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DEVONIAN    YEAR    BOOK 

1916'/^ 


^ 


ILLUMINATED   ADDRESS 

Presented  to  Captain  William  Pillar  by  the 
London  Devonian  Association. 


Frontispiece 


THE 

I 

Devonian  Year  Book 


I 


FOR    THE    YEAR 


191 

in  I 

(SEVENTH     YEAR     OF    PUBLICATION) 


R.    PEARSE    CHORE,    B.A. 


One's  native  place  is  the  shell  of  one's  soul,  and 
one's  church  is  the  kernel  of  that  nut. 

H.  Belloc,  The  Path  to  Rome. 


PUBLISHED    BY 

Xon&cii:    THE    LONDON    DEVONIAN    ASSOCIATION 

(JOHN  W.   SHAWYER,  Hon.  Sec.) 
16.  Regent  Street.  S.W. 

[       SIMPKIN.    MARSHALL,    HAMILTON.    KENT    &    CO.    LTD. 

>16ri5t0l  :     JOHN     WRIGHT     &     SONS     LTD..     STONE     BRIDGE 

(/or  the    West   cf  England  and  South    Wales). 


w 


JOHN     WRIGHT     AND    SONS    LTD., 
I'RINTERF,     BRISTOL. 


•  "'N2S1SS4 
S78740 


Contents. 


The    London    Devonian    Association — Officers    and    Com- 
mittees   -  -  -  -  -  -  -7 

The  Year's  Work       -  -  -  -  -  -     10 

Devonshire  Patriotic  Fund  -  -  -  -  -     13 

Died  for  their  Country  -  -  -  -  -     i5 

"  For  Dartymoor "  -  -  -  -  -     22 

Captain  WiUiam  Pillar — A  Devon  Hero       -  -  -     23 

'Devon  Men"  -  -  -  -  -  -     28 

WilHam  Hayman  Cummings,  Mus.D. — Dr.  T.  Lea  Southgate      29 
Notes  and  Gleanings  -  -  -  -  -     35 

"  Drake's  Drum  " — Sir  Henry  Newbolt     -  -  -51 

New  Light  on  Drake — Sir  Clements  R.  Markham,  K.C.B.     52 
"  Called  Up  "—Dudley  Clark  -  -  -  -     54 

Farthest  from  Railways  :    An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon 

— R.  Pearse  Chope         -  -  -  -  -     55 

"The  Visitors'  Book  :  Hartland  Quay  "— R.  A.  Knox         -  76 
The  Saints  of  Devon,  Part  IL — Rev.  J.  F.  Chanter  -     "]"] 

Some  Recent  Devonian  Literature — H.  Tapley-Soper        -  107 
AffiUated  Societies     ------  109 

Devonian  Societies  not  Affiliated      -  -  -  -  120 

Rules  of  the  London  Devonian  Association  -  -  -  121 

List  of  Members  and  Associates       -  -  -  -  124 


Officers  and  Committees 


The   London    Devonian    Association. 
Officers    and    Committees. 

1915-16. 


President : 

The   Right   Hon.   the   Earl  of   HALSBURY,   P.C. 

Paat   Presidents  : 

The  Right  Hon.  Earl  FORTESCUE,  K.C.B.,  A.D.C.,  Lord-Lieutenant 

of  Devon  (1909-10). 
The     Right     Hon.     Lord    NORTHCOTE,     G.C.M.G.,     G.C.I.E.,     C.B. 

(1910-11). 

Vice>Presidents  : 

The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  MOUNT  EDGCUMBE,  P.C,  G.C.V.O., 

VD. 
The  Right  Hon.  the  Viscount  ST.  CYRES. 
The  Right  Rev.  the  LORD  BISHOP  OF  EXETER. 
The  Right  Hon.  Lord  CHURSTON,  M.V.O. 

The  Right  Hon.  Lord  CLIFFORD  OF  CHUDLEIGH,  VD,  A.D.C. 
The  Right  Hon.  Lord  SEATON. 

The  Right  Hon.  H.  E.  DUKE,  K.C.,  M.P.,  Exeter  (Plymouth). 
The    Right    Hon.    GEORGE    LAMBERT,    P.C,    M.P.    South    Molton 

{Spreyton) . 
Sir  CLIFFORD  J.  CORY,  Bart.,  M.P.  (Bideford). 
Sir  H.  Y.-B.  LOPES,  Bart.  (Roborough). 
Sir  WILFRID  PEEK,  Bart.  (Rousdon). 
Sir  GEORGE  W.  KEKEWICH,  K.C.B.,  D.C.L.  [Peamore). 
Lady  MARKHAM  (Arlington). 

Sir  roper  LETHBRIDGE,   K.C.I.E.,  M.A.,  D.L.,  J. P.  (Exbourne). 
Sir  JOHN  JACKSON,  K.C.V.O.,  M.P.  Devonport. 
Lt.-Col.  Sir  FREDK.  UPCOTT,  K.C.V.O.,  CS.I.  (Cullompton) . 
Sir  EDWIN  A.  CORNWALL,  M.P.  (Lapford). 
Sir  JOHN  W.  SPEAR,  M.P.  Tavistock  (Tavistock). 
Sir  harry  J.  VEITCH  (Exeter). 
Commander  H.  L.  L.  PENNELL,  R.N.  (Awliscombe). 
Colonel  E.  T.  CLIFFORD,  VD  (Exeter). 
Major  WALDORF  ASTOR,  M.P.  Plymouth. 
Major  A.  C  MORRISON-BELL,  M.P.  Honiton  (Harpford). 
Captain  E.  F.  MORRISON-BELL,  M.P.  Ashburton  (C'hudleigh). 
T.  DYKE  ACLAND,  Esq.,  M.D.,  F.R.CP.   (Columb-John). 
A.  SHIRLEY  BENN.  Esq.,  M.P.  Plymouth. 

Rev.  W.  p.  BESLEY,  M.A.  (Barnstaple).  Minor  Canon  of  St.  Paul's. 
J.  B.  BURLACE,  Esq.,  F.R.G.S.,  F.Z.S.   (Brixham). 
JOHN  COLES,  Esq.,  J. P.  (Tiverton). 
A.  E.  DUNN,  Esq.  (Exeter). 
H.  T.  EASTON.  Esq.  (Exeter). 
JOHN  GALSWORTHY,  Esq.  (Manaion). 


The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


Vice-Presidents  : — Continued. 

Rev.  H.  R.  GAMBLE,  M.A.  {Barnstaple),  Hon.  Chaplain  to  the  King. 

ALLEN  GILL,  Esq.,  F.R.A.M.  {Devonport). 

T.  CANN  HUGHES,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.S.A.   (Hittisleigh). 

JOHN  LANE,  Esq.   {West  Putford). 

F.  B.  MILDMAY,  Esq.,  M.P.  Totnes  {Flete.  Ivybridge). 
R.  J.  PARR,  Esq.  {Torquay). 

Rev.  RICHARD  PEEK,  M.A.  {Drewsteignion). 
EDEN  PHILLPOTTS,  Esq.   {Exeter). 
P.  E.  PILDITCH,  Esq.,  J. P.,  L.C.C.  {Kingsbridge) . 
J.  C.  PILLMAN,  Esq.,  J.P.  {Plymouth). 
Alderman  C.  PINKHAM,  J. P..  C.C.  {Plympion). 

G.  H.  RADFORD,  Esq.,  LL.B.,  M.P.  {Plymouth). 
SYDNEY  SIMMONS,  Esq..  J.P.   {Okehampton). 
S.  M.  SKINNER,  Esq. 

MICHAEL  B.  SNELL,  Esq.,  J.P.  {Barnstaple). 

H.  TAPLEY-SOPER,  Esq.   {Stoke  Gabriel). 

Rev.  W.  temple,  M.A.  {Exeter). 

HENRY  TOZER,  Esq.   {Exeter). 

HENRY  VIVIAN,  Esq.   {Cornwood). 

Rev.  a.  J.  WALDRON  {Plymouth). 

H.   MICHELL  WHITLEY,   Esq.,   M.Inst.C.E.    {Plymouth). 

Rev.  H.  S.  WOOLLCOMBE.  M.A.  {Northlew). 

Chairman  of  the  Association  : 

Colonel  E.  T.  CLIFFORD,  VD   {Exeter). 
Cranley  Gardens,  South  Kensington,   S.VV. 

Committee  : 

Chairman. 

Alderman  C.  Pinkham,  J. P.,  C.C.   {Plympion), 

Linden  Lodge,  Winchester  Avenue,   Brondcsbury,  N.W. 

Deputy  Chairman. 
R.  Pearse  Chope,  B.A.   {Hartland), 
Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C. 
Prof.  W.  S.  Abell,  M.I.N.A.  {Exmouth),  11,  Wedderburn  Road,  Hamp- 

stead,  N.W. 
Stanley  J.  Bowen   {London  Bidefordian  Soc),  22,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 

E.C. 
G.  E.  Bridgeman  {Ugborough),  8,  Lavender  Sweep,  Clapham  Common, 

S.W. 
J.  B.  Burlace  {Brixham),  38,  Corfton  Road,  Ealing,  W. 
Norman  W.  Champion  {Sheldon),  8,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill, 

S.W. 
N.  Cole  {Salcombe),  45,  Allerton  Road,  Lordship  Park,  Stoke  Newing- 

ton,    N. 
G.  W.  Davey  {Sampford  Spiney),  16,  John  Street,  Bedford  Row,  W.C. 
J.     Donald    {Three   Towns  Assoc).    "  Westleigh,"     Whytecliffe    Road, 

Purley,    Surrey. 
H.  Geald  (Threepton),  la,  Middle  Temple  Lane,  E.C. 
H.  H.  M.  Hancock  {Barumites  in  London),  56,  Devereux  Road,   Wands- 
worth Common,  S.W. 
W.  Inman   {Stoke  Gabriel),  Sherbourne,  Longley  Road,  Tooting,  S.W. 
W.  J.  McCormack,  J.P.  {Plymouth),  Dunkeld.  Slough,   Bucks. 
F.  A.  Perry  {Tiverton),  4,  Kirchen  Road,  West  Ealing. 


I 


Officers  and  Committees 


John  Ryall  (Exeter  Club),  94,  Jerningham  Road,  New  Cross,  S.E. 
J.  Summers  {Old  Ottregians  Soc),  44,  Grove  Hill  Road,  Peckham,  S.E. 
J.  H.  Taylor  (Northam),  The  Lodge,  Old  Deer  Park,  Richmond. 

F.  G.  Wright  (Tiverton),  10,  Old  Deer  Park  Gardens,  Richmond. 
Robert  Yandle  (Tivertonian  Assoc),  22,  Carter  Lane,  E.C. 

Hon.  Auditors. 
Gilbert  Harris  (Plymouth),  78,  Wood  Street,  E.C. 
J.  Arnold  Hill,  C.A.  (Holcombe  Rogus),  19a.  Coleman  Street,  E.C. 

Hon.  Treasurer. 
H.    Brinsmead    Squire    (Torrington),    London    County    &    Westminster 
Bank,  Ltd.,  90,  Wood  Street,  E.C. 

Hon.  Assistant  Secretary. 
R.  Stewart  Barnes  (Vealmpton),  53,  Moorgate  Street,  E.C. 

Hon.  Secretary. 
John  W.  Shawyer  (West  Buckland  School  O.B.A.),  5,  Hemington  Avenue, 
Friem  Barnet,  N. 

Benevolent   Fund   Sub-committee  : 

G.  E.  Bridgeman,  G.  W.  Davey,  H.  H.  M.  Hancock,  W.  Inman,  J.  H. 

Taylor. 

Finance    Sub-committee  : 

J.  B.  Burlace,  G.  W.  Davey,  W.  Inman,  W.  J.  McCorm.vck,  J.  Summers. 

Year    Book    Sub-committee : 

Prof.  W.  S.  Abell,  J.  B.  Burlace,  H.  Geen,  F.  A.  Perry. 

Representatives  on  the  English  County  Societies  Conference  : 

Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford   (Chairman  of  the  Conference),  G.  W.  Davey, 
J.  W.  Shawyer  (ex  officio). 

National    Memorial    to    Drake. 

President :  The  Right  Hon.  Winston  Churchill,  M.P. 

The  London  Devonian  Association  is  represented  on  the  Executive  of 
the  National  Committee  by  Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford,  Vice-Chairman,  The 
Right.  Hon.  George  Lambert,  Hon  Treasurer,  Major  A.  Clive  Morrison- 
Bell,  M.P.,  P.  E.  Pilditch,  J.P.,  L.C.C,  G.  H.  Radford,  M.P.,  and  J. 
W.  Shawyer. 

Note. — The  Chairman  of  the  Association,  the  Chairman  of  Committee, 
the  Deputy  Chairman,  the  Hon.  Treasurer,  the  Hon.  Assistant  Secre- 
tary, and  the  Hon.  Secretary  axe  ex  officio  members  of  the  Committee 
and  of  all  Sub-committees. 


k 


10  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


The  Year's  Work. 


Under  the  stress  of  War  the  normal  functions  of  the  County 
Societies  in  London  have  necessarily  undergone  great  change. 
The  disposition  of  members  to  meet  at  social  gatherings  for  mere 
enjoyment  has  rightly  given  place  to  a  heartfelt  desire  for  the 
direction  of  energies  and  resources  into  channels  where  they  can 
best  be  utilized  for  the  alleviation  of  the  hardships  of  fellow- 
countymen  who  are  fighting  England's  battles  on  the  sea  and  on 
lands  beyond  the  sea,  and  of  those  whose  ill  fortune  has  led 
them  as  prisoners  of  war  into  the  hands  of  enemies  devoid  of 
chivalry — devoid  even  of  the  common  dictates  of  humanity  ; 
for  the  provision  of  comforts  and  practical  assistance  to  those 
who  have  been  broken  in  their  country's  service  ;  and  for  the 
augmentation  of  the  national  provision  for  the  dependents  of 
our  soldiers  and  sailors. 

Two  Concerts  were  held  by  the  Association  during  the  year 
for  the  furtherance  of  these  objects.  The  first  was  in  aid  of  the 
Devonshire  Patriotic  Fund,  in  the  Great  Hall  of  the  Cannon 
Street  Hotel,  presided  over  by  the  Right  Hon.  George  Lambert, 
M.P.,  Civil  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  and  resulted  in  a  substantial 
sum  being  handed  over.  The  opportunity  was  taken  of  inviting 
Captain  William  Pillar,  the  skipper  of  the  trawler  Provident,  of 
Brixham,  to  attend  and  be  presented  with  an  illuminated  address 
recording  his  gallant  act  of  rescuing  71  survivors  of  H.M.S. 
Formidable,  which  had  been  torpedoed  in  the  English  Channel 
by  a  German  submarine.  A  full  account  of  this  function  appears 
on  pages  23-27. 

The  second  Concert  was  held  under  the  presidency  of  the  Right 
Hon.  T.  J.  Macnamara,  LL.D.,  ParUamentary  Secretary  of  the 
Admiralty,  at  the  Balham  Assembly  Rooms,  generously  placed 
at  the  disposal  of  the  Committee  by  Mr.  J.  B.  Beare,  a  native 
of  Devon.  The  proceeds  were,  on  the  advice  of  Earl  Fortescue, 
forwarded  to  the  Mayoress  of  Exeter  for  the  purpose  of  being 
added  to  her  fund  for  soldiers  and  sailors  already  in  existence. 

Mr.  R.  P.  Chope  gave  the  members  of  the  Association  an 
illustrated  lantern  lecture  on  "  Farthest  from  Railways  :  an 
Unknown  Corner  of  Devon,"  a  full  report  of  which  appears  on 
pages  55-75.  The  chair  was  taken  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Pillman,  J. P., 
one  of  our  Vice-Presidents,  and  there  was  an  excellent  attendance. 


The  Year's  Work  ii 


The  Children's  Party  was  held  as  usual  at  the  Holborn  Hall, 
and  was  a  distinct  success,  134  children  and  over  160  adults  being 
present.  A  distinct  and  charming  innovation  was  the  presence 
of  a  number  of  Belgian  Refugees,  to  whom  special  invitations 
had  been  sent. 

The  Annual  Dinner  and  the  Annual  River  Trip  were  both 
cancelled. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  the  greater  number  of  Devonians  in 
London  on  whom  the  Rifle  Club  relied  for  support  have  joined 
His  Majesty  s  Forces,  the  attendance  at  the  Rifle  Club  has  been 
meagre,  and  consequently  the  Committee  have  decided  to  dis- 
continue for  the  present  their  arrangements  for  the  use  of  the 
National  Reserve  Rifle  Association  Range  at  Blackfriars.  In 
this  connection  it  is  recorded  with  regret  that  Mr.  G.  B.  Godsland, 
the  Captain  of  the  Club,  and  Mr.  R.  W.  Mourant,  both  of  whom 
shot  for  the  Association  in  the  Winans'  Cup  Competition,  have 
fallen  in  action. 

Reference  has  been  made  to  the  Devonshire  Patriotic  Fund 
which  was  instituted  at  the  suggestion  of  Earl  Fortescue  ;  as  a 
result  of  the  Committee's  efforts  the  sum  of  £223  Os.  5d.  has 
been  received.  Details  are  given  on  pages  13-14.  The  fund 
remains  open,  and  contributions  will  be  gladly  received  by  the 
Hon.  Treasurer. 

During  the  year  40  new  members  were  elected,  and  it  is  in- 
teresting to  note  there  are  now  16  Home  Societies  and  8  Societies 
of  Devonians  abroad  affiliated  to  the  Association,  in  addition  to 
18  Home  and  5  Colonial  Societies,  which  may  be  regarded  as 
Corresponding  Societies. 

The  Association  has  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  through  death 
three  of  its  most  distinguished  Vice-Presidents,  viz..  Dr.  W.  H. 
Cummings,  the  Hon.  Lionel  Walrond,  and  Mr.  W.  H.  K.  Wright. 
Obituary  notices  appear  elsewhere.  The  Rev.  William  Temple, 
M.A.,  Rector  of  St.  James's,  Piccadilly,  son  of  the  famous  Arch- 
bishop, and  Mr.  S.  M.  Skinner,  Chairman  of  John  Barker  &  Co., 
Ltd.,  have  been  elected  Vice-Presidents. 

The  Annual  General  Meeting  of  the  Association  was  held  at 
Anderton's  Hotel,  Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford  occupying  the  chair. 
Messrs.  J.  B.  Burlace,  G.  W.  Davey,  W.  J.  McCormack,  and 
W.  H.  Smart  retired  and  were  re-elected.  Mr.  Henry  Gillham, 
who  had  served  on  the  Committee  for  six  years,  resigned  owing 
to  indifferent  health,  and  Mr.  F.  G.  Wright,  one  of  the  original 
members,  was  elected  in  his  stead.  Mr.  R.  Stewart  Barnes  was 
elected  Hon.  Assistant  Secretary.  Mr.  W.  H.  Smart  resigned 
the  position  of  Hon.  Subscription  Secretary,  and  the  thanks  of 
the  Association  are  due  to  him  not  only  for  the  work  done  by 


12  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

him  in  his  official  capacity,  but  also  for  the  great  amount  of  time 
generously  given  by  him  in  connection  with  his  duties  as  Hon. 
Secretary  of  the  Entertainment  Committee.  Mr.  Smart  remains 
on  the  Committee,  so  the  Association  can  still  rely  on  his  cordial 
co-operation  and  assistance  whenever  opportunity  arises.  All 
the  other  officers  were  re-elected. 

After  the  disposal  of  the  routine  business,  the  Chairman 
referred  to  the  disappointment  the  Committee  of  the  National 
Memorial  to  Drake  in  London  had  experienced,  owing  to  the 
fact  that,  although  the  matter  was  so  near  completion,  it  had 
had  to  stand  over  entirely  owing  to  the  War.  He  also  referred  to 
a  scheme  which  had  been  put  forward  by  the  Conference  of  the 
English  County  Societies  in  London  which  would  enable  members 
of  all  the  affiliated  Societies  to  have  an  opportunity  of  under- 
taking the  visitation  of  and  provision  of  comforts  for  wounded 
soldiers  and  sailors,  natives  of  their  own  counties,  now  lying  in 
London  hospitals.  The  meeting  cordially  appreciated  the 
scheme,  which,  we  learn,  is  approaching  completion. 

The  membership  of  the  Association  still  falls  far  short  of  what 
it  should  be,  and  the  co-operation  of  existing  members  in  ex- 
tending its  ramifications  amongst  their  many  friends  from  the 
old  County  in  London  would  lead  to  a  corresponding  extension 
of  the  influence  and  value  of  the  organization.  It  will  be  readily 
recognized  how  necessary  this  is  for  the  effective  realization  of 
the  immediate  objects  indicated  above,  and  the  consequent 
material  benefit  to  those  who  have  so  generously  answered  their 
country's  call.  The  question  of  employment  of  the  partially 
disabled  after  the  War  is  one  which  particularly  commends 
itself,  and  looms  large  on  the  horizon  ;  much  good  might  be 
done  in  this  direction.  The  direct  connections  of  the  Com- 
mittee must  necessarily  be  limited  ;  it  is  therefore  hoped  that 
every  reader  of  this  book  will  lose  no  opportunity  of  helping 
to  increase  the  membership,  and  so  forwarding  the  interests 
of  the  London  Devonian  Association  in  the  best  practical  manner. 

J.  W.  S. 


A  Wish. 

One  thing  I  ask  of  Heaven  : 

A  very  httle  gold. 
That  I  may  go  to  Devon 

And  live  there  till  I'm  old. 

Geoffrey  Dennis. 


Devonshire  Patriotic  Fund 


Devonshire    Patriotic    Fund. 

In  the  last  Year  Book  was  given  a  first  list  of  subscriptions  to 
this  fund  obtained  through  the  London  Devonian  Association. 
The  amount  actually  received  was  £170  5s.  6d.  Since  this  book 
was  published  the  following  additional  subscriptions  have  been 
received,  making  a  total  of  {223  Os.  5d.,  and  a  cheque  for  £200 
has  been  sent  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  fund.  The  subscription 
Hst  is  still  open,  and  it  is  hoped  that  many  more  contributions 
will  be  received  during  the  coming  year. 

The  object  of  the  fund  is  to  give  assistance  in  case  of  need 
to  the  wives,  famihes,  and  other  dependent  relatives  of  Sailors 
and  Soldiers  (Regulars  and  Territorials)  belonging  to  the  County, 
and  to  aid  in  the  care  of  the  sick  and  wounded.  In  addition 
to  providing  monetary  assistance  in  these  cases,  the  Fund  is 
being  utilized  to  purchase  materials  for  the  use  of  the  numerous 
ladies'  working  parties  which  have  been  formed  to  make  hospital 
garments  and  clothing  comforts  for  the  troops. 


SECOND    LIST    OF    SUBSCRIPTIONS. 


Amount  previously  acknowledged 
Devonshire  Patriotic  Fund  Concert 
Hong-Kong  Devonian  Society 
Subscribers  : — 


£  s.   d. 

170  5     6 

24  811 

20  o     o 


W.  Barret,  Esq. 

A.  J.  J.  Brock,  Esq. 

G.  K.  Hall  Brutton,  Esq. 

F.  T.  Chappie,  Esq. 
Dr.  Francis  Clark 

G.  Curry,  Esq. 

A.  C.  Dennys,  Esq. 
H.  L.  Dennys,  Esq. 
J.  A.  Dove,  Esq. 

A.  Dunrich,  Esq. 

H.  R.  G.  Elson,  Esq. 
F.  Goodman,  Esq. 

B.  A.  Hale,  Esq. 

H.  C.  R.  Hancock,  Esq. 
R.  H.  Hancock,  Esq. 
F.  A    Hazeland,  Esq 

C.  W.  Heard,   Esq 

P.  M.  Hodgson,  Esq. 


A.  Shelton  Hooper,  Esq. 

J.   Hooper,  Esq. 

Philip  Jacks,  Esq. 

E.  P.  H.  Lang,   Esq. 

J.  D.   Lloyd,  Esq. 

G.  C.  Moxon,  Esq. 

M.  Stafford  Northcote,  Esq. 

Dr.  W.  W.  Pearsel 

H.  R.  Phelips,  Esq. 

H.  E.  Pollock,  Esq. 

W.  Pope,  Esq. 

Dr.  J.  H.  Sanders 

N.  J.  Stabb,  Esq. 

Dr.  F.  O.  Stedman 

C.  V.  Swiggs,  Esq. 

J.  Tooker,  Esq. 

E.  M.  Tozer,  Esq. 

Capt.  Wilde 


14 


The  Devonian  Year  Book,   1916 


Society  of  Devonians  in  Bristol 

Eng.-Capt.   VV.   D.   Chope,   R.N. 

G.  W.  Wilcocks,  Esq. 

Swansea  Devonian  Society   . . 

Miss  K.  Lawday 

Ottregians  in  London,  per  J.  Summers,  Esq. 


£  s- 


I     I 

oil 


d. 
o 
o 
o 
o 


/223 


With  reference  to  the  contribution  from  the  Hong-Kong 
Devonian  Society,  the  Hon.  Secretary  (Mr.  PhiHp  Jacks)  writes  : 
"  This  amount  has  been  collected  by  the  Hong-Kong  Devonian 
Society,  to  which  most  of  the  Devon  men  in  this  Colony  have 
subscribed  their  mite.  People  here  generally  have  already 
subscribed  or  are  subscribing  a  percentage  of  their  monthly  pay 
to  the  Prince  of  Wales'  Fund,  so  that  we  could  not  get  as  large 
a  sum  for  the  Devon  Fund  as  we  might  otherwise  have  done. 
On  the  receipt  of  your  letter  I  called  a  meeting  of  the  Committee 
of  the  local  Devonian  Society,  who  decided  that,  instead  of 
holding  the  Annual  Dinner  this  year,  the  members  should  be 
asked  to  subscribe  a  small  sum  for  the  benefit  of  the  men  of 
Devon  and  their  families  who  are  in  distress  owing  to  the  war." 


The  Royal  North  Devon  Hussars. 


An  Appeal  for  Comforts. 


The  following  letter  from  Earl  Fortescue  has  appeared  in  the 
local  press  : — 

"  Sir, — We  now  have  information  that  the  Royal  North  Devon  Hussars 
are  fighting  against  the  Turks  in  the  Gallipoli  Peninsula.  We  know  there 
are  many  in  Devon  who  would  wish  to  help  in  sending  comforts  to  the 
men,  and  are  therefore  appeaUng  through  your  colunjns  for  money  to 
provide  plum  puddings,  cigarettes,  tobacco,  chocolate,  etc.  Mufflers, 
socks  and  mittens  are  acceptable  presents.  Parcels  and  cheques  should 
be  sent  to  Mrs.  Sanders,  150,  St.  James's  Court,  London,  S.W. 

Yours  truly, 
(Signed)  Fortescue,  Hon.  Col.  R.N.D.H." 


Died  for  their  Country  15 


JBietr  for  tftcir  (ffountnj. 

Allen. — Died  of  wounds  in  France,  on  Sept.  26-27,  i9^5»  -nd 
Lieut.  F.  J.  Allen,  9th  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Mr.  Allen,  of 
Clapham,  age  22. 

Anstey. — Killed  in  Flanders,  on  June  24,  1915,  Capt.  George  A. 
Anstey,  ist  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Maj.  W.  Anstey,  of  Fleet, 
Hampshire,  age  27. 

Aplin. — Died  of  wounds  in  France,  on  ^lay  13,  1915,  Lieut. 
Elphinstone  D'Oyly  Aplin,  2nd  Gloucester  Regt.,  son  of 
Lieut.-Col.  H.  M.  Aplin,  of  the  Royal  WilHam  Yard,  Plymouth, 
age  22. 

Arundell. — Killed  on  the  Suez  Canal,  on  Feb.  3,  1915,  Capt. 
Reinfred  Tatton  Arundell,  2nd  Rajputs  (Indian  Army),  of 
Cheriton  Fitzpaine,  age  38.  He  saw  active  service  in  Tibet, 
1903-4,  taking  part  in  the  march  to  Lhasa. 

ASHCROFT.— Killed  whilst  leading  his  men  into  action  on  Sept.  25, 
1915,  Lieut.  Ernest  Ashcroft,  8th  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Wm. 
Ashcroft,  of  Prenton,  Cheshire,  age  31. 

Bates. — Lieut.  Raymond  Plumptre  Bates,  2nd  Devon  Regt.,  son  of 
Philip  Bates,  of  Bude,  age  25. 

Baynes. — Died  from  pneumonia,  on  March  19,  1915,  following 
wounds  received  at  Festhubert,  on  Dec.  21.  Ma].  Nigel  Williams 
Francis  Baynes,  Gloucester.  Regt.,  son  of  W.  F.  Baynes,  of 
Torquay.  From  1 901-4  he  was  employed  with  the  West 
.\frican  Frontier  Force,  having  seen  active  service  in  the 
South  African  War.  1899-1900,  when  he  obtained  the  Queen's 
medal  with  two  clasps. 

Bennitt. — Died  in  France,  on  Oct.  7,  191 5,  of  wounds  received 
in  action,  Capt.  Harry  Pynson  Bennitt,  7th  Seaforth  High- 
landers, son  of  the  late  Pynson  Bennitt,  of  Totnes.  He  saw 
service  in  the  Somaliland,  Gambia,  and  Gold  Coast  expeditions, 
for  which  he  received  the  general  African  medal  with  three 
clasps. 

Bewes. — Killed  in  France,  on  May  23,  1915,  Lieut.  Reginald 
Charles  Hope  Bewes,  ist  The  King's  (Liverpool  Regt.),  son  of 
R.  A.  Bewes,  of  Plymouth,  age  25. 

Blacker. — Killed  in  France,  on  Oct.  18,  1915,  2nd  Lieut.  John 
Robin  Blacker,  ist  Coldstream  Guards,  son  of  C.  Blacker,  of 
Torquay,  age  18. 

BoLiTHO. — Before  June  3,  1915,  Lieut.  William  Torquil  Macleod 
Bolitho,  19th  Hussars,  son  of  Maj.  W.  E.  T.  BoHtho,  D.S.O., 
1st  Royal  Devon  Imperial  Yeomanry,  and  of  Hannaford, 
Ashburton,  age  23. 

Bristowe. — Before  March  19,  191. 5.  Lieut.  Robert  Owen  Bristowe, 
2nd  Devon  Regt.,  age  26. 


i6  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


Bruce. — Killed  at  the  Dardanelles,  on  May  24,  1915,  Major 
John  Elliott  Lidderdale  Bruce,  R.A..  son  of  Col.  E.  A.  Bruce, 
of  Barnstaple,  age  45.  He  took  part  in  the  Wuntho  Expedi- 
tion, 1891,  was  mentioned  in  dispatches,  and  received  medal  with 
clasp.  In  1894-5  he  took  part  in  the  Waziristan  Expedition, 
receiving  a  clasp,  and  in  1897-8  in  the  operations  of  the  Tochi 
Field  Force  on  the  North-West  Frontier  of  India,  and  received, 
medal  with  clasp.  In  1900  he  received  the  Queen's  medal 
with  three  clasps  for  his  services  in  the  South  African  War, 
and  in  1898  was  on  the  staff  in  the  operations  in  the  Mohmand 
country,  on  the  North-West  Frontier  of  India,  and  received 
medal  with  clasp. 

Bryant. — Died  at  Roulers  of  wounds  received  on  Apr.l  26,  1915, 
Capt.  H.  G.  Bryant,  2nd  Shropshire  Light  Infantry,  son  of 
H.  S.  Bryant,  of  Torquay.  He  saw  service  in  the  South 
African  war  and  gained  there  the  D.S.O. 

Byfield. — Died  at  Boulogne,  on  March  24,  1915,  of  enteric  fever 
contracted  in  the  trenches.  2nd  Lieut.  Arthur  T.  S.  Byfield, 
Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light  Infatnry,  son  of  T.  W.  Byfield,  of 
Plymouth,  age  20. 

Carden. — Killed  in  France,  on  Sept.  26-27,  1915,  Maj.  Henry 
Charles  Carden,  D.S.O.,  9th  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late 
Sir  John  Carden,  Bart.,  of  Templemore,  age  60.  In  1900-2 
he  went  to  South  Africa  with  the  Imperial  Yeomanry,  was 
mentioned  in  dispatches,  and  received  the  D.S.O. 

Carver. — Killed  in  action  in  France,  on  Sept.  25-27,  1915,  Lieut. 
Frank  Maitland  Carver,  8th  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Frank  Carver, 
of  Bude,  age  21. 

Cole. — Lost  in  H.M.S.  Lynx,  Comm.  John  F.  H.  Cole,  R.N.,  son 
of  R.  H.  Cole,  of  Torquay. 

CoPNER. — Missing,  believed  killed,  on  Sept.  25,  1915,  Lieut. 
Arthur  Bruce  Copner,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  A.  L, 
Copner,  of  Ilfracombe. 

Davies. — Killed  in  action  in  France,  on  Sept.  25-27,  1915,  2nd 
Lieut.  Maurice  Albert  Mervyn  Davies,  9th  Devon  Regt.,  son 
of  L.  R.  Davies,  of  Montagu  Mansions,  Portman  Square,  W., 
age  25. 

DiTM.\s. — Before  Jan.  19,  1915,  Lieut.  T.  O.  B.  Ditmas,  Devon 
Regt.,  age  28. 

DoDGSON. — Killed  in  action  in  France,  on  Sept.  25,  1915,  Lieut- 
Kenneth  Vernon  Dodgson,  8th  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Rev. 
F.  V.  Dodgson,  of  Dr.  Barnardo's  Homes,  Barkingside,  age  24. 

DowNES. — Died  on  Aug.  11,  1915,  of  wounds  received  at  the 
Dardanelles,  Lieut.  Gilbert  George  Downes,  6th  Lincoln  Regt., 
son  of  D.  G.  Downes,  of  Up-Ottery. 

Eardley-Wilmot. — On  March  19,  1915,  Lieut.  Frederick  Laurence 
Eardley-Wilmot,  Princess  Patricia's  Canadian  Light  Infantry, 
son  of  Col.  A.  Eardley-Wilmot,  R.A.,  of  Westward  Ho,  age  20. 

ExELL. — On  July  31,  1915,  Capt.  Noel  Jardine  Exell,  9th  King's 
Royal  Rifles,  son  of  the  Rev.  Exell,  of  Stoke  Fleming. 


Died  /or  their  Country  17 


I'ergusox-Davik. — Killed  at  the  Dardanelles,  on  May  9,  191.5, 
2nd  Lieut.  Herbert  George  Ferguson -Davie,  Royal  Marines, 
son  of  Sir  William  Ferguson- Davie,  Bt.,  of  Greedy  Park, 
Crediton,  age  42. 

l"'oRTESCUE. — On  Sept.  4,  1915,  Capt.  Grenvillc  Fortescue,  nth 
Rifle  Brigade,  son  of  Capt.  the  Hon.  Arthur  Fortescue,  Cold- 
steam  Guards,  and  nephew  of  Earl  I'ortescue,  age  28. 

GoLDiE. — Accidentally  killed,  before  March  10,  191 5,  Maj.  Mark 
Leigh  Goldie,  D.S.O.,  M.V.O.,  Royal  Horse  Artillery,  son  of 
Col.  M.  H.  G.  Goldie,  R.E.,  of  Plymouth,  age  39.  He  served 
with  the  Aro  Expedition.  Southern  Nigeria,  in  1901-2,  and 
for  his  services,  which  were  mentioned  in  dispatches,  he 
received  the  medal  with  clasp  and  the  D.S.O. 

Gransmore. — Killed  in  action  in  France,  on  Sept.  28,  1915,  Capt. 
Rodney  Gransmore,  Middlesex  Regt.,  son  of  Capt.  Gransmore, 
R.N.,  of  Paignton,  age  25. 

(iRANT. — Killed  in  action  in  France,  on  Sept.  25,  1915,  Lieut. -Col. 
Alexander  George  William  Grant,  Devon  Regt.,  age  47.  In 
the  South  African  war  he  was  Commandant  at  Eland's  River, 
and  was  employed  for  some  time  with  the  Rand  Rifles.  He 
took  part  in  the  operations  at  Paardeberg,  and  in  the  actions 
at  Poplar  Grove.  Dreifontein,  Houtnek,  and  Zand  River,  and 
in  other  operations  in  the  Transvaal,  being  mentioned  in 
dispatches  and  receiving  the  brevet  rank  of  major,  the  Queen's 
medal  with  five  clasps,  and  the  King's  with  two  clasps. 

Gregory. — Killed  in  France  before  May  20,  1915,  2nd  Lieut. 
S.  M.  Gregory,  6th  London  Rifles,  son  of  Rev.  W.  H.  Gregory, 
of  Okehampton. 

(.REiG. — Killed  on  Oct.  1 7, 1915,  while  serving  with  the  Mediterranean 
Expeditionary  Force,  Maj.  Morl^nd  John  Greig,  Royal  North 
Devon  Hussars  (Yeomanry),  of  Exford,  Somerset,  J. P.,  Master 
of  the  Devon  and  Somerset  Staghounds,  age  51. 

Harrison. — Killed  in  Flanders  on  July  i,  1915.  Lieut.  Eric 
Harrison,  3rd  Leicester  Regt.  (attached  to  ist),  son  of  F.  P. 
Harrison,  of  Devonport,  age   17. 

Hellyer. — Died  at  Boulogne  on  May  8,  191 5,  of  wounds  received 
near  Ypres,  on  April  28,  2nd  Lieut.  Sidney  H.  Hellyer,  4th 
East  Yorkshire  Regt.,  son  of  Charles  Hellyer,  J. P.,  of  Brixham, 
age  25. 

Hewitt. — Killed  in  France,  on  Sept.  27,  1915,  Frederick  Whitmore 
Hewitt,  Chaplain  to  the  Forces,  Vicar  of  Brixton,  South  Devon, 
son  of  S.  Hughes  Hewitt,  of  Camberley,  age  35. 

Hill. — Killed  at  the  Dardanelles,  on  Aug.  7,  1915.  Maj.  Frederick 
Thomas  Cecil  Hill,  6th  York  and  Lancaster  Regt.,  son  of  A.  !\L 
Hill,  of  Yelverton,  age  41. 

Hodgson. — Died  in  hospital  of  wounds  received  near  Neuve 
Chapelle,  on  March  13,  1915,  2nd  Lieut.  PhiHp  Ormiston 
Hodgson,  2nd  East  Lancashire  -Regt.,  son  of  Lieut.  T.  T. 
Hodgson,  R.N.,  of  Teignmouth,  age  27. 


1 8  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191b 


HuLM. — Died  of  wounds  received  in  action  on  Sept.  25,  1915, 
Lieut.  Wynne  Odyerne  Hulm,  8th  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Mrs. 
Wynne  Hulm,  of  Finborough  Road,  S.W.,  age  27. 

Hume. — Died  of  wounds  received  at  the  Dardanelles,  before  May  8, 
1915,  Lieut. -Col.  Robert  Ouseley  Cuthbert  Hume,  ist  Border 
Regt.,  son  of  Capt.  Walter  Hume,  of  Lynton,  age  48.  He  took 
part  in  the  Waziristan  Expedition,  1894-5,  receiving  the 
medal  with  clasp.  He  had  also  the  Tirah  medal  with  two 
clasps  for  service  on  the  North-West  Frontier  in  1897-8. 

Hunt. — Died  at  Boulogne  on  Nov.  28,  1914,  from  wounds  received 
in  action,  2nd  Lieut.  Alfred  J.  Hunt,  Royal  Field  Artillery, 
son  of  Capt.  Hunt,  of  Abbotscliffe. 

James. — Died  in  France,  on  Sept.  30,  1915,  of  wounds  received 
in  action,  2nd  Lieut.  Charles  Douglass-James,  South  Staffs. 
Regt.,  son  of  C.  H.  James,  J.P,  of  Ingledene,  Plymouth, 
age  20. 

James. — Killed  in  France  on  Sept.  25,  1915,  Lieut.  William  Douglass- 
James,  R.G.A.,  eldest  son  of  C.  H.  James,  J. P.,  of  Ingledene, 
Plymouth. 

Jeffreys. — Killed  in  Flanders,  on  July  11,  1915,  Capt.  Darell 
Richard  Jeffreys,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  John  Jeffreys,  of 
Canterton  Manor,  age  33.  He  served  in  the  South  African 
War,  taking  part  in  the  operations  in  the  Transvaal  in  1902, 
and  being  awarded  the  Queen's  medal  with  four  clasps. 

Kekewich. — Killed  in  action  in  France,  on  Sept.  25,  1915,  Capt. 
Arthur  St.  John  Mackintosh  Kekewich,  8th  Devon  Regt., 
son  of  C.  G.  Kekewich,  age  28. 

Koebel. — Died  of  wounds  at  Gallipoli,  on  Aug.  24,  1915,  Capt. 
Charles  Edward  Koebel,  Royal  West  Surrey  Regt.,  son  of 
Oscar  Koebel,  of  Bishopsteignton,  age  36. 

Lafone. — Capt.  Claude  A.  Lafone,  D.S.O.,  2nd  Devon  Regt., 
age  37.  He  served  throughout  the  South  African  War,  was 
mentioned  in  dispatches,  and  was  awarded  the  Queen's  medal 
with  five  clasps  and  the  King's  medal  with  two  clasps.  His 
D.S.O.  was  granted  for  "  conspicuous  gallantry  on  the  night 
of  Dec.  18,  1914,  near  Neuve  Chapelle,  in  capturing  a  trench 
from  the  enemy." 

Legge. — Before  Dec.  26,  1914,  Capt.  Ronald  George  Legge,  Devon 
Regt.,  son  of  the  Hon.  Charles  G.  Legge,  age  36.  He  served 
with  the  Imperial  Yeomanry  in  the  South  African  campaign, 
and  held  the  Queen's  medal  with  four  clasps. 

LiPTROTT. — Died  at  Boulogne  from  wounds  received  in  action, 
Lieut.  Eric  Carr  Liptrott,  6th  Jats  L.I.,  son  of  Rev.  B.  B. 
Liptrott,  of  West  Teignmouth,  age  26.  His  double  company 
was  specially  congratulated  for  brilliant  work  in  the  trenches 
by  the  Divisional  and  Brigade  Generals.  He  served  in  the 
Mohmand  expedition  with  the  West  Yorkshire  Regt.,  and 
received  a  medal. 

Lock. — On  Nov.  26,  1914,  Lieut.  Henry  John  Lock,  Royal  Marine 
Light  Infantry,  H.M.S.  Bulwark,  son  of  Maj.  Lock,  of  Musbury. 


Died  for  their  Gauntry  19 


Lucy. — Died  on  March  19,  1915,  of  wounds  received  near  Neuve 
Chapelle,  on  March  12,  Lieut.  Reginald  Eric  Lucy,  2nd 
Northants  Regt.,  son  of  Reginald  Lucy,  of  Plymouth,  age  21. 

Mackenzie. — Died  at  Ismailia  of  acute  bronchitis,  Maj.  Kenneth 
Lee  Warner  Mackenzie,  62nd  Punjabis,  son  of  T.  D.  Mackenzie, 
of  Exmouth,  age  40.  He  saw  active  service  in  1897-8  both 
at  Mohmand  and  Tirah,  being  present  at  the  capture  of 
Sampagha  Pass,  at  Dwatoi,  and  in  the  Bara  Valley.  For 
these  services  he  received  medal  with  clasp  and  clasp  respec- 
tively. 

Morris.— 2nd  Lieut.  Henry  Gage  Morris,  2nd  Duke  of  Cornwall's 
Light  Infantry,  son  of  Col.  Morris,  of  Budleigh  Salterton, 
age  17. 

Mortimer. — Died  of  wounds  received  at  the  Dardanelles,  on 
Aug.  10,  1915,  2nd  Lieut.  William  Lionel  Gueritz  Mortimer, 
6th  Royal  Dublin  Fusiliers,  son  of  Rev.  R.  A.  Mortimer,  of 
St.  Mary  Major,  Exeter,  age  20. 

Newton-King. — On  April  12,  1915,  2nd  Lieut.  A.  R.  Newton-King, 
Royal  Irish  Regt.,  son  of  Maj.  Newton-King,  of  Westward  Ho, 
age  20.  He  took  part  in  the  retreat  from  Mons,  and  the  battles 
of  the  Marne  and  the  Aisne.  He  had  been  twice  previously 
wounded,  and  was  one  of  the  first  officers  to  receive  the  French 
military  decoration. 

Orlebar. — Killed  at  Neuve  Chapelle,  on  Jan.  9,  1915,  Lieut. 
Robert  Evelyn  Orlebar,  2nd  Middlesex  Regt.,  son  of  Lieut. -Col. 
E.  H.  Orlebar,  of  Ivybridge,  age  20. 

Paddison. — Killed  in  Flanders  on  July  30,  1915,  Lieut;  George 
Mitford  Paddison,  6th  Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light  Infantry, 
son  of  Richard  Paddison,  of  Tiverton. 

Page. — Died  in  France,  on  Nov.  11,  1914,  from  the  result  of  an 
accident.  Col.  Robert  Burton  Page,  late  Lancashire  Fusiliers, 
of  Exmouth. 

Parker. — Killed  in  Flanders,  on  July  30,  1915,  Capt.  William 
Mackworth  Parker,  Adjutant  of  the  8th  Rifle  Brigade,  son  of 
Lieut. -Col.   W.   F.   Parker,  of  Delamore,   Devon. 

Pitts-Tucker. — Killed  in  France,  on  Dec.  20,  1914,  Lieut.  Cecil 
Mortimer  Pitts-Tucker,  ist  Highland  Light  Infantry,  son  of 
W.  E.  Pitts-Tucker,  of  Barnstaple. 

PoPHAM. — Lost  on  active  service,  before  Feb.  26,  1915,  Lieut. - 
Commdr.  Arthur  Leyborne  Popham,  R.N.,  son  of  Rev.  E.  L, 
Popham,  of  Hemyock. 

Radcliffe. — Killed  in  Flanders,  on  July  30,  1915,  Capt.  John 
Douglas  Henderson  Radcliffe,  7th  King's  Royal  Rifle  Corps, 
Fellow  of  All  Souls,  M.A.,  B.C.L.,  son  of  A.  N.  Radchffe,  of 
Bag  Park,  Widecombe-in-the-Moor,  age  30. 

Renton. — Killed  in  Flanders,  on  June  2,  1915,  Capt.  W.  G.  F* 
Renton,  King's  Dragoon  Guards,  son  of  W.  Renton,  of  Tiverton. 
In  the  South  African  War  he  took  part  in  the  operations  in  the 
Transvaal,  Orange  River  Colony,  and  Cape  Colony,  being 
mentioned  in  dispatches  and  retJeiving  the  Queen's  and  King's 
medals,  with  two  clasps. 


20  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


Rogers. — Before  Feb.  22,  1915,  Capt.  Francis  Caryer  Campbell 
Rogers,  M.V.O.,  Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light  Infantry,  son  of 
A.  C.  C.  Rogers,  of  Paignton,  age  31. 

RuNDLE. — Killed  at  Rouge  Bancs,  on  May  9,  1915.  Lieut. 
Raymond  Wallis  Kundle,  ist  Sherwood  Foresters,  son  of 
Brevet  Col.  G.  R.  T.  Rundle,  C.B.,  R.A.,  of  Ermington.  He 
was  present  at  the  battle  of  Neuve  Chapelle. 

Smyth-Osbourne. — Killed  in  France,  on  Aug.  29,  1915,  Lieut. 
Wilfrid  Smyth-Osbourne,  ist  Worcester  Regt.,  son  of  J.  Smyth- 
Osbourne,  of  Iddlesleigh,  age  21.  He  served  in  the  battle  of 
the  Aisne,  and  was  wounded  on  Oct.  24,  1914,  at  St.  Julien 
in  the  first  battle  of  Ypres. 

Sparling. — Reported  killed  in  France  on  Sept.  26-27,  1915,  Maj. 
Norman  Chalmers  Sparling,  54th  Sikhs,  attached  6th  K.O.S. 
Borderers,  son  of  Lieut. -Col.  J.  P.  Sparling,  LA.,  of  Westward 
Ho.  He  served  in  the  Zukka  Khel  expedition,  and  received 
medal  with  clasp. 

Sparrow. — Killed  on  March  10,  1915,  Capt.  Benjamin  Charles 
Sparrow,  Garhwal  Rifles,  son  of  Benjamin  Sparrow,  of  Ivy- 
bridge,  age  33.  He  saw  active  service  in  South  Africa,  receiving 
the  Queen's  medal  with  five  clasps. 

Spencer. — Killed  on  Dec.  18,  1914,  Capt.  Charles  James  Spencer, 
2nd  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  C.  A.  Spencer,  of  Leicester,  age  35. 
He  was  wounded  in  the  South  African  War,  where  he  was 
present  at  the  relief  of  Ladysmith,  and  at  the  actions  at  Spion 
Kop,  Vaal  Kranz,  Tugela  Heights,  Pieters  Hill,  and  Laing's 
Nek.  He  received  the  Queen's  medal  with  five  clasps  and 
the  King's  medal  with  two  clasps. 

Spottiswoode. — Capt.  John  Spottiswoode,  King's  Royal  Rifles, 
son  of  G.  A.  Spottiswoode,  of  Chatton,  Devon,  age  40. 

Steel. — Died  on  Nov.  2,  1914,  from  wounds  received  the  same 
day  at  La  Clytte,  Maj.  E.  B.  Steel,  R.A.M.C.,  of  Exeter,  age  43. 

Stirling. — Killed  in  Flanders  on  Jan.  2,  1915,  Capt.  James  Stirling, 
The  Cameronians  (Scottish  Rifles),  son  of  Col.  Stirling,  R.A., 
of  The  Grange,  Rockbeare,  age  30. 

Stirling. — Killed  in  Flanders,  on  Aug.  21,  1915,  Lieut.  Richard 
Kellock  Stirling,  5th  Royal  Fusiliers,  son  of  Richard  Stirling, 
of  South  Brent,  age  22. 

Toms. — Accidentally  killed  in  Flanders,  on  Nov.  27,  19 14,  Lieut. 
Arthur  Woodland  Toms,  3rd  Devon  Regt.  (attached),  2nd 
Scottish  Rifles  (Cameronians),  son  of  Woodland  Toms,  of 
Jersey,  age  23. 

TozER. — Killed  in  action  in  France,  on  Oct.  i,  1915,  2nd  Lieut. 
Horace  Gordon  Tozer,  2nd  York  Regt.,  son  of  J.  C.  Tozer, 
of  Stoke  House,  Devonport,  age  20. 

Tracey. — Killed  in  action  in  France,  on  Sept.  25-27,  1915,  Lieut. 
Geoffrey  Eugene  Tracey,  9th  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late 
H.  E.  Tracey,  M.B.,  and  Mrs.  Tracey,  of  Willand,  Devon, 
age  19. 


Died  for  their  Country  21 


Trefusis. — Killed  in  B'rance,  on  Oct.  24,  IQ15,  Brigadier-General 
the  Hon.  John  Frederick  Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 
D.S.O.,  son  of  the  late  Lord  Clinton,  age  37.  He  served  in 
the  South  African  War,  and  held  several  staff  appointments, 
including  A.D.C.  to  Lord  Methuen  from  1904  to  1909.  From 
that  year  to  1913  he  served  as  adjutant  of  the  Irish  Guards, 
of  which  he  was  gazetted  temporary  Lieut. -Col.  in  December, 
1914.  On  Aug.  16.  1915,  he  took  up  the  command  of  the 
2oth  Brigade  in  the  famous  7th  Division,  and  led  it  in  the 
successful  attack  upon  Loos. 

Uniacke. — On  March  13,  1915,  Lieut. -Col.  Henry  Percy  Uniacke, 
C.B.,  commanding  2nd  Gordon  Highlanders,  son  of  Capt. 
Uniacke,  of  Laywell,  Devon.  He  had  previously  served  with 
his  regiment  in  the  Tirah  campaign,  being  wounded  and 
mentioned  in  dispatches.  He  was  severely  wounded  in  the 
head  by  shrapnel  on  Oct.  29  in  the  battle  of  Ypres,  but  resumed 
command  of  his  battalion  on  Jan.  26.  He  was  mentioned  in 
Sir  John  French's  dispatches,  and  was  made  C.B. 

Watkins. — Killed  on  Jan.  31,  1015,  I,ieut.  Eustace  Arundel  de 
St.  Barbe  Sladen  Watkins,  2nd  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  K.  A. 
Watkins,  of  Chippenham,  age  26. 

Webb. — Killed  before  Achi  Baba,  on  Aug.  6,  1915,  "  gallantly 
leading  his  men  to  the  attack,"  Lieut.  Gerald  Vernon  Tisdall 
Webb,  2nd  Hampshire  Regt.,  .son  of  the  late  Capt.  W.  W. 
Webb,  I. M.S.,  and  of  Mrs.  Webb,  The  Hermitage,  Exeter. 

Whipple. — -Died  on  Nov.  24,  1914,  from  wounds  received  on 
the  2oth,  Capt.  Herbert  Council  Whipple,  ist  Devon  Regt., 
son  of  Connell  Whipple,  of  Plymouth,  age  35.  He  served  in 
the  South  African  War,  and  was  present  at  the  relief  of  Lady- 
smith,  and  at  the  actions  at  Colenso,  Spion  Kop,  and  Laings 
Nek.  He  received  the  Queen's  medal  with  four  clasps  and 
the  King's  medal  with  two  clasps. 


Fight  the  Good   Fight  ! 

Hurrah  !    for  dear  Old  England  ! 

Come,  Britons,  one  and  all. 
Strike  on,  strike  hard,  strike  home,  strike  sure. 

Till  War  himself  shall  fall  ; 
Fight  on,  keep  heart,  look  up,  be  firm. 

And  never  once  forget 
That  Heaven  proclaims  this  God-stamped  truth, 

"  The  Right  shall  conquer  jTt." 

E.  Capern,  Poems. 


22  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

For    Dartymoor. 

(Reprinted  by  the  special  permission  of  the  proprietors  of   Punch.) 

Now  I  be  man  ov  Dartymoor, 
Grim  Dartymoor,  grey  Dartymoor ; 
I  come  vrom  wur  there  bain't  no  war, 

An'  Tavy  be  a-voaming  ; 
I'd  pigs  an'  sheep  an'  lass — Aw  my  ! 
The  beyootifullest  wench  'er  be  ! 
An'  one  vine  day  'er  comes  to  I, 
An'  zays — "  My  Jan,"  'er  zays, — "  lukee  ! 

To  France  yu  must  be  roaming  ! 
Vur  Devon  needs  her  sons  again  ; 
Her  du  be  rousing  moor  an'  fen  ; 
An'  yu  must  fight  wi'  Devon  men 

Vur  Dartymoor,  your  Dartymoor  !  " 

I  zays,  zays  I,  "  Leave  Dartymoor  ? 
Grim  Dartymoor,  grey  Dartymoor  ? 
Wliy,  lass,"  I  zays,  "  whativer  vor, 

While  Tavy  be  a-voaming  ? 
While  pigs  be  pigs,  an'  'earts  be  true; 
An'  market  prices  purty  vair  ; 
Why  should  'un  go  an'  parley-voo  ?  " 
'Er  zays,  "  'Cuz  yu  be  waanted  there  ! 

That's  why  yu  must  be  roaming  ! 
Vur  Devon  needs  her  sons  again  ; 
Her  du  be  rousing  moor  an'  fen  ; 
An'  yu  must  fight  wi'  Devon  men 

Vur  Dartymoor,  my  Dartymoor  ! 

"  Ef  yu  woan't  fight  vur  Dartymoor, 
Grim  Dartymoor,  grey  Dartymoor, 
Things  shall  be  as  they  wur  avore 

Us  courted  in  the  gloaming !  " 
'Er  zays,  an'  left  me  arl  alone, 
A-thinking  over  what  'er  zaid, 
Till  arl  wa$  plain  as  Dewar  Stone — 
I  zays  to  Dad,  "  Mind  pigs  is  fed. 

While  I  be  gone  a-roaming ! 
Vur  Devon  needs  her  sons  again  ; 
Her  du  be  rousing  moor  an'  fen  ; 
An'  I  must  fight  wi'  Devon  men 

Vur  Dartymoor,  our  Dartymoor  !  " 


^z 


CAPTAIN    WILLIAM    PILLAR 

0/  Bri.vham,  Devon. 


Captain  William  Pillar — A  Devon  Hero  23 


Captain     William     Pillar. 

A    DEVON    HERO. 

Devonians  in  London  held  a  memorable  gathering  on  Saturday 
night,  January  30,  1915,  when  a  very  large  company  assembled 
to  do  honour  to  the  skipper  of  the  Brixham  trawler  Provident, 
who,  with  his  crew  of  three,  rescued  seventy-one  survivors  of 
the  battleship  Formidable,  which  was  sunk  in  the  Channel  by 
enemy  submarines  on  New  Year's  Day.  Glowing  tributes  to 
Captain  Pillar's  bravery  were  paid  by  the  Right  Hon.  George 
Lambert.  M.P.,  Civil  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  who  presided,  and 
by  Colonel  Burn,  M.P.,  who  supported  him.  The  London 
Devonian  Association,  which  had  organized  for  the  occasion  a 
patriotic  Bohemian  concert  in  aid  of  the  Devon  County  Patriotic 
Fund,  expressed  its  admiration  in  an  illuminated  address. 

The  announcement  that  the  captain  and  crew  of  the  trawler 
are  to  receive  at  the  hands  of  the  King  the  silver  medal  for 
gallantry  in  saving  life  at  sea,  and  also  substantial  monetary 
reward  from  the  Admiralty,  was  loudly  cheered. 

Many  men  in  khaki  sat  among  the  Devon  men  and  women, 
whose  patriotic  feeUngs  were  deeply  stirred  by  the  main  incident 
of  the  evening.  A  large  contingent  of  the  Devon  Regiment  sat 
in  the  gallery,  and  they  were  not  the  least  demonstrative  in 
rendering  honour  to  their  comrade  of  the  sea.  During  the 
evening  a  collection  was  taken  for  the  Devon  County  Patriotic 
Fund.  Captain  Pillar  was  pressed  for  signatures  to  the  portrait 
of  himself  which  was  presented  with  tlie  programme,  and  it 
was  announced  that  he  would  give  autographs  at  half  a  crown 
each  for  the  benefit  of  the  fund. 

Colonel  Clifford  (Chairman  of  the  Association),  extended 
a  welcome  to  Mr.  Lambert,  who,  he  said,  had  come  straight 
from  a  hard-working  desk,  and  had  to  sacrifice  himself  to 
be  there.  Devonians  ought  to  be  proud  that  they  had  such 
distinguished  representatives  of  their  county  at  the  Admiralty 
as  Mr.  Lambert  and  Mr.  Winston  Churchill — for  they  claimed 
Mr.  Churchill  as  a  Devonian.  His  forbears  were  bred  and  born 
in  Devonshire,  and  the  blood  of  Drake  was  in  his  veins. 
(Applause.) 

Mr.  Lambert  acknowledged  the  greeting  of  his  "  fellow 
Devonians,"  and  then  welcomed  Captain  Pillar,  who  took  a 
place  at  his  right  hand  for  a  photograph.  His  appearance  was 
the  signal  for  a  great  outburst  of  cheers. 


24  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


Colonel  Burn,  in  asking  Mr.  Lambert  to  make  the  presentation, 
said  he  was  proud  to  represent  a  Devon  constituency,  and  he 
was  still  prouder,  though  a  Scotsman,  to  have  a  strong  vein  of 
ancient  Devonshire  blood  in  his  veins.  It  was  peculiarly  fitting 
that  on  such  an  occasion  they  should  have  so  distinguished  a 
representative  of  the  Admiralty  as  Mr.  Lambert  present.  The 
high  officials  at  the  Admiralty  were  performing  a  great  work. 
No  regiment  in  this  tremendous  campaign  had  more  distinguished 
itself  than  the  county  regiment  of  Devon.  (Cheers.)  The 
reason  why  they  were  able  to  assemole  so  peacefully  that  night, 
and  able  to  pursue  in  England  their  normal  avocations,  was 
first  of  all  the  work  of  the  British  Navy.  Devonians  knew  the 
part  that  was  being  played  by  the  men  of  their  county  in  the 
navy  as  well  as  in  the  army.  In  the  town  from  which  Captain 
Pillar  came,  Brixham — (cheers) — they  had  the  home  of  the 
trawling  industry,  and  800  men,  fishermen  of  that  place,  were 
serving  in  the  Royal  Navy.  (Cheers.)  As  member  for  the 
division,  he  appreciated  very  highly  the  gallantry  of  the  Brixham 
fishermen.  This  was  not  the  first  time  that  deeds  of  heroism 
had  been  performed  by  Brixham  men,  and  certainly  at  no  time 
had  the  traditions  of  gallantry  been  more  splendidly  upheld  than 
on  this  occasion.  On  his  way  to  that  gathering  he  (Colonel 
Burn)  met  his  old  friend.  Lord  Charles  Beresford,  who  on  learning 
the  nature  of  his  business  said  :  "I  want  you  to  tell  Captain 
Pillar  that  I  am  proud  of  him,  and  more  than  that,  that  the 
whole  of  the  British  Navy  is  proud  of  him."  (Cheers.)  He 
felt  that  to  be  absolutely  true,  for  Captain  Pillar  performed  a 
deed  which  was  not  only  heroic  in  the  way  of  saving  life,  but 
which  brought  safely  to  shore  seventy -one  men  who  would  be 
able  to  do  tneir  duty.     (Cheers.) 

Mr.  Lambert  said  :  "  The  New  Year  was  ushered  in  with 
gloom  ;  the  Formidable  was  sunk  in  the  early  hours  of  the 
morning.  But  there  was  a  glimmer  of  sunlight  for  us  Devonians 
in  that  gloom,  since  it  brought  out  the  fine  seamanship  of  Captain 
Pillar,  who  is  here  this  evening.  Picture  for  yourselves  New 
Year's  morning.  It  is  half-past  nine,  a  heavy  southerly  gale, 
and  big  seas  running.  A  boat  full  of  men  is  sighted,  with  a 
shirt  or  a  scarf  at  the  end  of  an  oar  as  a  signal  of  distress.  Then 
Captain  Pillar  in  his  smack,  seeing  this  boat  in  distress,  had 
to  close  reef  his  mainsail,  shift  over  his  jib,  and  then  had  lost 
sight  of  the  boat.  He  made  on  to  the  course  on  which  the  boat 
had  drifted,  sent  his  third  hand — there  were  but  four  on  board — 
aloft  to  sight  the  boat.  The  boat  was  sighted.  Three  times 
after  he  got  near  they  threw  the  line  ;  three  times  they  failed. 
The  fourth  time  they  were  more  successful.     They  reached  the 


Captain  William  Pillar— A  Devon  Hero  25 

boat,  but  on  the  weather  side.  Then  with  fine  skill  they  brought 
round,  and  got  the  rope  to  the  leeward,  fastened  it  to  the  capstan, 
and  brought  sixty-nine  sailors  and  two  petty  officers,  seventy- 
one  in  all,  on  board  the  smack.  (Cheers.)  The  last  two  were 
hurt,  and  had  to  be  carried  aboard.  Then  came  a  battle  with 
the  seas  for  six  hours  more.  It  was  one  o'clock  ;  at  seven  o'clock 
they  reached  Brixham,  where  these  men  were  looked  after. 
Official  reports,  as  you  may  know,  do  not  err  on  the  side  of 
luxuriant  eloquence,  but  here  is  the  official  record  of  the  deed 
done  by  Captain  Pillar  and  his  men,  and  I  can  add  nothing  to  it  : 
'  The  rescue  was  only  effected  by  careful  and  splendid  seaman- 
ship, and  not  without  danger  to  the  smack.  An  error  of  half 
the  ship's  length  would  have  swamped  or  crushed  the  boat, 
which  was  already  holed  in  several  places  and  kept  afloat  by 
baling  with  sea  boots  and  clothing,  and  even  a  leg  and  arm 
stuffed  into  the  holes.  The  small  boat  was  cut  adrift  and  sank 
almost  immediately.' 

"  Such  was  the  state  of  the  boat  from  which  these  seventy-one 
were  taken  safely  off  by  the  smack  Provident.  As  Colonel  Burn 
has  so  well  said,  they  saved  seventy-one  sailors.  The  navy  is 
grateful  to  them,  and  you  and  we  all — I  speak  not  as  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Admiralty — have  reason  to  be  grateful  to  the 
navy.  They  are  doing  their  work,  not  boastfully,  but  calmly 
and  confidently,  silently,  and  well.  From  the  top  to  the  bottom, 
from  the  veteran  First  Sea  Lord,  who  has  been  called  from  his 
retirement,  and  who  now  directs  Britain's  naval  might,  whose 
genius  is  largely  responsible  for  its  force  and  efficiency  to-day — 
from  him  down  to  the  humble  stoker,  without  whose  perspiring 
efforts  even  the  mightiest  warship  would  be 

'  As  idle  as  a  painted  ship 
Upon  a  painted  ocean  ' 

— the  navy  is  protecting  our  commerce  and  our  food,  the  very 
life-blood  of  our  country  ;  the  navy  is  enabling  us  to  send  across 
to  France  or  to  various  parts  of  the  British  Empire,  or  to  bring 
from  distant  portions  of  the  empire,  men  who  are  fighting  the 
empire's  battles  in  Flanders  or  elsewhere.  There  are  Devonians 
in  the  navy,  and  we  Devonians  are  proud  of  the  navy  from 
hereditary  pride.  There  were  Devonians  in  the  North  Sea  last 
Sunday,  when  Admiral  Beatty  brilliantly  foiled  that  cultured 
and  courageous  German  purpose  of  butchering  more  babies,  and 
wounding,  maiming,  and  killing  more  women  and  old  men. 
There  were  Devonshire  men  there  then.  The  Blucher  did  not 
go  back  to  Germany,  and  I  can  con<:eive  of  nothing  (excuse  my 
strong  language)  nearer  hell  than  being  on  board  a  warship 
battered  by  superior  force.     Imagination  boggles  at  it. 


26  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

"  But  it  is  not  only  in  the  navy,  it  is  across  the  narrow  Channel 
in  Flanders,  amid  those  mud-soaked  trenches,  that  the  Devon 
soldiers  are  doing  their  duty  as  Devon  soldiers  always  do.  I 
take  this  line  from  an  officer's  letter  from  the  front  :  '  The  Devons 
were  perfectly  wonderful — no  humans  could  have  done  more.' 
I  am  glad  we  have  here  to-night  a  private  in  the  1st  Devons, 
invalided  home,  who  has  fought  in  the  trenches  in  Flanders. 
(Cheers.)  It  is  my  privilege  to  present  this  memento  of  our 
esteem  to  Captain  Pillar.*  It  is  a  token  of  the  gratitude  of  the 
London  Devonians.  But  next  week  there  will  be  a  wider  and 
a  higher  honour  conferred  upon  him  and  his  men.  His  Majesty 
the  King  has  been  graciously  pleased  to  award  to  William  Pillar, 
William  Carter,  John  Clarke,  and  Dan'l  Taylor — (laughter,  amid 
which  the  speaker  remarked  that  he  had  almost  expected  to 
come  to  'Uncle  TomCobleigh') — the  silver  medal  for  gallantry  in 
saving  life  at  sea.  (Loud  cheers.)  The  King  intends  to  present 
those  medals  himself  a  week  to-day,  and,  as  a  tangible  reward 
from  the  Admiralty,  at  the  same  time  will  be  presented  to 
Captain  Pillar  £250,  William  Carter  ;^100,  John  Clarke,  £100, 
and  little  Dan'l  £50.  (Cheers.)  Captain  Pillar,  I  ask  you  to 
accept  this  address  as  a  token  of  the  admiration  of  the  London 
Devonians,  and  as  a  mark  of  their  lasting  gratitude."     (Cheers.) 

The  address  was  then  read  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Shawyer,  the  hon. 
secretary,  and  received  by  Captain  Pillar  amid  a  scene  of  great 
enthusiasm. 

The  recipient  acknowledged  the  gift  in  these  simple  words  : 
"  I  am  no  speaker  :  I  am  only  a  Brixham  fisherman.  I  am 
glad  you  appreciate  that  I  have  done  my  duty." 

The  short  speech  was  loudly  cheered. 

The  details  of  the  programme  as  arranged  were  as  follows, 
there  being  several  encores  : — 

Part  I. — Selections  by  Almeda  Orchestra,  under  the  direction 
of  Mr.  Alfred  Growtage  ;  solo,  the  National  Anthem,  Miss 
Marion  Battishill  ;  song,  "  The  Land  Between  the  Seas,"  Miss 
Marion  Battishill  (Plymouth)  ;  Devonshire  dialect  recital, 
"  Jan's  Cricket  Match,"  Mr.  Charles  Wreford  (Poltimore)  ;  song, 
(a)  "  The  Lass  of  Lydford  Down,"  {b)  "  Devon  for  Me," 
Mr.  Frank  Webster  (Exmouth)  ;  humorous  sketch,  "  My 
Marriage."  Mr.  Ben  Lawes  ;  song,  "  Impressions,"  Miss  NeUie 
Perryer  ;  song,  "  Heart  of  Oak,"  Mr.  Clay  Thomas  ;  humorous 
sketch,  "  Faust  Up-to-date,"  Mr.  Ben  Osborne  ;  song,  "  Land 
of  Hope  and  Glory,"  Miss  Trilby  Small  (Barnstaple)  ;  some 
experiments  in  sleight  of  hand  by  Mr.  Herbert  Collings. 

*  See  Frontispiece. 


Captain  William  Pillar — A  Devon  Hero  27 


Part  II. — The  National  Anthems  of  the  AlHes  by  the 
Orchestra  ;  song,  "  The  Garden  of  Your  Heart,"  Miss  Marion 
Battishill  ;  duet,  "  Conversations,"  Miss  NeUie  Perryer  and 
Mr.  Ben  Osborne  ;  song,  "  Drake's  Drum,"  Mr.  Frank  Webster  ; 
song,  "  Are  we  Downhearted  ?  "  Miss  Nellie  Perryer  ;  song, 
"  Three  Jolly  Fishermen,"  Mr.  Clay  Thomas  ;  humorous  sketch, 
"  All  about  Love,"  Mr.  Ben  Lawes  ;  song,  "  Lovely  Devon 
Rose,"  Miss  Trilby  Small  ;  Devonshire  dialect  recital,  "  The 
Orytorio,"  Mr.  Charles  Wreford  ;  "  Auld  Lang  Syne."  The 
accompanist  was  Mr.  Harry  Collman. 

Among  those  present  were  the  following  members  of  the 
committee  :  Alderman  C.  Pinkham,  J. P.,  C.C.  (Plympton), 
Brondesbury,  N.W.  (chairman)  ;  Mr.  R.  Pearse  Chope,  B.A. 
(Hartland),  (deputy-chairman)  ;  Professor  W.  S.  Abell  (Ex- 
mouth),  Messrs.  G.  E.  Bridgeman  (Ugborough),  J.  B.  Burlace 
(Brixham),  Norman  Champion  (Shaldon),  G.  W.  Davey  (Sampford 
Spiney),  J.  Donald  (Three  Towns  Association),  H.  H.  M.  Hancock 
(Barumites),  W.  Inman  (Stoke  Gabriel),  J.  W.  McCormack.  J. P. 
(Plymouth),  F.  A.  Perry  (Tiverton),  John  Ryall  (Exeter  Club), 
J.  Summers  (Ottregians),  J.  H.  Taylor  (Northam),  Robert 
Yandle  (Tivertonian  Association),  Mr.  J.  W.  Shawyer  (West 
Buckland  O.B.A.),  Mr.  H.  B.  Squire  (Torrington),  Mr.  W.  H. 
Smart  (Plymouth),  (hon.  secretary  of  the  Entertainment  Com- 
mittee), and  Mr.  N.  Cole  (Salcombe)  (chairman  of  the  Entertain- 
ment Committee). 

Several  were  present  from  Brixham  in  addition  to  Capt. 
Pillar,  who  was  the  guest  of  Mr.  J.  B.  Burlace.  The  party 
included  Mrs.  and  Miss  Winifred  Burlace,  Miss  A.  Clare,  Mr. 
Cecil  Fox,  Mr.  A.  L.  Hannaford,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Newman,  Mrs. 
Almond,  Miss  Crees,  Miss  Gregory,  Miss  B.  Dugdal!,  and  Mr.  H.  M. 
Smardon  (hon.  secretary  of  the  Brixham  Torbay  Royal  Regatta 
Committee  and  the  ex-president  of  the  Devon  Rugby  Union). 


Hearts    of    Oak. 

Still  Britain  shall  triumph,  her  ships  plough  the  sea. 
Her  standard  be  justice,  her  watchword  '  Be  free.' 
Then,  cheer  up,  my  lads,  with  one  heart  let  us  sing 
Our  soldiers,  our  sailors,  our  statesmen,  our  King. 
Hearts  of  oak  are  our  ships,  hearts  of  oak  are  our  men. 

We  always  are  ready. 

Steady,  boys,  steady. 
We'll  fight  and  we'll  conquer  again  and  again. 

David  Garrick. 


28  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


Devon    Men. 


(Reprinted  by  the  special  permission  of  the  proprietors  of  Fundi.) 
Froini  Bideford  to  Appledore  the  meadows  lie  aglow 
With  kingcup  and  buttercup  that  flout  the  summer  snow  ; 
And  crooked-back  and  silver-head  shall  mow  the  grass  to-day^ 
And  lasses  turn  and  toss  it  till  it  ripen  into  hay  ; 
For  gone  are  all  the  careless  youth  did  reap  the  land  of  yore, 

The  lithe  men  and  long  men, 

The  brown  men  and  strong  men, 
The  men  that  hie  from  Bideford  and  ruddy  Appledore. 

From  Bideford  and  Appledore  they  swept  the  sea  of  old 
With  cross-bow  and  falconet  to  tap  the  Spaniard's  gold  ; 
They  sped  away  with  dauntless  Drake  to  traffic  on  the  Main, 
To  trick  the  drowsy  galleon  and  loot  the  treasure  train  ; 
For  fearless  were  the  gallant  hands  that  pulled  the  sweeping  oar, ; 

The  strong  men,  the  free  men. 

The  bold  men,  the  seamen, 
The  men  that  sailed  from  Bideford  and  ruddy  Appledore. 

From  Bideford  and  Appledore  in  craft  of  subtle  grey 
Are  strong  hearts  and  steady  hearts  to  keep  the  sea  to-day ; 
So  well  may  fare  the  garden  where  the  cider-apples  bloom, 
And  Summer  weaves  her  colour-threads  upon  a  golden  loom  ; 
For  ready  are  the  tawny  hands  that  guard  the  Devon  shore, 

The  cool  men,  the  bluff  men. 

The  keen  men,  the  tough  men, 
The  men  that  hie  from  Bideford  and   ruddy  Appledore  ! 


^? 


{^Photo  hy  Jlisteif,  42,  Baker  Street,   IF) 

WILLIAM    HAYMAN    CUMMINGS,    MUS.D.  (Dub).  F.S.A. 

Formerly  principal  of  the  GuiUhall  School  0/  Music  ; 
y ice- President  0/  the  London  Devonian  Association. 


WillMm  Hayman  Cnmmtngs  29 

William    Hayman  Cummings, 

Hon.  Mus.  D.,  Dub.,  Hon.  R-A.M.,  F.S.A. 
By  Dr.  T.  LEA  SOUTHGATE. 

(Reprinted  by  permission  from  Musical  News.) 

William  Hayman  Cummings  was  born  August  22,  1831,  at 
the  pretty  village  of  Sidbury,  Devon,  the  home  of  his  family  for 
long  past.  Shortly  afterwards  his  parents  removed  to  London. 
The  musical  aptitude  of  the  boy  becoming  apparent,  at  the  early 
age  of  six  he  was  placed  in  the  choir  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  at 
that  time  governed  by  the  terrible  William  Hawes,  Master  also 
of  the  Choristers  of  H.M.  Chapels  Royal.  The  boys  were 
boarded  in  Adelphi  Terrace,  and  Cummings  went  to  the  City 
School  of  the  Corporation.  Five  years  later  he  became  attached 
to  the  Temple  Church,  studying  the  organ  under  Dr.  E.  J. 
Hopkins  so  satisfactorily  that  at  the  age  of  seventeen  he  was 
appointed  organist  at  Waltham  Abbey.  It  was  here  that  the 
young  musician  made  the  now  universally  used  Christmas  tune, 
"  Hark  !  the  Herald  Angels  Sing,"  from  a  subject  by  Mendelssohn 
in  his  "  Festgesang  " — "  Vaterland."  At  that  period  it  was  quite 
common  to  adapt  favourite  themes  for  church  use.  Weber's 
"  Softly  Sighs  "  was  employed,  and  Goss  made  an  excellent 
chant  from  the  slow  movement  of  Beethoven's  "  A  "  symphony. 
"  Lo,  He  Comes  "  was  another  example  of  early  nineteenth 
century  treatment  for  church  use.  With  a  keen  appreciation  of 
fitness,  the  youthful  organist  saw  how  well  the  melody  would  go 
to  the  old  revered  hymn,  and  his  adaptation  enjoys  wide  accept- 
ance. A  pleasing  remembrance  of  Cummings'  connection  with 
the  composer  of  "  Elijah  "  was  preserved  in  the  form  of  Mendels- 
sohn's visiting  card,  which  he  signed  and  gave  to  the  youth  who 
sang  with  the  altos  on  the  performance  of  the  work  at  Exeter 
Hall,  on  April  18,  1847.  Later  on  his  voice  becoming  settled,  he 
re-entered  the  Temple  Choir,  and  after  some  time  became  a  lay 
vicar  at  Westminster  Abbey  and  a  Gentleman  of  the  Chapel 
Royal.  All  this  was  indeed  an  education  carried  on  in  that  most 
famous  of  all  our  music  schools,  the  Cathedrals,  the  nursery  of  so 
many  of  our  notable  Enghsh  musicians  for  ages  past.  To  J.  W. 
Hobbs,  an  admirable  singer  and  composer  of  several  popular 
songs,  Cummings  was  apprenticed,  Teaming  much  from  him  in 
purity  of  tone,   clearness  of  enunciation,   and  the  expression 


30  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 6 

which  distinguished  his  singing  in  church  and  in  the  concert- 
room.  Later  came  some  study  under  Randegger,  Thanks  to 
all  this  methodical  culture,  the  young  tenor  soon  arrived,  and  for 
many  years  he  held  a  prominent  place,  not  only  in  London,  but 
likewise  at  the  Three  Choirs  and  other  provincial  Festivals.  His 
musicianship  was  put  to  the  test  at  Birmingham  in  1864,  when 
he  was  called  upon  to  take  the  place  of  Mario,  singing  at  sight 
in  Sulhvan's  "  Kenilworth,"  a  performance  which  drew  from  the 
composer  quite  a  remarkable  testimonial  to  the  artistic  insight 
and  skill  of  the  young  singer.  Sterndale  Bennett  wrote  the 
tenor  part  in  the  "  Woman  of  Samaria  "  especially  for  him.  In 
America  he  met  with  so  much  success  when  engaged  for  the 
Handel  and  Haydn  Festival  at  Boston  in  1871,  that  he  was  sub- 
sequently encouraged  to  make  a  tour  in  the  States  with  a 
quartette  of  notable  English  singers.  The  visit  of  this  band  in 
1871,  viz..  Miss  Edith  Wynne,  Madame  Patey,  W.  H.  Cummings, 
and  Lewis  Thomas,  was  an  admitted  revelation  to  the  Americans 
as  to  what  the  best  English  concerted  vocal  music  was  like. 
Owing  to  the  frequent  illnesses  of  Sims  Reeves,  the  rising  tenor 
was  constantly  called  upon  to  take  his  place  ;  a  special  instance 
was  that  in  1866,  when  he  sang  in  place  of  Reeves  at  all  the 
Norwich  Festival  performances  of  that  year.  In  1872  he  took 
part  in  a  memorable  performance  of  Bach's  "  Passion,"  given  at 
Westminster  Abbey  ;  some  years  later  he  acted  as  Precentor  and 
Conductor  of  the  services  at  St.  Anne's,  Soho,  a  church  where 
Bach's  music  is  made  a  special  feature.  He  urged  the  perform- 
ance of  "  St.  Matthew's  Passion  "  at  one  of  the  Novello  Oratorio 
series  carried  on  in  1870,  and  which  may  be  characterized  as  the 
modern  setting  off  of  the  vocal  works  of  the  great  contrapuntist. 
During  all  these  years  Cummings  was  a  prominent  member  of 
several  of  the  old  Glee  and  Madrigal  Societies.  For  these  bodies 
he  composed  quite  a  large  number  of  part-songs,  glees,  madrigals, 
and  catches,  several  winning  prizes  offered  by  the  executives  ;  a 
choice  example  is,  "  O  Thou  Sweet  Bird,"  written  in  1850.  His 
vocal  experience  has  been  extensive  beyond  church  services.  He 
sang  in  opera  at  Drury  Lane,  the  Gaiety  Theatre,  and  frequently 
at  Manns's  famous  Saturday  Crystal  Palace  Concerts,  and  at 
the  Shakespeare  Tercentenary  Festival  at  Stratford-on-Avon  in 
"  As  You  Like  It."  He  was  the  tenor  in  Leslie's  opera,  "  Ida," 
Randegger's  "  Rival  Beauties,"  and  in  the  performance  of  Men- 
delssohn's "  Son  and  Stranger,"  given  by  the  New  Philharmonic 
under  Dr.  Wylde  ;  and  he  created  the  tenor  parts  in  Smart's 
"  Bride  of  Dunkerron,"  Randegger's  "  Fridolin,"  and  Hiller's 
"  Nala  and  Damayanti."  So  much  for  Cummings'  career  as  a 
public  and  successful  vocalist. 


I  William  Hayman  Cummings  31 

With  his  appointment  as  Professor  of  Singing  at  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Music,  in  1879,  commenced  a  new  phase  of  his  life. 
There  he  taught  with  success  until  1896,  when  he  was  called  upon 
to  direct  the  music  at  the  Guildhall  School  of  Music,  established 
by  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  London  ;  the  post  became 
vacant  by  the  death  of  Sir  Joseph  Barnby.  Prior,  however,  to 
this  change,  he  had  been  teaching  singing  at  the  Royal  Normal 
College  for  the  Blind,  Upper  Norwood,  and  had  acted  as  chorus 
master  and  afterwards  conductor  of  the  Sacred  Harmonic 
Society,  then  in  its  decline,  on  the  death  of  Costa.  The  Com- 
mittee, considering  that  the  mission  of  the  famous  old  Society 
was  accomplished,  dissolved  it.  While  at  the  R.A.M.  Cum- 
mings, thanks  to  his  excellent  method,  may  be  said  to  have 
created  many  singers,  who  have  since  attained  eminence.  Not 
.  only  did  he  carry  to  the  City  establishment  this  ripened  experi- 
ence, but  having  been  on  the  Academy  Committee  of  Manage- 
ment, he  also  brought  with  him  business  aptitude  with  a  wide 
knowledge  of  music  and  men,  not  the  least  of  the  advantages 
the  City  reaped  in  the  new  appointment. 

Besides  these  busy  phases  of  a  musician's  life,  there  were 
other  spheres  of  work  in  which  Cummings'  remarkable  activity 
and  usefulness  were  displayed.  For  a  considerable  time  he  was 
Orchestral  Director  of  the  Philharmonic  Society,  acting  as 
Treasurer  up  to  his  death.  It  requires  much  knowledge  and 
tact  to  manage  a  body  of  this  sensitive  nature.  In  this  respect 
Cummings  was  always  singularly  successful.  Ever  courteous, 
considerate,  and  kind,  I  can  truly  say  I  have  met  with  no  one 
more  diplomatic,  able  to  smooth  difficulties,  and  work  for  a 
satisfactory  outcome  than  he  whom  we  mourn  ;  such  is  a  gift 
possessed  but  by  few.  He  had  a  great  affection  for  the  Royal 
Society  of  Musicians,  of  which  benevolent  association  he  had 
been  Treasurer  for  years  past,  giving  up  much  time  to  its  affairs, 
and  going  to  town  regularly  every  Sunday  evening  (the  appointed 
meeting  time  in  the  Royal  Charter)  to  see  to  the  business  con- 
nected with  the  Society.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  Purcell 
Society,  formed  in  1876,  to  publish  and  perform  our  great  musi- 
cian's works,  several  of  which  he  edited.  Cummings  was  one 
of  the  group  responsible  for  the  institution  of  the  Incorporated 
Society  of  Musicians  ;  he  devoted  much  time  and  attention  to 
the  affairs  of  this  national  association.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Musical  Association,  and  read  a  number  of 
papers  before  that  learned  body.  On  the  retirement,  from  ill- 
health,  of  Sir  Hubert  Parry,  Dr.  Cummings  was  elected  President 
of  the  Society,  and  up  to  quite  recently  attended  and  took  part 
in  the  discussions  carried  on  after  the  papers  were  read.     His 


32  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

investigations  into  the  music  of  the  past,  especially  English 
music,  to  which  may  be  added  his  admiration  of  Handel  and  his 
works,  secured  for  him  the  distinction  of  the  Fellowship  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries.  By  way  of  acknowledgment  of  his 
contributions  to  the  notable  Music  Loan  Exhibition  in  1904, 
promoted  by  the  Worshipful  Company  of  Musicians,  and  a  Lec- 
ture, "  Our  EngUsh  Songs,"  delivered  at  the  time,  he  received 
the  Freedom  of  this  ancient  City  Guild.  Finally,  it  should  be 
recorded  that  in  1900  he  had  conferred  on  him  the  distinction  of 
Mus.D.,  Hon.  Causa,  by  the  University  of  Dublin,  a  generous 
public  acknowledgment  of  the  long  services  he  had  in  so  many 
ways  rendered  to  the  art  of  music. 

There  remains  one  more  feature,  and  that  an  important  one 
in  the  long  career  of  William  Cummings,  that  has  to  be  chron- 
icled, viz.,  the  creative  side  of  his  musicianship  and  his  literary 
output.  Mention  has  already  been  made  of  some  of  his  vocal 
works.  Though  most  of  these  were  written  long  ago,  they  are 
not  forgotten  ;  some  of  his  sacred  music  is  still  heard  in  our 
cathedrals  and  churches.  Perhaps  the  most  important  of  his 
works  is  the  cantata,  "  The  Fairy  Ring,"  produced  in  1872,  still 
in  favour  with  our  choral  societies.  His  music  invariably  dis- 
plays the  cultivated,  imaginative,  and  refined  musician.  An 
important  text-book  is  "  The  Rudiments  of  Music,"  written  for 
the  Novell©  Primer  series.  This  has  found  such  wide  acceptance 
that  it  has  been  translated  into  several  languages. 

In  the  realm  of  what  may  be  termed  pure  literature,  Dr. 
Cummings'  output  ranks  important,  for  he  was  always  a  pains- 
taking, earnest  searcher  after  facts,  and  knew  how  to  present 
these  in  a  useful  and  attractive  form.  He  was  an  extensive 
contributor  to  "  Grove's  Dictionary  "  and  •'  The  Dictionary 
of  National  Biography."  A  great  admirer  of  Purcell,  and 
possessing  a  knowledge  of  his  music  of  various  types  that 
perhaps  no  one  else  can  claim,  he  has  given  us  a  character- 
istic "  Life  of  Purcell  "  in  the  Great  Musicians  series,  revealing 
much  historically  not  before  known.  His  book  on  the  source 
of  our  National  Anthem,  "  God  Save  the  King,"  tells  all  that 
can  be  discovered  on  that  vexed  question  of  authorship.  "  Rule 
Britannia  "  and  the  "  Life  of  Arne  "  must  likewise  be  cited  as  a 
contribution  to  the  national  music  history  of  our  land.  Lastly 
should  be  mentioned  a  useful  "  Biographical  Dictionary  of 
Musicians."  It  must  have  taken  a  long  time  and  much  labour 
to  have  got  together  the  hundreds  of  names  and  dates  in  this 
handbook. 

What  a  busy,  tireless  life  all  this  widespread  activity  reveals  ! 
What  a  lesson  of  industry  it  teaches  to  not  a  few  !     Cummings 


WiUiam  Hayman  Cummings  33 

was  a  fluent,  ready  speaker,  always  happy  in  expression. 
Despite  multifarious  close  duties  he  found  time  to  do  a  consider- 
able amount  of  lecturing  ;  notable  were  the  series  he  gave  at  the 
Royal  Institution  of  Great  Britain  in  1894,  and  at  the  London 
Institution  in  1900.  He  seems  to  have  belonged  to  nearly  all 
our  societies  connected  with  music.  He  was  an  Hon.  R.A.M., 
Vice-President  R.C.O.,  and  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Musical 
Studies  of  the  University  of  London  ;  he  served  the  office  of 
President  of  the  Union  of  Graduates  in  Music  in  1904,  and  that 
of  the  Incorporated  Stal^-Sight-Singing  College,  1905.  It  may 
be  added  that  he  was  often  called  upon  to  act  as  judge  at 
Competition  Festivals,  a  duty  he  was  peculiarly  fitted  for,  owing 
to  his  long  experience,  exact  taste,  and  acquaintance  with 
music  of  all  types. 

Of  the  results  of  Dr.  Cummings'  rule  at  the  Guildhall  School 
of  Music  from  1896  until  his  retirement  in  1910,  it  is  enough  to 
observe  that  improvements  were  introduced  in  the  methods  of 
tuition,  the  students  were  encouraged  to  take  a  wider  view  of 
the  art,  the  concerts — showing  the  result  of  work — became  of 
much  more  importance,  and  the  number  of  those  studying  there 
increased  largely.  He  was  entertained  at  a  banquet  on  his 
appointment,  a  memorable  gathering  of  musicians  and  friends 
presided  over  by  Sir  Alexander  Mackenzie,  and  having  by  his 
side  Sir  Hubert  Parry,  Sir  John  Stainer,  and  Sir  Frederick 
Bridge.  Sir  Alexander  paid  a  graceful  tribute  to  Cummings' 
work  in  the  past  and  to  his  natural  gifts,  which  peculiarly  fitted 
him  for  the  new  post  at  the  City  School. 

He  said  in  the  course  of  this  :  "-There  is  hardly  a  field  of  our 
Art  in  which  he  has  not  laboured  successfully.  We  know  him 
as  an  artist,  teacher,  conductor,  composer,  antiquary,  and 
musical  historian.  Surely  this  is  an  exceptionally  long  Hst  of 
accomplishments,  gifts,  and  talents,  not  one  of  which  has  been 
allowed  to  lie  fallow,  to  become  rusty  or  blunted  for  want  of 
exercise  !  The  great  City  School  of  Music  is  to  be  congratulated 
on  securing  him  as  chief  administrator." 

In  later  years  Dr.  Cummings  was  again  entertained  and 
honoured  for  a  very  different  cause.  In  1907,  addressing  the 
members  of  the  Incorporated  Society  of  Musicians,  he  considered 
it  his  duty  to  warn  and  expose  a  supposed  royal  but  dangerous 
method  of  acquiring  singing.  The  proprietor  of  this  scheme 
brought  an  action  for  Ubel  against  the  Principal  of  the  G.S.M., 
and  lost  his  case.  The  subsequent  bankruptcy  of  the  unsuccess- 
ful plaintiff  left  Cummings  with  a  very  heavy  bill  of  costs  to  pay. 
However,  a  committee  was  formed,  the  musical  profession  with 
the  Worshipful  Company  of  Musicians  rallied  round  him,  and 

3 


34  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 6 

the  whole  of  the  money  was  raised.  At  a  public  banquet,  pre- 
sided over  by  Dr.  E.  Prout,  the  then  Dublin  University  Professor, 
such  a  gathering  of  musicians  came  together  as  has  certainly 
never  been  seen  before  in  our  country.  It  was  all  a  rightful 
testimony  to  that  fearless  devotion  to  duty  which  characterized 
the  career  of  William  Hayman  Cummings  from  youth  until  his 
death.  An  address  of  thanks  to  him  for  what  he  had  done  was 
signed  by  almost  every  professional  musician  of  note  in  the 
kingdom.  It  was  declared  that  the  cheque  presented  was,  "  For 
the  valuable  services  which  with  exemplary  courage  he  has  ren- 
dered the  community." 

Cummings  married  his  old  teacher,  Hobbs',  daughter,  Clara, 
who  had  for  her  godmother,  Clara  Novello.  It  proved  a  union 
of  deep  and  long  affection.  Mrs.  Cummings  died  only  last  year, 
leaving  a  large  family  to  mourn  her  loss.  Retirement  from 
■official  duties  in  the  City  by  no  means  implied  cessation  of 
activity  on  the  part  of  its  aged  Principal ;  on  the  contrary,  a  good 
•deal  of  important  business  work  was  got  through,  despite  the 
heart  trouble  which  eventually  mastered  him.  Always  a  keen 
student  and  collector,  Dr.  Cummings,  in  the  course  of  his  long 
life,  had  amassed  a  library  probably  the  most  important,  so  far 
as  English  music  is  concerned,  of  any  collection  in  private  hands. 
At  his  pleasant  country  home  in  Dulwich  he  devoted  his  spare 
time  to  research  in  musical  history  and  out-of-the-way  investiga- 
tions, one  of  the  latest  of  these  issues  being  the  explosion  of  the 
Handel  and  Edgware  Blacksmith  myth  as  to  the  popular  harpsi- 
chord piece  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  master.  Now  he  rests  from  his 
multifarious  labours,  leaving  behind  him  a  memory  that  will  be 
cherished  by  all  his  many  friends  who  mourn  his  loss. 


M 


USIC. 


And    what    if    all    of    animated    nature 

Be  but  organic  harps  diversely  fram'd, 

That  tremble  into  thought,  as  o'er  them  sweeps 

Plastic  and  vast,  one  intellectual  breeze, 

At  once  the  Soul  of  each,  and  God  of  All  ? 

S.  T.  Coleridge,  Poems. 


Notes  and  Gleanings  35 


Notes    and    Gleanings. 

The  Hon.  Lionel  Walrond,  M.P. 

The  Hon.  W.  Lionel  Charles  Walrond,  M.P.  for  the  Tiverton 
Division,  President  of  the  Tivertonian  Association,  and  a  Vice- 
President  of  the  London  Devonian  Association,  died  in  Scotland 
on  November  2,  1915,  at  the  age  of  39.  He  was  the  only  son 
of  first  Baron  Waleran,  formerly  Chief  Whip  of  the  Unionist 
party  and  Chancellor  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancashire,  and  was  born 
on  May  22,  1876.  In  1904  he  married  Lottie,  eldest  daughter 
of  George  Coats,  one  of  the  captains  of  British  industry,  and 
there  are  two  sons,  his  heir  being  William  George  Hood  Walrond, 
who  was  born  on  March  29,  1905. 

Although  it  was  not  the  lot  of  Mr.  Walrond  to  fall  upon  the 
field  of  battle,  to  him  nevertheless  belongs  a  share  of  the  honour 
of  those  hundreds  of  Britain's  best  sons  who  have  laid  down 
their  lives  for  the  fair  fame  of  their  country,  and  to  his  name — 
a  name  alread}'  writ  large  on  the  roll  of  the  country's  service — 
is  due  a  place  upon  its  roll  of  honour.  His  life  was  sacrificed 
for  his  country  just  as  truly  as  if  he  had  died  of  wounds  on 
foreign  service.  With  a  heart  greater  than  the  capacity  of 
his  physical  frame,  a  body  never  robust,  and  still  further 
weakened  by  his  appHcation  to  public  work,  he  sought  with 
eagerness  to  take  his  part  in  the.  fight  for  liberty,  and  in  the 
early  days  of  the  war  volunteered  for  service.  No  less  nobly 
minded  and  feeling  no  less  the  imperious  call  of  duty,  his  devoted 
wife  urged  and  encouraged  him.  In  the  meantime  he  threw 
himself  into  the  task  of  recruiting  for  the  army  with  industrious 
zeal,  and  a  month  or  so  later  the  wish  of  his  heart  was  granted 
when  he  received  a  commission  in  the  Army  Service  Corps. 
On  December  12,  1914,  he  sailed  from  Southampton  for  France, 
Mrs.  Walrond  having  in  the  meantime  shouldered  her  share 
of  duty  by  turning  the  family  seat  at  Bradfield  into  a  convalescent 
home  for  soldiers  which  she  personally  superintended.  As 
Mr.  Walrond  said  himself,  rather  by  way  of  disappointment 
and  complaint,  the  A.S.C.  was  not  a  fighting  corps,  but  its 
duties  put  such  an  unaccustomed  tax  upon  his  physique  that 
almost  from  the  first  he  endured  more  than  many  a  robust 
man  would  experience  in  the  actual  fighting  line.  Suddenly 
deprived  of  those  comforts  to  which  his  position  entitled  him 
at  home,  the  exposure  and  anxiety,  the  strain  of  fresh  and 


36  The^Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

arduous  duties  were  an  immense  tax.     Yet  he  endured  bravely 
and  cheerfully. 

An  incipient  throat  trouble,  contracted  as  soon  as  he  got 
out,  did  not  yield  to  treatment,  and  after  about  three  months' 
active  service,  Mr.  Walrond  was  ordered  home  with  acute 
laryngitis.  His  enforced  return  went  much  against  the  grain 
of  his  wishes,  for  his  heart  was  in  his  new  work,  and  he  was 
constantly  chafing  to  be  back  in  France.  Bearing  his  disappoint- 
ment with  characteristic  bravery,  he  set  himself,  under  skilled 
advice  and  assisted  by  the  nursing  of  his  wife,  to  accompUsh 
his  recovery  as  speedily  as  possible.  The  bracing  air  of  Scotland, 
his  wife's  home,  was  tried,  as  were  all  other  means  which  medical 
science  could  suggest.  The  very  anxiety  with  which  he  desired 
his  restoration  to  health  perhaps  fretted  him  and  made  recovery 
more  difficult.  England  has  indeed  lost  a  worthy  son. — Western 
Weekly  News. 

Plymouth's  Librarian. 

It  is  with  the  greatest  regret  that  we  have  to  record  the  death, 
in  his  seventy-first  year,  of  Mr.  Wilham  Henry  Kearly  Wright, 
a  Vice-President  of  the  London  Devonian  Association,  and  for 
many  years  Librarian  of  Plymouth.  He  was  a  fellow  of  the 
Library  Association,  and  for  many  years  a  member  of  its  Council ; 
and  he  was  also  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Historical  Society.  The 
following  account  is  abriged  from  The  Librarian,  of  June,  1915  : 

"  He  had  few  advantages  of  birth  and  early  education  ;  and 
his  parents  were  only  able  to  send  him  for  a  few  years  to  '  the 
Free  School.'  His  first  start  on  the  work  of  life  was  in  the 
Plymouth  Bank  of  Deposit  ;  and  when  its  existence  came  to  an 
end,  he  took  service  at  Millbay  Station,  under  the  old  South 
Devon  Railway  Company. 

"  When  the  railway  servants  formed  a  library,  Mr.  Wright 
was  made  their  librarian  ;  and,  when  a  librarian  was  required 
for  a  Plymouth  Working  Man's  Association,  he  was  found  able 
and  willing  to  undertake  the  duties.  These  were  both  honorary 
appointments  ;  but  when  the  Public  Libraries  Act  was  adopted 
at  Plymouth,  in  1876,  Mr.  Wright  had  his  reward  by  being 
appointed  public  librarian  of  Plymouth,  a  position  he  held 
with  ever-increasing  usefulness  until  the  day  of  liis  death. 
During  the  whole  period  of  its  existence,  Plymouth  Free  Library 
has  been  identified  with  him.  He  it  was  who  made  the  Devon 
and  Cornwall  collection  at  the  Library,  and  he  it  was  who  was 
mainly  instrumental  in  persuading  Mr.  Carnegie  to  give  £15,000 
towards  providing  the  fine  set  of  buildings  for  the  Library  in 
Tavistock  Road. 


Notes  and  Gleanings  37 


"  His  own  literary  labours  have  been  considerable.  He  has 
published  a  good  many  books,  principally  of  an  historical  and 
descriptive  character,  including  the  transactions  of  a  curious 
old  Plymouth  fellowship  called  '  The  Blue  Friars.'  Among 
works  of  wider  interest,  it  may  be  mentioned  that  he  edited 
Gay's  Fables  for  Warne's  '  Chandos  Classics.'  '  The  Western 
Antiquary  '  ran  for  several  years  under  his  guidance.  Taking 
up  the  subject  of  book-plates,  he  formed  a  special  society  in 
1891,  called  the  Ex-Libris  Society,  and  acted  both  as  its 
honorary  secretary  and  as  editor  of  the  Ex-Libris  Journal.  He 
was  also  for  some  years  honorary  secretary  of  the  now  defunct 
United  Devon  Association,  and  editor  of  Devonia,  its  monthly 
organ." 

He  has  been  a  valued  contributor  to  past  numbers  of  the 
Devonian  Year  Book.  In  1912  he  wrote  an  interesting 
article  on  "  Eden  Phillpotts,  Poet  and  Novelist  "  ;  in  1913, 
one  on  "  John  Gay  and  the  '  Beggar's  Opera  '  "  ;  in  1914,  on 
"  Drake  in  History,  Song,  and  Story."  Plymouth  Hoe  in  a 
great  measure  owes  to  him  both  the  Drake  statue  and  the 
Armada  Tercentenary  Memorial. 

He  was  well  known  in  the  West  of  England  as  a  lecturer,  a 
vocalist,  and  an  elocutionist  ;  and  his  stately  figure  and 
sonorous  voice  will  be  especially  missed  from  St.  Andrew's 
Church  choir,  of  which  he  was  its  oldest  member. 

"  Tommy  Bucknill." 

The  Right  Hon.  Sir  Thomas  Townsend  Bucknill,  who  retired 
from  the  Bench  in  February,  1914,  died  on  Oct.  4,  1915,  at 
his  residence,  Woodcote  Lodge,  Epsom.  Familiarly  known  to 
everybody  as  "  Tommy  Bucknill,"  he  was  the  most  popular 
man  at  the  Bar  and  maintained  his  popularity  on  the 
Bench.  He  was  a  son  of  Sir  John  Charles  Bucknill,  the  founder 
of  the  Volunteer  movement,  to  whom  a  national  memorial  was 
erected  on  Northernhay,  E.xeter,  and  he  was  born  at  Exminster 
in  1845.  He  was  called  at  the  Inner  Temple  in  1868,  took  silk 
in  1885,  and  was  Recorder  of  Exeter  from  that  year  until  his 
elevation  to  the  Bench  in  1899.  He  was  well  known  as  a  hard 
rider  to  hounds  ;  he  loved  horses  and  horse  racing  far  better 
than  "  briefs  and  bamboozling,"  as  he  once  summed  up  his 
profession,  and  he  found  his  chief  pleasures  at  his  country  seat 
at  Epsom.  He  was  verj-  fond  of  fishing,  and  described  himself 
as  a  born  poacher.  "  When  I  was  shooting  in  North  Wales  with 
a  member  of  the  Chancery  Bar,"  he  said,  "  I  took  off  my  coat 
and  vest,  and  showed  my  friend  how  to  tickle  trout  in  a  wayside 
stream.     My  movements  were   watched  by   a  local  lad  who 


38  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


accompanied  me  on  our  shoot,  and  the  following  year,  when 
visiting  the  neighbourhood,  I  was  told  the  boy  was  in  prison. 
My  informant  added  :  '  He  saw  you  tickle  trout  last  year.  He 
had  been  doing  it  himself  since,  and  they  caught  him.'  " 

I       n  The  Defender  of  Kimberley. 

The  gallant  defender  of  Kimberley,  Major-General  Robert 
George  Kekewich,  C.B.,  was,  on  Nov.  5,  1914,  found  dead  in 
his  bed  at  his  residence,  Whimple  Rectory,  Devonshire,  a  county 
with  which  his  family  had  been  identified  for  centuries.  He  had 
recently  been  in  a  nursing  home  suffering  from  a  nervous  break- 
down, and  death  was  due  to  a  gunshot  wound  in  the  head. 
Only  two  or  three  weeks  previously  he  had  been  gazetted  a 
Divisional  Commander  in  the  New  Army. 

The  gallant  officer  obtained  his  commission  from  the  Militia 
in  December,  1874,  and  was  posted  to  the  102nd  Foot,  but  was 
transferred  to  the  East  Kent  Regiment  ("  The  Buffs  ")  a  few 
days  later,  and  was  Adjutant  of  the  1st  Battahon  from  1876  to 
1883.  On  promotion  to  substantive  rank  of  Major  in  1890,  he 
transferred  to  the  Royal  Inniskilling  Fusiliers,  and  on  reaching 
the  rank  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  in  1898,  he  was  appointed  to 
command  the  1st  Battalion  Loyal  North  Lancashire  Regiment. 
He  first  saw  active  service  in  the  Perak  Expedition  in  1875-6 
(medal  with  clasp),  and  in  1884-5  he  was  in  the  Soudan,  and 
for  his  services  received  the  medal  with  clasp,  the  bronze  star, 
and  brevet  of  Major.  He  again  saw  service  in  the  Soudan  in 
1888,  when  he  was  present  at  the  action  of  Gamaizah.  At  the 
outbreak  of  the  South  African  War  he  was  stationed  with  his 
regiment  at  the  Cape,  and  was  sent  to  command  the  troops  in 
Kimberley,  where  he  remained  during  the  siege  of  that  town. 
He  afterwards  commanded  a  mobile  column,  and  on  one  occasion 
was  severely  wounded.  For  his  services  he  was  three  times 
mentioned  in  dispatches,  and  received  the  brevet  of  Colonel,  the 
Queen's  medal  with  three  clasps,  the  King's  with  two,  and  the 
C.B.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  war  he  was  promoted  to  Major- 
General  for  Distinguished  Service.  He  was  Colonel  of  "  The 
Buffs  "  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

A  Statue  of  Captain  Scott. 

Mr.  Balfour,  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  unveiled,  on 
November  5,  1915,  at  Waterloo-place,  a  statue,  subscribed  for 
by  officers  of  the  Navy,  in  memory  of  the  late  Captain  Scott. 
The  statue,  which  is  in  bronze  and  shows  the  explorer  in  his 
Arctic  dress,  is  the  work  of  Lady  Scott. 


Notes  and  Gleanings  39 


In  a  short  address,  Mr.  Balfour  said  :  "It  seems  strange, 
perhaps,  to  us  at  tnis  moment  to  have  a  ceremony  in  honour  of 
a  great  sailor,  whose  performances,  from  the  very  nature  of 
the  case,  were  performances  in  times  of  peace,  while  we,  at 
this  moment,  have  but  few  thoughts  for  anything  but  the 
immediate  necessities  of  war.  Yet  it  is  not  a  bad  thing,  even 
at  a  moment  when  the  British  Fleet  is  supporting  the  whole 
of  the  Entente  Powers  in  their  efforts  against  Germany  and 
Austria,  that  we  should  remember,  when  the  Fleet  is  showing 
us  what  it  can  do  in  time  of  war,  how  great  also  have  been  its 
performances  in  times  of  peace,  A  familiar  quotation  tells  us 
that  peace  has  her  victories  as  well  as  war,  and  the  sailor  whose 
great  performance  we  are  here  to  commemorate  was  the  hero 
of  one  of  those  peaceful  victories  which,  nevertheless,  resemble 
the  victories  of  war  more  than  most  victories  of  peace,  in  that 
it  involved  danger,  struggle,  and  an  heroic  death.  What  the 
Fleet  has  done  for  the  safety  of  these  shores,  for  the  greatness 
of  this  Empire,  and  for  freedom  throughout  the  world,  is  a 
commonplace  among  the  English-speaking  peoples.  We  some- 
times are  apt  to  forget  how  much  it  has  done  in  the  unwarhke 
and  yet  most  dangerous  work  of  exploration,  travel,  and  of 
wresting  from  Nature  secrets  most  jealously  held.  Between  the 
place  where  I  am  now  speaking  and  the  Admiralty  only  a  few 
yards  off,  there  are  already  two  statues  erected  by  a  grateful 
country  to  great  explorers.  The  statue  opposite  where  we  are 
standing  is  that  of  Frankhn.  The  statue  nearer  the  Admiralty 
is  that  of  Captain  Cook.  We  are  adding  to  those  two  another 
statue  of  one  full  worthy  to  be  ranked  with  his  compeers. 

"  Captain  Scott  showed  all  the  great  qualities  of  the  British 
sailor,  the  British  explorer,  the  British  man  of  science.  His 
services  to  knowledge  were  great.  He  perished  in  carrying  out 
a  great  work,  and  we  do  well  to  celebrate  his  memory,  and  to 
place  for  perpetual  record  of  his  fame  the  statue  which  I  am 
unveiling.  He  has  one  great  advantage  over,  so  far  as  I  know, 
every  other  man  whose  memory  is  commemorated  by  statues. 
In  most  cases  the  artist  does  not  know  him  whom  he  commemor- 
ates, except  by  reputation,  and  he  struggles  with  great  difficulty 
to  reproduce  from  such  pictures  as  remain,  or  from  the  memory 
of  friends  and  relatives,  a  true  likeness  of  him  whom  he  desires 
to  commemorate.  Captain  Scott  has  had  a  happier  and  far 
rarer  destiny,  for  his  statue  has  been  made  by  Lady  Scott. 
It  was  not  only  loving  hands,  but  an  eye  that  knew,  and  a 
memory  that  recorded  all  that  could  be  seen  and  known  to  her. 
And  we,  who  look  upon  it,  and  those  who  come  after  us,  when 
we  have  departed,  will  be  able  to  look  upon  this  memorial  of 


40  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 6 

Captain  Scott  and  say,  '  Thus  he  appeared  to  those  who  knew 
him  in  hfe.  So  he  was  portrayed  by  one  who  was  united  with 
him  hving  and  has  commemorated  an  immortal  testimony  of 
her  affection  after  his  death.'  This  is  a  rare  work  of  art  ;  it 
has  been  made  in  memory  of  a  man  of  rare  courage  and  rare 
genius." — The  Times. 

Two  Privy  Councillors. 

The  last  Birthday  Honours  list  contained  the  names  of  two 
Devonian  Privy  Councillors,  viz.,  Mr.  Henry  Edward  Duke, 
K.C.,  M.P.,  a  Vice-President  of  the  London  Devonian  Association, 
and  Mr.  Francis  Dyke  Acland,  M.P. 

Mr.  Duke  was  born  near  Plymouth  in  1855,  son  of  the  late 
Mr.  W.  E.  Duke,  quarry  proprietor,  of  Merrivale,  Devon.  In 
1879  he  joined  the  staff  of  The  Western  Morning  News,  and 
shortly  afterwards  represented  that  journal  in  the  Press  gallery 
of  the  House  of  Commons.  He  was  called  to  the  Bar  at  the  age 
of  29,  and  rapidly  made  a  reputation.  He  was  appointed 
Recorder  of  Plymouth  and  Devonport  in  1897,  and  about  a 
year  later  took  silk.  He  has  for  a  number  of  years  past  had 
one  of  the  largest  practices  at  the  Common  Law  Bar.  He  has 
appeared  in  many  famous  cases,  and  is  a  most  formidable  and 
skilful  advocate.  His  successful  political  career  began  as 
Conservative  member  for  Plymouth,  which  he  represented  from 
1900  to  1906.  He  has  represented  Exeter  since  December,  1910, 
and  has  won  the  esteem  of  all  parties  in  the  city  by  his  devotion 
to  its  interests.  On  the  recent  amalgamation  of  Devonport 
with  Plymouth,  Mr.  Duke  voluntarily  relinquished  his  office  of 
Recorder  of  Devonport  without  claiming  compensation  to  which 
he  was  legally  entitled.  The  position  which  he  has  won  in  the 
House  of  Commons  was  recently  recognized  by  his  selection  as 
chairman  of  the  committee  which  is  to  consider  claims  arising 
out  of  the  Government's  control  of  munition  factories  and  the 
regulation  of  public-houses  in  the  areas  where  munitions  are 
manufactured. 

Mr.  Acland  comes  of  a  family  which  has  been  associated  with 
the  representation  of  Devon  and  Cornwall  for  300  years.  His 
father  (the  Right  Hon.  A.  H.  D.  Acland)  was  Minister  for 
Education  in  Mr.  Gladstone's  last  Administration.  At  Balliol 
College,  Oxford,  the  new  Privy  Councillor  took  honours  in  the 
School  of  Modern  History.  From  an  early  age  he  has  displayed 
his  father's  deep  interest  in  education.  In  1900  he  was  appointed 
junior  examiner  in  the  Board  of  Education  at  South  Kensington, 
and  during  three  years'  work  he  helped  to  establish  the  system 
of   secondary   schools.     Yorkshire   owes   much,    in   connection 


Notes  and  Gleanings  41 

with  its  educational  system,  to  his  labours  as  assistant  director 
of  secondary  education.  His  Parliamentary  career  has  been  a 
brilliant  one.  On  entering  Parliament  as  Liberal  member  for 
the  Richmond  Division  of  North  Riding,  he  became  Mr.  (now 
Lord)  Haldane's  private  secretary,  and  in  March,  1908,  was 
appointed  by  Mr.  Asquith  financial  secretary  to  the  War  Office 
and  finance  member  of  the  Army  Council.  Defeat  at  the  poll 
brought  his  tenure  of  these  offices  to  an  end.  He  has  represented 
the  Camborne  Division  of  Cornwall  since  1910.  For  eight  years 
an  officer  in  the  Civil  Service  Rifles,  Mr.  Acland  had  much  to 
do  with  setting  up  the  County  Association  under  the  Territorial 
and  Reserve  Forces  Act.  Prior  to  his  recent  appointment  as 
Secretary  to  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  he  did  valuable  work  at 
the  Foreign  Office  and  the  Treasury. 

Dr.  Macnamar.\  on  the  Devonshire  Regiment. 

At  a  concert  given  in  the  Balham  Assembly  Hall  on  March  20, 
1915,  under  the  auspices  of  the  London  Devonian  Association, 
on  behalf  of  the  Devonshire  Regiment,  the  chair  was  taken  by 
the  Right  Hon.  T.  J.  Macnamara,  LL.D.,  Parhamentary  Sec- 
retary of  the  Admiralty,  who,  although  not  a  Devonian,  was 
brought  up  in  Devonshire,  and  had  been  both  pupil  and  teacher 
in  Exeter  schools. 

He  said  he  accepted  the  invitation  to  preside  with  great 
pleasure  and  in  affectionate  remembrance  of  a  fine  old  regiment 
— the  old  11th  Foot.  To  him — and  he  knew  they  would  not 
mind  his  saying  so — there  was  an  even  greater  regiment — the 
old  47th,  the  Loyal  North  Lancashire  Regiment,  in  which  his 
father  served  twenty-one  years  as  a  private,  corporal,  and 
sergeant — the  regiment  in  which  he  himself  was  bom,  the 
regiment  in  which  one  of  his  two  soldier  sons  was  now  serving. 
The  old  North  Devon  Regiment,  however,  came  next  in  his 
affection,  for  his  father  was  attached  to  the  depot  of  the  old 
nth  Foot  for  many  years  after  the  close  of  his  twenty-one 
years  with  the  Loyal  North  Lancashire,  and  he  himself  was 
brought  up  among  them  as  a  young  fellow.  The  old  11th  had 
never  belied  its  proud  title,  "  Semper  FideHs."  No  matter  how 
grave  the  test,  no  matter  how  heavy  the  odds,  no  matter  how 
prolonged  the  struggle,  the  Devons  had  always  performed  the 
task  allotted  them — performed  it  quietly,  faithfully,  doggedly, 
stubbornly.  No  general  in  the  field  had  ever  reason  to  feel 
anxious  about  the  old  11th. 

Naturally,  they  would  be  interested  to  hear  something  about 
the  history  and  record  of  this  fine  old  corps.  It  was  raised  230 
years  ago  in  the  West  of  England  to  repel  Monmouth's  rebellion. 


42  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

the  Duke  of  Beaufort  being  its  father.  For  a  very  long  time  it 
bore  the  title  of  the  Duke  of  Beaufort's  Musketeers.  The 
regiment  fought  under  the  famous  Duke  of  Marlborough,  who 
was  himself  a  Devon  man.  They  were  in  the  field  with  George  II. 
at  Dettingen.  They  went  through  the  Peninsular  War  with  the 
Duke  of  Wellington,  where  they  greatly  distinguished  themselves. 
They  were  in  the  Afghan  campaign,  1878-9 ;  afterwards  in 
Burma  ;  later  in  the  North- West  Frontier  campaign  of  1895  ; 
and  in  1897  formed  part  of  the  famous  Tirah  Field  Force.  Next 
they  were  in  South  Africa.  As  they  all  knew,  the  Devons  came 
out  of  the  war  with  a  reputation  second  to  none  with  the  British 
Army,  and  he  well  knew  that  in  the  terrible  struggle  which 
began  on  August  4  last,  the  Devons  more  than  sustained  their 
great  reputation.  He  was  sure  the  regiment  had  all  their  good 
wishes  for  the  best  of  good  luck  in  whatever  might  be  before 
them ;  for  if  ever  men  earned  it  and  deserved  it,  they  did. 

Major  Morrison-Bell  a  Prisoner  of  War. 

The  following  extracts  are  from  a  letter  written  by  Major 
Morrison-Bell,  M.P.  for  the  Honiton  Division  of  Devon,  and  a 
Vice-President  of  the  London  Devonian  Association,  from 
Friedberg,  Hessen,  where  he  was  then  a  prisoner  : — 

"  I  suppose  I  am  posted  missing  with  lots  of  others  who  fought 
that  Monday  ;  but,  alas,  most  of  those  will  not  be  heard  from 
again.  Strange  to  say,  except  having  my  back  nearly  broken 
when  the  mines  went  off,  and  having  my  cap  blown  off  later,  I 
got  off  in  a  most  miraculous  way. 

"  I  went  up  with  my  comrades  on  the  left  flank  into  the 
trenches  on  Sunday  afternoon,  after  being  twenty  hours  in 
support  in  a  place  they  called  the  '  keep.'  We  had  to  improve 
some  of  the  loopholes,  and  the  company  worked  splendidly. 
Meanwhile,  one-third  were  on  outposts,  and  kept  up  a  lively 
sniping  all  night.  It  all  seemed  very  peaceful,  and  the  war 
might  have  been  a  hundred  miles  away  instead  of  thirty-five 
yards,  as  it  was  opposite  my  platform. 

"  As  I  was  passing  my  dug-out  the  signaller  said  :  '  There  is 
a  message  just  come  in  for  you.'  It  was  to  say  that  the  Germans 
were  expected  to  attack  in  twenty  minutes,  preceded  by  a  heavy 
bombardment,  and  that  my  trench  had  been  mined,  and  to  let 
the  Coldstreams  know. 

"  Here  was  a  nice  little  bolt  from  the  blue.  I  went  back 
down  the  company,  telling  each  man  personally,  and  told  them 
to  oil  bolts,  and  served  out  three  extra  boxes  of  ammunition, 
which  we  found  there,  and  let  the  Coldstreams  know.     The  men 


Notes  and  Gleanings  43 

were  in  splendid  spirits,  and  soon  got  everything  ready.  In 
fact,  they  were  a  magnificent  company. 

"  A  couple  of  heavy  shells  came  whispering  over  from  our 
guns  and  plumped  into  their  lines,  and  then  all  was  still,  and 
suddenly  an  inferno  began.  A  mine  exploded  a  few  yards  from 
where  I  stood,  but  just  round  the  bend  in  a  trench.  Tons  of 
stuff  seemed  to  come  my  way,  and  I  remember  oending  my 
back  to  try  and  support  the  weight  I  could  sec  falling.  It 
knocked  me  down,  but  I  was  not  buried,  and  still  had  hold  of 
my  revolver.  Simultaneously  with  the  mine  their  guns  started 
shelling  us,  but  chiefly  the  left  end  of  the  company,  I  think,  and 
the  Coldstreams.     But  something  worse  happened. 

"  The  explosion  of  the  mine  was  the  signal  to  the  Germans, 
who  were  not  a  hundred  yards  off,  to  reach  our  trenches.  They 
came  across  in  hundreds,  and  stopped  on  the  edge  of  the  trench 
shooting  down  on  it.  What  could  130  men  do  against  this  ? 
They  did  all  they  could,  and  not  a  man  left  the  trench.  Against 
these  crushing  odds  the  right  flank  fought  wonderfully,  and  the 
men  were  real  heroes.  I  am  afraid  at  least  100  were  killed. 
There  are  thirty-two  with  Sergeant  Young  here.  The  three 
officers,  about  whom  there  seems  no  doubt,  will  be  a  great  loss, 
as  they  were  all  good  'uns. 

"  The  whole  thing  was  over  in  a  quarter  of  an  hour.  Looking 
to  the  left,  where  the  trench  bent  round  a  bit,  you  could  see 
Germans  kneeling  on  the  edges,  and  just  above  I  could  hear 
them  talking.  They  kept  back  as  long  as  there  was  any  firing, 
and  I  managed  to  keep  off  nine  shots  with  my  revolver,  and 
emptied  the  contents  of  a  rifle  I  picked  up.  At  last  there  were 
only  three  men  left  on  my  left,  and  one  by  one  they  were  picked 
off. 

"  I  realized  suddenly  I  was  alone.  I  slipped  down  into  the 
trenches  and  squeezed  against  a  little  alcove  and  waited,  feeling 
in  a  nice  funk.  Two  men  jumped  down  and  covered  me  with 
revolvers,  and  I  said  :  '  Ich  bin  offizier.'  They  were  both  very 
decent,  and  I  felt  I  should  not  be  killed.  They  crossed  to  the 
German  trench,  and  a  shell  burst  over  them  one  man  gave  me 
a  frightful  crack  on  the  face.  Otherwise  they  were  all  very 
decent." — Devon  and  Exeter  Gazette. 

"  Billy  of  Allington,"  V.C. 

The  following  breezy  letter  was  written  by  one  of  our 
Devonian  heroes  to  the  Rector  of  Alwington,  and  published  by 
him  in  the  Hartland  Deanery  Magazine  for  September,  1915  : — 

"  Sir, — I  beg  to  be  excused  the  liberty  I  am  taking  to  write 
to  you.     My  name  is  Wicketts,  I  am  known  to  the  troops  as 


44  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

'  Billy  of  Allington.'  I  was  born  in  Rollestone  Cottage,  above 
Woodtown,  and  I  have  mother,  father,  and  several  sisters  and 
brothers  lying  in  your  churchyard.  I  was  a  little  pale 
faced  boy  of  no  importance  to  anyone,  going  daily  to 
Alwington  school,  but  to-day  I  am  the  proud  possessor  of  a 
breast  you  don't  always  see.  I  joined  the  army  first  in  1890, 
and  was  soon  sent  to  Egypt,  and  afterwards  to  India.  I  went 
through  the  Chitral  Campaign  ;  also  South  Africa,  where  I  was 
awarded  three  medals,  six  fighting  bars  (King's  and  Queen's), 
and  the  Distinguished  Service  Medal.  When  the  War  broke 
out  I  was  living  at  Portsmouth  with  my  wife  and  fi.ve  children, 
but  I  at  once  responded  to  the  call,  although  I  was  clear  from 
the  Army,  and  went  out  with  General  French,  our  grand 
Chief,  where  I  have  been  through  thick  and  thin  up  to  August  7, 
when  I  was  offered  a  few  days'  leave  to  come  home,  and  on 
Wednesday,  18th,  I  am  off  again.  I  suppose  you  know  1  was 
offered  the  V.C,  and  later  on  the  French  Legion  of  Honour, 
in  the  early  days  of  the  war.  I  was  one  of  the  little  band  who 
was  left  behind  to  bring  up  the  rear  on  August  24,  1914, 
of  which  half  has  never  been  told.  Heroes  to  their  last  breath, 
we  had  to  hold  on  against  terrible  odds  until  September  6, 
crossing  the  Seine.  Never  shall  I  forget  Charleroi  !  Now,  Sir, 
are  there  any  more  young  men  about  your  parish  who  have  not 
yet  joined;  if  so,  tell  them  to  come  along,  we  want  them,  there 
are  none  better  able  to  crush  the  murderer  of  dear  little  children 
and  women  than  the  boys  of  Devon,  who,  if  they  only  knew 
what  I  know,  would  soon  be  with  us.  We  who  are  here  are 
doing  our  best ;  we  shall  fight  to  our  last  drop  of  blood,  but  we 
may  not  last  it  out,  someone  must  fill  the  gap.  I  have  a  dear 
wife  and  five  little  children,  but  I  am  prepared  to  die  any  death 
rather  than  German  hands  should  touch  them.  Tell  the  lads 
to  hurry  up,  we  will  help  them  as  far  as  our  experience  goes  ; 
the  boys  of  Devon  are  second  to  none,  fine  fighting  lads,  and  I 
know  the  bells  of  your  church  will  welcome  them  home  again. 
We  want  to  add  more  honours  to  those  already  won,  and  they 
can  do  it  if  they  come  and  try  now.  Sir,  I  have,  I  believe,  one 
married  sister  and  one  brother  at  Bideford  ;  it  may  interest 
them  to  know  I  am  still  alive  and  in  the  best  of  health  and 
spirits,  happy  as  a  sandboy. — I  am,  Sir,  yours  very  truly, 
W,  WiCKETTS,  V.C,  Sergt. -Major." 

Another  North  Devon  V.C. 

One  of  the  youngest  officers  in  the  British  Army  to  receive 
this  distinction  is  Second-Lieutenant  George  Raymond  Dallas 
Moor,  of  the  3rd  Battalion,  the  Hampshire  Regiment,  aged  18. 


Notes  and  Gleanings  45 


He  is  the  second  son  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Moor,  late  Auditor-General 
of  the  Transvaal,  and  Mrs.  Moor,  of  St.  Berwyns,  Braunton. 
The  official  announcement  states  that  he  was  awarded  the 
Victoria  Cross  "  for  most  conspicuous  bravery  and  resource  on 
June  5,  19K5,  during  operations  south  of  Krithia,  Dardanelles. 
When  a  detachment  of  a  battalion  on  his  left,  which  had  lost 
all  its  officers,  was  rapidly  retiring  before  a  heavy  Turkish  attack, 
Second-Lieut.  Moor,  immediately  grasping  the  danger  to  the 
remainder  of  the  line,  dashed  back  some  200  yards,  stemmed 
the  retirement,  led  back  the  men,  and  recaptured  the  lost  trench. 
This  young  officer,  who  only  joined  the  Army  in  October,  1914, 
by  his  personal  bravery  and  presence  of  mind  saved  a  dangerous 
situation."  During  the  action  he  was  for  eleven  hours  under 
continuous  heavy  fire  in  the  trenches,  and  it  was  fourteen  hours 
before  he  recovered  from  the  state  of  collapse  brought  about 
as  a  result  of  his  great  efforts.  He  had  previously  greatly 
distinguished  himself  at  the  landing  in  Gallipoli. 

Bandsman  Rendle,  V.C. 

Yet  another  Devonian  to  receive  the  V.C.  was  Bandsman 
Thomas  Edward  Rendle,  1st  Batt.  Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light 
Infantry,  "  for  conspicuous  bravery  on  November  20,  1914,  near 
Wulverghem,  when  he  attended  to  the  wounded  under  very 
heavy  shell  and  rifle  fire,  and  rescued  men  from  the  trenches 
in  which  they  had  been  buried  by  the  blowing  in  of  the  parapets 
by  the  fire  of  the  enemy's  heavy  howitzers."  He  was  born  in 
Exeter  thirty  years  ago,  but  was  brought  up  at  Bristol,  and  the 
fact  that  he  was  attached  to  the  D.C.L.L  was  "  just  a  chance." 
His  own  impression  of  the  events  on  November  20  were  not 
at  all  clear.  He  said  he  was  acting  as  stretcher-bearer,  when 
Lieut.  Colebrook  was  wounded.  The  German  trenches  were 
about  200  yards  away,  and  our  trenches  were  under  a  heavy  fire 
i)i  big  guns,  machine-guns,  and  rifles.  Several  sections  of  our 
trenches  were  blown  in,  and  spaces,  which  were  swept  by  the 
fire  and  without  shelter,  were  left  between  the  trenches  which 
remained.  "  After  Lieut.  Colebrook  was  hit,"  he  said,  "  Lieut. 
Wingate  crawled  over  the  gap  to  his  assistance,  and  asked  me 
to  go  with  him.  Together  we  bound  up  his  wounds.  An  artery 
in  his  right  thigh  was  severed  and  he  was  bleeding  rather  badly. 
The  Germans  were  popping  at  us  all  the  time.  To  get  the 
wounded  officer  back  I  started  to  make  a  shallow  burrow  across 
the  open  space  with  my  hands.  Every  time  I  threw  up  the 
dirt  I  had  scraped  loose  I  suppose  my  head  bobbed  up,  and  the 
Germans  took  pot  shots  at  it.  I  have  no  recollection  of  how 
long  I  was  exposed  to  the  fire.     I  didn't  take  much  notice  of  it 


46  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

at  the  time  ;  one  gets  used  to  that  sort  of  thing.  I  had  to  make 
several  burrows  in  order  to  get  cover  of  any  kind.  Fortunately, 
neither  Mr.  Colebrook  nor  I  got  hit  on  the  way  back.  I  had  to 
crawl,  of  course,  and  carry  him  as  best  I  could." 

This  account  may  be  supplemented  by  the  following  extract 
from  a  letter  written  by  Lieut.  Wingate  to  his  mother  at  The 
Court,  Cullompton  : — 

"  Two  of  the  shells  pitched  into  the  trench  only  about  30 
yards  from  me  and  blew  ten  men  to  pieces.  They  also  blew  down 
all  the  front  part  of  our  trench,  and  the  earth  filled  up  the  dug- 
out part.  This  was  very  annoying,  as  it  divided  our  trench  into 
two  parts,  and  made  it  impossible  to  get  from  one  half  to  the 
other  without  running  across  this  open  piece  of  ground,  about 
five  or  six  yards.  Of  course,  the  Germans  realized  this,  and  put 
a  machine-gun  covering  this  space,  so  that  anyone  who  crossed 
carried  his  hfe  very  much  in  his  hands.  A  subaltern  in  my 
companj.  (Colebrook)  got  shot  that  afternoon  in  that  part  of 
the  trench  without  a  communicating  trench.  He  asked  for  me, 
so  I  went  along  to  him  ;  this  meant  that  I  had  to  cross  this  gap, 
but  luckily  they  failed  to  hit  me.  We  decided  it  was  quite 
impossible  to  move  him  until  dark,  as  there  was  no  way  of 
getting  him  across  the  gap,  so  I  sat  down  to  chat  with  him, 
when  suddenly  the  Germans  started  again  with  their  shells. 
The  first  two  went  over  the  trench,  but  the  next  one  pitched  just 
short,  and  that  buried  me  with  mud.  This,  I  thought,  was  a 
bit  too  much,  so  I  said  that  Colebrook  must  be  got  away.  Just 
then  I  got  called  away  to  the  other  end  of  the  trench  for  a  few- 
minutes.  In  the  meantime,  one  of  the  stretcher-bearers  (Rendle) 
lay  on  his  stomach  in  the  gap  and  under  fire,  and  tried  to  clear 
the  earth  out  of  the  original  trench  to  get  a  safe  path  to  get 
Colebrook  past  the  gap.  But  another  shell  came  and  he  decided 
to  risk  it.  Rendle,  the  stretcher-bearer,  took  Colebrook  on  his 
back  and  wormed  tiis  way  across  the  open  gap  on  his  stomach, 
thus  getting  him  into  the  right  half  of  the  trench,  where  it  was 
plain  sailing." — Western  Weekly  News. 

A   German  Submarine  Evaded. 

It  fell  to  the  lot  of  a  Devonian,  Captain  William  Henry  Propert, 
of  Dartmouth,  master  of  the  steamship  Laertes,  to  give  an 
example  to  the  British  mercantile  marine  of  what  might  and 
should  be  done  in  case  of  attacks  by  an  enemy's  submarine. 
On  February  10,  1915,  his  ship  was  attacked  without  warning 
by  a  German  submarine  off  the  coast  of  Holland,  and,  although 
the  torpedo  missed  her   by  only    a  few   yards   and   the    ship 


Notes  and  Gleanings  47 


was  under  fire  for  an  hour,  until  her  upper  structure  was 
riddled  with  shot,  the  captain  succeeded  in  saving  his  vessel  and 
crew  from  destruction.  "  For  his  gallant  and  spirited  conduct 
in  the  command  of  his  unarmed  ship  when  exposed  to  attack 
by  the  gunfire  and  torpedo  of  a  German  submarine,"  so  the 
official  announcement  runs.  Captain  Propert  was  granted  a 
temporary  commission  as  Lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Naval  Reserve, 
and  the  King  was  pleased  to  award  him  the  Distinguished 
Service  Cross.  The  Admiralty  conveyed  to  Captain  Propert 
and  the  officers  and  men  under  his  command  an  expression  of 
high  appreciation  of  their  conduct,  and  bestowed  upon  each 
officer  a  gold  watch  ;  a  complimentary  grant  of  £3  was  also 
made  to  every  member  of  the  crew.  This  exceptional  recognition 
was  officially  stated  to  be  intended  to  mark  the  example  set  by 
this  merchant  vessel.  Later  in  the  year  Lieut.  Propert,  R.N. R., 
was  presented  with  an  illuminated  address  by  his  fellow-towns- 
men of  Dartmouth. 

Captain  Chichester  Foils  the  Germans. 

It  seems  appropriate  at  the  present  time  to  recall  the  fact 
that  it  was  a  North  Devon  man,  Captain,  afterwards  Rear- 
Admiral,  Sir  Edward  Chichester,  Bart.,  who,  in  the  Spanish- 
American  war  of  1898,  prevented  the  German  squadron  from 
attacking  the  Americans.  When,  after  destroying  the  Spanish 
squadron  at  Cavite,  Commodore  Dewey  blockaded  Manila, 
Chichester's  ship,  the  Immortalite,  and  three  other  men-of-war 
were  dispatched  thither  to  protect  English  interests.  Ships  of 
other  nations  also  assembled  there,  and  amongst  these  the 
Germans,  with  such  an  assumption  of  menace,  that  Commodore 
Dewey  fired  a  shot  across  the  bows  of  the  flagship  of  Admiral 
Dietrich,  commanding  the  German  squadron.  But,  before 
opening  fire  in  return,  the  German  admiral  went  to  the  Immor- 
talite in  a  boat  to  sound  the  disposition  of  the  English 
commander. 

On  meeting  in  the  cabin,  Dietrich  inquired,  "  What  attitude 
are  you  likely  to  take  up  in  the  event  of  the  Americans  bombard- 
ing Manila  ?  "  "  That,"  replied  Chichester,  "  is  a  matter  known 
only  to  Dewey  and  me."  Dietrich,  somewhat  disconcerted, 
paused,  and  then  asked,  "  Where,  sir,  do  you  intend  the  Enghsh 
squadron  to  be,  should,  unhappily,  a  conflict  ensue  between  the 
American  Navy  and  that  of  His  Imperial  Majesty  P  "  ."  Ask 
Dewey,"  was  the  only  answer  vouchsafed,  and  the  German 
retired  down  the  side  of  the  vessel  growling  in  his  beard. 

Immediately  significant  orders  were  issued,  and  the  four 
British   men-of-war   steamed    across   the   line   of   the   German 


48  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


vessels,  the  Jmmortalite  leading,  and  the  others  following  in  line, 
and  when  the  senior  vessel  was  about  two  ship-lengths  off,  the 
band  of  the  Olympia  played  "  God  Save  the  Oueen,"  and  the 
band  of  the  Immortalite  responded  with  "  The  Star-spangled 
Banner."  It  was  but  a  common,  every-day  act  of  courtesy, 
but  it  was  vastly  appreciated  by  the  Americans  who  witnessed 
it,  and  it  was  a  significant  hint  of  "  Hands  off  "  to  the  Germans, 

The  significance  of  this  dramatic  action  was  that  it  convinced 
the  world  that  England  was  on  the  side  of  the  United  States, 
and  that,  to  use  the  old  familiar  phrase,  "  Blood  is  thicker 
than  water."  It  was  the  first  signal  demonstration  which  the 
Americans  received  that  the  sympathies  of  their  kith  and  kin 
were  with  them,  and  that  the  jealousy  of  no  third-power  Power 
would  be  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  just  retribution  which 
they  were  about  to  exact  from  their  enemy.  Sir  Edward  made 
history  that  day.  He  wiped  out  the  memories  of  Bunker  Hill 
and  New  Orleans — so  far  as  they  were  bitter  memories. 

That  his  conduct  was  approved  at  home  was  shown  by  the 
Government  conferring  on  him  the  C.M.G.  Admiral  Dewey 
showed  his  appreciation  by  buying  a  lion  cub  and  calling  it 
"  Chichester,"  and  the  American  authorities  had  the  speech  of 
Captain  Chichester  to  the  German  admiral — "  That  is  a  matter 
known  only  to  Dewey  and  me  "—inscribed  in  the  Naval  School 
in  Annapolis,  U.S.A.,  where  it  embellishes  one  of  the  walls  of 
the  academy.  And  when  Admiral  Chichester  came  to  die,  some 
years  later,  a  unique  tribute  of  respect  was  paid  to  his  memory 
in  the  United  States  ;  for  in  every  workshop,  mill,  forge,  and 
mine,  work  was  suspended  from  noon  to  five  minutes  past  twelve 
on  the  day  of  his  funeral,  throughout  the  length  and  breadth 
of  the  Republic. 

"  The  Pasha  of  Larnaca." 

A  Devonian  of  real  mark,  both  as  a  scholar  and  an  adminis- 
trator, has  passed  away  during  the  year  1915,  in  the  person 
of  Mr.  Claude  Delaval  Cobham,  C.M.G. ,  late  Commissioner 
of  Larnaca,  in  Cyprus.  He  was  the  fourth  son  of  the  late 
Thomas  Cobham,  of  Marley,  near  Exmouth,  where  he  was  born 
in  1842,  and  where  he  recently  died.  A  Times  correspondent 
gives  the  following  interesting  account  of  him,  under  the  date, 
June  3,  1915  :  "  He  was  a  man  of  many  accomplishments,  a 
scholar,  and  an  antiquary,  one  who  had  seen  the  lands  and  knew 
the  manners  and  minds  and  tongues  of  many  peoples.  From 
Rugby  he  went  to  University  College,  Oxford.  When  the 
English  occupied  Cyprus  in  1878,  he  took  ship  for  Larnaca  and  at 
once  was  appointed  Assistant  Commissioner,  and  in  1879  received 


Notes  and  Gleanings  49 


the  post  of  Commissioner  of  the  District,  which  he  held  until 
1 908.  There  he  bought  an  old  Venetian  house,  which  he  or  his 
Iriends  named  the  Villa  Claudia.  Almost  every  one  who  went 
to  Cyprus  on  Government  business,  or  as  a  visitor,  landed  at 
Larnaca  and  was  hospitably  entertained  by  Cobham,  especially 
if  he  was  '  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman  '  ;  and  few  could  fail  to 
lie  charmed  by  him  and  to  learn  from  him  something  worth 
knowing  about  the  Mediterranean  and  the  East.  And  if  the 
visitor  preferred  to  talk  in  Greek  or  Turkish,  French  or  German, 
Italian  or  Persian,  he  found  Cobham  able  to  converse  with  him 
in  any  of  those  tongues. 

"  The  natives  of  his  district  reverenced  him  ;  they  called  him 
the  Pasha,  not  jestingly,  but  with  all  respect.  He  was  an 
aristocrat,  and  loved  to  keep  up  the  dignity  of  his  Pashalik  ;  he 
was  lame  and  found  riding  uncomfortable,  and  probably  for 
that  reason  did  not  go  about  his  district  so  much  as  he  might 
have  done  ;  and  the  routine  of  office  work  was  not  to  his  taste. 
But  he  was  well  suited  for  the  special  post  which  he  so  long 
filled.  I  believe  that  he  never  sought  and  would  not  have 
accepted  any  promotion  out  of  his  beloved  island. 

"  Cobham  was  a  man  of  strong  prejudices  and  likes  and 
dislikes.  He  would  not  allow  that  he  had  ever  read  a  line  of 
Dickens,  and  he  would  not  admit  any  work  by  that  author  into 
his  hbrary  ;  he  was,  in  the  days  when  I  knew  him  best,  strongly 
pro-German  as  against  French  ;  he  professed,  perhaps  not 
always  quite  seriously,  to  love  the  Turk  and  to  hate  the  Greek, 
and  he  carried  this  so  far  that  he  would  not  have  a  Greek  servant 
in  his  house,  and  always  kept  a  villain  of  a  Turkish  cook,  who 
went  far  to  ruin  his  master's  digestion.  He  published  several 
books,  dealing  chiefly  with  the  history  of  Cyprus,  including 
translations  from  dozens  of  authors,  in  many  languages,  from 
the  12th  to  the  19th  century,  and  he  was  also  one  of  the 
compilers  and  editors  of  several  editions  of  the  '  Handbook  of 
Cyprus.'  When  he  left  Cyprus  he  gave  his  valuable  library  to 
the  Colonial  Institute." 

The  Hermit  of  Bro.\dclyst. 
Remarkable  evidence  was  given  at  an  inquest  at  Broadclyst, 
E.xeter,  on  October  28,  on  David  Mede  Salter,  retired  clergyman, 
age  82,  who  was  found  dead  at  his  residence,  a  bungalow  which 
had  been  erected  for  him  in  the  corner  of  a  field  some  fourteen 
years  ago.  He  was  commonly  known  in  the  district  as  "  The 
Old  Hermit."  The  dead  man  never  received  friends.  He  was 
occasionally  seen  walking  close  to  the  bungalow,  but  rarely 
went  out  of  sight  of  it.     He  had  a  daily  paper  sent   by  post, 

4 


50  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

and  tradesmen  had  to  leave  their  goods  in  a  hut  close  by.  He 
occasionally  visited  Exeter.  At  the  inquest  Dr.  E.  R.  P.  Lewis, 
Lancaster-gate,  London,  chaplain  to  the  British  Embassy  at 
Lisbon,  said  that  Mr.  Salter  was  his  uncle  and  a  clerk  in  holy 
orders.  He  had  been  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Jesus  College, 
Cambridge,  of  which  he  was  M.A.  He  gave  up  his  living  forty 
years  ago,  and  was  quite  a  recluse,  although  visited  by  friends 
from  time  to  time.  He  wrote  to  the  witness  on  March  8,  saying  : 
"  I  am  still  without  any  failure  in  body  or  mind."  His  family 
had  tried  to  get  him  to  have  a  house-keeper,  but  he  refused  any 
interference  on  the  part  of  relatives  or  friends.  Sidney  Robert 
Withers,  in  whose  field  Mr.  Salter  had  his  bungalow,  said  he 
had  not  seen  him  for  six  months,  although  he  lived  a  few  yards 
away  and  delivered  eggs  and  apples  once  a  week.  It  was 
further  stated  that  when  the  pohce  entered  the  house  they  had 
to  force  three  doors,  the  front,  inside,  and  bedroom  doors,  before 
they  could  find  him.  He  was  lying  on  the  floor  dead,  dressed 
in  a  shirt  and  cardigan  jacket.  Medical  evidence  showed  death 
to  be  due  to  syncope,  and  a  verdict  in  accordance  was  returned. — 
The  Times. 

"  The  E.keter  Prophetess." 
On  Dec.  27,  1814,  died  that  remarkable  woman,  Joanna 
Southcott,  in  the  sixty-fifth  year  of  her  age,  after  being  dis- 
appointed in  her  expectation  of  becoming  the  "  mother  of 
Shiloh."  During  her  life  her  "  prophecies  "  were  published  in 
sixty-five  pamphlets,  one  for  each  year  of  her  life,  and  it  is  said 
that  she  had  100,000  followers,  more  than  John  Wesley  ever 
had  during  his  lifetime.  In  addition  to  the  published  works, 
there  are  still  in  existence  a  large  number  of  her  manuscripts 
which  have  neither  been  published  nor  copied.  These  are  called 
the  "  sealed  writings,"  and  were  placed  in  the  hands  of  William 
Sharp,  the  engraver,  in  1803,  for  safe  custody.  At  Joanna's 
death  they  appear  to  have  been  in  the  care  of  Miss  Townley,  and 
in  1825  they  were  sent  to  the  Rev.  T.  P.  Foley,  who  left  them  in 
the  care  of  his  son,  the  Rev.  Richard  Foley.  It  is  said  that  some 
of  them  have  not  been  read  even  by  believers,  but  are  kept  in  a 
large  wooden  box,  which  is  nailed  up  and  bound  with  cords. 
This  box  is  in  safe  custody,  and,  according  to  her  followers, 
may  only  be  opened  "  when  it  is  sent  for  by  the  twenty-four 
bishops  suddenly  and  unaware  in  a  time  of  national  danger." 
It  was  expected  by  many  believers  that  this  would  have 
have  happened  on  the  12th  of  January,  1915,  that  being  supposed 
to  be  the  last  day  of  1914  (old  style)  and  presumably  the 
centenary  of  Joanna's  death  ;  but  the  time  is  not  yet  ripe — the 
bishops  remain  silent,  and  the  box  still  reposes  in  its  secret 
hiding-place. 


Drake's  Drum  51 


Drake's   Drum. 


Drake  he's  in  his  hammock  an'  a  thousand  mile  away, 

(Capten,  art  tha  sleepin'  there  below  ?), 
Slung  atween  the  round  shot  in  Nombre  Dios  Bay, 

An'  dreamin'  all  the  time  o'  Plymouth  Hoe. 
Yarnder  lumes  the  Island,  yarnder  lie  the  ships, 

Wi'  sailor  lads  a  dancin'  heel-an'-toe, 
An'  the  shore-Hghts  flashin',  an'  the  night-tide  dashin'. 

He  sees  et  all  so  plainly  as  he  saw  et  long  ago, 

Drake  he  was  a  Devon  man,  an'  ruled  the  Devon  seas, 

(Capten,  art  tha  sleepin'  there  below  ?), 
Rovin'  tho'  his  death  fell,  he  went  wi'  heart  at  ease, 

An'  dreamin'  all  the  time  o'  Plymouth  Hoe. 
"  Take  my  drum  to  England,  hang  et  by  the  shore, 

Strike  et  when  your  powder's  runnin'  low  ; 
If  the  Dons  sight  Devon,  I'll  quit  the  port  o'  Heaven, 

An'   drum  them  up  the  Channel  as  we  drummed  them 
long  ago," 

Drake  he's  in  his  hammock  till  the  great  Armadas  come, 

(Capten,  art  tha  sleepin'  there  below  ?), 
Slung  atween  the  round  shot,  Hstenin'  for  the  drum. 

An'  dreamin'  all  the  time  o'  Plymouth  Hoe, 
Call  him  on  the  deep  sea,  call  him  up  the  Sound, 

Call  him  when  ye  sail  to  meet  the  foe  ; 
Where  the  old  trade's  plyin'  an'  the  old  flag  flyin', 

They  shall  find  him  ware  an'  wakin',  as  they  found  him 
long  ago  ! 

Henry  Newholt. 

The  words  of  this  poem  are  given  by  kind  permission  of  Mr.  Newbolt. 
There  are  two  excellent  musical  settings,  one  by  Sir.  C.  V.  Stanford,  in  his 
"  Songs  of  the  Sea,"  and  the  other  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Hedgcock.  The  poem 
is,  also,  most  effective  as  a  recitation. — [Editor  ] 


52  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


New    Light  on    Drake. 

By  Sir  CLEMENTS  R.  MARKHAM,  K.C.B.,  F.R.S..  &c. 

(Reprinted  by  permission  from  The  English  Race.) 

Sir  Francis  Drake,  the  first  English  circumnavigator,  is 
acknowledged  to  have  been  a  great  seaman,  yet  there  has  always 
been  an  undercurrent  of  detraction.  It  is  more  than  hinted, 
even  in  these  days,  that  Drake  was  a  rough  sailor  without  polish, 
that  he  was  cruel,  that  he  was  a  pirate,  that  he  robbed  prisoners 
of  their  private  property,  that  his  famous  voyage  was  merely 
undertaken  for  plunder,  and  that  he  had  no  commission  em- 
powering him  to  inflict  the  punishment  of  death  on  the  mutineer 
Doughty.  It  was  Drake's  misfortune  that  his  own  journal  was 
lost,  and  that  the  only  two  accounts  of  his  voyage  were  written 
by  spiteful  enemies,  the  chaplain  Fletcher  and  a  man  named 
Cooke. 

All  this  misrepresentation  has  been  finally  disposed  of  by 
Mrs.  Zelia  Nuttall  in  her  very  important  work  recently  pub- 
lished by  the  Hakluyt  Society,  entitled  New  Light  on  Drake. 
This  accomplished  lady,  in  the  course  of  researches  on  another 
subject,  has  discovered  a  great  number  of  documents  relating 
to  Drake's  voyage,  among  the  archives  at  Mexico,  Seville, 
Simancas,  and  other  places.  Most  of  these  documents  are 
depositions  before  the  Inquisition  by  prisoners  Drake  had 
landed,  and  others.  One  is  the  journal  of  a  Portuguese  pilot 
who  was  taken  prisoner  off  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  and  landed 
on  the  coast  of  Mexico.  The  evidence  of  those  perfectly 
impartial — if  anything  hostile — witnesses  now  comes  to  light, 
to  clear  the  character  of  a  great  English  seaman,  after  a  silence 
of  more  than  three  centuries. 

First  as  to  the  object  of  the  voyage.  The  name  of  John 
Oxenham  is  well  known  to  the  readers  of  Mr.  Kingsley's  West- 
ivard  Ho !  In  his  deposition  made  in  the  Inquisition  at 
Lima,  John  Oxenham  declared  that  the  main  object  of  Drake's 
voyage  was  discovery  in  the  interests  of  his  country.  He 
believed  that  a  strait  existed  to  the  north  of  the  American 
Continents,  similar  to  the  one  discovered  by  Magellan  to  the 
south,  and  that  its  discovery  would  be  most  advantageous  to 
England.  In  fact,  he  made  a  gallant  attempt  to  find  it,  going 
far  north  along  the  coast  of  New  Albion.     It  is  true  that  he  also 


New  Light  on  Drake  53 


intended  to  recover  from  Spanish  ships  the  amount  that  was 
robbed  from  his  relative,  Sir  John  Hawkins,  at  San  Juan  de 
Ulua.  All  the  depositions  bear  witness  to  Drake's  ability  and 
knowledge  as  a  navigator. 

With  regard  to  his  power  of  life  and  death  conferred  by  the 
Queen's  commission,  it  is  alleged  that  he  had  none.  But  the 
Portuguese  pilot  bears  witness  that  Drake  placed  the  document 
he  afterward  read  before  Doughty's  execution  on  his  head,  which 
was  only  done,  in  those  days,  in  the  case  of  missives  from  the 
Sovereign.  Moreover,  Drake's  distinguished  prisoner,  Don 
Francisco  de  Zarate,  was  actually  shown  the  Queen's  commis- 
sion. One  of  the  charges  against  Drake,  in  biographies  that 
have  been  written,  is  that  he  robbed  Zarate's  private  property 
as  well  as  seized  his  ship.  This  calumny  is  refuted  by  Zarate 
himself  in  his  letter  to  the  Viceroy  of  Mexico.  All  that  happened 
was  that  they  exchanged  presents,  and  the  Spaniard  thought 
that  he  got  the  best  of  the  bargain. 

All  the  vSpaniards  who  made  depositions  testify  to  Drake's 
good  treatment  of  them  while  on  board  ship.  He  spoke  Spanish 
well,  his  manners  were  courtly,  his  hospitality  thoughtful  and 
genuine.  They  witnessed  his  performance  of  divine  service, 
and  the  ceremony  observed  at  his  table.  The  gentlemen  volun- 
teers, including  some  of  the  best  names  in  Devonshire,  dined 
with  him,  and  a  band  played  during  the  meal. 

Not  a  single  Spaniard  met  his  death  owing  to  Drake's  voyage, 
which  was  undertaken  for  discovery  and  made  legitimate  by 
the  Queen's  commission.  One  ver.y  interesting  piece  of  evidence 
is  that  the  great  seaman  was  keeping  a  most  careful  journal. 
We  are  told  that  he  spent  much  time  in  a  cabin  with  his  young 
kinsman  John  Drake,  drawing  capes  and  headlands,  and  new 
birds  and  fishes  for  his  journal.  The  loss  of  this  journal  has 
been  most  injurious  to  the  fair  fame  of  the  illustrious  circum- 
navigator. Now  detraction  will  be  finally  silenced  by  the 
evidence,  not  of  his  own  countrymen,  but  by  that  of  the 
Spaniards  themselves,  his  fair-minded  enemies.  Enghshmen 
ought  to  be  grateful  to  Mrs.  Zelia  Nuttall  for  the  care  and  abihty 
v\nth  which  she  has  conducted  her  most  interesting  researches, 
which  have  resulted  in  such  a  complete  vindication  of  one  of 
England's  greatest  seamen.  She  has,  indeed,  thrown  a  "  new 
light  on  Drake." 


54  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


Called    Up. 

(Reprinted  from   The  Times  by  permission  of   the  Author.) 

Come,  tumble  up,  Lord  Nelson,  the  British  Fleet's  a-looming  ! 
Come,  show  a  leg.  Lord  Nelson,  the  guns  they  are  a-booming  ! 
'Tis  a  longish  line  of  battle,- — such  as  we  did  never  see  ; 
An'  'tis  not  the  same  old  round-shot  as  was  fired  by  you  an'  me 

What  see' si  thou,  Sir  Francis  ? — Strange  things  I  see  appearing 
What  hearest  thou,  Sir  Francis  P — Strange  sounds  I  do  be  hearing 
They  are  fighting  in  the  heav^ens  ;  they're  at  war  beneath  the  sea 
Ay,  their  ways  are  mighty  different  from  the  ways  o'  you  an'  me 

See'st  thou  nought  else.  Sir  Francis  ? — I  see  great  lights  a-seeking  ! 
Hearest  thou  nought  else,  Sir  Francis  ? — I  hear  thin  wires  a-speak- 

ing! 
Three  leagues  that  shot  hath  carried  ! — God,  that  such  could 

ever  be  ! 
There's  no  mortal  doubt,  Lord  Nelson — they  ha'  done  wi'  you  an' 

me  ! 

Look  thou  again,  Sir  Francis  ! — I  see  the  flags  a-flapping  ! 
Hearken  once  more,  Sir  Francis  ! — I  hear  the  sticks  a-tapping  ! 
'Tis  a  sight  that  calls  me  thither! — 'Tis  a  sound  that  bids  me 

"  Come  !  " 
'Tis  the  old  Trajalgar  signal! — 'Tis  the  beating  of  my  drum! 

A  rt  thou  ready,  good  Sir  Francis  ?    See,  they  wait  upon  the  quay  ! 
Praise  be  to  God,  Lord  Nelson,  they  ha'  thought  of  you  an'  me  / 

Dudley  Clark. 


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Farthest  from  Railways  :  An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon      55 


Farthest  from  Railways  : 
An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon. 

By    R.     PEARSE    CHOPE.    B.A. 

{Author  of  "  The  Story  of  Hariland,"  "  The  Dialed  of  Harlland,"  etc.) 

A  Lecture  delivered  to  the  London  Devonian  Association, 
January  11,  1915.* 

If  you  will  take  any  general  railway  map  of  England,  such  as 
"  Bradshaw  "  or  the  "  A  B  C,"  and  try  with  a  compass  to  draw 
the  largest  circle  without  crossing  a  railway  line,  you  will,  after 
many  trials,  fix  its  centre  at  Hartland  Point,  North  Devon,  for 

When  you  have  sought  all  England  round. 
Farthest  from  railways  this  will  be  found. 

Leaving  the  small  detached  light  railway  from  Bideford  to 
Westward  Ho  out  of  consideration,  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
nearest  station  "  as  the  crow  flies,"  or  by  aeroplane,  is  Bude, 
and  its  distance  about  fourteen  miles,  but  the  nearest  by  road, 
which  is  still  the  usual  medium  of  communication,  is  Bideford. 
about  sixteen  miles,  Bude  being  three  or  four  miles  farther  and 
much  more  difficult  of  access. 

The  tourist,  therefore,  generally  adventures  by  road  from 
Bideford  to  Hartland,  and,  as  an  enthusiastic  guide-book 
author  writes,  "  even  in  Devonshire  it  would  be  difficult  to 
discover  a  more  delightful  route.  Throughout  the  whole  six- 
teen miles,  the  tourist's  eyes  will  be  charmed  with  a  succession 
of  beautiful  pictures,  and  if  he  be  an  artist,  or  a  lover  of  art,  he 
will  be  reminded  at  one  point  of  Turner's  ethereal  conceptions  ; 
at  another,  of  the  force  and  depth  of  Creswick  ;  here,  of  the 
poetical  power  of  Gainsborough  ;  there,  of  the  rude  fidelity  of 
Morland.  Nature  in  all  her  ruggedness  ;  nature  subdued  by 
art ;  wild  bosky  glens,  haunted  by  mysterious  shadows  ;  rich 
woodland  vales  murmurous  with  falling  waters  ;  bleak,  bare 
cliffs,  where  the  sea-bird  builds  her  nest  ;  the  rippling  stream, 
the  broad  and  billowy  ocean  ;  the  yellow  cornfield  and  the 
blossomy  garden  ;  these  succeed  one  another  like  the  rapid  and 
surprising  changes  of  a  fairy  panorama." 

*  The  lecture  was  illustrated  by  nearly  one  hundred  lantern  slides, 
specially  prepared,  but,  as  these  cannot  be  here  reproduced,  the  following 
report  of  the  lecture  has  been  slightly  modified. 


56  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

It  seems  strange  that  such  a  large  tract  of  land  should  remain 
so  long  untraversed  by  a  railway,  but  there  are  at  last  signs  of 
a  change.  Two  different  railway  schemes  have  been  brought 
forward,  and  only  last  summer  (1914)  an  excellent  motor  bus 
service  was  started.  Indeed,  this  proved  to  be  too  good,  for  the 
buses  attracted  the  attention  of  the  Government  agent,  who  at 
once  commandeered  them  for  the  war.*  Whether  the  advent 
of  railways,  or  even  of  motor  buses,  would  be  altogether  advan- 
tageous to  such  a  place  as  Hartland,  is  a  matter  of  opinion,  for,  in 
the  words  of  an  American  poet, — 

"  The  railway  ruined  it,  the  natives  say, 
That  passed  unwisely  fifteen  miles  away. 
And  made  a  drain  to  which,  with  steady  ooze, 
Filtered  away  law,  stage-coach,  trade,  and  news. 
The  railway  saved  it  :    so  at  least  think  those 
Who  love  old  ways,  old  houses,  old  repose." 

At  any  rate,  the  result  of  this  neglect  by  the  railway  companies 
is  that,  except  to  a  few  adventurous  spirits — mainly  from  across 
the  Atlantic,  Hartland  is  still  an  unknown  country,  although  its 
scenery  is  more  beautiful,  and  its  history  more  interesting,  than 
those  of  any  other  place  in  North  Devon.  History  perhaps 
appeals  only  to  a  few,  but  with  regard  to  the  scenery  many  will 
be  inclined  to  say  :  "  Clovelly  we  know,  Lynmouth  we  know,  and 
Ilfracombe — surely  Hartland  in  all  its  glory  is  not  arrayed  like 
one  of  these  ?  "  No,  not  like  one  of  them,  but  hke  them  all  and 
superior  to  any,  for  the  chief  feature  of  the  Hartland  scenery 
is  its  wonderful  variety — soft  wooded  cliffs  on  the  north,  wild 
rugged  rocks  on  the  west,  wind-swept  moorland  heights,  and 
calm  secluded  vales.  "  Wild,  glorious,  and  unknown,"  says 
one  observant  tourist  ;  "by  far  the  most  striking  part  of  the 
North  of  Devon,"  says  another  ;  "  the  wildest  and  grandest 
cliffs  in  the  whole  of  Devon,"  says  a  third  ;  and  many  others 
are  equally  enthusiastic. 

Hartland  is  a  large  parish — the  largest  in  Devonshire  with 
the  sole  exception  of  the  Dartmoor  parish  of  Lydford.  Its  area 
is  over  17,000  acres,  and  its  shape  is  roughly  a  rectangle,  six 
miles  from  north  to  south  by  four  and  a  half  from  east  to  west. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  west  by  the  Atlantic, 

*  Since  the  lecture  was  delivered,  the  following  motor  services  have 
been  started  :  (i)  A  mail  car,  from  Bideford  to  Hartland  and  back  daily, 
carrying  passengers  and  doing  extra  turns  on  Tuesdays  and  Saturdays  ; 
(2)  Another  car,  running  from  Hartland  to  Bideford  and  back  on  Tuesdays, 
Thursdays,  and  Saturdays,  and  doing  extra  turns  when  required  ;  (3)  A 
char-a-banc,  running  during  the  summer  months  three  days  weekly,  from 
Bude  to  Hartland  Quay  on  the  way  to  Clovelly,  and  back  to  Bude  direct. 


Farthest  from  Railways :   An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon     57 

"  Where  on  Hartland's  tempest-furrowed  shore 
Breaks  the  long  swell  from  farthest  Labrador." 

No  land  intervenes  between  it  and  America,  for,  contrary  to 
the  general  opinion,  Cape  Clear  is  much  farther  north,  and  we 
have  the  advantage  over  Parliament  that  Ireland  does  not  block 
the  way.  On  the  north  the  parish  forms  the  western  extremity 
both  of  Bideford  Bay  and  Severn  Sea,  generally  but  erroneously 
called  Bristol  Channel,  and  there  is  no  land  between  it  and 
Carmarthen  Bay  in  Wales,  about  fifty  miles  off.  On  a  clear  day 
the  high  lands  of  Gower  and  Pembroke  are  plainly  visible.  To 
the  north-east  spreads  out  before  us  the  charming  panorama  of 
Bideford  Bay,  terminating  in  Morte  Point,  near  Ilfracombe, 
about  seventeen  miles  away,  and  having  Exmoor  in  the  back- 
ground. To  the  south-west  is  a  still  more  extensive,  and  almost 
equally  charming,  panorama,  reaching  to  Trevose  Head,  beyond 
Padstow,  nearly  forty  miles  away,  and  including  a  view  of 
"  grim  Dundagel,  thron'd  along  the  sea."  About  ten  miles 
away  in  a  north-westerly  direction  is  the  picturesque  isle  of 
Lundy,  which  is  always  a  prominent  feature  in  the  landscape 
and  represents  the  island  of  our  dreams.  Facetious  persons 
allude  to  it  as  "  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven,"  Heaven  being  the 
name  of  the  proprietor.  Kingsley  avers  in  "  Westward  Ho  !  " 
that,  for  its  sins,  Lundy  is  included  in  the  huge  parish  of 
Hartland  ;  but  this  statement  is  incorrect — it  has  always  been  a 
separate  parish,  though,  before  the  present  church  was  built, 
on  at  least  one  occasion  a  couple  came  across  to  Hartland  to  be 
married.  The  island  varies  so  much  in  appearance  according 
to  the  state  of  the  atmosphere,  that  it  is  a  favourite  source  of 
weather  forecasts : — 

"  Lundy  high,  sign  of  dry  ; 
Lundy  plain,  sign  of  rain  ; 
Lundy  low,  sign  of  snow." 

On  the  land  side  Hartland  is  separated  from  the  neighbour- 
ing parishes  of  Clovelly  and  Welcombe  by  deep  valleys,  and  at 
the  back  is  a  ridge,  rising  to  about  750  feet,  which  forms  the 
watershed  of  the  river  Torridge.  On  this  ridge,  just  beyond  the 
boundary  of  Hartland  parish,  is  the  source  of  the  Torridge  and 
the  Tamar,  which  rise,  so  it  is  said,  on  opposite  sides  of  the  same 
"  rex-bush  "  (clump  of  rushes),  though  one  flows  by  a  circuitous 
route  to  Bideford  and  Severn  Sea,  while  the  other  follows  a 
comparatively  straight  course  to -Plymouth  and  the  Enghsh 
Channel.  From  the  watershed  can  be  seen  on  one  hand  the 
peaked  tors  of  Dartmoor  and  Cornwall,  and  on  the  other  the 
rounded  hills  of  Exmoor  and  North  Devon. 


58  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

Hartland  is  thus  "  on  the  road  to  nowhere,"  and  can  only  be 
reached  by  surmounting  this  ridge  at  the  back,  which  in  itself 
is  sufficiently  forbidding  to  many  people,  not  because  of  its 
height,  but  because  it  is  "a  rolling  range  of  dreary  moors, 
unbroken  by  tor  or  tree,"  though  this  was  the  scene  selected  by 
Turner  for  one  of  his  most  beautiful  landscapes.  The  coaches 
from  Clovelly  to  Bude  pass  along  this  ridge,  but  they  give  their 
passengers  only  a  glimpse  of  the  paradise  beyond.  Like  the 
priest  and  the  Levite  of  the  parable,  they  pass  by  on  the  other 
side.  Perhaps  in  due  course  the  good  Samaritan  will  come 
along,  and  not  only  leave  his  two  pence  with  the  host,  but  will 
also  persuade  others  to  do  the  same.  Hartland  has  indeed 
fallen  among  thieves,  who  have  robbed  it  of  its  reputation,  for 
the  railway  companies  do  not  even  recognize  its  existence,  and  on 
all  sides  tourists  are  told  that  there  is  nothing  to  be  seen  there. 

However,  west  of  the  watershed  the  scene  changes.  The 
comparatively  flat  table-land  gets  broken  up  into  a  series  of 
small  ridges  and  valleys,  which  make  the  land  so  hilly  that  it 
is  said  to  be  impossible  to  get  sufficient  flat  ground  for  a  cricket 
field  in  the  whole  parish.     As  John  Bright  wrote  of  Lynmouth  : — 

"  They  who  come  here  in  hope  to  shun 
The  turmoil  and  the  strife, 
Will  find  how  hard  it  is  to  flee 
The  ups  and  downs  of  life." 

The  high  ground  at  the  back  is  the  source  of  a  number  of  small 
streams  which  run  to  the  coast,  both  north  and  west,  and  form 
those  "  delightful  glens  "  so  eloquently  described  by  Kingsley  : 
'  Each  is  like  the  other  and  each  is  hke  no  other  EngUsh  scenery. 
Each  has  its  upright  walls,  inland  of  rich  oak-wood,  nearer  the 
sea  of  dark  green  furze,  then  of  smooth  turf,  then  of  weird  black 
cliffs  which  range  out  right  and  left  far  into  the  deep  sea,  in 
castles,  spires,  and  wings  of  jagged  ironstone.  Each  has  its 
narrow  strip  of  fertile  meadow,  its  crystal  trout  stream  winding 
across  and  across  from  one  hill-foot  to  another  ;  its  grey  stone 
mill,  with  the  water  sparkling  and  humming  round  the  dripping 
wheel ;  its  dark  rock  pools  above  the  tide  mark,  where  the 
salmon-trout  gather  in  from  their  Atlantic  wanderings,  after 
each  autumn  flood  ;  its  ridge  of  blown  sand,  bright  with  golden 
trefoil  and  crimson  lady's  fingers  ;  its  grey  bank  of  polished 
pebbles,  down  which  the  stream  rattles  toward  the  sea  below. 
Each  has  its  black  field  of  jagged  shark's-tooth  rock  which  paves 
the  cove  from  side  to  side,  streaked  with  here  and  there  a  pink 
line  of  shell  sand,  and  laced  with  white  foam  from  the  eternal 
surge,  stretching  in  parallel  lines  out  to  the  westward,  in  strata 
set  upright  on  edge,  or  tilted  towards  each  other  at  strange 


fi 


1.— ROCKS  AT  BLEGBERRY. 
2.— A  WRECK  AT  BLEGBERRY. 


Farthest  from  Railways:  An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon     59 

angles  by  primeval  earthquakes  ;  such  is  the  '  Mouth  ' — as 
those  coves  are  called  ;  and  such  the  jaw  of  teeth  which  they 
display,  one  rasp  of  which  would  grind  abroad  the  timbers  of 
the  stoutest  ship.  To  landward,  all  richness,  softness,  and 
peace  ;  to  seaward,  a  waste  and  howling  wilderness  of  rock  and 
roller,  barren  to  the  fisherman,  and  hopeless  to  the  shipwrecked 
mariner." 

Once,  and  once  only,  has  a  ship  been  got  off  that  has  ever 
struck  those  terrible  rocks.  Although  the  number  of  wrecks 
has  been  greatly  reduced  since  the  lighthouse  was  built  at 
Hartland  Point,  the  local  proverb  still  remains  true  : — 

"  From  Padstow  Port  to  Lundy  Light 
Is  a  watery  grave  by  day  or  night. 

About  ten  years  ago  I  compiled  a  list  of  thirty-five  wrecks  that 
had  occurred  off  the  coast  of  Hartland  from  1862  to  1904,  and 
the  number  has  since  been  considerably  increased.*  In  all 
about  forty  lives  were  lost.  The  last  and  largest  of  the  series 
was  an  ItaUan  steamship,  the  Rosalia,  of  nearly  2000  tons 
(3000  gross),  carrying  a  crew  of  twenty-five,  which  was  totally 
wrecked  in  a  very  thick  fog  at  Hartland  Quay  on  May  27, 
1904  ;  but  the  only  one  at  which  it  has  been  my  fortune  to  be 
present  was  the  Hoche,  a  French  steamship  of  nearly  900  tons, 
carrying  a  crew  of  twenty-three,  which  was  wrecked  in  similar 
circumstances  at  Blegberry  on  July  1,  1882.  In  this  case  a 
small  party  of  young  men  were  spending  the  evening  at  the 
farm-house,  when  they  were  startkd  by  the  arrival  of  a  sailor 
announcing  the  wreck  and  asking  to  be  directed  to  the  nearest 
telegraph  office.  Learning  that  he  was  at  Hartland,  he  said 
he  had  been  wrecked  there  before,  and,  if  we  could  only  direct 
him  to  Stoke,  he  would  be  able  to  find  his  way  to  the  town. 
Our  party  hurried  to  the  top  of  the  cliff,  but  not  a  trace  of  the 
wreck  could  we  see  for  a  considerable  time,  until  one  of  us  at 
length  espied  the  top  of  a  mast  looming  through  the  fog.  Down 
we  went  one  after  the  other,  over  the  almost  perpendicular  face 
of  the  cliff — here  about  250  feet  high,  and,  strange  to  say,  we 
all  got  safely  to  the  bottom,  though  how  we  managed  it  has 
been  a  puzzle  to  me  ever  since.  When  we  arrived  there,  we 
found  that  our  efforts  were  all  in  vain,  for  the  captain  would  not 
allow  us  on  board  and  refused  all  our  offers  of  assistance.  He, 
no  doubt,  remembered  the  terrible  tales  he  had  heard  about  the 

*  Since  the  lecture  was  delivered,  a  Dutch  steamship,  the  Flora,  of 
Amsterdam,  of  900  tons,  with  a  crew  of  19,  was  wrecked  on  April  3rd, 
1915,  at  Longpeak,  below  Speke's  Mill. 


6o  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

wreckers  on  our  coast,  and  I  am  bound  to  admit  that  we  have 
a  sinister  reputation  in  this  respect. 

"  Save  a  stranger  from  the  sea, 
And  he'll  become  your  enemy," 

is  a  well-known  proverb,  but  the  tales  told  by  the  Rev.  R.  S. 
Hawker,  of  Morwenstow,  about  "  Cruel  Coppinger,"  who  was 
really  wrecked  at  Hartland,  are  either  fictitious  or  grossly 
exaggerated. 

Excellent  as  Kingsley's  description  is  of  our  combes,  it 
strangely  omits  the  most  characteristic  feature  of  all — the 
coastal  waterfall.  Of  these  we  have  seven  in  various  stages  of 
evolution,  forming  such  a  grand  and  varied  series  as  is  not  to 
be  found  elsewhere  in  Great  Britain.  The  most  striking  is 
certainly  the  compound  fall  at  Speke's  Mill,  of  which  Mr.  Newell 
Arber  says  :  "  It  is  by  far  the  grandest  and  most  imposing 
waterfall,  or,  rather,  series  of  falls,  on  the  whole  coast  ;  and  it 
is  of  such  special  interest  to  the  geologist,  and  such  a  wonderful 
sight  for  the  wayfarer,  that  it  would  be  well  if  it  were  acquired 
for  the  nation."  A  detailed  description  of  it,  illustrated  by 
diagrams  and  numerous  photographic  views,  is  given  in  Mr. 
Arber's  book,  "  The  Coast  Scenery  of  North  Devon."  The 
first  fall,  nearly  54  feet  in  height,  from  about  160  feet  above 
sea-level,  is  over  one  limb  of  a  V-shaped  fold  in  the  rocks.  The 
water  then  runs  along  the  bottom  of  the  trough  almost  horizon- 
tally for  132  feet,  when  it  again  turns  at  right-angles  and  cuts 
its  way  seaward  through  the  ridge-shaped  fold  beyond,  descend- 
ing by  three  smaller  falls.  These  form  part  of  the  floor  of  an 
immature  canyon  or  gorge  cut  in  the  cliffs  by  the  stream.  The 
first  marks  the  point  to  which  the  waterfall  has  retreated  from 
its  original  position  above  what  is  now  a  pool  on  the  beach.  It 
has  not,  however,  persisted  as  a  sheer  fall,  but  has  worn  its 
channel  back  unevenly,  with  the  result  that  there  are  now  three 
separate  falls.  The  top  of  the  first  of  these  is  at  least  100  feet 
above  sea-level,  but  the  sheer  fall  was  once  very  much  higher, 
probably  200  feet.  In  the  future,  provided  the  sea  does  not 
get  in  and  destroy  the  canyon,  the  stream  will  cut  down  the 
remaining  100  feet,  and  the  floor  of  the  canyon  will  then  be  at 
sea-level.  With  regard  to  the  big  upper  fall,  this  has  been 
formed,  strange  as  it  may  seem,  by  the  trough  or  gutter  at  its 
base  ;  this  trough  or  gutter  is  really  older  than  the  fall,  and,  as 
the  stream  has  cut  down  along  the  strike,  so  the  length  of  the 
first  or  dip  fall  has  increased. 

An  example  of  an  almost  sheer  fall,  slightly  modified  owing 
to  the  fact  that  the  stream  is  flowing  in  the  direction  of  the 


io 


SPEKES    MILL    WATERFALL. 


Farthest  from  Railways  :   An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon    6i 

strike,  occurs  at  Blegberry  ;  here  the  stream  falls  over  a  cliff 
about  25  feet  high,  down  one  Umb  of  V-shaped  fold  which  is 
being  rapidly  denuded  by  the  sea.  An  attempt  was  made  to 
divert  this  fall,  to  enable  a  donkey  path  to  be  made  up  the  face 
of  the  rock,  but  the  stream  proved  too  powerful  for  the  punv 
efforts  of  man,  and  washed  away  the  masonry  dam  that  he  had 
erected  to  turn  it  into  a  new  channel.  In  the  valleys  on  each 
side  are  examples  of  the  mature  canyon  stage  in  the  evolution 
of  a  waterfall,  that  at  Blackpool  Mill  being  one  of  the  best  to 
be  found  on  these  coasts. 

But  it  is  not  only  the  waterfalls  that  excite  our  admiration 
along  these  cliffs  ;  the  marvellous  foldings  and  contortions  of 
the  rocks  are  even  more  wonderful  and  awe-inspiring.  "  There 
must  have  been  strange  work  here,"  says  Kingsley,  "  when  all 
these  strata  were  being  pressed  and  squeezed  together  like  a 
ream  of  wet  paper  between  the  rival  granite  pincers  of  Dartmoor 
and  Lundy."  The  effects,  too,  of  marine  erosion  on  such  rocks 
are  very  remarkable.  The  wave  action  of  the  sea,  aided  by 
the  grinding  action  of  the  pebbles  on  the  beach,  wears  away  the 
softer  strata,  leaving  the  harder  in  place,  and  ultimately Jforms 
either  a  deep  cave,  as  at  Moll  Davy's  House,  Speke's  Mill,  or  a 
complete  tunnel,  as  at  Smoothland,  Blegberry.  Sometimes 
large  holes  are  made  in  the  hard  strata  which  the  sea  has  failed 
to  wear  away  and  which  run  out  from  the  cliff  as  buttresses  ;  a 
good  example  of  this  may  be  seen  at  Speke's  Mill.  As  Mr. 
Arber  says  :  "No  words  can  convey  the  wildness  and  grandeur 
of  these  cliffs,  as  seen  from  the  shore — the  scenes  baffle  descrip- 
tion completely." 

Another  peculiar  feature  of  the  Hartland  chff  scenery  is  the 
sea-dissected  valley.  This  is  a  very  rare  phenomenon,  though 
there  are  two  excellent  examples  at  Hartland,  one  between 
St.  Catherine's  Tor  and  Hartland  Quay,  and  the  other  at  Bleg- 
berry. In  the  majority  of  cases  rivers  and  streams  enter  the 
sea  at  right  angles  to  the  coast-hne,  but  it  sometimes  happens 
that  they  make  a  bend  and  run  parallel  to  it  before  thev  actually 
enter  the  sea.  In  such  cases  the  sea  will,  as  a  rule,  cut  through 
the  cliff  at  the  bend  and  dissect  the  lower  portion  of  the  valley, 
so  that  the  waters  will  jbe  captured  by  the  sea  at  some 
distance  from  the  original  mouth  and  will  then  enter  the  sea 
at  right  angles  to  the  coast.  In  the  first  example,  the  stream 
now  discharges  at  the  north  side  of  St.  Catherine's  Tor,  which  is 
part  of  the  remains  of  the  seaward  wall  of  its  valley,  but  it 
formerly  ran  along  parallel  with  the  coast  and  discharged  at 
Hartland  Quay.  The  force  of  the  sea  may  be  gauged  from  the 
fact  that  in   1878  the  pier  at  Hartland  Quay  was  complete, 


62  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

forming  an  apparently  snug  little  harbour,  but  since  that  date 
the  whole  has  been  swept  away  by  the  waves  and  now  not  one 
stone  remains  upon  another.  In  the  example  at  Blegberry, 
the  stream  now  discharges  at  Sandpath,  but  it  formerly  ran 
along  the  valley  between  Blegberry  and  Smoothland  and  dis- 
charged at  the  side  of  Dame  Hole. 

A  short  distance  to  the  north  of  Blegberry  is  Hartland  Point. 
The  lighthouse,  which  was  erected  in  1874  on  a  rock  beyond  the 
Point  itself,  is  a  remarkable  piece  of  engineering,  for  the  surveyor 
was  unable  to  get  anywhere  near  the  site,  and  was  obliged  to 
make  his  plans  from  observations  and  measurements  taken 
from  a  ship  at  sea.  A  road  to  it  was  first  cut  along  the  cliff  on 
the  north  side.  The  Point  is  350  feet  high,  and  was  formerly 
a  picturesque  object,  but  its  natural  beauty  has  been  largely 
spoilt  by  the  erection  on  the  high  ground  behind  it  of  a  naval 
signalling  station  and  a  wireless  telegraph  installation.  The 
approach  to  it  is  rather  difficult,  along  a  narrow  ridge  where  a 
slip  would  be  fatal,  but  the  ascent  is  worth  the  risk,  for  on  the 
top  there  is  not  only  a  lovely  view  on  all  sides,  but  there  is  also 
a  complete  calm,  and  the  climate  is  so  mild  that  primroses  have 
been  picked  there  at  Christmas.  Indeed,  in  all  sheltered 
positions  at  Hartland  flowers  and  shrubs  grow  in  the  utmost 
profusion^ — myrtles,  fuchsias,  escallonias,  and  even  geraniums 
become  trees  reaching  as  high  as  the  walls  of  the  houses,  and 
the  whole  district  is  a  veritable  "  fern  paradise." 

A  few  months  ago  I  was  shown  a  copy  of  The  Hartland  News 
from  a  very  modern  and  up-to-date  Hartland,  situated  in 
Waukesha  County,  Wisconsin,  U.S.A.  The  chief  feature  was 
a  leading  article  on  our  own  local  paper.  The  Hartlatid  Chronicle, 
which  has  attained  world-wide  celebrity  as  the  "  one-man  news- 
paper," and  has  published  correspondence  and  articles  in  Italian, 
Danish,  Welsh,  Irish,  Marathi,  and  Taal  (Cape  Dutch),  to  say 
nothing  of  Esperanto  and  Simplified  Spelling  ;  according  to 
this  American  paper  ours  is  the  oldest  Hartland  in  the  world, 
and  was  in  existence  as  far  back  as  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  What 
would  the  editor  have  said  if  she — for  the  editor  is  a  lady — had 
known  that  our  history  really  goes  back  to  the  beginning  of  the 
Christian  era  ? 

About  1800  years  ago  the  famous  geographer,  Ptolemy  of 
Alexandria,  gave  the  name  Hercules  Promontory  to  a  cape  which 
has  been  universally  identified  with  our  Hartland  Point,  or,  as 
sailors  prefer  to  call  it,  Harty  Point.  This  one  stubborn  fact 
has  furnished  food  for  the  speculation  of  many  antiquaries. 
One  suggests  that,  after  slaying  Albion,  Neptune's  son,  in  Gaul, 
Hercules  may  have  crossed  over  into  Britain  in  his  golden  bowl  ; 


cz' 


I  — HARTLAND    POINT    FROM    THE    SEA. 
2.— HARTLAND    QUAY    IN    1878. 


Op/>ositt  p.  bi 


Farthest  from  Railways:  An  Unknown  Comer  of  Devon    63 


another  thinks  that,  as  Ptolemy  got  his  information  from 
Phoenician  sailors,  the  name  Hercules  refers  to  the  Tyrian  god 
Melkarth,  the  Baal  of  the  Bible,  and  that  a  temple  may  have 
been  erected  to  this  god  at  Hartland  Point  ;  while  a  third, 
misled  by  a  forgery,  gravely  asserts  that  two  pillars  were  actually 
erected  there  in  honour  of  Hercules,  and  that  the  Phoenicians 
undoubtedly  carried  on  a  trade  of  some  importance  with  the 
natives.  The  greatest  living  authority  on  Celtic  Britain  has 
suggested  that  Hercules  may  in  this  case  be  identified  with  one 
of  the  heroes  of  the  Arthurian  legend. 

It  is  probable  that  in  Ptolemy's  time  the  people  at  Hartland 
belonged  to  a  tribe  or  clan  of  the  British  or  Celtic  kingdom  of 
Dumnonia,  which  extended  over  the  present  counties  of  Devon 
and  Cornwall,  and,  if  Germany  wins  the  present  war,  is  destined 
to  become  the  future  Kingdom  of  England.  Although  the 
Romans  nominally  occupied  the  country,  there  is  no  definite 
evidence  that  they  ever  reached  this  corner  of  Devon.  Kingsley, 
indeed,  speaks  of  Clovelly  Dykes  as  a  Roman  camp,  and  refers 
in  vivid  language  to  a  Roman  villa  on  the  top  of  St.  Catherine's 
Tor,  "  now  tumbling  into  the  sea,  tesselated  pavements,  baths, 
and  all ;  "  but  this  building,  as  the  name  of  the  hill  implies,  is 
more  likely  to  have  been  a  chapel  dedicated  to  that  saint,  and 
the  Dykes  are  considered  by  modem  antiquaries  to  have  been 
the  fortified  town  of  some  British  king.  Indeed,  it  seems  to  be 
quite  a  fair  conjecture  that  these  wonderful  earthworks,  enclosing 
an  area  of  twenty  acres  and  having  five  rings  of  defence,  may 
have  been  raised  by  the  renowned  Arthur  himself,  for  Hartland 
is  almost  at  the  centre  of  Arthur's  land,  which  extended  along 
the  coast  from  Tintagel  to  the  River  Parret.  The  parish  has 
remains  of  "  cliff  castles  "  at  Windbury  Head  on  the  north,  and 
Embury  Beacon  on  the  west,  and  it  is  reputed  to  have  had  one 
also  on  Hartland  Point  itself.  Just  beyond  the  boundary  is 
the  large  grave-mound  called  Woolley  Barrows,  and  about  a 
score  of  smaller  grave-mounds  are  marked  on  the  Ordnance 
Map  within  the  parish,  most  of  them  on  or  about  Bursdon  Moor, 
the  probable  scene  of  many  a  conflict  between  the  Dumnonian 
or  Cornish  Britons  and  the  all-conquering  Saxons. 

It  has  been  pointed  out  that  "  where  tradition  says  that  King 
Arthur  was  strong,  there  recorded  history  would  have  it  King 
Alfred  was  undoubted  master,"  and  we  know  that  "  Heorting- 
tunc  "  (Harton — in  Domesday  Book  "  Hertitone  ")  was  one  of 
the  possessions  which  Alfred  left  in  his  will  to  his  elder  son 
Edward,  and  which,  extending  from  Stratton  to  Cheddar, 
"  seem  to  follow  roughly  the  shadowy  outlines  of  the  great 
Arthurian  kingdom."     It  is  generally  assumed  that  it  was  not 


64  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

until  about  750  that  the  Saxons  gained  possession  of  the  whole 
of  Devon,  but,  as  Arthur  is  represented  as  fighting  against  them 
at  Badon  Hill,  near  Bath,  in  520,  and  the  evidence  of  place-names 
and  dialect  shows  that  the  northern  part  of  Cornwall  is  more 
closely  alHed  to  North  Devon  than  to  the  rest  of  Cornwall,  it  is 
at  least  possible  that  the  Arthurian  Kingdom  was  conquered  some 
time  before  the  rest  of  the  Dumnonian  peninsula.  The  thorough- 
ness of  the  conquest  is  shown  by  the  fact  that  most  of  our 
place-names  and  nearly  all  our  dialect  words  are  pure  Saxon. 
The  names  Hartland  and  Harton  are  more  likely  to  have  been 
derived  from  a  Saxon  settlement  of  Heortings,  or  men  of  the 
clan  of  Heort  or  Heard,  as  the  earliest  form  "  Heortingtune  " 
indicates,  than  to  have  any  connection  with  Hercules,  or  to 
have  been  derived  from  the  number  of  harts  found  in  the  place, 
as  suggested  by  Leland,  the  antiquary. 

In  King  Arthur's  time  there  arrived  at  Hartland  a  Christian 
missionary,  called  Nectan  or  Knighton,*  to  whom  the  present 
church  is  dedicated.  He  appears  to  have  been  one  of  a  large 
body  of  Irish-Welsh  people,  who  were  driven  out  of  Wales  and 
settled  in  Cornwall  and  Devon.  He  is  represented  in  legend  as 
the  eldest  and  most  distinguished  member  of  the  large  family 
of  Brychan,  a  Welsh  kinglet,  after  whom  Brecknockshire  is 
named.  He  probably  landed  at  Padstow,  and  worked  his  way 
along  the  coast,  setthng  first  at  St.  Nectan's  Kieve,  Tintagel. 
Leaving  here,  he  continued  to  move  northwards  to  Hartland, 
accompanied  possibly  by  his  sister  Morwenna  as  far  as  Morwen- 
stow,  to  which  parish  she  has  given  her  name.  Of  his  life  at 
Hartland  we  know  nothing,  but  we  are  told  that  one  17th  of 
June  he  was  pursued  through  the  woods  by  a  band  of  ruffians,  and 
was  finally  caught  and  beheaded  at  the  place  now  called  Newton, 
where  a  church  was  erected  in  his  honour.  Taking  his  head  in 
his  hands,  in  the  manner  of  these  old-world  saints,  he  walked  as 
far  as  St.  Nectan's  Well  at  Stoke,  and  there,  after  placing  the 
head  upon  a  certain  stone,  he  died.  As  a  proof  of  the  miracle, 
the  chronicler  tells  us  that  the  marks  of  blood  remained 'bn  the 
stone  to  his  day.  The  legend  was  probably  invented  to  account 
for  the  transference  of  the  church  from  Newton  to  Stoke,  and 
there  are  good  reasons  for  supposing  that  there  was  a  still  earlier 
church  on  the  opposite  hill,  at  Cheristow,  i.e.  Church-stow,  the 
place  of  the  church,  where  there  was  afterwards  a  chapel 
dedicated  to  St.  Wenn,  another  sister  of  St.  Nectan.  At  any 
rate,  the  saint's  relics  were  carefully  preserved  at  Stoke  Church, 

*  For  a  full  account  of  St.  Nectan,  see  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Chanter's  article 
on  "  The  Saints  of  Devon,"  in  the  Devonian  Year  Book,  1915. 


Farthest  Jroni  Railways  :  An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon    65 

probably  beneath  the  high  ahar,  until  they  were  scattered  to 
the  winds  at  the  Reformation.  His  statue  in  a  canopied  niche 
in  the  eastern  face  of  the  church  tower  represents  him  as  a 
bishop,  and  there  are  very  crude  representations  of  his  head  on 
the  two  old  Abbey  seals.  Another  holy  well  is  St.  Clare's  at 
Philham,  which  has  a  mutilated  image  of  a  female  saint  inside 
it.  Mr.  Chanter  considers  that  the  original  of  this  saint  was 
St.  Cleder,  a  brother  or  nephew  of  St.  Nectan,  and  that  the 
name,  being  shortened  into  Cleer,  was  taken  in  later  times  to 
be  a  woman's  name. 

Tradition  says  that  the  first  church  at  Stoke  was  built  about 
1060  by  Gytha,  wife  of  the  great  Earl  Godwin  and  mother  of 
King  Harold,  and  that  she  dedicated  it  to  St.  Nectan  because 
she  believed  the  prayers  of  that  saint  had  saved  her  husband 
from  shipwreck,  presumably  off  our  wreck-strewn  coast.  It  is 
striking  to  find  that  at  Harold's  great  foundation,  Waltham 
Abbey,  a  bone  of  St.  Nectan  was  one  of  its  most  treasured  relics. 
It  is  probable  that  at  the  same  time  Gytha  founded  the  college 
of  twelve  canons  or  priests,  which  certainly  existed  at  Stoke 
before  the  Norman  Conquest,  and  that  she  endowed  it  with 
lands  which  were  taken  from  her  great  manor  of  Harton  and 
subsequentl}-  formed  the  manor  of  Stoke  St.  Nectan — ^Nistenestoc 
in  Domesday  Book.  After  the  Conquest  the  manor  of  Harton, 
which  had  probably  been  a  royal  manor  from  the  time  of  King 
Alfred  until  it  was  granted  to  Gytha,  was  seized  with  the  rest  of 
the  lands  of  Gytha  and  her  family,  by  William  himself,  and 
again  became  royal  property  ;  while  the  manor  of  Stoke  was 
granted  to  "  Girold  the  chaplain,"  probably ithe  King's  own 
chaplain.  The  other  manors  in  the  parish — Milford,  South 
Hole,  and  Meddon — were  small  and  insignificant.  The  im- 
portance of  Harton,  which  included,  and  still  includes,  a  con- 
siderable part  of  the  present  parish  of  Woolfardisworthy,  may 
be  estimated  from  the  fact  that  it  was  assessed  at  nine  hides, 
the  hide  being  the  unit  of  assessment,  while  the  whole  Hundred 
of  Hartland,  including  the  parishes  of  Hartland,  Clovelly, 
Woolfardisworthy,  and  the  detached  parish  of  Yarnscombe, 
was  only  assessed  at  twenty  hides.  Clovelly  and  Bideford 
were  assessed  at  three  hides  each,  and  Stoke  at  two  hides.  This 
relative  importance  of  Hartland  was  maintained  until  the 
seventeenth  century,  for  the  parish  registers  prove  that  until 
1620  Hartland  had  a  larger  population  than  Bideford,  and  in 
Elizabeth's  reign  it  actually  had  twice  the  number  registered 
at  Bideford  and  more  than  half  the  number  at  Barnstaple.  At 
the  beginning  of  last  century,  when  the  first  census  was 
taken,  the  population  of  Hartland  was  still  more  than   one- 


66  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


half  that    of    Bideford,    and    more    than    two-fifths     that    of 
Barnstaple. 

Soon  after  Domesday  Book  was  compiled,  the  manor  of 
Harton  was  granted  to  a  member  of  the  noble  family  of  Dynham, 
from  Dinan  in  Brittany,  and  about  1170  Geoffrey  son  of  OUver 
Dynham,  founded  the  Abbey  in  place  of  the  college  of  priests 
at  Stoke.  The  manor  remained  in  the  family  until  the  death, 
in  1502,  of  John,  Lord  Dynham,  Lord  High  Treasurer  of  England, 
when  it  passed  to  the  representatives  of  his  four  sisters. 
Tradition  says  that  the  Dynhams  had  their  castle  at  the  place 
now  known  as  Castle,  near  Blegberry,  where  the  remains  of  the 
large  fish-pond  may  still  be  seen,  but,  although  this  was  one  of 
the  three  sections  of  the  demesne  or  home  farm  of  the  manor 
in  1301,  there  is  no  record  of  any  castle  building  there  at  that 
date.  The  mansion  or  dwelling-house  was  then  in  the  middle 
section  of  the  demesne,  within  the  South  Deer  Park,  near 
Hartland  Town.  However,  the  tradition  of  a  castle  at  Blegberry 
seems  to  be  kept  up  by  means  of  a  fortified  farm-house,  sur- 
rounded by  a  strong  wall  having  an  observation  platform  and 
loop-holes  for  guarding  the  approach  and  entrance  door.  The 
date  of  the  house  itself,  as  given  on  some  ornamental  plaster- 
work  in  the  entrance  hall,  is  1627. 

The  foundation  of  the  abbey — the  only  one  in  North  Devon — 
was  due  to  the  influence  of  Richard  of  Ilchester,  archdeacon  of 
Poitiers,  and  afterwards  Bishop  of  Winchester.  It  was  of  the 
order  of  Austin  Canons,  as  modified  by  the  rule  of  the  brethren 
of  St.  Nicholas  of  Arroasia,  according  to  which  they  had  to 
abstain  from  flesh  altogether,  to  wear  no  shirts,  but  to  lie  at 
night  in  woollen  tunics,  and  to  keep  strict  silence.  It  is  doubtful 
whether  this  modified  form  of  the  Augustinian  rule  was  ever 
strictly  followed,  and  by  the  middle  of  the  fourteenth  century 
we  find  that  even  the  simpler  form  had  been  sadly  relaxed. 
The  canons  then  had  private  huts  where  they  held  feasts  and 
drinking-bouts  with  each  other,  and  even  with  the  lay  brethren  ; 
and  they  were  enjoined  by  the  bishop  to  frequent  only  the 
one  known  as  the  Prior's  Cot  (Prioriscawet),  and  not  the  one  of 
which  Richard  de  Chudbrook,  one  of  the  canons,  kept  the  key. 
They  were  apparently  in  the  habit  of  taking  part  in  hunting  and 
fowling,  and  of  keeping  horses  and  dogs. 

The  head  of  the  convent  was,  of  course,  the  abbot ;  and  a  very 
important  man  he  was.  His  will  was  law,  subject  only  to  the 
rules  of  the  order  and  the  control  of  the  bishop.  He  had  a  town 
house  in  High  Street,  Exeter,  and  in  the  abbey  itself  he  lived  in 
his  own  lodgings,  apart  from  the  others.  The  number  of  canons 
was  originally  only  twelve,  but  this  was  afterwards  increased  to 


6^ 


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9K  ^HjM^^  >-                      I^^B 

BHk 

Farthest  from  Railways  :  An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon    67 

fourteen.  Their  dress  consisted  of  a  long  black  cassock  and  a 
white  rochet  or  surplice,  over  which  was  worn  a  black  cloak 
with  a  hood.  They  differed  from  monks  in  allowing  their  beards 
to  grow,  and  in  wearing  caps. 

We  have  no  means  of  picturing  to  ourselves  what  the  old 
monastic  buildings  were  like,  for  no  illustration  of  them  is  known 
to  exist,  and,  with  the  exception  of  one  or  two  granite  doorways 
and  the  like  in  the  basement,  no  remains  are  now  to  be  found  in 
their  original  position.  When  the  present  abbey  was  built, 
about  1780,  the  old  belfry  tower  still  stood  at  the  north-east 
corner,  and  was  so  strongly  built  that  it  had  to  be  undermined 
and  buried  whole  in  a  trench  dug  for  the  purpose.  The  north 
wing  of  the  buildings  at  that  time,  the  dining  hall  (72  feet  long), 
and  the  cloisters  also  formed  part  of  the  monastery,  but  all  were 
pulled  down.  The  arches  of  the  cloisters,  which  were  trefoliated 
examples  of  the  Decorated  style  of  architecture,  are  said  to  have 
been  built  into  the  basement,  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  many 
of  the  original  arches  remain.  A  Latin  inscription,  which  is 
still  to  be  seen,  informs  us  that  the  cloisters  were  built  of  coloured 
marble  at  the  beginning  of  the  fourteenth  century.  The  present 
building  was  originally  designed  in  a  monastic  style,  and  had  a 
cross  on  the  top,  but  it  has  since  been  considerably  modified. 

At  the  dissolution  of  the  abbey,  with  the  other  greater 
monasteries,  in  1539,  its  total  income  was  £306  3s.  2\d.  and  a 
pair  of  gloves.  The  abbot  was  granted  the  large  pension  of  £60, 
but  the  prior  only  received  £6  13s.  Ad.  The  latter  remained  at 
Hartland,  and  for  some  years  served  as  mass-priest  in  ''St. 
Mary's  Guild,"  the  north  chancel  aisle  of  the  parish  church,  at 
the  sole  charge  of  Hugh  Prust,  of  Thorry,  whose  initials  still 
appear  on  some  of  the  bench  ends  in  the  opposite  chancel  aisle, 
though  visitors  are  often  told  that  these  letters  stand  for 
'■  Hartland  Parish."  The  bulk  of  the  abbey  property  in  the 
parish  was  granted  to  WiUiam  Abbott,  the  king's  butler.  The 
church  is  splendidly  situated  on  the  hill  overlooking  the  abbey 
valley,  and,  on  account  of  its  size  and  the  beauty  of  several 
of  its  features,  it  is  frequently  alluded  to  as  ''  The  Cathedral  of 
North  Devon."  It  has  been  thus  described  in  immortal  verse  by 
the  poet-parson  of  Morwenstow  : — 

"  How  wildly  sweet  by  Hartland  Tower, 
The  thrilling  voice  of  prayer  : 
A  seraph,  from  his  cloudy  bower. 
Might  lean  to  listen  there. 

For  time,  and  place,  and  storied  days, 

To  that  great  fane  has  given 
Hues  that  might  win  an  angel's  gaze, 

'Mid  scenery  of  heaven. 


y 


6S  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

Above,  the  ocean  breezes  sweep, 

With  footsteps  firm  and  free  : 
Around,  the  mountains  guard  the  deep, 

Beneath,  the  wide,  wide  sea. 

Enter  !    the  arching  roofs  expand. 

Like  vessels  on  the  shore  : 
Inverted,  when  the  fisher-band 

Might  tread  their  planks  no  more. 

But  reared  on  high  in  that  stern  form. 

Lest  faithless  hearts  forget 
The  men  that  braved  the  ancient  storm, 

And  hauled  the  early*  net. 

The  tracery  of  a  quaint  old  time 

Still  weaves  the  chancel  screen : 
And  tombs,  with  many  a  broken  rhyme, 

Suit  well  this  simple  scene. 

A  Norman  font,  with  baptism  bright, 

The  womb  of  mystic  birth ; 
An  altar,  where  in  angels'  sight, 

Their  Lord  descends  to  earth. 

Here  glides  the  spirit  of  the  psalm. 

Here  breathes  the  soul  of  prayer  : 
The  awful  church — so  hushed — so  calm — 

Ah  !    surely  God  is  there." 

The  approach  to  the  church  is  by  a  short  avenue  of  scarred 
hme  trees  leading  to  a  lych  gate,  which  is  flanked  by  a  very 
broad  and  massive  granite  stile.  Just  outside  is  the  old  church- 
house,  now  converted  into  cottages,  and  there  are  also  other 
quaint  cottages  in  the  village. 

The  church  is  cruciform  in  shape,  consisting  of  nave  and 
chancel,  with  north  and  south  aisles  to  each  ;  north  and  south 
transepts  and  porches  ;  and  a  western  tower.  In  the  absence 
of  records,  its  age  can  only  be  determined  by  the  style  of  archi- 
tecture. All,  except  the  tower,  is  of  the  Decorated  period 
(about  1350),  while  the  tower  is  early  Perpendicular  (about  1420). 
Unfortunately,  when  the  church  was  restored,  in  1848,  new 
windows  of  the  Perpendicular  style  were  inserted,  representing 
a  later  period  than  the  body  of  the  church.  The  Norman  font 
is,  of  course,  of  much  earUer  date  (probably  about  1180),  and 
the  screen  and  altar  tomb  are  somewhat  later  (about  1450). 

A  striking  feature  of  the  nave  is  the  large  span  of  its  arches. 
It  is  said  that  the  piers  incline  outwards,  which,  together  with 
the  "  wagon  "  roof,  increases  the  resemblance  to  an  inverted 
ship,  as  indicated  in  Hawker's  poem.  This  peculiarity  is  not 
uncommon,  especially  in  churches  near  the  sea,  and  was  intended 
to  symbolize  that  the  Church  was  the  Ark  of  God. 


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Farthest  from  Railways:  An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon    69 

The  great  west  tower,  though  plain,  is  a  very  noble  structure, 
and  is  grandly  placed,  forming  a  conspicuous  object  for  many 
miles  both  by  land  and  by  sea.  It  is  144  feet  in  height,  and  is 
said  to  be  the  highest  tower  of  any  ancient  parish  church  in 
Devon,  and,  with  one  exception,  in  England.  The  pinnacles 
are  crocketed,  and  terminate  in  crosses  instead  of  the  more  usual 
finials.  In  addition  to  the  statue  of  St.  Nectan  on  the  eastern 
face,  there  are  grotesque  animal  gargoyles  at  each  corner,  below 
the  parapet,  which  carry  off  the  roof  water.  The  lofty  arch, 
28  feet  high,  opening  into  the  church,  is  "  unequalled  in  the 
county  for  the  bold  style  of  the  mouldings  and  capitals,"  but  it 
was  at  one  time  blocked  up  by  a  music  gallery,  where  the 
"  musickers  "  played  their  fiddles,  clarinets,  and  "  bass  viols," 
and,  although  it  was  carefully  scraped  at  the  restoration  in 
1848,  it  has  since  been  again  coated  with  whitewash. 

The  tower  contains  six  bells,  all  having  been  cast  in  1826 
and  one  recast  in  1886.  At  the  former  date,  the  famous  bell- 
founders,  W.  &  J.  Taylor,  undertook  to  cast  six  bells  from  the 
metal  of  the  five  old  ones,  and  to  pay  themselves  with  the  surplus 
metal,  which  was  estimated  to  weigh  20  cwt.,  and  to  be  worth 
;^5  the  cwt.  The  new  bells  were  to  weigh  50  cwt.  and  to  be  half 
a  tone  sharper,  and  the  founders  guaranteed  that  they  should 
be  heard  farther  than  the  old  ones,  and  that  their  tone  should  be 
loud,  sweet,  and  pleasing.  This  curious  arrangement  is 
indicated  by  the  quaint  inscription  on  one  of  them  : — 

"  The  names  of  Dennis,  Heard,  Chope,  and  Rowe 
With  us  can  never  die : 
They  saved  our  hves  ;    not  only  so. 
But  bade  us  multiply." 

Another  bell  has  the  curious  inscription  : — 

"  We  are  a  beacon  to  your  God  ; 
Attend  our  call  and  'scape  his  rod." 

The  roofs  throughout  the  church  are  of  the  "  wagon  "  type, 
those  of  the  chancel  and  the  new  portion  of  the  north  aisle  being 
open-timbered,  and  the  remainder  pannelled,  in  some  cases  with 
plain  boarding,  in  others  plastered  and  whitewashed.  A  large 
portion  of  the  nave  roof  is  vividly  decorated  with  painted  stars, 
the  colours  being  red  stars  on  a  buff  background,  and  yellow  on 
blue,  in  alternate  panels.  But  the  most  beautiful  of  all  is  the 
roof  of  "  St.  Mary's  Guild,"  considered  by  experts  to  be  the 
finest  piece  of  roofing  of  its  kind  in  the  county.  It  is  apparently 
of  fourteenth  century  work,  and  is  probably  contemporary  with 
the  church  itself.  It  is  elaborately  carved  and  richly  gilded 
and  coloured.    The  pattern  in  each  panel  is  different  from  all 


70  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

the  others,  and  the  bosses  are  particularly  beautiful  in  design. 
The  roof  was  in  a  very  dilapidated  condition,  but  it  has  been 
splendidly  restored  under  the  careful  supervision  of  Mr.  Herbert 
Read,  as  a  memorial  to  Thomas  Chope,  of  Farford,  and  his  wife 
ElizalDeth  Abbott. 

The  font  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  examples  known  of  the 
late  Norman  period.  The  upper  part,  which  is  ornamented 
with  intersecting  arcade  work,  is  square — an  unusual  feature  in 
most  districts  ;  and  it  is  supported  by  a  cylindrical  stem  upon 
a  square  base.  The  stem  has  cable  mouldings,  separated  by 
zigzag  channelhng,  which,  according  to  the  Rev.  R.  S.  Hawker,  re- 
presents "  the  ripple  on  the  lake  of  Gennesareth,  the  Spirit  breath- 
ing upon  the  waters  of  baptism."  According  to  the  same 
authority,  the  carved  heads  at  the  corners  of  the  upper  part 
and  the  base  represent  respectively  the  baptized,  or  saved,  look- 
ing down  upon  the  unbaptized,  or  damned,  from  whom  they 
are  divided  by  the  waters  of  baptism. 

The  statement  sometimes  made,  that  Hartland  Church  still 
has  its  stone  altar  standing  in  its  original  place,  is  quite  incorrect. 
The  present  altar  is  certainly  of  stone,  but  it  is  really  not  an 
altar  at  all,  but  a  tomb,  and  was  brought  from  the  Abbey  at  the 
time  of  the  church  restoration,  when  it  was  known  as  "  the 
abbot's  tomb."  The  original  stone  altar  slab,  or  perhaps  two 
of  them  (for  there  were  several  altars  in  the  church),  may,  how- 
ever, still  be  seen  in  the  churchyard,  just  inside  the  lych-gate. 
There  are,  at  any  rate,  two  slabs,  and  the  five  incised  crosses, 
always  found  on  pre-Reformation  altars,  can  easily  be  traced  on 
one  of  them.  Until  recently  they  were  placed  beneath  a 
hollowed  block  which  apparently  formed  the  base  or  sub-base 
of  the  churchyard  cross.  This,  in  an  inverted  position,  in  which 
it  resembles  a  font,  has  now  been  placed  inside  the  church.  A 
new  cross  was  erected  on  the  site  in  1897.  A  side  altar  with 
canopy,  of  early  Flemish  work,  has  recently  been  placed  in 
"  St.  Mary's  Guild,"  in  memory  of  Sir  Lewis  Stucley,  Bart.,  and 
altar  rails  and  a  litany  stool  respectively  in  the  chancel  and 
nave,  both  in  memory  of  the  late  vicar,  the  Rev.  T.  H.  Chope. 
The  glory  of  the  church  is  the  magnificent  rood  screen,  extend- 
ing across  its  entire  width.  It  is  45  ft.  6  in.  long,  12  ft.  6  in. 
high,  and  5  ft.  10  in.  across  the  top.  It  is  certainly  the  largest 
screen  in  the  county,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  many,  the  most 
beautiful.  "  It  is  noblj''  proportioned,  and  nothing  could  exceed 
the  briUiance  of  its  marvellous  workmanship."  The  cornices 
in  particular  are  sumptuous,  having  a  triple  series  of  vine-leaf 
enrichments,  divided  by  twisted  hollow  beads,  which  enhance 
the  richness,  and  having  dehcate  crestings  above  and  below. 


-70 


i.— THE    CHURCH    SCREEN.— DETAILS    OF    CARVING. 
2.— THE    ALTAR. 


< 


Farthest  from  Railways  :  An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon    71 

The  whole  screen  was  probably  richly  painted  and  gilded  when 
it  was  first  erected,  but  the  colours  were  then  applied  with  thin 
spirit,  instead  of,  as  now,  with  oil.  The  work  is  purely  English, 
and  its  excellence  may  be  judged  from  the  fact  that,  although 
one  of  the  earliest  of  the  famous  Devonshire  screens,  it  has  never 
been  "  restored,"  but  still  remains  in  an  almost  perfect  state  of 
preservation,  the  crestings  and  missing  bosses  having  recently 
been  made  good  by  Mr.  Herbert  Read. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  this  was  not  the  first  screen  in 
the  church,  for  the  notches  in  the  pillars,  and  the  blocked-up 
doonvay  in  the  wall  above,  show  that  there  was  an  earlier  screen 
extending  between  the  pillars,  and  thus  situated  to  the  east  of 
the  present  screen.  In  fact,  this  could  not  have  been  placed  in 
proper  position  in  the  old  church  on  account  of  its  size,  so  the 
arches  were  raised  in  order  to  accommodate  it,  and  are  thus 
lop-sided.  The  staircase  in  the  south  wall  for  access  to  the 
rood-loft  is  still  in  existence,  and  in  it  is  a  sort  of  chimney  or 
flue,  which  was  probably  surmounted  by  a  bell  turret  and  formed 
the  passage  for  the  rope  of  the  sanctus  bell. 

In  1637  the  famous  organ-builder,  John  Loosemoore,  who 
designed  the  case  of  the  organ  in  Exeter  Cathedral,  was  paid  £4 
"  for  setting  of  ye  Organs  upon  ye  roudeloft,"  and  John  Gibbins 
was  employed  to  "  erect  and  new  build  upon  the  roodloffe  on 
both  sides  of  the  Organs  there  so  many  seates  as  the  same  will 
conveniently  containe."  In  1650  the  organ  was  taken  down 
again,  and  additional  seats  were  erected  in  its  place.  Another 
organ  was  placed  on  the  screen  in  1846,  but  was  soon  afterwards 
removed  to  the  chamber  over  the  vestry,  which  is  now  walled 
off,  and  later  it  was  again  transferred  to  the  floor  of  the  north 
chancel  aisle.  It  is  now  in  the  Chapel  of  Ease,  in  Hartland  Town, 
and  a  larger  organ,  obtained  second-hand  from  Ventnor,  has  been 
placed  in  the  north  transept. 

There  is  another  feature  of  the  church  which  is  deserving  of 
mention,  and  that  is  the  parvise  or  room  over  the  north  porch, 
generally  known  as  "  Pope's  chamber,"  which  was  occupied  in 
pre-Reformation  times  by  the  sacristan  or  sexton,  who  lived 
there  and  took  charge  of  the  church  and  its  treasures.  Accord- 
ing to  tradition,  this,  and  not  the  tower,  was  the  scene  of  the 
legend  told  in  Hawker's  poem,  "  The  Cell  by  the  Sea,"  which 
narrates — 

"  How  once  the  monk,  with  name  unknown. 
Prepared  that  silent  cell. 

He  came  with  griefs  that  shunned  the  light, 

With  vows  long  breathed  in  vain  : 
Those  arches  heard,  at  dead  of  night, 

The  lash,  the  shriek,  the  pain 


72  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


The  prayer  that  rose  and  fell  in  tears. 

The  sob,  the  bursting  sigh  : 
Till  woke,  with  agony  of  years. 

The  exceeding  bitter  cry. 

This  lasted  long — as  life  will  wear, 
E'en  though  in  anguish  nurs'd — 

Few  know  what  human  hearts  can  bear 
Before  their  sinews  burst. 


Think  not  that  deserts  soothe  despair. 

Or  shame  in  cells  is  screen 'd; 
For  Thought,  the  demon,  will  be  there. 

And  Memory,  the  fiend." 

In  this  chamber  are  preserved  the  panels  of  an  old  Jacobean 
pulpit,  the  parish  stocks,  and  the  barrel  mechanism  of  the 
former  organ.  The  pulpit  is  interesting,  and  of  unusual  design. 
It  was  bought  in  1609  for  £\  13s.  Ad.,  but  the  curious  inscription 
"  GOD  .  SAVE  .  KINGE  .  JAMES  .  FINES  "  was  not  added 
until  1625,  the  year  of  James's  death,  and  it  is  thought  that 
the  last  word  refers  to  this  event.  In  addition  to  the  carved 
panels,  the  pulpit  had  also  the  carved  figure  of  a  tusked  goat, 
but  both  this  and  the  word  "  fines  "  remain  a  puzzle  to  the 
antiquary. 

The  church  plate  is  of  special  interest  on  account  of  the  history 
of  the  chalice  and  its  cover,  the  only  original  pre-restoration 
plate  in  the  Hartland  Deanery.  The  cover  had  been  missing 
from  time  immemorial,  but  has  recently  been  found  in  a  cart- 
rut  about  a  mile  away  from  the  church.  Although  the  design 
is  Elizabethan,  the  church  accounts  show  that  the  chalice  was 
made  at  Exeter  in  1634,  and  the  cover  bears  this  date,  together 
with  the  name  "  Hartland  "  and  the  treasurer's  initials.  In 
1647  the  parish  clerk,  Charles  Deyman,  was  paid  13s.  Ad.  for 
preserving  this  chalice  from  the  troopers,  and  the  cover  may 
have  been  lost  at  that  time.  The  chalice  seems  to  be  very  large, 
but  the  amount  of  wine  bought  and  consumed  was  prodigious  ; 
in  one  year,  20  gallons  were  bought  "  against  Easter,"  9|  quarts 
for  Whitsunday,  the  same  quantity  for  All  Saints,  and  lOi 
quarts  for  Christmas. 

The  church  registers  are  noteworthy  from  the  fact  that  they 
are  absolutely  complete  from  their  commencement  in  1558  to 
the  present  time.  This  is  probably  due  to  the  facts  that  no 
change  was  made  in  the  incumbency  during  the  stormy  period 
of  the  Commonwealth,  and  that  the  parish  clerk  was  appointed 
registrar.  The  church  accounts,  too,  starting  in  1597,  are  full 
of  interesting  matter,  and  refer  to  many  old-world  customs,  now 


72. 


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Farthest  from  Railways  :  An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon    73 

obsolete,  such  as  providing  armour  for  the  parish  pikemen  and 
musketeers  ;  chained  books  in  the  church  ;  a  dog-whipper  ; 
payments  for  the  destruction  of  foxes  and  other  vermin  ;  briefs 
or  Hcenses  under  the  Great  Seal  to  beg  for  various  objects  (such 
as  the  Great  Fire  of  London)  ;  bell-ringing  on  occasions  of 
pubhc  rejoicing  (such  as  "  the  victory  in  Flanders,"  i.e.,  the 
taking  of  Namur,  in  1695)  ;  redeeming  captives  in  Turkey, 
seamen,  soldiers,  Irish  men,  and  travellers  ;  and  burying  persons 
in  the  church  itself.  This  last  seems  to  us  a  very  repulsive 
custom,  but  people  apparently  attributed  special  virtue  to  it, 
for  one  of  the  epitaphs  says  : — 

"  Tho  I  ly  here  in  confusing  mould, 
I  shall  rise  up  like  shining  gold." 

The  mural  monuments  are  not  of  much  interest,  and  some 
are  supremely  ugly,  one  of  the  worst  being  a  massive  block  of 
white  marble  to  the  memory  of  Paul  Orchard.  The  earliest  is 
to  Anne  Abbott,  who  died  in  1610,  but  the  most  interesting  is  to 
John  A'elly,  who  faithfully  served  that  glorious  prince,  Charles 
the  Martyr,  and  his  son,  during  the  civil  wars  as  a  "  Captain 
Lewetenant  "  to  Sir  Robert  Cary,  and  died  in  1694.  In  the 
floor  of  the  chancel  is  the  table  or  top  of  what  was  once  an 
altar  tomb,  which  stood  in  the  churchyard,  just  outside  the 
chancel  door,  and  is  said  to  have  borne  the  following  inscription  in 
brass  letters  around  the  rim  : — 

"  Here  I  lie  by  the  chancel  door 
Here  I  lie  because  I'm  poor  ; 
The  farther  in,  the  more  they  pay. 
But  here  lie  I  as  warm  as  they." 

It  still  bears  a  small  brass  to  the  memory  of  Thomas  Docton, 
who  died  in  1618.  The  legend  runs  that  he  quarrelled  with  his 
only  son,  and  accidentally  killed  him  through  striking  him  in 
the  temple  with  the  buckle  of  his  sword  belt  ;  hence  the  inscrip- 
tions :  "  God  gives  and  God  takes  away  ;  "  "  Rejoice  not  against 
me,  O  mine  enemy  ;  "  "  Who  art  thou  that  judgest  another 
man's  servant  ?  " 

The  stained  glass  windows,  too,  are  meagre,  poor,  and  unin- 
teresting. Two  of  them,  viz.,  a  small  v/indow  in  the  chancel,  with 
a  figure  of  St.  Nectan,  and  the  tower  window,  are  stated  to  be 
the  gift  of  George  Stucley  and  Lady  Elizabeth  Buck,  in  1848 ; 
emd  an  elaborate  window  in  the  south  chancel  aisle,  the  gift  of 
Lewis  William  and  Ann  Buck — Sir  George  Stucley's  father  and 
mother — in  1850.  Another  windo»\-,  of  fairly  good  colour  but 
conventional  design,  has  recently  been  placed  in  the  nave  to 
the  memory  of  Sir  Lewis  Stucley,  who  died  in  1911. 


74  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

The  church,  strange  to  say,  is  nearly  two  miles  away  from 
the  town  of  Hartland,  or  Harton.  This  was  formerly  a  borough, 
with  portreeve  and  burgesses,  and  held  a  weekly  market  and 
two  annual  fairs,  dating  from  about  1280.  The  last  town-hall, 
which  was  built  about  1612,  occupied  the  site  of  the  present 
ugly  chapel-of-ease,  which  was  erected  from  the  old  materials 
in  1839,  through  the  efforts  of  the  minister,  the  Rev.  William 
Chanter,  who  also  occupied  the  position  of  portreeve  at  the  time. 
The  hall  is  said  to  have  been  a  picturesque  building,  being 
partially  supported  on  pillars,  and  it  was  approached  by  covered 
steps  from  the  square.  In  it  was  transacted  all  the  business  of 
the  borough  and  of  the  clerk  of  the  market,  and  here  the  Justices 
held  their  sessions.  The  old  town  clock  still  remains  in  position, 
and  is  interesting  as  being  probably  one  of  the  oldest  pendulum 
clocks  in  existence.  It  is  of  extremely  rude  construction,  and 
was  originally  made  by  John  Morcombe,  of  Barnstaple,  in  1622-3, 
for  33s.,  and  was  "  new  made  "  (i.e.,  converted  into  a  pendulum 
clock)  by  the  same  clockmaker  in  1657-8  for  £\.  The  space 
beneath  the  hall  was  used  as  the  market-house,  and  contained 
shambles  for  the  butchers,  and  standings  for  hatters,  tawers, 
glovers,  and  others,  for  Hartland  then  carried  on  a  number  of 
manufactures,  the  most  important  of  which  was  weaving, 
which  provided  work  for  two  tucking-mills  or  fulling-mills.  The 
tanning  business  has  only  been  given  up  within  the  memory  of 
persons  still  alive  ;  and  malting,  cheese-making,  brewing,  and 
cider-making  were  carried  on  at  several  farms  until  quite  recent 
times. 

The  town  had  its  stocks,  as  well  as  the  parish,  and  these  also 
are  still  preserved.  It  had  also  a  cucking-stool  for  women,  con- 
sisting of  a  chair  balanced  at  the  end  of  a  long  beam  like  a  see- 
saw, and  mounted  on  wheels  or  runners  ;  the  machine  was 
wheeled  to  the  edge  of  a  pit  or  stream  of  water,  and  the  offender 
was  simply  dipped  as  often  and  as  long  as  necessary.  For 
amusement,  the  authorities  provided  a  bull-baiting  once  or 
twice  annually,  and  they  also  encouraged  cock-fighting  and 
maypole  games.  The  old  bowling-green  at  the  west  end  of 
the  town  has  given  place  to  houses  built  on  the  site. 

Towards  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century,  Hartland  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  Volunteer  movement.  Paul  Orchard, 
the  squire  at  the  Abbey,  was  Lieutenant-Colonel  Commandant 
of  the  North  Devon  Volunteers,  and  afterwards  Colonel  of  the 
North  Devon  Regiment  of  Militia.  The  volunteers  used  to 
assemble  on  the  Abbey  lawn  every  Sunday  morning  for  drill, 
after  which  they  marched  to  church.  It  was  fully  expected 
that  the  French  would  land  at  Blackpool  Mill,  and,  so  great  was 


Farthest  from  Railways  :  An  Unknown  Corner  of  Devon    75 

the  hatred  of  Napoleon,  the  people  chained  his  effigy  to  one  of  the 
devil,  and  set  them  up  on  Hartland  Point.  On  the  very  day 
that  Napoleon  escaped  from  Elba,  a  great  storm  arose,  and 
swept  his  effigy  into  the  sea,  but  the  companion  figure  was  left 
behind,  and  was  then  removed  to  the  church,  where  it  remained 
for  many  years  in  "  Pope's  Chamber." 

It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  Rev.  William  Chanter,  who 
died  in  1859,  had  been  minister  since  1797,  and  had  acted  as 
curate  ten  years  before.  His  successor,  the  Rev.  Thomas  How 
Chope,  died  in  1906,  so  that  between  them  they  served  the 
church  over  a  period  of  nearly  120  years — surely  a  unique  record. 

In  conclusion,  it  might  be  pointed  out  that  it  is  impossible 
within  the  limits  of  a  lecture  to  do  more  than  indicate  some  of 
the  chief  features  of  interest,  but  it  is  hoped  that  at  least  enough 
has  been  said  to  prove  the  falsity  of  the  statement  that  "  there 
is  nothing  to  be  seen  at  Hartland."  It  cannot  be  expected  that 
I  have  succeeded  in  instilling  into  you  my  own  enthusiasm  for 
the  place,  for  it  is  to  me  "  the  fine  land,  the  west  land,  the  land 
where  I  belong,"  and,  as  Rudyard  Kipling  says  : — 

God  gave  all  men  all  earth  to  love, 

But  since  our  hearts  are  small, 
Ordained  for  each  one  spot  should  prove 

Beloved  over  all." 


Hartland  Church  :    An  Appeal. 

This  beautiful  church  is  in  urgent  rtced  of  repair.  The  roof  has  been 
patched  again  and  again,  and  is  now  never  watertight  and  needs  a  thorough 
overhauling  ;  it  may  be  necessary  to  re-roof  the  nave  and  aisles.  The 
floor  of  the  nave  is  below  the  level  of  the  churchyard  on  the  south 
side,  and  there  is  no  system  of  drainage  to  carry  away  rain-water 
from  the  roof.  No  system  of  heating  has  ever  been  installed  The 
church  stands  near  the  cliffs  in  a  most  exposed  position.  The  parish  is 
very  large,  but  the  population  is  very  scanty — less  than  one  to  every 
ten  acres — and  almost  entirely  agricultural. 

The  Vicar  and  Churchwardens  intend  shortly  to  have  a  detailed  report 
of  necessary  repairs  drawn  up  by  a  competent  architect,  but  in  the  mean- 
time they  are  anxious  to  start  a  fund  for  defraying  the  cost  of  such  repairs, 
for  which  at  least  ;^50o  will  be  needed. 

Donations  will  be  thankfully  received  by  them,  and  the  proceeds  of 
the  sale  of  reprints  of  the  above  lecture,  kindly  presented  by  the  author, 
will  be  devoted  to  the  same  fund.  Copies  of  the  booklet  (15.  each,  by 
post  15.  2d.)  may  be  obtained  from  the  Vicar,  Hartland,  North  Devon, 
Mr.  W.  J.  Christmas,  Post  Office,  Hartland,  or  Mr.  J.  C.  Burrow,  Chronicle 
Office,  Hartland. 

Edgar  A.  Luff,   Vicar.        Francis  J.  Wilton  )^.,^^^,„,^,^„^ 
Henry  Haynes        \ Churchwardens. 


76  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


The   Visitors'    Book  :  Hartland  Quay. 

What,  Echo,  shall  I  find  at  Hartland  Quay, 
Save  walls  abandoned  long  ago,  and  sea  ? 

Go,  and  see. 

Nay,  but  describe  it,  Echo,  for  thy  sighs 
My  roving  accents  quaintly  parodize. 

Paradise. 

How  shall  I  reach  (for  wind  and  wave  are  fickle) 
Those  fields  untouched  by  harrow  or  by  sickle  ? 

Bicycle. 

What  of  the  beds  ?     What  portion  waits  the  roamer. 
Lulled  by  the  murmur  of  the  Atlantic  comber  ? 

Coma. 

What  of  the  food  ?     What  influence  supreme. 
If  baby  seems  in  pain,  will  hush  a  scream  ? 

Luscious  cream. 

What  exploits,  then,  shall  occupy  my  time, 
Wearied  with  wandering  in  many  a  clime  ? 

Many  a  climb. 

Were  it  not  best  to  lie  on  couch  of  clover  ? 
Great  is  the  peril,  lest  I  should  fall  over. 

Faugh !    loafer. 

If,  yet  untired,  I'd  cool  the  heated  limb. 
Can  any  panacea  heal  this  whim  ? 

A  healthy  swim. 

What  then  my  week's  expenditure,  and  how 
Reckoned  the  cost  ?  my  mind  enhghten  now. 

Light  enoiv. 

What  of  mine  host  ?  for,  if  the  host  be  "rude, 
The  fare,  whate'er  it  be,  is  none  so  good. 

None  's  so  good. 

Come,  Echo,  thou  has  visited  this  spot  ? 
I  have  conjectured  shrewdly,  have  I  not  ? 

Have  I  not ! 

R .  A.  Knox,  Juxta  Salices. 


The  Saints  of  Devon  yy 


The  Saints  of  Devon. 

By  REV.  J.  F.  CHANTER.  M.A..  F.S.A. 


II.— THE  LESSER   DEVON   SAINTS. 

In  this  division  I  would  include  all  the  Devon  saints  unnoticed 
in  Part  I.  I  have  styled  them  the  lesser  saints,  not  because 
they  were  less  distinguished,  for  some  were  far  greater  men  and 
women  than  those  included  in  Part  I,  but  their  shrines  were  not 
in  Devon,  or  their  connection  with  our  county  was  less  intimate. 
Several  of  these  have  been  already  mentioned  because  of  their 
association  with  those  whom  I  have  called  our  greater  saints, 
and  of  such  it  will  not  be  necessary  to  give  further  particulars. 

Of  some  of  these  lesser  saints,  their  chief  connection  with 
Devon  is  that  during  their  sojourn  in  it  they  founded  Churches, 
and  we  must  remember  that  among  the  early  Keltic  Christians 
it  was  the  custom  to  name  their  churches  after  their  living 
founders  and  not  in  memory  of  departed  saints  ;  so  when  we 
find  a  church  with  a  dedication  to  a  Keltic  saint,  the  presump- 
tion is  that  it  was  founded  by  the  person  whose  name  it  bears. 

Another  class  are  those  who  were  natives  of  Devon  though 
little  of  their  lives  were  spent  iiv  it  ;  a  third,  those  saints  who 
worked  or  spent  part  of  their  lives  in  our  county.  To  include  all 
who  would  come  under  the  last  two  heads  would  make  our  list 
a  very  long  one,  for  the  Keltic  saints  were  great  travellers,  and 
a  very  large  number  of  them  appear  to  have  been  in  Damnonia 
at  some  time  or  another.  So  to  keep  it  within  bounds  I  shall  only 
notice  very  few  of  these  classes. 

Finally,  as  to  the  order  in  which  the  names  appear :  the  Keltic 
saints,  owing  to  the  impossibility  of  fixing  exact  dates  for  them, 
are  given  alphabetically  ;  the  rest  are  in  chronological  order  ; 
and  I  have  added  a  revised  Kalendar  of  the  Devonshire  Saints. 

ST.   BEDWINI. 

The  all  too  scanty  references  we  have  to  St.  Bedwini  are  of 
extreme  interest  because  of  the  gleam  of  light  they  throw  on 
the  darkest  page  of  the  History  of  Devon,  and  because  he  is 
the  earHest  saint  who  is  described. as  Bishop  of  Damnonia  ;  nay 
more,  he  is  styled  Archbishop  of  our  county,  the  only  instance 
of  such  a  title  in  connection  with  it,  though    the  use  of  the 


78  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

expression  stamps  the  Welsh  Triad  in  which  it  occurs  as  a  late 
one,  for  Archbishops  were  certainly  quite  unknown  to  the  early 
Keltic  Church. 

Skene,  in  his  four  ancient  books  of  Wales,  quotes  a  triad  of 
King  Arthur  and  his  men  which  says  :  "  There  were  three  throne 
tribes  of  Britain,  one  was  at  Celliwig,  which  had  Arthur  as 
supreme  King,  Bedwini  as  chief  bishop,  and  Caradoc  Freichfas 
as  chief  elder."  Another  triad  makes  Celliwig  one  of  the  three 
Archbishoprics  of  Britain,  over  which  Bedwini  presided  as 
Archbishop. 

On  the  face  there  is  nothing  in  these  triads  to  connect 
St.  Bedwini  with  Devon,  but  from  various  Welsh  records  we  learn 
that  CeUiwig  was  in  Damnonia;  the  lolo  MSS.,  for  instance,  tell 
us  Celliwig  was  the  Royal  residence  of  Damnonia,  though  later 
it  was  removed  to  Caervyndawg.  We  have  also  in  various 
lives  of  Keltic  saints  frequent  references  to  Celliwig  as  the 
residence  of  Damnonian  kings,  and  in  one  of  them,  the  Life  of 
St.  Kebi,  we  get  its  exact  situation  given  as  being  in  what  we 
call  now  the  district  of  the  Three  Towns— Plymouth,  Stone- 
house,  and  Devonport. 

So  St.  Bedwini  was  an  early  Bishop  of  Damnonia  ;  in  the 
Mabinogion  he  is  mentioned  as  the  one  who  blessed  Arthur's 
meat  and  drink,  and  in  the  Sayings  of  the  Wise  we  have  the 
triplet — 

"  Hast  thou  heard  the  saying  of  Bedwini, 
Who  was  a  bishop  good  and  grave  : 
Consider  thy  word  before  uttering  it." 

These  are  unfortunately  all  the  particulars  we  have  of  this 
almost  unknown  saint ;  no  dedication  to  him  or  day  set  apart 
to  him  are  known  of  or  ever  mentioned. 

Caradoc  Freichfas,  who  is  associated  with  St.  Bedwini,  is  a 
very  famous  personage  in  the  Arthurian  romances,  where  he  is 
the  hero  of  various  adventures,  with  his  wife  Tegau  Eurfron, 
celebrated  for  her  beauty  and  chastity.  They  had  four  children, 
all  of  whom  were  numbered  among  the  saints  :  Sts.  Cadfarch, 
Cawdraf,  Tangwn,  and  Maethlu,  probably  all  natives  of 
Damnonia,  though  there  is  nothing  in  their  lives  that  has  any 
connection  with  our  county. 

ST.    BEUNO. 

On  the  north-west  of  Exmoor,  where  it  dips  into  the  Severn 
Sea,  there  lies  a  hollow,  difficult  of  access  from  any  point,  so 
secluded  that  without  a  guide  a  stranger  scarce  can  find  it,  so 
deep  that  for  months  the  sun  never  shines  upon  it.  Around 
the  sheer  hillside  rises  more  than  thirteen  hundred  feet  from 


The  Saints  of  Devon  79 

the  sea,  and  is  covered  with  stunted  tree  and  coppice,  through 
which  httle  tracks  run  aimlessly  in  all  directions,  leading  one 
nowhere.  Here,  on  a  few  yards  of  level,  lies  the  Cell  of  St. 
Beuno,  Cylbeuno  or  Culbone,  as  it  is  called  nowadays.  For 
centuries  it  has  served  as  the  only  place  of  worship  for  a  parish 
of  fifteen  hundred  acres,  with  some  twenty  to  thirty  inhabitants. 
The  people  have  forgotten  the  very  name  of  their  parish,  which 
is  Kitnor,  but  call  it  after  the  name  of  their  Church — Culbone, 
and  have  had  an  imaginary  patron  saint,  St.  Culbone,  invented 
for  them,  who  has  been  a  puzzle  to  the  writers  of  local  guide- 
books. 

St.  Beuno  is  best  known  as  the  uncle  and  teacher  of  St. 
Winefrid,  the  obscure  Welsh  maiden  who  has  had  so  many  of 
the  fabulous  miracles  beloved  of  mediaeval  hagiographers  thrust 
upon  her,  that  it  has  led  many  to  question  her  very  existence. 
But  whatever  may  be  the  case  with  St.  Winefrid,  St.  Beuno  is  a 
well-authenticated  saint  of  the  late  Keltic  period,  who  died  about 
A.D.  645.  Originally  settled  on  the  banks  of  the  Severn,  he 
left  it  on  hearing  the  voice  of  an  EngHshman  inciting  his  hounds. 
"  My  sons,"  he  said,  "  let  us  leave  this  place,  for  the  nation  of 
the  man  with  a  strange  language  will  invade  it,  and  it  will  be 
theirs."  And  so,  leaving  his  abode,  he  wandered  from  place  to 
place,  and  during  this  period  he  crossed  the  Severn  Sea  to 
Damnonia  and  founded  the  cell  that  still  bears  his  name.  Ulti- 
mately he  settled  at  Clynnog,  where  he  died,  where  was  his 
shrine,  and  where  his  holy  well  may  still  be  seen. 

St.  Beuno  is  the  special  patron  saint  of  farmers.  John  Anstis, 
Garter  King  of  Arms,  gives  a  most  interesting  account  of  how, 
as  late  as  a.d.  1589,  bullocks  were  offered  at  his  shrine,  and  to 
this  day  St.  Beuno's  hck  is  the  name  given  by  the  small  Welsh 
farmers  to  the  mark  seen  on  the  backs  of  cattle  that  are  in  good 
condition.  Calves  born  with  a  slit  in  the  ear  are  looked  on  as 
particularly  belonging  to  this  saint  ;  it  was  formerly  the  custom 
to  sell  them  and  place  the  proceeds  in  St.  Beuno's  chest,  an  old 
church  coffer  scooped  out  of  a  trunk  of  solid  oak,  which  is  still 
to  be  seen  in  Clynnog  church,  with  its  three  locks  and  small  slit 
through  which  the  coins  were  dropped.  St.  Beuno's  day  is 
April  21. 

ST.    BRENDAN. 

Among  the  many  voyages  of  St.  Brendan,  or  Brandon  as  he 
was  often  called,  was  one  to  Britain  ;  after  saihng  the  western 
seas,  he  returned  to  Ireland,  and  by  the  advice  of  St.  Itha 
sailed  again  with  a  large  company  of  disciples  for  Britain. 
Along  the  southern  coast  of  the  Severn  Sea  his  name  still 


8o  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


remains  in  several  places  :  we  have  Brandon's  path  from 
Countisbury  Cove  towards  St.  Brendan's  Church  at  Brendon, 
the  Brendon  hills,  and  Brendon's  cell  on  the  height  that  looks 
down  on  what  is  now  the  port  of  Bristol.  Again,  down  in  South 
Devon,  at  Hallsands,  in  the  parish  of  Stokenham,  there  was  a 
chapel  of  St.  Brendon,  so  we  may  claim  a  connection  with  this 
most  storied  of  saints,  the  Keltic  Sindbad  the  Sailor. 

To  attempt  to  give  any  account  of  the  life  and  voyages  of  this 
famous  saint  would  be  quite  beyond  our  scope,  as  it  would  fill 
a  volume  in  itself,  but  there  is  one  story,  though  not  connected 
with  his  voyages,  that  may  be  given.  Seven  years  before  his 
death  a  harper  came  to  his  monastery  and,  entering  the  refec- 
tory, played  oh  !  so  sweetly  ;  noticing  that  Brendan  was  not 
with  the  monks,  he  asked  if  he  might  not  play  also  to  the  Abbot. 
He  was  answered  that  St.  Brendan  was  in  his  cell,  but  would 
not  be  able  to  hear  him,  as  he  always  kept  his  ears  stopped  up 
with  wax.  The  harper,  however,  succeeded  in  inducing  the 
saint  to  listen  to  his  music  for  a  few  minutes,  and  then  immedi- 
ately the  saint  blocked  up  his  ears  again.  The  harper  begged 
St.  Brendan  to  listen  a  little  longer,  "  No,"  said  the  saint,  "  for 
seven  years  ago  I  was  in  church,  and  there  came  on  me  an 
ineffable  longing  to  be  with  my  Lord,  and,  as  I  was  in  this 
ecstasy,  lo  !  a  pretty  bird  flew  in  through  the  window  and 
alighted  on  the  altar  and  there  sang,  and  his  song  was  as  the 
music  of  heaven  ;  since  then  I  have  never  cared  to  hear  the 
strains  of  earth." 

St.  Brendan,  or  Brandon,  as  he  is  oftenest  called,  is  said  to 
have  been  born  in  Ireland  circ.  a.d.  482,  and  died  May  16, 
A.D.   577. 

ST.   BRIDGET 

There  is  no  female  saint  of  the  Keltic  race  that  can  compare 
in  fame  and  popularity  with  St.  Bridget  ;  her  churches  are 
numberless.  In  Devon  we  have  the  parishes  of  Bridestow, 
Bridgerule,  Brushford — originally  Bridesford,  and  Virginstow, 
all  taking  their  names  from  her  ;  also  we  had  St.  Bridget's 
Chapels  at  Swymbridge  and  Wembworthy. 

But  was  our  Devon  St.  Bridget  the  same  person  as  the  famous 
Abbess  of  Kildare  ?  for,  if  so,  the  Keltic  practice  of  naming 
a  church  after  none  but  its  real  founder  is  abrogated,  for  St. 
Bridget,  Abbess  of  Kildare,  certainly  never  crossed  the  Irish 
Sea. 

There  were,  however,  several  other  saints  named  Bridget  ; 
one  was  a  Welsh  saint,  to  whom  there  are  several  dedications, 
and  of  whom  we  possess  a  legendary  life  written  in  the  12th 


The  Saints  of  Devon  8i 

century  by  a  Welsh  bard.  Another  and  less  known  St.  Bridget 
lived  and  died  on  an  islet  called  Bridesey,  near  Glastonbury, 
and  her  shrine  in  Glastonbury  Abbey  was  an  object  of  great 
devotion  ;  and  from  the  intimate  connection  between  Glaston- 
bury and  early  Devon  Christianity,  the  last  is  far  the  most 
likely  to  have  been  our  St.  Bridget. 

But  there  is  yet  another  reason  for  the  great  cult  of  this  saint  ; 
Bridget  is  a  diminutive  of  Brig.  And  Brig  or  Bridget  was  one 
of  the  old  Keltic  goddesses  in  heathen  times — the  patroness  of 
iron  weapons  ;  one  of  the  principal  tribes  in  Britain,  the  Brig- 
antes,  cadled  themselves  after  her — altars  with  inscriptions  to 
her  still  exist,  and  the  Christian  saint  stepped  into  her  place 
in  the  affections  of  many  of  the  Keltic  people.  With  so  much 
uncertainty  as  to  the  identity  of  our  Devon  Bridget,  it  would 
be  unwise  to  attempt  any  further  particulars.  St.  Bridget's 
day  is  February  1. 

ST.  BUDOC. 

St.  Budoc  is  best  known  nowadays  as  giving  his  name  to  two 
west-country  parishes — St.  Budeaux,  close  to  Plymouth,  and 
St.  Budock,  near  Falmouth  ;  but  his  name  may  yet  be  the 
origin  of  other  place-names,  such  as  Bideford,  Bude,  and  Bude- 
haven,  and  he  must  have  been  well  known  in  our  county,  as  he 
is  one  of  the  few  Keltic  saints  who  found  a  place  in  Grandisson's 
Kalendar,  where  his  festival  is  December  8. 

There  is  a  wonderful  legend  of  his  birth  in  the  breviary  of 
Dol,  which  is  so  quaint  that  it  is  worth  giving. 

His  mother,  Azenor,  was  the  daughter  of  a  King  of  Brest,  and 
had  married  the  Count  of  Goelo  ;  she  had,  like  most  of  our 
Devon  female  saints,  a  wicked  stepmother,  who  accused  her  of 
infidehty.  Azenor  was  condemned  on  the  false  testimony  of 
the  stepmother,  and  sentenced  to  be  put  into  a  cider  cask  and 
thrown  into  the  sea  ;  and,  as  she  floated  over  the  waves,  her 
child,  Budoc,  was  born  in  the  barrel.  The  cask  was  at  last  cast 
up  by  the  sea  in  Ireland,  according  to  the  present  story,  though 
more  probably  on  the  shore  of  Damnonia,  where  it  was  found 
by  a  wrecker,  who  thought  he  would  tap  the  cask  and  taste 
the  liquor,  but  as  he  was  driving  in  his  gimlet,  a  voice  came 
from  inside  the  cask  crying,  "  Don't  hurt  us  !  Don't  hurt  us  !  " 
"  And  who  may  you  be  ?  "  said  the  man.  "  A  babe  desiring 
baptism,"  answered  St.  Budoc.  The  man  in  a  fright  ran  off 
to  the  nearest  priest  to  tell  him  the  story  of  his  wonderful  find. 
,"  Surely  you  are  deceiving  me,"  said  the  priest  on  hearing  the 
tale.  "  Do  you  think  I  should  have  told  you  if  there  had  been 
anything  better  than  a  babe  in  the  barrel  ?  "  rephed  the  man. 

6 


82  'ihe  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

On  this  the  priest  hurried  to  the  shore,  and,  releasing  the  mother 
and  child  from  the  cask,  baptized  the  babe.  St.  Budoc,  the 
tale  goes  on,  was  brought  up  at  a  neighbouring  monastery, 
Azenor  living  just  outside  and  supporting  herself  by  taking  in 
washing. 

On  the  death  of  the  Abbot,  Budoc  was  elected  as  his  successor, 
and  became  so  famous  all  the  country  round  that  the  people 
wanted  him  to  be  their  king  ;  this  was  too  much  for  the  saint's 
modesty,  so  he  embarked  in  a  stone  coffin  and  sailed  back  to 
Brittany,  where  the  rest  of  his  life  was  spent.  Quaint  though 
the  story  is,  one  is  somewhat  surprised  to  find  it  forming  part 
of  a  Latin  hymn  and  used  in  Church  in  the  19th  century.  From 
his  west-country  dedications,  however,  there  seems  no  doubt 
that  this  saint  spent  some  part  of  his  life  in  Damnonia ;  his 
name  is  found  in  the  extreme  east  of  the  county,  at  Ottery, 
as  well  as  in  the  west — one  quarter  of  the  town  being  called 
Budoc's  Ottery. 

ST.  CEWYDD. 

St.  Cewydd  is  the  Keltic  St.  Swithun,  or  rain  saint  ;  we  find 
attached  to  him  the  same  bit  of  folklore  that  centuries  after 
was  applied  to  St.  Swithun,  viz.,  that  if  it  rains  on  his  feast, 
it  will  rain  for  forty  days.  He  is  said  to  have  been  son  of  Caw, 
and  so  grandson  of  Geraint,  King  of  Damnonia. 

His  principal  dedications  now  are  found  in  Radnorshire,  but 
there  are  traces  of  him  also  on  both  sides  of  the  Severn  Sea  ; 
there  was  a  parish,  near  Bridgend,  called  Llangewydd,  but  a 
Sir  Richard  Grenville  coming  back  from  the  crusades  brought 
with  him  a  Saracen  convert  to  Christianity,  called  Lales  ;  this 
man  pulled  down  Llangewydd  church  and  moved  it  down  to 
his  new  village,  called  Laleston.  On  this  side  of  the  Severn 
Sea,  Kewstoke"  takes  its  name  from  him,  and  the  discovery  last 
year  of  an  inscribed  stone  between  Parracombe  and  Lynton, 
bearing  Cewydd's  name  in  its  Latin  form,  Cavudus,  has  been 
taken  as  pointing  to  a  Cewydd  settlement  in  North  Devon. 
Cowick,  near  Exeter,  also  probably  takes  its  name  from  him. 
His  day  is  July  15. 

STS.   CONOGLAS  AND  COVENTINUS. 

I  have  bracketed  these  two  saints,  because  of  both  all  we 
know  is  that  they  were  bishops  of  Damnonia,  and  both  were 
commemorated  as  such  at  Glastonbury,  and  no  legend  or  life 
of  either  exists. 

We  find  the  name  Coneglasse,  in  Gildas,  as  that  of  a  king, 
where  he  speaks  of  him  as  "  Thou  tawny  butcher,  as  in  the 


The  Saints  of  Devon  83 


Latin  tongue  thy  name  signifies."  This  is  a  good  example  of 
Gildas'  exaggeration  ;  Conoglas  means  fair  lord — glas  being  a 
pale  colour,  blue  or  gray,  not  tawny.  St.  Coventinus  may 
possibly  be  the  same  person  as  St.  Corentin,  well  known  in 
Cornwall. 

ST.  CONSTANTINE. 

St.  Constantine  is  the  founder  of  the  Parish  Church  of  Milton 
Abbot,  and  also  had  a  chapel  at  Dunsford  dedicated  to  him. 
As  there  are  no  less  than  six  Constantines,  or  Cystennins  as  the 
name  is  written  in  Welsh,  there  has  been  some  doubt  as  to  the 
identity  of  our  saint.  He  is  by  far  the  most  likely  to  be  the 
Constantine  who  was  King  of  Damnonia  in  the  6th  century,  and 
who  was  mercilessly  attacked  by  Gildas.  He  speaks  of  him 
as  "  the  tyrannical  whelp  of  the  unclean  lioness  of  Damnonia, 
who,  disguising  himself  as  an  Abbot,  did  with  sword  and  javeUn 
wound  and  tear  two  royal  youths  who  had  taken  refuge  in 
sanctuary."  But  Gildas'  indignation  seems  to  be  levelled  at 
the  violation  of  sanctuary  and  not  at  the  kiUing  of  the  princes, 
who  were  a  couple  of  young  ruffians  who  richly  deserved  their 
fate,  and  perhaps  Gildas'  estimation  of  Constantine,  Vortiper, 
and  Maelgwyn  is  by  no  means  a  true  one  ;  in  all  other  records 
they  appear  as  leaders  of  patriotic  movements  and  nursing 
fathers  of  the  Church. 

The  only  life  of  our  saint  now  existing  is  found  so  far  afield 
as  the  Aberdeen  Breviary,  but  there  are  also  mentions  of  him 
in  the  fives  of  St.  Petrock,  St.  David,  and  Irish  martyrologies, 
which  supply  further  details.  The  story  told  in  the  Aberdeen 
Breviary  is  as  follows  : — 

Constantine,  son  of  Paternus,  King  of  Cornubia,  married 
the  Queen  of  Lesser  Britain.  On  her  death  he  forsook  his 
kingdom,  crossed  into  Ireland,  and  entered  a  monastery,  where 
he  served  for  seven  years  grinding  corn  in  a  mill.  Thence  he 
was  taken,  when  it  was  discovered  who  he  was,  and  was  ordained 
priest.  He  then  went  to  St.  Columba,  at  Hy,  and  after  that 
he  was  directed  by  St.  Kentigern  to  preach  to  the  pagans  in 
Goldevia,  where  he  was  elected  Abbot.  He  fell  a  victim  to  the 
heathen,  who  cut  off  his  arm,  and  he  bled  to  death  in  596. 

The  fife  of  St.  Petrock  tells  us  that  Constantine  was  out  hunt- 
ing and  pursued  a  stag,  which  St.  Petrock  protected  from  the 
hounds.  Constantine  in  a  rage  struck  at  St.  Petrock  with  his 
sword,  but  his  arm  became  rigid  till  restored  by  St.  Petrock, 
on  which  the  King  and  twenty  of  his  soldiers  received  the  faith 
of  Christ.  From  Irish  sources  we  learn  that  Constantine's  rank 
vas  discovered  by  his  being  overheard  saying  to  himself  ont 


84  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


day  when  at  his  work  at  the  mill  :  "  Am  I  King  Constantine, 
whose  head  has  worn  so  many  helmets  ?  Yes,  it  is  the  same., 
and  yet  not  the  same." 

In  the  Aberdeen  Breviary  his  day  is  March  11,  the  Bodmin 
Kalendar  gives  March  9,  Roscarrock  gives  March  .8,  9,  and  13. 

ST    CURIG. 

St.  Curig,  or  Cirig,  or  Cyres,  as  he  is  called  in  Devon,  is  a  saint 
who  has  had  very  hard  treatment  served  out  to  him,  as  every- 
where he  has  had  to  give  place  to  St.  Cyriacus,  the  Eastern  child 
martyr,  and  even  the  lives  of  St.  Curig  have  been  so  interlarded 
with  incidents  belonging  to  the  child  and  his  mother  Julitta, 
that  neither  head  nor  tail  can  be  made  of  it.  For  instance, 
his  wife  is  said  to  have  been  named  Juliot,  but  whether  this  is 
the  Cornish  St.  Juliot,  or  a  reference  to  St.  Julitta,  it  is  impos- 
sible to  say  ;  also  in  the  Welsh  Hymn  of  St.  Curig  he  is  in  one 
verse  spoken  of  as  a  man  of  perfect  wisdom  and  a  teacher  of 
heavenly  things,  and  in  another  as  an  infant. 

According  to  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  he  was  a  native  of  Dam- 
nonia,  and  had  equal  relations  to  Wales  and  Damnonia.  This 
will  account  for  no  pedigree  of  him  appearing  in  any  of  the 
Welsh  saintly  genealogies,  though  he  was  a  very  famous  man 
in  Wales  and  the  inspirer  of  many  of  the  songs  of  the  Welsh 
Bards,  who  call  him  Curig  the  Blessed,  and  occasionally  Curig 
the  Knight.  A  fifteenth  century  bard  refers  to  the  brave 
Knight  Curig's  coat  of  mail,  and  swears  by  Curig's  hand.  Ulti- 
mately he  became  a  Bishop  ;  his  crosier  was  preserved  up  to 
the  time  of  the  Reformation  in  St.  Germain's  Church  in  Radnor- 
shire, and  was  thought  to  possess  miraculous  powers.  Giraldus 
tells  us  the  staff  was  particularly  efficacious  in  cases  of  glandular 
and  strumous  swellings,  and  that  a  penny  was  paid  as  a  fee  for 
the  application  of  it  to  the  part  affected  ;  it  continued  in  great 
repute  till  it  was  committed  to  the  flames  and  destroyed  in 
Henry  VHI's  reign. 

Dedications  to  St.  Curig  or  St.  Cyriacus  and  his  mother  are 
found  in  Wales,  Devon,  and  Cornwall,  and  also  in  the  partly 
Keltic  counties  of  Somerset  and  Gloucester,  but  in  no  other 
parts  of  England ;  so  probably  all  belonged  originally  to  tlie 
Keltic  St.  Curig,  and  from  the  number  of  them  he  must  have 
been  a  very  prominent  person.  In  Cornwall  we  have  Eglos- 
kerry,  Calstock,  Veep,  and  Luxulyan  ;  in  Devon,  South  Pool, 
Newton  St.  Cyres,  and  chapels  at  Crwyws  Morchard,  and  St. 
Cyres  Hill,  Honiton  ;  in  Wales  eight  or  nine  ;  one  in  Somerset 
— Tickenham  ;  and  two  in  Gloucestershire.  His  day  is  February 
17.  One  parish  in  Devon  still  bears  his  name — Coryton, 
which  in  Leofric's  Missal  appears  as  Curig-town. 


The  Saints  of  Devon  85 

ST.  DAVID. 

Among  the  hundreds  of  Keltic  saints  who  roamed  far  and 
wide  in  our  Island,  one  name  stands  out  pre-eminently,  familiar 
alike  to  Goidel  and  Brython,  Saxon  and  Norman,  viz.,  St.  David, 
the  acknowledged  Patron  saint  of  Wales,  as  St.  Patrick  is  of  Ire- 
land and  St.  George  of  England.  And  yet,  according  to  WiUiam 
of  Worcester,  we  may  claim  him  as  a  native  of  Damnonia,  and 
there  is  no  impossibihty  in  this,  as  his  mother,  St.  Non,  spent 
mu:h  of  her  life  near  her  sister,  St.  Owen  or  Wenn,  whose  home 
was  in  the  district  that  we  Devon  folk  call  the  Three  Towns. 
But  whether  born  in  Devon  or  not,  he  certainly  had  a  Devon- 
shire connection,  and  this  accounts  for  there  being  no  less  than 
six  foundations  of  St.  David  in  Devon,  viz.,  the  parish  churches 
of  Ashprington,  Culm  Davy,  Exeter,  and  Thelbridge ;  and 
chapels  at  Ashprington  and  Awlescombe.  His  mother,  St. 
Non.  has  a  foundation  at  Bradstone,  on  the  banks  of  the  Tamar, 
and  just  across  the  river  we  find  Pendewi,  or  St.  David's  hill. 

Almost  the  whole  of  his  life,  however,  was  passed  at  a  place 
that  has  ever  since  been  strikingly  identified  with  his  life  and 
memory — Hen  Meneu,  which  means  the  old  bush.  This  was 
Latinized  into  Menevia,  the  name  it  still  bears,  though  more 
commonly  called  St.  David's.  Here,  too,  he  died  on  March  1, 
about  the  end  of  the  sixth  century,  at  a  great  age  ;  his  bio- 
grapher says  147  years,  which  is  of  course  absurd,  but  in  the 
desire  to  connect  him  with  other  saints  his  period  has  been 
stretched  out  at  both  ends.  Even  during  St.  David's  life  his 
monastery  was  looked  on  as  a  sort  of  Mecca  to  which  the  Keltic 
saints  from  all  parts  came  on  pilgrimage,  and  after  his  death 
his  shrine  was  a  great  place  of  resort  for  pilgrims  of  all  sorts 
and  conditions,  in  spite  of  the  difficulties  of  access  ;  to  go  there 
twice  was  of  old  reckoned  the  equal  of  a  journey  to  the  tombs 
of  the  Apostles,  and  till  the  days  of  motor  cars  it  was  almost 
the  most  inaccessible  spot  in  our  islands.  We  can  still  see  his 
influence  in  the  nomenclature  of  Wales,  the  endless  Davids, 
Davys,  Davises,  Davidsons,  and  Dewey's  that  meet  us  every- 
where, in  the  long  hst  of  parishes  beginning  with  Llandewi,  and 
in  the  very  name  of  "  Taffy  "  still  bestowed  upon  the  typical 
Welshman.  His  hfe  is  given  in  so  many  books  that  it  is  quite 
unnecessary  to  enter  into  its  details,  but  there  is  one  curious 
bit  of  folklore  connected  with  him  that  I  have  come  across  in 
North  Devon,  probably  brought  across  the  Severn  Sea  by  the 
mutual  intercourse  between  North  Devon  and  South  Wales, 
which  has  been  for  many  years, and  still  is,  a  large  feature  in  the 
lives  of  the  North  Devon  coast  peasantry.  The  story  is  that 
before  a  man  is  going  to  die  St.  David  sends  him  a  lighted  candle 


86  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

which  will  travel  by  itself  from  his  chamber  to  the  spot  where 
he  will  be  buried  ;  it  is  called  the  corpse  candle,  and  it  is  meant 
to  warn  him  to  prepare  himself  for  his  last  journey. 

ST.   DISEN. 

The  parish  church  of  Bradninch,  once  a  famous  borough  and 
head  of  the  great  barony  of  Braneis,  but  now  little  more  than 
a  village,  is  dedicated  to  St.  Disen.  Many  of  our  local  topo- 
graphers have  given  it  as  St.  Denis  or  Dionysius,  through 
ignorance  of  such  a  person  as  St.  Disen  or  Disibod. 

He  is  one  of  the  group  of  Keltic  missionary  saints,  such  as 
St.  Gall,  St.  Frigidian,  St.  Columbanus,  and  others,  who  have 
been  quite  forgotten  in  their  native  land,  and  are  now  only 
remember  in  the  spots  which  were  the  scenes  of  their  missionary 
labours. 

St.  Disen  was  an  Irishman  by  birth,  and  is  said  to  have  been 
a  bishop  there  about  a.d.  620,  and  that  on  account  of  the 
decay  of  faith  he  left  his  own  land — he  appears  to  have  sojourned 
in  Damnonia  for  a  period  on  his  way  to  the  Continent,  where 
the  scene  of  his  later  labours  was  near  Maintz,  and  on  a  hillside 
overlooking  a  tributary  of  the  Rhine  he  founded  a  monastery 
known  as  Mons  Disibodi,  where  he  died  on  the  8th  of  July,  at 
the  age  of  81  ;   the  place  is  now  called  Disenburg. 

The  earliest  life  of  him  we  possess  was  written  by  an  abbess, 
named  Hildegard,  about  1160,  and  naturally  is  almost  entirely 
useless  for  any  particulars  of  his  life  before  reaching  the  Continent. 

ST.   DOCWIN. 

St.  Docwin  is  a  saint  whose  name  appears  in  so  many  forms 
that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  recognize  them  as  referring  to 
the  same  individual.  Rees,  in  his  Welsh  Saints,  calls  him  Cyngar, 
Cunger,  or  Conger ;  Capgrave's  Nova  Legenda  says  he  is 
called  Cungar  among  the  English,  Docwin  (as  if  Doctor)  among 
the  British  ;  Nicholas  Roscarrock  gives  his  name  as  St.  Dawe, 
and  adds  the  Welsh  call  him  Dochotwyr,  or  Dogotwy  ;  and  in 
Welsh  records  he  appears  as  Dochau. 

Sir  John  Rhys,  however,  in  his  Celtic  Folklore  gives  us 
a  clue  as  to  how  all  these  variations  arose  ;  he  says,  "  There  is 
a  Latinized  form  of  the  original  Goidelic  name  of  the  saint, 
Cuno-caros,  from  this  was  formed  To-chun  or  Do-chun,  and 
eventually  Doguin  and  Docwin." 

But  whatever  was  the  correct  form  of  the  name,  St.  Docwin 
was  a  Damnonian  by  birth,  being  a  son  of  Geraint,  Prince  of 


The  Saints  of  Devon  87 

Devon.  There  is  a  life  of  him  in  the  Nova  Legenda  Anglice,  but 
it  is  utterly  worthless  ;  it  describes  him  as  a  son  of  the  Emperor 
Constantine,  and  then  gives  long  accounts  of  his  deaUngs  with 
King  Ine  ;  as  one  of  these  was  nearly  200  years  before  our  saint 
and  the  other  nearly  200  years  after,  the  utter  uselessness  of 
his  life  will  be  apparent  to  all, 

St.  Docwin,or  Cunger,  appears  to  have  been  settled  in  Eastern 
Damnonia,  and  to  have  founded  churches  at  Badgeworth  and 
Congresbury,  but  the  gathering  strength  of  the  Saxons  after 
the  battle  of  Deorham  caused  him  to  leave  the  district  ;  he 
appears  to  have  gone  first  to  South  Wales,  where  he  founded 
the  monastery  called  after  his  name  ;  afterwards  he  went  to 
the  west  country,  where  he  spent  much  of  his  life  with  his 
nephew  St.  Kebi. 

Nicholas  Roscarrock  gives  us  some  of  the  West-country 
traditions  of  this  part  of  his  life  ;  he  says,  St.  Dawe  spent 
much  of  his  time  in  a  hermitage  in  the  parish  of  St.  Kewe,  where 
Roscarrock  could  remember  a  chapel  standing  that  bore  St. 
Dawe's  name,  and  that  his  sister  St.  Kewe  lived  close  by.  One 
day  St.  Kewe  came  to  visit  her  brother,  but  he  refused  to  let 
her  enter  his  dweUing  till  he  saw  a  wild  boar  miraculously  obey 
her,  after  which  he  received  her,  and  she  proved  of  such  virtue 
and  holiness,  that  after  her  death  she  was  reputed  a  saint,  and 
the  parish  church  was  dedicated  to  her.  In  a  window  of  the 
church  there  is  still  a  black  beast  supposed  to  represent  the 
boar  ;  in  reality  it  is  the  arms  of  a  local  family.  Roscarrock 
also  tells  us  that  St.  Dawe's  feast  day  was  kept  in  Cornwall  on 
February  15,  but  the  Welsh  Kalendars  give  November  7.  In 
the  Welsh  triads  we  have  the  saying — 

"  Hast  thou  heard  the  saying  of  St.  Cyngar 
To  those  who  derided  him  : 
Anger  lasts  longer  than  Sorrow." 

ST.  ELEN. 

St.  Elen  is  the  founder  of  the  Church  of  Abbotsham  ;  in  the 
Tavistock  Kalendar  she  is  described,  under  Aug.  25,  as  Sancta 
Elena  regina.  She  is  probably  the  British  princess  known  in 
Welsh  traditions  as  Elen  of  the  Hosts,  wife  of  Maxim  Wledig, 
a  King  of  Britain  who  aspired  to  be  also  Emperor  of  Rome  ; 
he  defeated  Gratian,  and  was  for  a  short  time  Emperor  of  the 
West,  but  was  himself  defeated  by  Theodosius  and  killed  in 
A.D.  388.  In  later  times  St.  Elen  was  so  often  confounded 
with  St.  Helena,  mother  of  the  Emperor  Constantine,  that  it  is 
often  difficult  to  decide  which  is  alluded  to. 


88  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

ST.  GERAINT. 

f  Geraint,  or  Gerontius,  as  it  is  sometimes  written,  is  a  name 
we  frequently  meet  with  in  the  early  history  of  England,  and 
there  were  at  least  three  of  this  name  connected  with  Devon, 
all  of  whom  also  have  borne  the  title  of  saint,  and  so  it  will  be 
necessary  to  consider  them  separately. 

St.  Geraint  (1),  son  of  Erbin,  who  is  best  known  in  history  as 
King  or  Prince  of  Devon,  and  is  the  Geraint  of  Tennyson's  Idyl, 
"  Geraint  and  Enid."  Of  his  life  little  is  known,  except  that 
he  was  a  famous  warrior  and  was  killed  in  a  battle  at  Longoborth, 
which  was  either  Langport  or  near  Lyme  Regis,  circ.  a.d.  480  ; 
there  is  a  Welsh  poem  describing  this  combat,  which  ends — 

"  In  Longoborth  Geraint  was  slain — 
A  brave  man  from  the  region  of  Devon 
And  ere  o'erthrown  he  committed  slaughter." 

Among  the  sayings  of  the  wise  we  have  also — 

"  Hast  thou  heard  the  saying  of  Geraint, 
Son  of  Erben,  the  just  and  experienced  : 
Short  lived  is  the  hatred  of  the  saints." 

These  two  couplets  give  practically  all  that  is  known  of  him 
save  the  romance  in  the  Mabinogion,  and  furnish  no  reasons 
for  calling  him  a  saint,  but  that  title  was  given  him  for  two 
causes  :  (i)  As  falling  in  battle  against  the  heathen  ;  (ii)  As 
father  of  a  saintly  family,  for  of  his  sons  five,  viz.,  Constantine, 
Selyf,  Jestin,  Cyngar,  and  Caw,  have  all  been  numbered  with 
the  saints,  and  in  addition  Caw  has  been  styled  the  father  of 
one  of  the  three  great  saintly  families  of  Britain. 

St.  Geraint  (2),  a  king  of  part  of  Damnonia,  who  is  mentioned 
in  the  life  of  St.  Teilo  as  residing  at  a  place  called  Dingerrin 
about  A.D.  556  ;  he  was  probably  a  grandson  of  Geraint  (1), 
and  founder  of  the  Church  of  St.  Gerrans,  which  is  called  after 
him  ;  he  is  said  to  have  been  buried  in  a  barrow  in  the  parish 
at  Cam  Point,  and  tradition  said  that  he  lay  in  a  golden  boat 
with  silver  oars.  The  barrow  was  opened  in  1858,  when  a 
kistvaen  with  human  remains  was  found,  but  nothing  else. 

St.  Geraint  (3),  the  King  of  Damnonia  to  whom  St.  Aldhelm 
wrote  a  letter  in  a.d.  705,  in  which  he  addresses  him  as  "  The 
most  glorious  Lord  wielding  the  sceptre  of  the  western  kingdom, 
whom  I,  as  the  discerner  of  hearts  is  my  witness,  embrace  in 
fraternal  charity."  This  St.  Geraint  holds  a  very  important 
position  in  the  history  of  Christianity  in  Devon,  for  not  only 
was  he  a  great  benefactor  of  churches  in  Damnonia,  but  he  also 
byjthe  adoption  of  the  catholic  cycle  for  Easter  brought  Devon 
Christianity  into  Hne  with  the  English  Church,  and  so  made 


The  Sainis  of  Devon  89 

friendly  relations  possible  between  them,  and  paved  the  way 
for  the  union  of  the  Keltic  and  Saxon  Churches.  For  over 
twenty  years  before  this  he  seems  to  have  been  on  friendly 
terms  with  the  Kingdom  of  Wessex,  as  we  find  St.  Aldhelm 
paying  a  visit  to  Devon  and  a  Saxon  noble  marrying  a  British 
princess  and  settling  in  Devon.  If  further  particulars  of  this 
third  Geraint's  reign  could  be  obtained,  they  would  solve  many 
of  the  problems  of  Devon  history  during  an  important  period. 
The  days  of  all  these  Geraints  are  uncertain,  but,  as  the  feast 
day  of  the  parish  of  St.  Gerrans  is  August  10,  I  have  adopted 
it  to  mark  all  of  them,  though  it  can  only  refer  to  St.  Geraint  (2). 

ST.    GERMAN. 

Devon  has  one  foundation  by  St.  German  in  the  parish  of 
Germansweek,  which  takes  its  name  from  him,  though  Garmans 
Down,  in  North  Devon,  may  mark  a  forgotten  chapel  founded 
by  him  on  his  way  to  Wales,  where  he  has  many  foundations. 

Although  the  monks  of  St.  Germans  in  the  middle  ages  con- 
founded their  saint,  who  was  called  the  lamp  and  pillar  of 
Cornwall,  with  the  famous  St.  German  of  Auxerre,  who  came  to 
Britain  to  confute  the  Pelagian  heresy — it  is  quite  certain  that 
he  is  not  the  same,  as  St.  German  of  Auxerre  was  never  in  Devon 
or  Cornwall.  Our  St.  German  lived  over  a  hundred  years  after 
his  more  famous  namesake,  and  is  probably  identical  with  the 
St.  German  who  was  Bishop  of  Man  and  who  is  commemorated 
there  on  July  3.  He  appears  to  have  been  the  son  of  a  man 
named  Restitutus,  and  his  mother  was  a  sister  of  St.  Patrick  ; 
there  is  also  another  Germanus,  also  called  Germoc  or  Germocus, 
mentioned  in  the  legend  of  St.  Breaca,  a  Cornish  saint,  whom 
William  of  Worcester  says  was  commemorated  in  Cornwall  on 
July  24,  and  he  calls  him  a  bishop  ;  there  is  a  church  called 
after  him  in  Cornwall,  Germoe,  but  with  so  much  uncertainty 
I  shall  not  attempt  to  give  further  particulars, 

ST.  GWEN. 

One  of  the  commonest  and  most  popular  female  names  among 
the  Keltic  nations  was  Gwen,  which  means  white,  fair,  or  pale 
coloured  ;  after  the  Saxon  conquest  of  Devon  it  still  held  its 
ground,  and  appears  as  Wenn,  Wenne,  and  Wenna  ;  in  some 
of  the  lives  of  saints  written  in  Latin  as  St.  Candida,  and  some- 
times in  plain  homely  English  as  St.  White  ;  so  it  is  not  surpris- 
ing to  find  many  Keltic  saints  with  this  name,  several  of  whom 
were  connected  with  Devon  ;    among  them  are  : — 

St.  Gwen  (1),  sister  of  St.  Nectan  ;  she  appears  as  Wenna  in 
both  William  of  Worcester's  and  Leland's  list,  and  is  without 


90  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


doubt  the  foundress  of  the  chapel  called  St.  Wenne's  at  Cheri- 
stow,  in  Hartland  parish.  According  to  the  lolo  MSS.  she  also 
founded  a  church  at  Talgarth,  Breconshire,  and  was  martyred 
by  the  Pagan  Saxons. 

St.  Gwen  (2),  daughter  of  Cynyr,  and  sister  of  St.  Non  ;  she 
married  Selyf,  King  of  Damnonia,  and  became  the  mother  of 
St.  Kebi  ;  she  resided  mainly  in  the  district  of  the  Three  Towns, 
and  was  foundress  of  the  parish  churches  of  St.  Wenn  and 
Morval  in  Cornwall,  and  also  of  a  chapel  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Kewe  ;  in  our  Bishop's  registers  she  is  called  St.  Wenna  ;  no 
other  particulars  of  her  are  known  ;  she  was  essentially  a  West- 
country  saint,  and  received  no  cult  in  Wales  ;  her  festival  is 
October  18. 

St.  Gwen  (3),  now  known  as  St.  Candida  or  St.  White,  whose 
shrine  is  at  Whitchurch  Canonicorum,  formerly  rn  the  Kingdom 
of  Damnonia,  but  now  just  over  the  border  in  the  county  of 
Dorset.  WilHam  of  Worcester  has  a  brief  notice  of  this  saint  : 
he  says  she  lay  at  Whyte  Church  "  per  milaria  de  Cherde  et 
dedicata  die  Pentecosten."  This  shrine  is  particularly  interest- 
ing as  being  the  only  one  in  the  West  country  that  remains 
intact  and  unpillaged.  Nearly  thirty-five  years  ago  I  made  my 
first  pilgrimage  to  it  and  sought  to  gather  some  of  the  local 
traditions  connected  with  it.  The  shrine  was  in  the  north 
transept,  a  building  of  the  early  thirteenth  century,  and  the 
workmanship  of  the  tomb  was  mainly  of  the  same  period  ;  in 
the  lower  part  were  three  circular  openings,  through  which  it 
was  the  custom  to  put  handkerchiefs  which  were  afterwards 
taken  out  and,  if  laid  on  any  one  afflicted  with  the  King's  evil, 
it  was  considered  they  would  cure  the  complaint  better  than  the 
seventh  son  of  a  seventh  man,  who,  as  all  West-country  folk 
know,  is  a  born  physician.  I  was  told  that  the  tomb  itself  had 
been  opened  by  Sir  William  Palmer,  the  then  non-resident 
rector,  and  that  in  it  the  relics  of  the  saint  herself  had  been 
found  in  a  leaden  casket,  quite  intact  and  with  an  inscription 
stating  that  "  There  rested  the  relics  of  St.  White."  White- 
church  is  a  name  found  in  many  counties  ;  there  is  one  near 
Tavistock,  now  dedicated  to  St.  Andrew ;  this  may  have  been 
formerly  dedicated  to  St.  Gwen,  as  St.  Andrew  is  a  dedication 
frequently  superimposed  on  former  Keltic  ones ;  but  more 
probably  the  name  is  taken  from  the  custom  of  whitewashing 
stone-built  churches. 

ST.    ITHA. 

St.  Itha  shares  with  St.  Bridget  the  honour  of  being  the  chief 
foundress  of  religious  communities  for  women  in  the  Keltic 
churches,   and  she  must  have  had  several  under  her  rule  in 


The  Saints  of  Devon  91 


Damnonia,  as  her  cult  is  very  widespread.  The  name  Itha  in 
Latin  became  Ida,  and  in  English  became  corrupted  into  Ithey 
and  Issey  ;  the  parish  in  Cornwall  now  known  as  St.  Issey 
appears  in  Grandisson's  and  Bronescombe's  Registers  as  St.  Ida 
or  St.  Ide  ;  Teth  or  Teath  is  also  another  corruption  of  the  name. 

St.  Itha  was  a  daughter  of  an  Irish  royal  house,  and  at  her 
baptism  received  the  name  of  Dairdre,  which  was  Latinized 
into  Dorothy.  Itha,  which  means  thirst,  was  a  nickname  given 
her  on  account  of  her  "  thirst"  for  the  living  waters  of  Christian 
truth.  From  an  early  age  she  made  up  her  mind  to  embrace 
the  monastic  life,  and,  though  it  was  against  her  father's 
purpose,  she  carried  out  her  desire  and  became  ultimately 
Abbess  of  Killeedy. 

There  does  not  appear  to  be  any  evidence  that  she  was  ever 
in  Damnonia,  though  William  of  Worcester  says  she  was  a 
martyr  and  reposed  at  St.  Issey  ;  he  must  have  seen  some  real 
or  bogus  relics  of  her,  for  she  lived  and  died  in  Ireland.  Her 
name  must  have  been  brought  into  Devon  by  the  nuns  of  St. 
Itha  who  founded  communities  and  churches.  At  Ide,  Ideford, 
and  perhaps  Iddesleigh,  her  name  still  remains,  though  Ide  is 
the  only  church  that  still  retains  the  dedication  to  St.  Itha. 
The  day  of  her  death  was  January  15,  circ.  a.d.  570,  but  Nicholas 
Roscarrock  gives  May  1  ;  in  several  English  calendars  she 
appears  as  St.  Dorothy  or  Sith  on  January  15. 

Borlasein  his  Age  of  the  Saints,  and  Miss  Arnold-Foster  following 
him,  however,  consider  that  Ide,  Ideford,  and  Iddesleigh  all 
take  their  name  from  quite  another  saint — St.  Teilo,  also  called 
Elidius  and  Lide,  but  their  arguments  are  more  ingenious  than 
convincing. 

ST.    JOHANNES. 

This  saint  has  been  already  mentioned  as  one  of  the  brothers 
of  St.  Nectan  and  the  possible  founder  of  the  Church  of  Instow 
or  Johnstow,  North  Devon.  Instow  is  now  said  to  be  dedicated 
to  St.  John  the  Baptist,  but  the  suffi.x  stow  in  Devonshire  always 
marks  a  very  early  church  dedication,  and  John  Baptist  is 
almost  certainly  a  superimposed  name.  Leland  in  his  Collec- 
tanea also  tells  us  that  a  St.  Johannes  was  martyred  on  the 
banks  of  the  river  Torridge,  and  suggests  that  Hatherleigh 
Church,  also  now  dedicated  to  St.  John  Baptist,  was  called  after 
him  ;  be  this  as  it  may,  Instow  as  the  only  Johnstow  in  Devon, 
and  standing  as  it  does  on  the  banks  of  the  mouth  of  the 
Torridge,  marks  almost  certainly  the  burial  place  of  this  saint. 

ST.    KEA. 

There  is  scarcely  any  saint  of  whom  it  is  more  difficult  to  give 
any  account  than  St.   Kea,  who  has  left  two  dedications  to 


Q2  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


himself,  one  in  Devon  and  one  in  Cornwall,  both  anciently 
called  Landege  or  Llanege,  which  is  an  abbreviation  of  Llan-ty- 
Kea.  The  Devonshire  parish  which  is  called  in  Bishop  Briwere's 
charter  of  1225  Landege,  and  in  1285  had  become  Landekeye, 
is  now  Landkey,  though  we  North  Devon  folk  still  pronounce 
it  Lan-key,  but  the  Cornish  parish  has  become  St.  Kea.  Who 
was  St.  Kea  ?  John  Norden,  who  wrote  in  1585,  says  St.  Kea 
is  the  same  as  St.  Kebi ;  but  Albert  le  Grand  gives  the  life  of  a 
Breton  Saint,  St.  Kc  or  St.  Kenan,  who  seems  identical  with 
our  St.  Kea.  According  to  this  legend,  St.  Kea  was  a  bishop 
who  was  told  by  an  angel  to  get  a  bell  and  then  start  on  his 
travels,  and  whenever  he  came  to  a  place  that  God  wanted  him 
to  stop  at,  the  bell  would  start  ringing  of  itself.  St.  Kea  applied 
to  St.  Gildas,  who  gave  him  a  bell,  and  then  he  set  out ;  he 
crossed  the  Severn  Sea  and  came  to  Llanege,  and  there  the  bell 
began  to  ring,  so  the  saint  settled  down  and  built  him  a  church. 
One  day  a  stag  which  the  king  was  hunting  took  refuge  there  ; 
the  saint  protected  it,  and  the  king  in  a  rage  carried  off  the 
four  oxen  the  saint  had  been  ploughing  with,  but  next  morning 
four  stags  came  to  take  their  place.  This,  it  will  be  noted,  is 
very  similar  to  the  North  Devon  legend  of  St.  Brannock.  The 
saint,  however,  was  so  angry  that  he  took  up  his  bell  and  went 
off  on  his  travels  again,  and  came  at  last  to  Brittany,  where  he 
founded  many  churches,  and  has  to  this  day  a  great  reputation 
for  curing  disorders  of  children.     St.  Kea's  day  is  October  3. 

-ST.    KEBI. 

Whether  St.  Kebi  was  the  founder  of  Landkey  or  not,  at  any 
rate  he  is  a  famous  Devon  Saint,  and  one  of  the  few  who  have 
given  inspiration  to  modern  writers,  for  the  story  of  the  daily 
meeting  of  Kebi  the  Dark  and  Seiriol  the  Fair  forms  the  basis 
of  Matthew  Arnold's  sonnet  -'East  and  West,"  in  which  he  gives 
the  old  legend  a  new  and  mystic  meaning.  Quiller  Couch,  in 
his  Holy  Wells  of  Cornwall,  has  also  something  to  say  of  him. 

St.  Kebi  was  born  in  the  district  of  the  Three  Towns,  being 
the  son  of  St.  Selyf,  Prince  or  King  of  Damnonia,  and  his  wife 
St.  Gwen,  sister  of  St.  Non,  and  so  first  cousin  to  St.  David. 
There  are  lives  of  him  in  all  the  old  Enghsh  Martyrologies,  and 
in  them  we  are  told  that  he  remained  in  the  region  between 
Tamar  and  Limar  till  twenty-seven  years  of  age,  when  he  went 
on  a  pilgrimage  to  Jerusalem  ;  after  which  he  returned  to  Dam- 
nonia, where  he  founded  various  Churches,  among  them  those 
at  Tregony  and  Duloe,  which  still  bear  his  name.  The  people 
were  very  discontented  with  their  King,  probably  his  brother 
Constantine,  and  wished  to  elevate  St.  Kebi  to  the  throne,  and 


The  Saints  oj  Devon  93 


to  avoid  this  the  saint,  with  four  companions,  set  out  for  South 
Wales.  If  St.  Kebi  is  the  founder  of  Landkey,  it  would  probably 
be  during  this  journey  that  he  founded  the  church  there.  He 
arrived  at  last  at  Cardiff,  near  which  he  founded  another  church 
— Llangibby  ;  from  thence  he  went  to  visit  his  cousin  St.  David, 
and  then  crossed  over  to  Ireland  and  reached  the  Isle  of  Arran. 
Here  he  had  a  lot  of  disputes  with  Fintan,  the  priest  of  the 
place,  and  according  to  the  customs  of  the  times  the  two  fasted 
against  each  other  and  cursed  one  another  pretty  roundly,  so 
at  last  St.  Kebi  had  to  return  to  Wales,  as  he  dared  not  go  to 
Damnonia,  and  settled  finally  near  Anglesea, 

While  living  there  he  used  to  go  every  day  to  meet  St.  Seiriol, 
and  as  St.  Kebi  journeyed  eastward  in  the  morning  and  back 
westward  in  the  evening,  he  always  had  the  sun  in  his  face,  and 
so  became  tanned  and  burnt :  while  St.  Seiriol,  journeying  west- 
wards in  the  morning  and  back  eastwards  in  the  evenings,  always 
had  the  sun  at  his  back,  and  so  kept  his  fairness,  and  they  were 
known  as  Kebi  the  Dark  and  Seiriol  the  Fair.  Matthew  Arnold's 
rendering  of  the  story  is — 

"  Two  saints  met  often  where  those  waters  flow, 
One  came  from  Penmon  westward,  and  a  glow 
Whitened  his  face  from  the  sun's  fronting  ray  ; 
Eastward  the  other,  from  the  dying  day. 
And  he  with  unsunn'd  face  did  always  go  ; 
Seiriol  the  Bright,  Kybi  the  Dark  !    men  said. 
The  seer  from  the  east  was  then  in  light. 
The  seer  from  the  west  was  then  in  shade. 
Ah,  now  'tis  changed.     In  conquering  sunshine  bright 
The  man  of  the  bold  West  now  comes  array 'd  ; 
He  of  the  mystic  East  is  touched  with  night." 

St.  Kebi  died  on  November  8,  about  a.d.  55C,  but  Nicholas 
Roscarrock  gives  his  day  as  August  13  ;  this  may  be  some 
translation  of  his  reUcs.  Outside  Holyhead  Church  may  still 
be  seen  the  inscription  '  Sancti  Kebie  ora  pro  nobis,"  and  the 
print  of  his  foot  was  believed  to  be  visible  in  the  rock  at  the 
east  end  of  the  Church.  Widworthy  Church  and  Cowick  are 
also  foundations  of  his  in  Devon. 

ST.   KERRIAN. 

St.  Kerrian  is  best  known  to  Devonshire  men  as  the  patron 
saint  of  one  of  the  old  churches  of  Exeter  which  has  lately  been 
pulled  down.  Kerrian  is  another  form  of  Piran,  and  so  is 
doubtless  identical  with  St.  Piran,  the  patron  saint  of  the 
tinners,  and  well  known  in  Cornwall  as  the  founder  of  Perranza- 
buloe  and  other  churches.  All  the  Hves  of  this  saint  are  only 
English  versions  of  the  life  of  St.  Ciaran  of  Saighcr,  a  well-known 


94  Ihe  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


Irish  saint,  of  which  Plummer  says  :  "  This  Ufe  takes  the  saint 
from  Ireland  to  Cornwall  and  buries  him  at  Perranzabuloe  ; 
of  this  there  is  not  the  slightest  trace  in  Irish  sources,  which  do 
not  record  even  a  temporary  sojourn  in  Cornwall ;  on  the 
contrary,  Ciaran  lived,  died,  and  was  buried  in  Ireland." 

It  is  evident  then  that  our  St.  Kerrian  was  a  saint  of  whom 
next  to  nothing  was  known,  and  to  supply  particulars  for  a  life 
the  mediaeval  hagiographers  took  the  life  of  a  saint  with  a 
similar-sounding  name,  and  used  its  details  for  the  life  of  our  St. 
Piran  or  Kerrian.  There  is,  however,  another  Piran  mentioned 
in  history,  who  may  well  be  our  St.  Piran,  and  that  is  a  British 
bishop  who  in  the  year  a.d.  552  fled  before  the  invading  Saxon 
to  the  west  ;  his  date  is  the  period  during  which  we  know 
Christianity  was  establishing  itself  in  Devon  and  Cornwall,  and 
he  may  well  have  been  the  founder  of  the  church  at  Exeter,  and 
afterwards  of  the  various  Piran  foundations  in  Cornwall ;  the 
chief  of  these  was  Lanpiran,  which  we  know  was  a  collegiate 
church  before  the  date  of  the  Domesday  survey.  In  mediaeval 
times  relics  of  our  saint  were  highly  reverenced  :  St.  Piran's 
head,  which  was  preserved  in  a  shrine,  is  mentioned  in  the  will 
of  Sir  John  Arundell  in  a.d.  1433  ;  the  relics  of  the  saint  are 
also  mentioned  in  various  visitations  of  the  Bishops  of  Exeter. 
Had  they  been  the  reUcs  of  the  famous  St.  Ciaran  of  Saighir, 
one  of  the  greatest  of  the  Irish  saints,  we  should  most  certainly 
have  some  confirmation  of  it  from  Irish  records,  whereas  what 
notices  we  have  of  St.  Piran  apart  from  his  life,  instead  of  in  any 
way  connecting  him  with  St.  Ciaran,  speak  of  him  as  a  Bishop 
of  Cornwall ;  the  Launceston  Kalendar  enters  him  as  "  St. 
Pyranus  Episcopus  de  Cornubia "  ;  according  to  WilUam  of 
Worcester,  the  Bodmin  Antiphoner  calls  him  '•  St.  Piranus 
Episcopus  "  ;  Grandisson's  Sanctorale  calls  him  a  bishop  and 
confessor  whose  life  shone  with  virtues  and  miracles.  So,  apart 
from  his  day,  March  5,  being  the  same,  and  the  similarity  of 
the  lives,  all  evidences  point  to  our  St.  Kerrian  or  Piran  being 
a  distinct  person  from  the  Irish  saint. 

ST.   MELOR. 

In  Bishop  Grandisson's  Legendarium,  now  in  the  Exeter 
Chapter  Library,  there  is,  under  October  1,  a  full  account  of  the 
life  of  St.  Melor,  in  which  it  is  stated  that  he  was  the  son  of 
Melianus,  King  of  Cornwall,  and  that  his  mother  was  a  Devon- 
shire woman,  named  Haurilla,  of  the  lineage  of  Count  Rivold, 
who  had  formerly  come  from  across  the  sea,  and  that  his  father 
MeUanus  died  when  the  child  was  seven  years  of  age.  The 
legend  goes  on  to  relate  how  Rivold,  his  uncle,  seized  the  child 


The  Saints  of  Devon  95 


and  cut  off  his  right  hand  and  left  foot,  and  how  a  silver  hand 
and  a  brass  foot  were  substituted  for  the  lost  members,  and  the 
Divine  power  was  manifested,  in  that  the  child  was  able  to 
employ  these  metal  substitutes  as  though  they  were  flesh  and 
bone.  The  legend  then  goes  on  that  St.  Melor  was  brought  up 
in  the  cell  of  St.  Coventinus,  and  his  fame  became  so  great  that 
his  uncle  Rivold,  not  content  with  the  mutilation  which  would 
for  ever  prevent  the  child  occupying  the  throne,  determined 
to  have  him  murdered.  This  story  of  St.  Melor  forms  the 
fourth,  fifth,  and  sixth  lessons  for  the  feasts  of  the  Translation 
of  Sts.  Remigius  and  Vedast,  and  Sts.  Bavon  and  Melor,  which 
has  nine  lessons  in  Grandisson's  Legendarium,  and  as  it  is  one 
of  the  very  few  local  saints'  days  for  which  we  have  the  lessons 
in  that  most  disappointing  volume,  I  should  have  given  them 
in  full,  only  it  happens  that  St.  Melor  is  not  really  a  west-country 
saint ;  the  Devon  and  Cornwall  mentioned  in  the  legend  should 
be  properly  Domnonie  and  Cornouaille  in  Brittany — Grandis- 
son's Legendarium  confounds  the  two  similar  names.  There 
is,  however,  a  slight  connection  between  Devon  and  St.  Melor, 
as  it  was  a  Devonshire  woman,  Elfrida,  daughter  of  Earl  Ordgar 
and  widow  of  King  Edgar,  who  founded  the  church  of  Ames- 
bury,  where  St.  Melor's  relics,  after  they  had  been  brought  to 
England  for  safety  during  the  ravages  of  the  Northmen,  found 
a  home.  St.  Melor  is  still  the  patron  saint  of  Amesbury,  and 
had  also  a  chapel  at  Thorncombe  in  Devon  dedicated  to  him. 

ST.  NON. 

St.  Non  is  the  foundress  of  one  Devon  church,  Bradstone, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Tamar.  She  is  best  known,  however 
through  the  life  of  her  famous  son,  St.  David  ;  though  the 
legend  of  her  life  is  said  to  have  existed  for  many  years  in  one 
of  the  service  books  at  Altamon,  Cornwall.  Very  little  is  really 
known  of  her  ;  she  appears  to  have  lived  a  great  deal  of  her  life 
in  Damnonia,  near  her  sister  Gwen,  wife  of  Selyf,  King  of 
Damnonia,  and  it  is  probably  her  presence  there  which  accounts 
for  the  St.  David  foundations  we  find  in  Devon,  as  he  is  said 
to  have  often  visited  his  mother,  and  St.  Non,  according  to 
WiUiam  of  Worcester,  copying  from  the  Kalendarof  St.  Michael's 
Mount,  was  buried  in  her  Church  at  Altamon.  Her  name,  Non, 
was  taken  by  mediaeval  writers  as  equivalent  to  nun,  and  so  it  is 
assumed  that  she  was  actually  a  nun  ;  but  Non  was  a  name  borne 
by  many  women,  notably  the  mother  of  St.  Gregory  Nazianzen. 
And  among  the  Goidels  Nonnitus  was  a  common  man's  name  ; 
its  genitive,  Nonnita,  appears  on  an  inscribed  stone  at  Tregony. 


y 


96  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

The  Welsh  poets  speak  of  St.   Non's  wondrous  beauty    and 
miracles,  and  among  the  sayings  of  the  wise  we  have  the  triad — 

"  Hast  thou  heard  the  saying  uttered  by  Non, 
The  mother  of  Dewi  Sant  was  she; 
There  is  no  madness  Hke  contention." 

Her  day  is  March  3. 

ST.  PADERN. 

St,  Padern  is  the  founder  of  a  small  group  of  churches  in 
that  part  of  Devon  that  crosses  the  Tamar  and  runs  like  a 
narrow  tongue  into  Cornwall,^ — Werrington,  North  and  South 
Petherwyn.  He  is  best  known  as  Bishop  of  Llanbadarn  Fawr, 
in  Wales ;  an  Armorican  by  birth,  he  was  brought  by  his  father 
Pedrwn  to  Wales  as  a  small  child,  and  they  settled  near  Aberyst- 
with.  Padern  studied  under  St.  Illtyd  at  Llantwit,  and  after- 
wards established  a  monastery  and  bishopric  at  Llanbadarn 
Fawr.  He  is  styled  in  the  Welsh  Triads  one  of  the  three  Blessed 
Visitors  of  Britain  ;  the  other  two  were  St.  David  and  St.Teilo, 
and  they  were  so  called  because  they  went  as  guests  to  the 
houses  of  the  gentle  and  simple,  native  and  stranger,  without 
accepting  fee  or  reward,  victuals  or  drink,  to  teach  the  faith  of 
Christ  without  pay  or  thanks,  besides  which  they  gave  the  poor 
and  needy  gifts  of  gold,  silver,  raiment,  and  provisions. 

On  the  invitation  of  Caradoc  Freichfas,  he  visited  Devon  and 
received  from  him  the  district  of  Petherwyn,  where  he  founded 
three  churches.  There  are  lives  of  this  saint  in  most  of  the 
Enghsh  Martyrologies  ;  as  the  one  given  by  Whytford  is  short, 
I  give  it  in  full:  "April  15.  The  Feast  of  St.  Paterne, that 
with  St.  David  went  unto  Jerusalem,  where  he  received  suddenly 
the  grace  of  tongues  to  speak  in  every  language,  and  was  there 
made  bishop  by  the  hands  of  the  patriarch,  and  after  came  into 
England,  where  he  had  revelations  of  angels,  and  raised  two 
persons  to  hfe,  with  many  other  great  miracles." 

The  book  of  Llandaff  tells  us  that  St.  Padern  was  an  excellent 
singer,  and  in  recognition  of  his  talents  received  when  he  was 
at  Jerusalem  a  staff  and  a  silk  choral  cope. 

One  of  the  sayings  of  the  wise  is — 

"  Hast  thou  heard  the  saying  of  Padern, 
The  correct  powerful  preacher : 
What  a  man  does  God  will  judge." 

He  has  many  churches  in  Wales  dedicated  to  him  ;  his  day 
is  April  15. 

ST.  PATRICK. 

The  St.  Patrick  who  visited  Damnonia  and  was  buried  at 
Glastonbury,  where  his  bones  were  among  its  most  treasured 


The  Saints  of  Devon  97 


relics,  was  certainly  not  the  famous  St.  Patrick,  the  Apostle  of 
Ireland,  but  one  of  the  five  St.  Patricks  whose  lives  have  all 
been  so  jumbled  together  that  all  attempts  to  settle  what  belongs 
to  each  is  only  to  make  confusion  worse  confounded ;  but, 
which  ever  it  was,  there  is  one  incident  in  the  lives  that  shows 
the  visit  to  Devonshire  was  no  mere  passing  through,  but  a 
sojourn  of  several  years.  In  the  Vita  Tertia  in  Joscelyn,  and 
in 'the  copy  of  the  Tripartite  Life  used  by  Usher,  it  is  said  that 
St.  Patrick  spent  some  years  in  the  "  Insula  Tamarensis "  ; 
this  can  only  mean  the  island  now  called  Drake's  or  St.  Nicholas, 
facing  Plymouth  Hoe.  Owing  to  similarity  in  their  names, 
there  is  frequently  in  our  Devon  records  some  confusion  between 
St.  Patrick  and  St.  Petrock,  and  often  St.  Petrock's  churches 
are  described  as  dedicated  to  St.  Patrick.  I  do  not  propose  to 
attempt  in  any  way  to  unravel  the  puzzle  of  the  many  St. 
Patricks,  but  will  merely  record  a  St.  Patrick  among  our  Devon 
Saints. 

ST.   SELYF. 

St.  Selyf,  whose  name  is  sometimes  written  Solomon,  was  a 
native  of  Devon,  being  son  of  Geraint,  Prince  of  Devon,  and 
after  his  father's  death  was  a  Devonshire  Regulus,  his  residence 
being  at  Gelliwig.  He  married  St,  Gwen,  aunt  of  St.  David, 
and  their  son  was  the  famous  St.  Kebi.  We  know  scarcely 
anything  of  St.  Selyf,  except  that  he  is  said  to  have  been  killed 
in  Brittany.  There  are  possibly  two  dedications  to  this  saint — 
Lansalos  in  Cornwall,  called  in  Domesday  Lansalpus,  and  in 
Grandisson's  Register  Lansalewys,  and  a  chapel  at  Barnstaple 
within  the  Castle  which  appears  as  St.  Salpin's,  and  St.  Salphinus 
in  Bishop  Stafford's  Register. 

If  Landkey  is  St.  Kebi's,  as  some  authorities  state,  then  we 
have  father  and  son  in  two  neighbouring  parishes,  which  would 
suggest  that  St.  Selyf  ruled  over  part  of  North  Devon  at  some 
period  of  his  life,  and  that  Barnstaple,  or  rather  Roborough 
Camp  on  the  hill  above  it,  was  one  of  his  cities. 
ST.  WENN.  See  ST.  GWEN. 
ST.  WINWALOE. 

The  dedication  of  the  Church  of  Portlemouth,  South  Devon, 
is  a  good  example  of  how  the  names  of  the  old  Keltic  saints 
liave  got  Latinized  out  of  all  recognition.  In  all  the  standard 
authorities  it  is  given  as  St.  Onolaus — a  saint  whom  Miss  Arnold- 
Foster,  in  her  Church  Dedications,  describes  as  quite  unknown. 
On  turning  to  the  Exeter  Episcopal  Registers,  we  find  that  in 
Brantyngham's  the  dedication  appears  as  St.  Wonewalaus — a 
transcriber  by  leaving  out  the  w's  got  Onalaus.  In  an  inquisition 


98  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

in  the  same  Register  it  appears  as  St.Wynwolay,  and  in  both 
these  extracts  we  have  no  difficulty  in  recognizing  a  well-known 
west-country  saint,  St.  Winwaloe. 

Brooking-Rowe  gives  the  dedication  as  St.  Twinnel ;    this  is 
also  another  form  of  St.  Winwaloe's  name  made  familiar  by  an 
old  folklore  rhyme  alluding  to  the  first  three  days  of  March  and 
the  stormy  weather  that  often  accompanies  them  : — 
"  First  comes  David,  then  comes  Chad, 
Then  comes  Winnel  roaring  mad." 

While  there  are  lives  of  this  saint  in  the  Nova  Legenda 
AnglicB  and  other  martyrologies,  they  are  most  unsatisfactory, 
as  they  only  give  accounts  of  events  happening  in  Armorica, 
though,  as  Whittaker  in  his  Cathedral  of  Cornwall  points  out, 
St.  Winwaloe  is  a  Damnonian  Saint.  He  has  besides  Portle- 
mouth,  still  many  dedications  in  Cornwall,  viz.,  Landewednack, 
Towednack,  Gunwalloe,  parish  churches,  as  well  as  various 
chapels.  In  Bede,  as  Whittaker  points  out,  it  is  expressly 
stated  that  he  was  born  in  Cornwall  on  April  28.  The  life  and 
legend  of  the  saint  appears  to  have  been  carried  across  to 
Armorica  by  Keltic  emigrants,  who  named  a  town  there  Lande- 
vennec  after  their  old  home  in  Cornwall — just  as  later  emigrants 
took  Devon  town  names  to  America.  The  story  of  our  Damno- 
nian Saint  was  forgotten  in  his  old  home,  but  preserved  by  the 
emigrants  who  associated  their  new  home  with  him  ;  and  his  life, 
written  long  after,  had  naturally  local  colour  and  associated  the 
saint  only  with  the  new  home.  So  we  get  St.  Winwaloe  described 
as  son  of  Fracan,  a  relative  of  a  King  of  Cornwall,  and  his  mother 
given  as  Gwen.  In  Fracan  and  Gwen  we  may  recognize  our 
old  friend  Brychan;  so  St.  Winwaloe  was  probably  one  of  the 
numerous  children  of  Brychan  who  figure  so  largely  in  Wales 
and  Damnonia  ahke.  As  there  are  no  details  of  his  life  that  we 
can  associate  with  our  county,  it  will  be  unnecessary  to  tell  it. 
The  cult  of  this  saint  seems  to  have  been  brought  across  the 
channel  again  by  the  Breton  companions  of  William  the 
Conqueror,  and  so  we  find  dedications  to  him  in  Norfolk,  where 
the  abbreviated  form  of  the  Saint's  name,  Winnol,  originated. 

Bede  gives  probably  the  oldest  form — Guingualoe.  In 
Cornwall  the  Saint's  day  was  April  28 ;  in  Brittany  and 
Norfolk,  March  3. 

ST.  ALDHELM. 

St.  Aldhelm  is  the  greatest  of  the  Saints  of  Wessex,  and  Devon 
may  well  be  proud  to  claim  an  important  share  in  the  life  and 
work  of  this  remarkable  man,  who  was  one  of  the  most  striking 
characters  of  his  age,  alike  a  statesman,  a  scholar,  a  musician, 
a  poet,  and  a  saint. 


The  Saints  of  Devon  99 


His  connection  with  Devonshire  was  fourfold,  viz. — 

(i)  He  was  the  Apostle  of  the  half-heathen  Saxons  in  East 
Devon,  and  the  first  English  Bishop  to  rule  over  any  part  of  our 
county. 

(ii)  He  spent  some  time  travelling  through  all  parts  of  Devon 
and  Cornwall  to  learn  something  of  the  religious  life  of  its  people. 

(iii)  He  was  the  author  of  the  earliest  authentic  document 
relating  to  Devonshire  ecclesiastical  history. 

(iv)  He  was  the  man  who  made  an  agreement  between  the 
Keltic  and  Saxon  Churches  in  Devonshire  not  only  possible 
but  also  a  reality,  and  so  laid  the  foundations  for  the  various 
races — Ivemian,  Goidel,  Brython,  and  Saxon,  who  inhabited 
our  county,  becoming  one  people,  "  The  men  of  Devon." 

To  us  the  matters  in  dispute,  which  were  mainly  the  correct 
computation  of  the  Easter  cycle,  and  the  fashion  in  which  the 
clergy  should  have  their  hair  cut,  seem  trivial  and  absurd ;  but 
after  all,  great  questions  lay  behind  them,  and  in  those  days 
they  were  the  points  round  which  all  their  controversies  centred, 
and  to  settle  them  there  was  no  man  so  well  fitted  as  St.  Aldhelm, 
for  though  an  Englishman  by  birth,  his  father  being  Centwine, 
a  near  kinsman  of  King  Ine,  his  education  was  Keltic,  having 
been  trained  for  the  first  fifteen  years  of  his  life  by  Maelduib,  a 
Goidehc  hermit,  and  so  must  have  been  familiar  with  the  views 
and  ideals  of  the  Keltic  Church.  Leaving  Maelduib,  he  went 
to  Adrian,  an  African  scholar  who  had  been  brought  to  England 
by  Archbishop  Theodore,  and  under  him  studied  Latin,  Greek, 
and  Hebrew.  Aldhelm  therefore  could  look  on  both  the  Keltic 
and  English  sides  of  the  controversies,  and  combined  in  himself 
the  austere  discipline  of  the  Keltic  Church  with  the  scholarship 
of  the  Latin.  More  than  this,  Aldhelm  was  a  man  of  earnest 
piety  ;  he  is  the  author  of  the  often  quoted  saying  concerning 
Bible  reading  and  prayer  :  "In  reading,  God  speaks  to  me  ; 
in  praying,  I  speak  to  God."  Thus  equipped,  he  returned  to 
Malmesbury,  of  which  he  had  become  Abbot,  and  renewed  his 
acquanitance  with  Damnonian  Christianity,  for  some  time 
between  a.d.  675  and  700  he  set  out  on  a  journey  through 
Devon  and  Cornwall.  Unfortunately  we  have  no  particulars 
of  this  visit  beyond  the  description  in  one  of  the  saint's  poems, 
where  he  says — 


"  Quando  profectus  fueram. 
Usque  diram  Domnoniam, 
Per  carentem  Cornubiam 
Florulentis  cespitibus 
Et  foecundis  graminibus." 


loo  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

These  words  at  least  show  us  that  he  went  right  across  Devon 
and  into  Cornwall,  though  the  description  of  our  county  as 
"  Dire  Damnonia  that  lacks  the  flower-spangled  meadows 
and  fruitful  herbs,"  is  not  flattering,  and  read  in  conjunction 
with  William  of  Malmesbury's  account  of  the  land  round  Exeter 
in  the  time  of  King  Athelstan — "  a  barren  and  unfruitful  soil 
that  can  scarcely  produce  indifferent  oats,  and  frequently  only 
the  empty  husk  without  the  grain,"  shows  us  that  the  vast  wood- 
lands which  then  covered  so  much  of  North  Devon,  of  which 
we  have  still  a  reminder  in  parishes  called  Morchard  and 
Nymet,  coupled  with  so  much  unreclaimed  soil,  must  have  made 
the  chmate  far  colder  and  damper  than  it  is  now. 

But  to  return  to  St.  Aldhelm,  his  letter  to  Geraint  and  the 
Devon  clergy  shows  us  how  intimate  he  became  with  all  the 
details  of  life  among  the  Devon  folk  of  those  days,  and  his 
interest  in  the  Devon  Church  is  shown  by  his  persuading 
King  Ine  to  restore  the  Damnonian  shrine  of  Glastonbury — the 
Holy  City  of  its  rehgion.  The  growth  of  the  Keltic  element  in  the 
West  Saxon  kingdom,  as  it  extended  westward  had,  too,  become 
a  matter  of  serious  importance,  so  when  in  a.d.  705  a  synod 
was  held  to  consider  the  question  of  the  relationship  of  the 
Keltic  and  English  Churches,  it  was  obvious  that  St.  Aldhelm 
was  the  man  to  act  as  the  mouthpiece  of  the  West  Saxon  clergy 
in  urging  the  Kelts  of  the  West  to  conform  to  Cathohc  practices. 
Accordingly,  Aldhelm  wrote  the  letter  addressed  to  "  The  most 
glorious  Lord  wielding  the  sceptre  of  the  Western  Kingdom, 
King  Gerontius,  and  also  to  all  the  priests  of  God  dwelHng 
throughout  the  Domnonian  realm." 

The  letter  is  so  long  that  I  will  not  quote  it  in  full,  but  it  is 
a  remarkable  one  for  the  period  ;  it  treats  Devonshire  priests 
and  men  as  persons  who  are  to  be  convinced  by  reason,  and 
shows  a  strong  desire  for  union  with  them. 

Shortly  after  this.  King  Ine  divided  his  kingdom  into  two 
bishoprics,  and  St.  Aldhelm  was  consecrated  as  bishop  of  all 
that  part  of  it  west  of  Selwood,  and  fixed  his  see  at  Sherborne, 
so  his  diocese  comprehended  part  of  East  Devon.  He  ruled 
over  it  for  less  than  five  years,  for  while  engaged  on  his  diocesan 
work  he  fell  sick  at  Doulting,  and  died  there  on  May  25,  a.d. 
709.  His  remains  were  carried  to  his  beloved  Malmesbury, 
crosses  being  raised  on  the  way  at  every  station  where  the 
bearers  rested  for  the  night. 

The  poems  of  St.  Aldhelm  and  the  ballads  in  his  native  tongue, 
which  he  sang  to  his  own  accompaniment,  were  remembered 
by  the  peasantry  and  sung  by  them  for  hundreds  of  years  after 
his  death,  though,  alas,  none  have  come  down  to  us.     WiUiam 


The  Saints  of  Devon  lor 


of  Malmesburj''  also  tells  us,  on  the  authority  of  the  lost  manual 
of  Alfred,  how  they  were  that    king's  solace  in  his  troubles. 

Many  miracles  were  said  to  have  been  wrought  by  him ;  the 
most  famous  was,  some  230  years  after  his  death,  at  the  great 
battle  of  Brunanburh.  King  Athelstan  dropped  his  sword  ; 
surrounded  by  the  enemy,  he  called  on  God  and  St.  Aldhelm, 
and  the  sword  was  miraculously  restored  to  his  hand. 

There  are  several  lives  of  this  great  Saint,  but  the  earliest, 
written  by  his  contemporary,  Bishop  Egwene,  is  not  now  in 
existence. 

ST.   ATHELSTAN. 

Among  the  Keltic  Saints  we  always  find  included  the  names 
of  all  the  Keltic  rulers  who  were  founders  of  churches  or 
spreaders  of  the  Christian  faith ;  and  with  this  example  before 
us,  there  is  one  famous  king  who,  though  never  canonized  by 
authority  or  popular  acclaim,  must  surely  be  included  in  a 
Kalendar  of  Devon  Saints,  and  that  is  King  Athelstan.  For 
throughout  the  county,  north,  south,  east,  and  west,  innumer- 
able churches  and  religious  houses  claim  him  as  their  founder, 
and  at  the  mother  church  of  Devon,  Exeter  Cathedral,  the 
bidding  prayer  ran,  "  Ye  shall  pray  for  the  soul  of  King  Athel- 
stan, the  first  founder  of  this  place,"  and  it  still  possesses  the 
catalogue  of  priceless  relics  he  bestowed  upon  it.  Keltic  and 
English  Churches  alike  were  the  objects  of  his  munificence,  and 
we  are  told  of  his  passionate  orisons  and  devout  vows  at  the 
oratory  of  St.  Burian,  as,  sword  in  hand,  he  threw  himself  on 
the  stones  before  the  altar,  ere  starting  on  one  of  his  expeditions. 
In  fact  there  is  no  other  man  who  occupies  such  a  large  place  in 
the  rehgious  history  of  Devon  as  Athelstan  the  King,  founder 
and  benefactor  of  churches.  And  the  Kalendar  of  the  English 
Church  might  well  be  enlarged  by  the  inclusion  of  at  least  two 
early  English  kings  who  have  yet  no  place  in  it — Athelstan 
and  his  grandfather.  King  Alfred.  Indeed,  on  March  20, 
1441,  King  Henry  VI  wrote  to  Pope  Eugenius  IV  urging  the 
canonization  of  King  Alfred,  and  there  seems  but  little  doubt 
that  had  King  Henry's  reign  been  more  tranquil  success  would 
have  crowned  his  request  ;  be  this  as  it  may,  in  the  earlier 
ages  it  was  not  the  action  of  authorities  but  the  opinions  of 
local  churches  and  the  acclamation  of  the  public  that  bestowed 
the  title.  In  England  it  has  been  the  custom  from  the  very 
beginning  to  give  the  title  to  founders  of  churches,  and  even 
when  the  original  builder  of  the  church  or  rehgious  house  made 
choice  of  some  honoured  scriptural  name,  a  later  generation 
set  it  aside  in  honour  of  the  founder's  own  ;    thus  Wimborne 


102  TJie  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

Minster  bears  the  name  of  St.  Cuthberga,  its  foundress,  sister 
of  King  Ina,  though  originally  dedicated  by  St.  Cuthberga 
herself  to  the  blessed  Virgin  Mary.  Following  this  example, 
there  are  many  Devonshire  Churches  that  might  rightly  and 
fittingly  be  named  St.  Athelstan's,  in  honour  of  the  saintly 
King  to  whom  the  Church  in  Devon  owes  so  much.  As  the 
story  of  Athelstan's  life  can  be  read  in  any  history  book,  it  will 
be  unnecessary  to  give  it  here,  but  I  would  mention  that  the 
date  of  his  death  was  October  27,  a.d.  940,  on  which  day  his 
name  should  appear  in  a  Devonshire  Kalendar.  He  was  buried 
at  Malmesbury,  in  the  Church  of  St.  Aldhelm,  for  whom  he  had 
always  a  special  reverence  and  whom  he  looked  on  as  his  Patron 
Saint. 

ST.   LEOFRIC. 

St.  Leofric  is  stated  by  Alford,  in  his  Annates  EcclesicB 
AnglicancB  to  have  been  reckoned  among  the  saints,  and  in  his 
Index  of  English  Saints  he  asserts  that  his  feast  was  kept  on 
April  26 ;  had  we  not  this  authority,  we  should  not  hesitate  in 
reckoning  him  among  the  Saints  of  Devon.  For  not  only  was 
he  the  founder  and  first  Bishop  of  the  Cathedral  of  Exeter,  but 
also,  according  to  a  MS.  in  the  Bodleian,  he  was  an  assiduous 
preacher  of  God's  Word,  a  trainer  of  his  clergy  in  rehgious 
discipline,  exemplary  in  his  discharge  of  spiritual  functions, 
and  the  erector  of  several  churches  in  his  diocese.  And  even 
beyond  this,  Prince  claims  him  as  a  Devonshire  man  by  birth 
and,  better  still,  descended  from  the  fine  of  Brutus,  the  legend- 
ary first  monarch  of  Devon.  Florence  of  Worcester,  who  was 
of  the  generation  almost  next  to  Leofric,  calls  him  Leofricus 
Brytonicus,  which  certainly  gives  some  support  to  Prince's 
claim  to  enroll  him  among  the  Worthies  of  Devon  ;  and  though 
this  claim  has  been  disputed  by  some  writers,  I  find  that  in  the 
latest  and  best  History  of  the  English  Church,  it  is  stated  that 
he  was  born  in  Cornwall. 

But  if  Leofric  was  by  birth  a  West  of  England  man,  it  was 
across  the  sea  in  Lorraine  that  he  received  his  education,  and 
it  is  to  the  circumstances  of  his  foreign  bringing  up  that  he 
probably  owed  his  introduction  to  Edward  the  Confessor,  who 
made  him  his  chaplain,  and  afterwards,  on  the  death  of  Ljrving, 
Bishop  of  Crediton.  Leofric,  with  his  continental  ideas,  desired 
to  have  his  see  in  a  city  and  not  in  a  small  country  town,  and 
so  determined  to  move  it  to  Exeter,  and  sought  the  approval  of 
King  Edward,  who  not  only  gave  his  sanction,  but  with  his  own 
hand  installed  the  first  Bishop  of  Exeter. 

There  is  still  extant  a  list  of  the  gifts  Leofric  made  to  his  new 
cathedral :    crosses,  chaUces,  candlesticks,  thuribles,  reliquaries, 


The  Saints  oj  Devon  103 

vestments,  hangings,  bells,  etc.,  all  of  which  are  enumerated 
in  the  catalogue.  But  above  all,  mention  must  be  made  of  the 
books,  for  it  is  by  them  that  Leofric's  memory  still  lives,  for, 
though  most  of  the  other  treasures  have  vanished,  yet  in  spite 
of  the  gross  carelessness  of  the  Exeter  librarians — their  custo- 
dians— a  large  number  of  the  priceless  volumes  still  survive, 
though  scattered  far  and  wide.  Finally,  Leofric  at  his  death 
bequeathed  his  chapel,  with  himself  and  all  that  he  had  pertain- 
ing to  the  divine  service,  to  the  servants  of  God  in  the  church 
of  Exeter,  on  condition  that  they  should  in  their  prayers  and 
mass  singing  ever  be  mindful  of  him  with  Christ,  St.  Peter,  and 
all  the  saints  to  whom  the  minster  was  dedicated.  He  died 
Februar}''  10,  1072,  and  was  buried  in  the  crypt  of  his  cathedral. 
In  an  age  when  most  of  his  order  were  politicians  and  self-seekers, 
he  entirely  abstained  from  such  things,  but  found  scope  for  his 
energy  in  watching  over  the  flock  committed  to  his  care,  and 
placing  on  a  firm  basis  the  church  he  had  founded. 

ST.  STEPHEN   HARDING. 

There  are  few  spots  in  our  country  that  recall  to  us  more  the 
memory  of  the  saints  of  old  than  the  ruined  Cistercian  houses 
which  lie  mostly  in  secluded  and  lovely  valleys  far  from  the 
madding  crowd  and  the  vulgar  haunts  of  men.  And  Devon 
men  may  feel  proud  to  remember  that  the  real  founder  of  the 
Order  which  raised  these  wondrous  piles  was  a  Devon  man. 

Born  on  the  eastern  edge  of  the  county,  not  far  from 
Axminster,  Harding,  as  he  wasnamed  in  baptism,  received  his 
education  at  the  monastery  of  Sherborne,  and  from  there  set 
forth  to  see  the  world.  Scotland,  France,  and  Italy  were  all 
visited  by  him,  and  on  his  return  he  came  to  the  monastery  of 
Molesme,  near  Dijon,  where  he  took  the  monastic  vows.  But 
he  soon  became  disgusted  with  his  brethren  there,  the  mass  of 
riches  and  weight  of  meat  bore  down  the  souls  that  struggled 
against  them  ;  he  struggled  to  make  them  follow  the  rules  of 
St.  Benedict  more  strictly  ;  they  refused,  saying  they  did  not 
want  to  imitate  Eastern  hermits  and  the  rules  of  St.  Maur  were 
quite  good  enough  for  them.  In  disgust,  Harding,  who  had 
also  taken  the  name  of  Stephen  on  entering  the  Order,  led  a 
secession  consisting  of  Abbot  Robert,  Prior  Alberic,  and  eighteen 
other  monks,  and  established  themselves  at  Citeaux,  a  barren 
marshy  place  that  took  its  name  from  the  stagnant  pools  that 
surrounded  it.  Here  Harding,  who  was  the  leading  spirit  of 
the  small  community,  introduced  the  strictest  observation  of 
the  rules  of  St.  Benedict,  but  the  privations  and  austerities 


104  ^^'^  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

proved  too  much  for  Abbot  Robert,  who  with  several  of  the 
monks  went  back  to  Molesme  r  the  eight  remaining  then  chose 
Prior  Alberic  as  abbot  and  Stephen  Harding  as  prior,  and  on 
Alberic's  death  Harding  was  elected  to  succeed  him,  and  the 
master  spirit  of  the  reform  became  its  recognized  head.  The 
severity  of  the  rule,  and  sickness,  reduced  their  numbers  still 
more,  but  in  1113  Bernard  and  30  others  joined  the  convent, 
and  from  this  time  forward  the  Order  spread  with  unexampled 
rapidity.  Harding  founded  thirteen  daughter  houses ;  he 
lived  to  see  his  Order  established  in  his  native  country,  and 
having  grown  Wind  and  feeble  he  resigned  his  office,  and,  after 
choosing  as  his  successor  his  favourite  disciple,  St.  Bernard, 
died  March  28,  1134. 

ST.   WALTER. 

All  we  know  of  this""  saint  is  a  statement  by  William  of 
Worcester  that  he  was  a  monk  of  the  Order  of  Bekeherlewyn, 
in  Normandy ;  born  at  Norwich,  and  lived  the  life  of  a  religious 
in  the  monastery  of  Cowick,  near  Exeter ;  was  canonized,  and 
a  legend  of  his  life  was  written.  This  legend  has  long  been  lost, 
and  so  no  day  of  his  can  be  given. 

ST.  CHRISTINA. 

The  Church  of  Christow,  or  Christenstow,  is  said  to  be  dedicated 
to  St.  Christina,  whose  shrine  lay  there,  and  from  whom  the 
parish  takes  its  name.  But  who  this  saint  could  be  has  long 
been  a  puzzle,  for  obviously  St.  Christina,  the  Roman  virgin 
<jf  patrician  birth  who  was  martyred  in  a.d.  295,  by  being 
thrown  into  Lake  Bolsena  with  a  millstone  round  her  neck,  and 
yet  floated  on  the  surface  supported  by  angels,  and  was  at  last 
shot  to  death  by  arrows,  could  not  possibly  be  the  Christina 
who  reposed  at  Christen's-stow ;  neither  could  St.  Christina 
of  Tyre. 

However,  Nicholas  Roscarrock  gives  a  long  and  most  interest- 
ing life  of  our  Devon  Christina,  though  even  he  does  not  tell  us 
how  her  shrine  got  to  be  in  Devon.  It  begins,  "  One  Autie,  a 
gentleman  of  Huntingdon,  married  one  Beatrix,  who,  being  with 
child,  and  looking  out  of  her  window  towards  the  nunnery  of 
Our  Blessed  Lady,  between  the  feast  of  the  Assumption  and  the 
Nati\'ity,  saw  a  snow-white  dove  flying  from  thence  to  her,  and 
with  closed  wings  enter  into  her  right  sleeve,  which  remained 
with  her  till  the  child  was  born.  The  child  was  baptized  by 
the  name  of  Theodora,  but  it  was  changed  to  Christina  on  Christ 
appearing  to  her.     The  child  took  a  vow  of  perpetual  virginity 


The  Saints  of  Devon  105 


and  lived  virtuously  and  was  always  impatient  of  immodest 
speeches." 

The  story  then  goes  on  to  tell  how  "  a  young  gentleman 
named  Ranulph  Flamber,  who  was  Bishop  of  Durham,  sought 
to  deprive  her  of  her  virginity."  The  various  stratagems  by 
which  the  young  lady  evaded  the  devices  and  attempts  of  the 
young  gentleman  to  compass  his  desires  are  told  at  full  length, 
and  need  not  be  repeated  here.  But  in  spite  of  all  difficulties 
she  kept  her  vow  and  was  for  ever  after  esteemed  a  great  saint. 

Her  day  was  July  24,  according  to  the  Exeter  Kalendar. 
Ralph  Flambard  became  Bishop  of  Durham  in  1099,  and  died 
in  1128,  so  this  would  place  this  St.  Christina  at  the  end  of  the 
eleventh  or  the  beginning  of  the  twelfth  century.  This  will 
bring  my  tale  of  the  Saints  of  Devon  to  the  limit  I  had  imposed 
on  myself;  so  with  her  I  will  end  my  roll,  a  roll  which  I  think  no 
other  English  county  can  match,  and  of  which  every  Devonshire 
man  may  well  be  proud,  and  which  justifies  my  opening  state- 
ment that  Devon  is  indeed  a  Land  of  Saints. 


The  Forefathers. 

They  rear'd  their  lodges  in  the  wilderness, 
Or  built  them  cells  beside  the  shadowy  sea, 
And  there  they  dwelt  with  angels,  like  a  dream  ! 
So  they  unroll'd  the  Volume  of  the  Book, 
And  fiU'd  the  fields  of  the  Evangelist 
With  thoughts  as  sweet  as  flowers. 

R.  S.  Hawker. 


io6 


The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


KALENDAR    OF   THE    SAINTS 

OF   DEVON. 

Jan. 

6— St. 

Jutwara 

June 

26 — Trans.  St.  Brannock 

,, 

7-St. 

Brannock 

July 

6— St. 

Morwenna 

,, 

14— St. 

Cymorth 

7-St. 

Willibald 

jj 

15— St. 

Itha 

8— St. 

Urith 

yy 

19— St. 

Branwallader 

8— St. 

Disin 

Feb. 

I— St. 

Bridget 

9— St. 

Frederick 

»> 

2— St. 

Berwyn 

13 — Trans.  St.   Jutwara 

„ 

7-St. 

Richard 

15— St. 

Cewydd 

,, 

8— St. 

Selyf 

24— St. 

Christina 

» 

10— St. 

Leofric 

Aug. 

2— St. 

Sidwell 

»> 

15— St. 

Docwin 

10— St. 

Geraint 

17— St. 

Curig 

25— St. 

Elen 

March    i— St. 

David 

27— St. 

Decuman 

.J 

2— St. 

Non 

28— St. 

Rumon 

9> 

5-St. 

Kerrian 

Sept. 

5-St. 

Bedwini 

9— St. 

Constantine 

13— St. 

Dechan 

,j 

12— St. 

Paul  of  Leon 

24— St. 

Winnebald 

jj 

17— St. 

Patrick 

28— St. 

Lioba 

,, 

28— St. 

Stephen  Harding 

Oct. 

I— St. 

Melor 

April 

15— St. 

Padern 

3-St. 

Kea 

jj 

21— St. 

Beuno 

15— St. 

Medan 

jj 

28— St. 

Winwaloe 

17— St. 

Athelstan 

,, 

29— St. 

Endellion 

18— St. 

Wenn 

May 

16— St. 

Brendan 

Nov. 

3-St. 

Clether 

jj 

18— Trans.  St.  Nectan 

8— St. 

Kebi 

,, 

25— St. 

Aldhelm 

12— St. 

Wulvella 

,j 

28— St. 

German 

18— St. 

Credan 

June 

4— St. 

Petrock 

23— St. 

Monynna 

»> 

5-St. 
17— St. 

Boniface 

Nectan 

Dec. 

8— St. 

Budoc 

LIST    OF 

DEVON 

SAINTS. 

St. 

Aldhelm 

St. 

Disin 

St. 

Monynna 

St. 

Athelstan 

St. 

Docwin 

St. 

Morwenna 

St. 

Bedwini 

St. 

Elen 

St. 

Nectan 

St. 

Berwyn 

St. 

Endellion 

St. 

Non 

St. 

Beuno 

St. 

Frederick 

St. 

Padem 

St. 

Boniface 

St. 

Geraint 

St. 

Patrick 

St. 

Brannock 

St. 

German 

St. 

Paulus 

St. 

Branwallader 

St. 

Gwen 

St. 

Petrock 

St. 

Brendan 

St. 

Gwenan 

St. 

Richard 

St. 

Bridget 

St. 

Gwenliw 

St. 

Rumon 

St. 

Budoc 

St. 

Helligan 

St. 

Selyf 

St. 

Cewydd 

St. 

Itha 

St. 

Sidwell 

St. 

Christina 

St. 

Johannes 

St. 

Stephen  Harding 

St. 

Clether 

St. 

Jutwara 

St. 

Urith 

St. 

Conoglas 

St. 

Kea 

St. 

Walburga 

St. 

Constantine 

St. 

Kebi 

St. 

Walter 

St. 

Credan 

St. 

Kerrian 

St. 

Wenu 

St. 

Curig 

St. 

Leofric 

St. 

WiUibald 

St. 

Cymorth 

St. 

Lioba 

St. 

Winnibald 

St. 

David 

St. 

Medan 

St. 

Winwaloe 

St. 

Dechan 

St. 

Melor 

St. 

Wulvella 

Some  Recent  Devonshire  Literature  107 

Some  Recent  Devonshire  Literature. 

Compiled  by  H.  Tapley-Soper,  City  Librarian,  Exeter. 

(This  list  aims  at  including  all  books  by  Devonians,  by  residents  in  Devon, 
and  books  about  Devon.  The  compiler  will  be  grateful  if  readers  will  inform 
him  of  any  omissions,  in  order  that  they  may  be  included  in  next  year's  list. 
Publishers  are  invited  to  send  to  the  compiler  copies  of  books  for  notice  in 
future  issues  of  the  Year  Book.) 

Ashford,  Faith:  "  Child-man  in  Britain."  (Harrap,  1/6  net.) 
1913. 

Boggis,  R.  J.  E.  "  History  of  the  Parish  and  Church  of  St.  Mary 
Magdalene,  Barnstaple."  (The  Author,  Barnstaple,  3/-  net.) 
1915. 

Bonham,  A.  E.  "  Practical  Guide  to  the  Inspection  of  Meat 
and  Foods."     (Pollard,  Exeter,  5/-  net.)     1915. 

"  Chase,  Beatrice."  "  Through  a  Dartmoor  Window,"  (Long- 
mans, Green  &  Co.,  4/6  net.)     1915. 

"  Davy's  Devon  Herd  Book,"  vol.  38  (Annual).  (Mounter, 
Taunton,  3/6.)     1915. 

"  Devonshire  Parish  Registers."  Marriages,  St.  Andrew's, 
Plymouth,  1581—1654.  Part  L  Vol.  2  of  General  Series. 
(Philhmore's  Parish  Registers,  10/6.)     1915. 

Drake,  Maurice.     "  The  Ocean  Sleuth."     (Methuen,  6/-.)     1915. 

"  Episcopal  Registers,  Diocese  of  Exeter.  Register  of  Edmund 
Lacy  (A.D.  1420-1455),  Part  IL  The  Registrum  Commune." 
Ed.  by  The  Rev.  Dr.  Gordoh  Browne  and  The  Rev.  O.  J. 
Reichel,  in  continuation  of  the  series  issued  by  the  late 
Prebendary  Hingeston-Randolph.  (Published  by  the  Devon 
and  Cornwall  Record  Society  in  conjunction  with  Messrs. 
Pollard,  Exeter,  21/-.     To  Subscribers,  15/6.)     1915. 

"  Falmouth  Parish  Register  of  Baptisms,  Marriages,  and 
Burials."  Trs.  and  Ed.  by  Miss  S.  E.  Gay  and  Mrs.  Howard 
Fox.  (Devon  and  Cornwall  Record  Society.  Exeter,  Pub- 
lished by  subscription.)     1908-15. 

Herrick,  Robert.  Poems.  Edited  by  F.  W.  Moorman. 
(Clarendon  Press,   12/6.)     1915. 

Nourse,  Stanhope.  "  In  the  Presence  :  being  Aids  to  Private 
Devotion  during  the  Christian  Sacrifice."  (Mowbray,  6d.) 
1915. 

Parr,  Olive  Katherine.  "  Answered  Prayers."  (Washbourne, 
3/6  net.)     1915. 

Parry,   Hubert.     "  Notes  on   Old  Teignmouth."     (Printed   for 

^    the  Author  by  W.  J.  Southwood  &  Co.,  Exeter.)     1914. 


io8  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


Phillpotts,  Eden.     "  Brunei's  Tower,"    (Heinemann,  6/-.)  1915. 
Phillpotts,  Eden.     "  Old  Delabole."     (Heinemann,  6/-.)     1915. 
Phillpotts,  Eden.     "  My  Shrubs."     (Lane,  10/-  net.)     1915. 
Phillpotts,  Eden  and  Basil  Macdonald  Hastings.     "  The  Angel 

in  the  House  :   a  Comedy  in  Three  Acts."     (French,  1/-  net.) 

1915. 
Prideaux,    Edith    K.     "  Carvings   of    Musical    Instruments   in 

Exeter  Cathedral."     (Commin,  Exeter,  3/6.)     1915. 
Robinson,  W.  Fothergill.     "  Twenty  Poems."     (Eland,  Exeter, 

4d.)     1915. 
Robinson,  W.  Fothergill.     "  The  Wassail  :   A  Poem."    (Eland 

Exeter,  6d).     1915. 
Robinson,  W.  Fothergill.     "  Voluntary  Aid  in  Devon."     (Eland, 

Exeter,  1/-.)     1915. 
Satow,   Sir  Ernest.      "  The  Silesian  Loan  and  Frederick  the 

Great."     (Clarendon  Press,  14/-  net.)      1915. 
Sweet,    W.    H.     "  Exeter    Sketches."     (E.    &    K.    Shapland, 

Exeter,  1/-.)     1915. 
Thornton,  Rev.  W.  H.     "  Short  Devonshire  Stories."     (Town- 
send,  Exeter.)     1915. 
Trevena,    John.     "  Moyle    Church    Town."     (Mills    &    Boone, 

6/-.)     1915. 
Tuker,  M.  A.  R.     "  Ecce  Mater."     (Southern  PubHshing  Co., 

3/6  net.)     1915. 
Weekes,  Ethel  Lega-.     "  Some  Studies  in  the  Topography  of 

the  Cathedral  Close,  Exeter."     (Commin,  Exeter,  7/6  net.) 
Willcocks,   M.    P.     "Change."     (Hutchinson,   6/-.)     1915. 
Wilhams,  B.  H.       "  Ancient  West  Country  FamiUes  and  their 

Armorial  Bearings."     (Bridge,  Penzance,  6/-  net.)     1915. 

We  are  asked  to  state  that  a  few  copies  of  the  pamphlet  on  the  "  Star- 
cross  Club,  1772-1913,"  announced  in  our  last  issue  as  "  Privately  printed," 
are  available  and  can  be  obtained  from  the  Rev.  The  Hon.  H.  H.  Courtenay, 
Powderham,  by  sending  him  is.  to  cover  cost  of  printing  and  postage. 


Affiliated  Societies  109 


Affiliated  Societies. 


BARUMITES    II/   LONDON. 
Founded  1893. 
President :   Hubert  Bath,  Esq. 
Hon.    Secretary:    F.    Gabriel,    Roborough,    17,    Park    Avenue    South, 

Crouch  End,  N. 
Object :  To  promote  social  gatherings  and  good-fellowship. 
Subscription  :    is.  per  annum. 
Qualification :  Connection  with  Barnstaple  or  its  neighbourhood.    Limited 

to  men. 
Meetings  :  Annual  dinner  in  London. 

LONDON    BIDEFORDIAN    SOCIETY. 

Founded  191 4. 

President :   S.  R.  Chope,  Esq.,  Mayor  of  Bideford. 

Vice-Presidents  :  The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Halsbury,  P.C.  ;    C.  S. 

Carnegie,  Esq.,  J. P. ;  W.  T.  Charlewood,  Esq. ;  R.  Pearse^Chope, 

Esq.,  B.A.  ;   W.  Crosbie  Coles,  Esq.  ;  T.  Cutland,  Esq.  ;   Charles 

Garvice,  Esq.,  F.R.S.L.  ;  Dr.  J.  Heard  ;  Rev.  T.  Newton  Leeke  ; 

Capt.  McNeill  Martin  ;    W.  F.  Mountjoy,  Esq.  ;    J.  Omer,  Esq.  ; 

C.  S.  Parker,  Esq.  ;    R.  Puddicombe,  Esq.  ;    H.  N.  G.  Stucley, 

Esq.,  J.P.,  C.A. 
Treasurer :   F.  J.  Sanguine. 

Hon.  Secretary  :   Stanley  J.  Bowen,  22,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  E.G. 
Objects  :  To  strengthen  the  bond  of  friendship  and  to  keep  in  touch  with 

those  from  "  the  Little  White  Town  on  the  Hill." 
Qualification  :    Persons  connected  with  Bideford  and  district  by  birth, 

marriage,  descent,  or  former  residence. 
Subscription  :   Gentlemen,  2s.  6d.  per  annum  ;    ladies,  is.  6d. 
Meetings  :    Annual  dinner  in  London  and  other  social  gatherings  during 

the  winter  months. 

Owing  to  the  War,  the  Committee  felt  bound  to  follow  the  example  of 
the  London  Devonian  Association  and  other  societies,  and  to  abandon 
all  their  ordinary  social  meetings  for  the  session  1914-15.  It  was,  how- 
ever, decided  to  hold  a  Patriotic  Concert  on  Nov.  26th,  when  Mr.  R.  Pearse 
Chop>e  presided  over  a  most  enthusiastic  gathering.  The  large  hall  in 
Anderton's  Hotel  was  crowded.  Mr.  Chope  read  a  letter  from  the  Mayor 
of  Bideford,  giving  details  of  the  excellent  work  they  were  doing  at  home. 
As  a  result  of  the  concert  we  were  enabled,  after  paying  all  expenses, 
to  send  to  the  Mayor  the  sum  oi  £1^  los.  A  second  concert  was  held  on 
April  15th,  when  Mr.  Frank  Heywood  took  the  chair,  but,  owing  to 
several  unforeseen  circumstances,  this  was  not  a  financial  success,  although 
about  130  persons  were  present  and  an  excellent  programme  had  been 
arranged.  At  the  annual  meeting  on  Sept.  24,  Mr.  W.  Crosbie  Coles 
took  the  chair;    the  accounts  showed  a  balance  in  hand  of  over  /ii. 


\ 


\ 


no  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

which  was  thought  to  be  very  satisfactory  as  the  result  of  the  first  year's 
working.  During  the  year  Mr.  Frank  Hamlyn,  an  active  member  of 
the  Committee,  has  passed  away,  and  three  of  our  members,  viz.,  T. 
Ching,  E.  Fisk,  and  C.  Bowden,  have  been  killed  in  France.  Several 
others  have  joined  the  Forces,  and  are  still  safe  and  sound. 

THE    EXETER    CLUB. 

(London  and  District  Branch.) 

Founded  1880. 

President :    J.J.  Harris,  Esq. 

Vice-President  :    H.  M.  Etherington,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  Harold  D.  Powe,  7b,  Peterborough  Villas, 
Fulham,   S.W. 

Assistant  Hon.  Secretary  :  H.  P.  Kelly. 

Press  Correspondent :    A.  S.  Adams. 

Objects  :  To  promote  friendly  and  social  intercourse ;  to  maintain  the 
status  of  the  Exeter  Training  College  for  schoolmasters,  and  to  give 
opportunities    for   inter-communication    for    mutual   assistance. 

Qualification  :    Training  at  St.  Luke's  College,  Exeter. 

Subscription  :    2s.  6d.  per  annum. 

Meetings  :  Monthly,  in  addition  to  annual  dinner  and  Bohemian  concert. 
In  connection  with  this  Club  are  the  old  Exonians'  Cricket  Club, 
with  the  same  Hon.  Secretary,  and  the  Exonian  Lodge,  No.  3415,  the 
Secretary  of  which  is  F.  J.  Thomson,  31,  Angell  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 


THE  OLD  EXONIAN  CLUB. 

(London  Section.) 

Founded   1904. 

President : 

Vice-President  :    J.  H.  Fisher,  Esq.,  F.R.C.S. 

Hon.  Secretary  :    Lieut.  A.  Goff,  2,  Royal  Exchange  Avenue,  E.C. 

Objects  :  To  renew  acquaintance  between  Old  Exonians  living  in  London, 

and  to  arrange  dinners  and  other  entertainments. 
Qualification  :   Education  at  the  Exeter  School. 
Subscription  :    3s.  6d.  per  annum. 
Meetings  :   Annual  dinner  in  London,  and  other  gatherings  from  time  to 

time. 
The  School  Magazine  (free  to  members)  is  issued  each  terra. 

THE    OLD    OTTREGIANS'    SOCIETY. 

("  Ottregians  in  London.") 

Founded  1898. 

President :    The  Right  Hon.  The  Lord  Coleridge. 

Vice-Presidents  :  The  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  H.  Kennaway,  Bart.,  C.B.  ; 

The  Hon.  Stephen  Coleridge  ;    The  Hon.  Gilbert  Coleridge  ; 

The  Hon.  Geoffrey  Duke  Coleridge. 
Ghairman  :   Tom  Clarke. 
Vice-Chairman  :    John  Carnell. 
Assistant  Secretary  :    J.  R.  Digby. 


Affiliated  Societies  iii 


Hon.    Secretary   and    Treasurer :     Sidney    H.    Godfrey,    "  Homeville," 

Merton  Avenue,   Chiswick,   W. 
Objects  :   To  renew  old  acquaintance  ;  to  strengthen  the  bond  of  friend 

ship  ;    to  give  advice  and  cissistance  to  friendless    Ottregians  ;     to 

discuss  home  topics,  and  to  publish  home  news. 
Qualification  :  Natives  of  the  postal  district  of  Ottery  St.  Mary,  and  persons 

who  have  lived  for  any  length  of  time  in  the  town. 
Subscription  :   2s.  6d.  per  annum  ;   ladies,  is.  6d. 
Meetings  :  Once  in  eight  weeks  at  the  Ottregian  Room,  The  Cabin,  Strand, 

W.C.,  and  once  a  year  at  Kew  Gardens,  an  annual  concert  at  the 

Cripplegate   Institute   Hall,   and  a  special  train   on  Whit-Mondays 

to  Ottery  St.  Mary. 
A  Benevolent  Fund. 
A   quarterly  journal    (free   to   members),    containing   news   of   Ottery 

St.  Mary,  and  of  Ottery  people  all  over  the  world. 


THREE    TOWNS    ASSOCIATION 
(Plymouth,  Stonehouse,  and  Devonport)  in  London. 
Founded  1897. 
President :  W.  H.  Pawley,  Esq. 

Vice-Presidents  :  Major  Waldorf  Astor,  M.P.  ;  A.  Shirley  Benn,  Esq., 
M.P.  ;  Sir  Clement  Kinloch-Cooke,  M.P.  ;  Sir  John  Jackson, 
M.P.  ;  J.  A.  Hawke,  Esq.,  K.C.  (Recorder  of  Plymouth)  ;  The 
Right  Hon.  H.  E.  Duke,  K.C,  M.P.,  P.C.  ;  Dr.  Blake  Odgers, 
K.C.  ;  The  Mayor  of  Plymouth  ;  Sir  Charles  Radford,  J. P. ; 
G.  H.  Radford,  Esq.,  M.P.  ;  H.  H.  Vivian,  Esq.,  J. P.  ;  Captain 
A.  E.  Spender,  J. P.  ;  P.  H.  Pridham  Wippell,  Esq.,  J. P.  ;  W.  J. 
McCoRMACK,  Esq.,  J. P.  ;  Rev.  A.  J.  Waldron  ;  W.  Fowell,  Esq.  ; 
Frank  I.  Lyons,  Esq.  ;  W.  T.  Madge,  Esq. 
Hon.  Treasurer  :  W.  M.  Bircham. 
Hon.  Recreation  Secretary  :   F.  C.  Warren. 

Hon.  General  Secretary :  F.  C.  Gurry,  93,  Peterborough  Rd,  Fulham,  S.W. 
Object :    The   promotion    of   social    and   intellectual   intercourse    among 

the  members  and  associates. 
Qualification  :    Connection  with  the  Three  Towns  by  birth  or  residence. 
Subscription  :   Gentlemen  3s.  6d.  per  annum,  ladies  is.  per  annum. 
Meetings  :     Annual    dinner,    children's    party,    dances,    smokers,    whist 

drives,  Bohemian  concerts,  summer  outing. 
Headquarters  :    St.   Bride  Institute,  Bride  Lane,  Ludgate  Circus,  E.C. 

The  past  season  has  been  carried  through  under  conditions 
unprecedented  in  the  history  of  the  Association,  the  annual  dinner,  the 
usual  dances,  and  the  summer  outing  having  been  omitted  from 
our  programme  for  the  first  time.  A  large  majority  of  our  members 
felt  that  the  other  functions,  especially  the  children's  party,  should  take 
place  as  usual.  The  good  attendance  on  most  of  the  occzisions  quite 
justified  the  holding  of  the  meetings,  and,  further,  good  collections  were 
made  at  the  various  gatherings  in  aid  of  several  war  funds.  The  children's 
party,  as  usual,  provided  the  happiest  meeting  of  the  season.  Our 
membership  has  been  largelj'  affected  by  the  War,  many  members, 
including  several  of  the  committee,  being  on  active  service.  We  hope 
to  welcome  them  all  back  in  safety  at  the  end  of  the  war,  and  trust  that 
our  next  report  will  be  made  in  happier  circumstances. 


112  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

THE    TIVERTONIAN    ASSOCIATION. 
Founded  1909. 
President : 

Vice-Presidents  :  Sir  George  Kekewich,  K.C.B.  ;  Sir  Robert  Newman, 
Bart.,  D.L.,  J.P.  ;  Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford,  VD  ;  Sir  Ian  M.  Heath- 
coat    Amory,    Bart.,    J.P.  ;     Rev.    Martin    Anstey,    M.A.,    B.D,  ; 
Rev.   W.    p.    Besley,   M.A.  ;     Rev.    S.    J.   Childs-Clarke,   M.A.  ; 
G.  E.  Cockram,  Esq.  ;   John  Coles,  Esq.,  J.P.  ;   J.  A.  Eccles,  Esq.  ; 
F.  Chubb-Finch,  Esq.  ;    Thos.  H.   Ford,  Esq.,  J.P.  ;    The  Mayor 
of  Tiverton  (A.  T.   Gregory,  Esq.)  ;    E.  V.  Huxtable,  Esq.  ;   The 
Mayor  of  Wrexham  (S.  G.  Jarman,  Esq.) ;  Lewis  Mackenzie,  Esq. ;  H. 
Mudford,  Esq.,  J.P.  ;  G.  H.  Radford,  Esq.,  M.P.  ;  E.  J.  Snell,  Esq.; 
JohnThorne,  Esq.,  J.P.  ;  W.  Thorne,  Esq.  ;   F.  G.  Wright,  Esq, 
Chairman :  F.  Snell. 
Deputy -Chairman  :    F.  A.  Perry. 
Hon.  Treasurer  and  Assistant  Secretary :  E.  T.  Clarke. 
Hon.  Secretary :  W.  Passmore,  ioi,  Elspeth  Rd.,  Clapham  Common,  S.W, 
Representative  in  Tiverton  :    H.  Hippisley. 

Objects  :  To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  Tivertonians ;  to  assist 
those  in  need ;  and  to  advise  and  influence  young  men  starting  on  a 
commercial  or  professional  career. 
Qualification :      Persons    connected    with    the    Tiverton    Parliamentary 

Division  by  birth,  descent,  marriage,  or  former  residence. 
Subscription:   Ordinary  Members  (Ladies  or  Gentlemen),   2s.  per  annum; 

Hon.  Members — Gentlemen,  los.,  Ladies,  5s. 
Meetings :  Concerts,  whist  drives,  dances,  and  annual  dinner  during  the 
winter  months. 
The  Association  has  been  affiliated  to  St.  Bride  Institute.     Membership 

over  450. 
In  consequence  of  the  European  War  the  programme  arranged  for 
the  session  1914-15  was  considerably  modified.  The  annual  dinner  was 
abandoned,  and  two  dances  and  a  concert  were  cancelled.  The  annual 
Whitsuntide  excursion  to  Tiverton  had  also  to  be  foregone  on  account 
of  the  necessary  railway  facilities  not  being  available.  The  Committee 
felt,  however,  that  opportunities  for  reunion  should  be  provided,  and  a 
series  of  whist  drives  was  held,  the  proceeds  being  devoted  to  the  Mayor 
of  Tiverton's  Patriotic  Fund.  A  complimentary  supper  to  the  Tiverton 
men  of  the  Devon  National  Reserves  stationed  at  Han  well  was  given 
by  the  Committee,  several  of  whom  are  serving  in  the  armed  Forces  of 
the  country,  at  the  Shakespeare  Hotel,  Victoria,  S.W.,  on  March  17. 
Mr.  G.  E.  Cockram,  a  popular  Vice-President  of  the  Association,  presided. 
By  courtesy  of  the  Officer  Commanding,  the  Tiverton  men  were  given 
leave  in  order  that  they  might  avail  themselves  of  the  Committee's  invita- 
tion, and  a  very  pleasant  evening  resulted. 

On  August  12  Tiverton  celebrated  the  tercentenary  of  the  granting  of 
its  first  municipal  charter.  The  Association  was  officially  represented 
in  the  procession  from  the  Town  Hall  to  St.  Peter's  Church,  and  at  the 
.service,  by  Mr.  W.  Passmore  (Hon.  Sec.)  and  Mr.  F.  A.  Perry  (Deputy- 
Chairman).  A  most  interesting  and  appropriate  sermon  was  preached 
by  the  Rev.  John  Carpenter,  M.A.  (an  old  Tivertonian) .  Several  other 
members  of  the  Association  were  also  present,  and  were  entertained  to 
tea  at  the  Town  Hall  by  the  Mayoress.  The  charters  (one  bearing  the 
signature  of  Judge  Jeffreys)  and  other  historical  documents  were  on 
view,  and  were  a  source  of  great  interest. 

The  Association  has  to  mourn  the  loss  of  its  President  (Lieut,  the  Hon. 
Lionel  Walrond,  M.P.)  who  died  in  Scotland  from  the  effects  of  a  chill 
contracted  whilst  serving  with  the  British  Expeditionary  Force  in  France. 


Affiliated  Societies  113 


WEST    BUCKLAND    SCHOOL    OLD    BOYS'    ASSOCIATION. 

(London  Branch.) 

Founded  1899. 

President :   Alderman  Thomas  Parry,  J. P.  (late  Chairman  of  the  Mon- 
mouthshire County  Council). 
Vice-Presidents  :    G.   William   Hill,   Esq.,   M.D.,    13.Sc.  ;     Prof.   T.    B. 

Abell,  M.I.N.A. 
Chairman  :    Prof.  T.  A.  Hearson,  M.Inst.C.E.,  M.I.N.A.,  F.C.I. P.A. 
Hon.  Secretary  :    F.  H.  Shelley,  15,  Bishopsgate,  E.C. 
Objects  :  To  keep  Old  Boys  in  touch  with  the  School  and  with  each  otlier  ; 
to  promote  gatherings  among  Old  Boys  for  pleasure  and  sport ;    and 
to  further  the  interests  of  the  School  generally. 
Qualification  :    Education  at  West  Buckland  School. 
Subscription  :    Life  membership,  half  a  guinea. 

Meetings  :    Annual  dinner  in  London,  and  other  social  gatherings  during 
the  winter  months. 
The  School  Magazine  (2s.  per  annum)  is  issued  each  term,  containing 
news  of  Old  Boys  all  over  the  world. 

During  the  past  year  all  the  usual  social  gatherings  have  been  abandoned, 
owing  to  the  large  percentage  of  members  on  active  service.  After  the 
annual  meeting,  however,  on  November  18,  1914,  Professor  W.  S.  Abell, 
Chief  Ship  Surveyor  at  Lloyds,  delighted  the  members  present  with  an 
interesting  lantern  lecture  on  Naval  Architecture,  several  of  the  slides 
being  from  actual  photographs  taken  by  Japanese  officers  during  the 
Russo-Japanese  War.  The  Hon.  Secretary  would  be  pleased  to  receive 
particulars  of  Old  Boys  serving  in  His  Majesty's  Forces. 

SOCIETY    OF    DEVONIANS    IN    BRISTOL. 

Founded  1891. 
President  :    W.  Roberts,  Esq. 
Vice-President  :    W.  J.  Southwood,  Esq. 
Hon.  Treasurer  :    A.  Dodge. 

Hon.  Secretary  :    H.  Garland,  180,  Redland  Road,  Bristol. 
Objects  :    To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  Devonians  in  Bristol 
by  social  gatherings,  and  to  assist  benevolent  or  charitable  objects, 
with  a  special  regard  to  those  in  which  Devonians  are  interested. 
Qualification  :    Natives,  and  others  connected  with  Devon. 
Subscription  :    3s.  per  annum  ;    ladies,  2s.  6d. 
Meetings  :    Annual  dinner,  and  concerts,  etc.,  from  time  to  time. 

The  Society  possesses  a  Presidental  Badge,  each  Past- President  con- 
tributing a  link  for  a  chain. 

The  proceedings  of  the  Society  during  the  past  ye»r  have  been  of  an 
interesting  character  The  Annual  Dinner  was  abandoned  owing  to  the 
national  emergency,  but  the  Committee,  with  a  view  to  promoting  the 
spirit  of  fraternity  among  the  members  and  to  sustaining  interest  in  the 
Society,  organized  two  Social  Gatherings,  one  of  which  was  held  in  the 
early,  and  the  other  in  the  latter,  part  of  the  year.  The  attendance  at 
each  of  these  was  highly  satisfactory  and  the  entertainments  provided 
were  much  enjoyed.  It  was  decided  to  give  the  proceeds,  after  deducting 
expenses,  to  one  of  the  Patriotic  Funds.  Another  large  and  representative 
gathering  took  place  on  the  occasion  of  the  presentation  by  the  Society 
of  a  testimonial  to  the  Rev.  A.  N.  Blatchford,  who  has  left  Bristol  to 
take  up  his  residence  in  his  native  county.  By  the  removal  of  this 
highly-esteemed    Past- President,   the   Society,   of   which   he   was   one   of 

8 


114  ^^  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

the  founders,  sustained  a  great  loss,  and  the  Committee  have  given 
expression  to  this  feeUng  in  their  minutes,  and  have  added  that  they 
recognize  with  pleasure  and  pride  the  good  and  valuable  work  which  he 
has  done  for  the  city  of  his  adoption  during  a  period  of  nearly  half  a 
century.     They  have  also  elected  him  to  an  honorary  life  membership. 

On  the  announcement  being  made  that  Dr.  Barclay  Baron,  Past- 
President,  had  been  selected  for  nomination  to  the  dignified  position  of 
Lord  Mayor  of  Bristol,  the  Committee  offered  their  congratulations  to 
him  and  conveyed  the  hope  that  he  may  have  health  and  strength  to 
perform  the  duties  of  the  office  with  satisfaction  to  himself,  credit  to 
his  native  county,  and  advantage  to  the  city  of  his  adoption.  In  his 
reply  the  Lord  Mayor  Elect  said  that  of  all  the  congratulations  he  had 
received  none  had  given  him  greater  pleasure  than  that  forwarded  by 
the  Committee,  and  he  trusted  that  at  the  end  of  his  year  of  office  all 
his  fellow-citizens  from  the  dear  old  county  would  be  able  to  say  that  he 
had  kept  the  flag  flying  topmast  high. 

It  is  gratifying  to  record  that  the  number  of  applications  for  relief 
during  the  past  year  is  the  lowest  since  the  formation  of  the  Society,  the 
Hon.  Treasurer  having  had  occasion  to  grant  assistance  in  thirteen  cases 
only.  It  is  also  satisfactory  to  report  that  the  Society  is  in  a  sound 
financial  condition,  there  being  a  substantial  balance  in  hand.  A  donation 
of  two  guineas  was  made  to  the  Devonshire  Patriotic  Fund,  and  another 
of  five  guineas  to  the  Mayoress  of  Exeter's  Fund  for  providing  refresh- 
ments and  comforts  for  troops  passing  through  the  city.  In  acknow- 
ledging the  latter,  the  Mayoress  described  it  as  a  welcome  gift,  and  expressed 
her  appreciation  of  the  feeling  which  prompted  it. 

The  Committee  greatly  regret  the  loss  by  death  of  Mr.  James  Cann, 
late  Chief  Constable  of  the  City  of  Bristol,  and  Mr.  W.  Pitchford,  two 
Past-Presidents,  who  were  held  in  great  esteem  and  took  a  whole-hearted 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  Society.  Another  loss  was  occasioned  by 
a  fatal  accident  to  Mr.  J .  Pitman,  who  was  also  one  of  the  oldest  members. 

There  is  a  slight  falling  oft  in  the  membership  owing  to  removals, 
resignations,  and  the  causes  already  mentioned,  and  it  is  earnestly  hoped 
that  members  will  co-operate  with  the  Committee  in  inducing  Devonians 
to  join  the  Society,  so  that  the  objects  with  which  it  was  formed  may  be 
more  fully  realized. 

CARDIFF   DEVONSHIRE   SOCIETY. 

Founded   1906. 

President  :    W.  T.  Svmonds,  Esq.,  J. P. 

Vice-Presidents  :     Hon.     Stephen    Coleridge,     Sir    Harry    T.    Eve, 
Rt.    Hon.   George  Lambert,  M.I\,    Sir  Robert  Newman,  Bart.. 
Jas.  Radlev,  Esq. 
Chairman  :    Sir  Wm.  Crossman. 

Hon.   Treasurer  :    A.   Akenhead. 

Hon.  Secretaries  :  E.  W.  Benjamin  and  John  Evans,  99,  St.  Mary  Street, 

Cardiff. 
Objects  :  To  bring  Devonians  in  Cardiff  more  closely  together,  to  foster  the 

traditions  of  the  County,  and  to  raise  a  fund  to  afford  temporary  relief 

to  necessitous  and  deserving  Devonians. 
Qualification  :   Birth  or  descent. 
Subscription  :   5s.  per  annum. 
Meetings  :   Annual  dinner. 


Affiliated  Societies  115 


THE  ASSOCIATION  OF  WEST  COUNTRYMEN  IN  FOLKESTONE. 

Founded  191 3. 

President  :   W.  H.  Routly,  Esq.  (Holsworthy). 

Vice-Presidents  :    T.  Bound v,  Esq.  (Tiverton)  ;    D'Arcy  Clayton    Esq. 

(South  Molton). 
Hon.  Treasurer  :    H.  Chapple  (Chittlehampton). 

Hon.  Secretary  :    W.  E.  Cross  (Exeter),  91,  Sandgate  Road,  Folkestone. 
Objects  :    Social  intercourse,  entertainments,  drives  and  excursions,  and 

assisting  benevolent  and   charitable   funds. 
Qualifications  :    Birth  or  descent  :    Devon,  Cornwall,  or  Somersets 
Subscription  :    Gentlemen,  2s.  6d.  ;    Ladies,  is. 

This  Society  has  had  a  successful  and  interesting  year  in  spite  of  the 
war  conditions  prevaiUng.  On  December  9  a  concert  was  given  at  the 
Town  Hall,  with  "  Jan  Stewer  "  as  the  leading  attraction  ;  as  a  result  of 
this  concert  oVer  ;£io  was  handed  over  to  the  Mayor's  war  funds  and 
Belgian  relief  fund.  The  annual  meeting  on  February  3  was  followed 
by  a  most  enjoyable  whist  drive.  On  June  16  a  country  drive  to  Barham 
and  Broom  Park  (the  seat  of  Lord  Kitchener)  took  place,  followed  by 
tea,  and  was  a  great  success.  Other  motor  excursions  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Society  have  taken  place  during  the  summer,  and  the  interest  was 
well  sustained.  A  silver  cigarette  case  (suitably  inscribed)  was  presented 
to  the  late  Hon.  Secretary  (who  has  left  the  district)  as  a  slight  appreciation 
of  his  valuable  services. 

XEICESTER  AND  SOUTH  MIDLANDS  DEVON  AND  CORNWALL 

ASSOCIATION. 
Founded  1900. 

President  :   E.  G.  Tardrew,  Esq. 

Vice-Presidents  :  H.  Burdett,  Esq.,  C.  J.  Hopkins,  Esq.,  F.  C.  Pulsford, 
Esq.,  J.  TiTLEY,  sen.,  Esq. 

Hon.  Treasurer  :  W.  A.  Clarke. 

Joint  Hon.  Secretaries  :  F.  W.  Honey  and  J.  Titley,  jun.,  26,  Lower 
Hastings  Street,  Leicester. 

Objects  :  To  promote  social  intercourse  between  Devonians  and  Cornish- 
men  resident  in  the  district,  and  the  study  and  cultivation  of  the 
folklore  of  the  two  counties. 

Qualification  :  Birth,  parentage,  or  residence  for  20  years  in  Devon  or 
Cornwall. 

Subscription  :  2s.  6d.  per  annum. 

Meetings  :  Annual  dinner. 

DEVONIANS    IN    LIVERPOOL    AND    DISTRICT. 
Founded  1895. 
President :    Henry  Smith,  Esq.  (Dartmouth). 
Vice-Presidents :     Thomas    Beer,    Esq.    (Exeter)  ;     John    Jones,    Esq. 

(Plymouth)  ;  E.  F.  Stanley,  Esq.  (Dartmouth)  ;     Capt.  A.  B.  Toms 

(Plymouth)  ;    T.  W.  Warren,  Esq.  (Plymouth)  ;   John  R.  Watkins, 

Esq.   (Plymouth). 
Hon.  Treasurer  :    Joseph  Furze  (Tavistock). 

Hon.  Secretary  :    G.  A.  Brooking  (Brixham),  7  James  Street,  Liverpool. 
Object :    Social  intercourse. 

Qualification  :    Birth,  parentage  on  either  side,  residence,  or  marriage. 
Subscription  :    2S.  6d.  per  annum. 
Meetings  :     Annual    dinner,    social    gatherings,    whist  drives,   children's 

parties,  etc. 


Ii6  '  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 6 

PORTSMOUTH    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 

President :    Lieut.  H.  E.  Lidiard,  R.N.S.M. 

Vice-Presidents  :    J.  Carpenter,  Esq.  ;    W.  Dart,  Esq.  ;    J.  W.  Gieve. 

Esq.  ;    R.  K.  Niner,  E.sq.  ;    P.  G.  D.  Winter,  Esq. 
Hon.   Treasurer :    E.  G.  Stephens. 
Entertainment  Secretary  :   W.  J.  Davies. 

Hon.  Secretary  :   W.  G.  Collins,  33,  Lyndhurst  Road,  North  End,  Ports- 
mouth. 
Objects  :  To  bring  together  Devonians  residing  in  Portsmouth  and  district, 
to  form  a  common  county  bond  of  friendship,  and  to  assist  as  far 
as  possible  those  in  need. 
Qualifications  :    Birth,  parentage,  ten  years'  residence,  or  marriage. 
Meetings  :   Annual  Dinner,  whist  drives,  dances,  concerts,  outings,  excur- 
sions,  etc. 
The  President's  Chain  of  Ofifice,  bearing  the  arms  of  Devon  and  Ports- 
mouth, the  nucleus  of  which  was  the  gift  of  J.  Carpenter,  Esq.  (Tiverton), 
has  a  link  added  to  it  by  the  President  of  each  year,  bearing  his  name. 
The  past  year  has  been  one  in  which  the  Society  has  been  asked,  more 
frequently  than  ever,  to  co-operate  with  the  promoters  of  charities,  and 
it  has  been  able  in  a  great  measure  to  swell  the  funds  of  the  local  hospitals 
and  various  relief  funds.     Unfortunately,  no  summer  or  winter  programme 
could  be  arranged,  as,  owing  to  the  grave  national  crisis,  many  of  our 
officers,  committee,  and  members  have  been  called  to  arms  ;    but  it  is 
lioped  that,  as  soon  as  circumstances  permit,  a  programme  will  be  arranged. 
In   this  great  naval   and   military   centre  it   is  obvious   that   Devonians 
connected  with  the  services  have  gone  to  take  their  places  in  defence  of 
their   King  and   Country.     We  must   wish   for  the  time  to  come  when 
success  shall  have  crowned  their  efforts  and  they  may  be  once  again  in 
our  midst.     The  membership  has  been  well  maintained,  and  the  financial 
position  is  sound. 

READING  AND  DISTRICT  DEVON  AND  CORNISH  ASSOCIATION. 

Founded  1895. 

President :    Rev.  G.  F.  Coleridge,  R.D.,  M.A. 

Vice-Presidents  :    E.    Bowden,    Esq.  ;    J.  Bucknell,  Esq.  ;    H.  Chown, 

Esq.;   J.   Ellis,  Esq.;   Rev.  Canon   W.  W.  Fowler,  M.A.,  D.Sc. ; 

R.  Hall,  Esq.;  J.  Harris,  Esq.;  J.  Morse,  Esq.;  G.  E.  B.  Rogers. 

Esq.  ;  J.  H.  Rowe,  Esq. ;  H.  O.  Serpell,  Esq.  ;  G.  Shorland,  Esq.; 

P.  W.  Teague,  Esq. ;  W.  J.  Toye,  Esq.,  M.A. ;  and  Dr.  J.  Hopkins 

Walters. 
Chairman  of  Committee  :    Rev.  Canon  W.  W.  Fowler,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 
Hon.  Treasurer  :   Councillor  A.  I.  Maker. 
Hon.  Auditor  :   T.  R.  Kittow. 
Hon.   Secretaries  :    Clement  Tregav,   17,   Donnington   Road,   Reading  ; 

F.  H.  Yellen,  47,  Market  Place,  Reading. 
Objects  :    To  maintain  the  interest  of  members  in  the  old  Counties  ;    to 

foster    the    wholesome    clannish    characteristics    of    Devonians    and 

Comishmen  ;    and  to  encourage  friendly  intercourse  among  members. 
Qualification  :    Birth  or  descent. 
Subscription  :    is.  per  annum  (minimum). 
Meetings  :     Annual   dinner,    annual   river   trip,    social   gatherings,    whist 

drives,  dances,  etc. 


Aviated  Societies  117 


SWANSEA    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 
Founded  1894. 

President  :   T.  R.  de  Gay,  Esq. 

Vice-Presidents  :  S.  Daniel,  Esq. ;  J.  Dyer,  Esq. ;  W.  A.  Ford,  Esq. ; 
J.  B.  Gill,  Esq.;  T.  W.  Hews,  Esq.;  W.  R.  Jefford,  Esq.;  C.  H. 
Newcombe,  Esq. ;  C.  T.  Passmore,  Esq. ;  H.  Salter,  Esq. 

Chairman  :    H.  Salter,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretaries  :    S.  T.  Drew  and  F.  Lane. 

Objects  :  To  promote  fraternal  feelings,  social  intercourse  and  entertain- 
ment ;  to  purchase  books  on  the  history  of  Devon,  and  to  render 
assistance  in  case  of  need. 

Qualification  :    Birth  or  descent. 

Subscription  :    is.  per  annum. 

Meetings  :    Social  gatherings  at  intervals,  sunimer  excursion  in  August, 
annual  dinner  in  November. 
Our  Roll  of  Honour  contains  the  names  of  120  members  serving  their 

King  and  Country,  and  the  sum  of  £^  has  been  sent  to  the  Mayoress  of 

Plymouth  towards  Christmas  gifts  for  the  Devon  Regiment. 

DEVONIAN  SOCIETY  IN  CALCUTTA.     - 
Founded  igoi. 
President :   J.  Cottle,  Esq. 
Vice-President  :    Dr.  H.  Pedler. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :   R.  P.  Adams,  3.  Lee  Road,  Calcutta. 
Objects  :  To  promote  a  common  County  bond  of  friendship,  and  to  render 

aid  to  Devonians  in  India. 
Qualification  :   Birth  or  long  residence. 
Subscription  :   Rs.  12  per  annum. 
Meetings :    Annual  dinner  and  ball,  generally  in  January. 

THE    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY    OF    RHODESIA. 

Patrons  :  Sir  Lewis  Michell,  C.V.O.  ;   R.  T.  Coryndon,  Esq.,  C.M.G. 

President :   Dr.  J.  Dyke  Acland. 

Vice-Presidents  :  E.  Basch,  Esq.  ;  W.  Bridgman,  Esq.  ;  J.  VV.  Mayne, 
Esq.  ;   V.  A.  New,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  C.  F.  Osmoxd,  P.O.  Box  165,  Bulawayo, 
Rhodesia. 

Objects  :  To  encourage  and  promote  social  intercourse  and  good  fellow- 
ship ;  to  advance  the  interests  of  Devonians  in  Rhodesia,  and  to 
co-operate  with  kindred  societies  ;   and  to  help  Devonians  in  distress. 

Qualification  :    Birth,  parentage,  or  seven  years'  residence. 

Subscription  :    los.  6d.  per  annum,  or  5  guineas  for  life  membership. 

THE    MONTREAL    DEVONLA.N    SOCIETY. 
Founded  19 14. 

President  :  Prof.  Charles  E.  Moyse  (Torquay),  B.A.,  LL.D.,  Vice- 
Principal  and  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts,  McGill  University. 

Vice-Presidents  :  \V.  H.  Blackaller,  Esq.  (Crediton)  ;  F.  H.  Devenish, 
Esq.  (E.xeter)  ;  Lieut. -Col.  L.  Edye  (Hatherleigh)  ;  W.  Hubber, 
Esq.  (Crediton)  ;  W.  Livermore,  Esq.  (Woodbury)  ;  C.  W.  Parkin, 
Esq.  (Barnstaple)  ;    E.  W.  T.  Raddon,  Esq.  (Exmouth). 

Treasurer  :    Geo.  Harrison  (Torquay). 

Assistant  Secretary  :   Greville  C.  Hems  (Exeter). 

Auditors:    R.  Pickford  (Plymouth);    H.  S.  T.  Piper  (Plymouth). 


ii8  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

Committee  :    J.  J.  Benning  (Barnstaple)  ;    W.  Lock  (Woodbury)  ;    Jas. 
Mock    (Ilfracombe)  ;     R.    Pickford    (Plymouth)  ;     Geo.    Pillage 
(Torquay)  ;    H.  C.  Stuart  (Devonport). 
Secretary  :     Geo.    H.   Warren   (Torquay),   37a,   Troy  Avenue,    Verdun, 

Montreal. 
Objects  :  To  renew  old  acquaintances,  to  form  new  ones,  and  with  those 
who  hold  a  common  interest  and  are  bound  by  mutual  ties ;  to  per- 
petuate the  traditions,  literature,  folklore,  etc.,  of  Devon  ;  to  foster 
the  study  of  these  locally ;  and  to  promote  the  spirit  of  fraternity  among 
our  fellow-countrymen  in  Canada  as  it  exists  among  them  at  home. 
Qualifications  :  Natives  of  Devon,  their  immediate  descendants,  or  (subject 

to  the  approval  of  the  Committee)  former  residents  in  Devon. 
Subscription  :    One  dollar. 

Meetings  :  The  First  Wednesday  in  each  month,  at  St.  George's  Hall, 
5,  Mansfield  St. 
Our  first  year's  efforts  have  been  very  satisfactory,  and  the  Committee 
have  every  reason  to  congratulate  themselves  on  the  success  attained. 
Eighty-five  members,  representative  of  the  whole  County,  were  on  the 
books  at  the  conclusion  of  the  season.  Fourteen  have  joined  the  various 
Canadian  units  for  overseas  service,  and  are  now  either  in  the  firing  line 
or  in  trainihg.  One  of  our  founders — H.  E.  Harris  (Ilfracombe) — has 
been  wounded.  Notable  events  during  the  season  were  the  socials  held 
in  January  and  April,  the  whist  drive  in  March,  the  picnic  to  Otterburn 
Park  on  Dominion  Day,  and  the  social  given  in  honour  of  the  Devonians 
of  H.M.S.  Carnarvon  in  August.  The  first  annual  meeting  took  the  form 
of  a  dinner  on  October  6,  1915,  at  the  headquarters  of  the  Society, 
when  the  President  occupied  the  chair,  and  was  supported  by  Messrs. 
W.   H.   Blackaller  and  E.  W.  T.   Raddon. 

DEVONIAN    SOCIETY    OF    OTTAWA. 
Founded  191 2. 
President  :    Lieut. -Col.  S.  M.wnard  Rogers. 
Vice-Presidents  :  Commander  P.  C.  W.  Howe,  R.N.  ;  Hon.  W.  H.  Hoyle, 

M.P. ;  Hon.  F.  D.  Monk,  M.P.  ;  Rev.  G.  P.  Woollcombe. 
Chairman  :    W.  E.   Hooper,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  A.  J.  Mudge,  505,  Cooper  St.,  Ottawa,  Ont. 
Objects  :   To  promote  a  spirit  of  fraternity  amongst  Devonians  in  Ottawa 

and  district,  by  means  of  social  intercourse  ;    to  foster  a  continued 

love  of  the  County  ;    and  to  advance  and  protect  the  interests  of 

Devonians  generally. 
Qualification  :    Birth,  descent,  marriage. 
Subscription  :    One  dollar  per  annum. 
Meetings  :    The  third  Monday  in  each  month  at  Moreland  Hall,  Corner 

Fourth  Avenue  and  Bank  Street. 

THE    TORONTO    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 
Founded  1907. 

President  :    C.  Lee  Hutchings,  Esq. 

Vice-President  :    J.  H.  Hayden,  Esq. 

Hon.  Treasurer :    W.  White. 

Assistant  Secretary  :    F.  M'Lean. 

Hon.  Secretary  :    W.  Skelton,  ioi,  Leslie  Street,  Toronto,  E. 

Objects  :  To  renew  old  acquaintances  and  to  form  new  ones  with  those  who 
hold  a  common  interest ;  to  foster  a  knowledge  of  the  traditions, 
literature,  folklore,  etc.,  of  Devonshire  ;  and  to  promote  the  spirit 
of  fraternity  among  Devonians  in  Canada. 


Affiliated  Societies  119 


Qualification  :   Birth  or  descent. 

Subscription  :    One  dollar  per  annum. 

Meetings  :  The  second  and  fourth  Thursdays  of  each  month,  in  the  Sons 
of  England  Hall,  Richmond  Street  East,  the  meetings  to  be  alter- 
nately of  a  business  and  social  character. 

DEVON,  CORNWALL,  AND  SOMERSET  SOCIETY  OF  MANITOBA. 

Founded  1907. 

Hon.  President :    J.  Hooper,  Esq. 

President  :    W.  A.  Dyer,  Esq. 

President  Ladies'  Auxiliary  :    Mrs.  Pile. 

Vice-Presidents  :  W.  J.  Vicary,  Esq.  (Devon)  ;  F.  J.  Buckingham,  Esjj. 
(Cornwall)  ;    H.  G.  Palmer,  Esq.  (Somerset). 

Treasurer  :    A.  H.  Daw. 

Hon.  Secretary  :   F.  C.  Stone,  386,  Kennedy  Street,  Winnipeg,  Manitoba. 

Objects  :  To  renew  old  acquaintances,  to  form  new  ones  with  those  who 
hold  a  common  interest  and  are  bound  by  mutual  ties  ;  to  perpetuate 
the  traditions,  literature,  folklore,  etc.,  of  Devon ;  to  foster  the  study 
of  these  locally  and  of  the  County  at  large ;  and  to  promote  the  spirit 
of  fraternity  amongst  our  fellow-countrymen  abroad  as  it  exists 
among  them  at  home. 

Qualifications  :  Devonian  men  and  women,  and  others  connected  with 
the  County. 

Subscription  :    One  dollar  for  men  ;    ladies  exempt. 

Meetings  :   Monthly,  time  and  place  fixed  by  Committee. 

VICTORIA    DEVONIANS,    B.C. 
Founded  191 2. 

President  :    Hon  Edgar  Dewdney. 

Chairman  :   Henry  Martyn,  Esq.  (Devonport). 

Vice-Chairmen  :  Alan  Dumbleton,  Esq. ;  Joseph  H.  List,  Esq.  (Barn- 
staple). 

Recorder  :   H.  Pike  (Torquay). 

Hon.  Auditor  :   W.  Curtis  Sampson  (South  Molton). 

Joint  Hon.  Secretaries  and  Treasurers  :  Fred.  J.  Henson  (Tiverton), 
S.  Henson  (Tiverton),  Box  1208,  Victoria,  B.C. 

Objects  :  (i)  To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  Devonians  residing 
in  Victoria  and  district,  by  means  of  meetings  and  special  re-unions, 
and  by  keeping  in  communication  with  Devonians  at  home  and 
elsewhere.  (2)  To  foster  a  knowledge  of  the  history,  folklore,  litera- 
ture, music,  arts  and  antiquities  of  the  county  of  Devon.  (3)  To 
carry  out  from  time  to  time  approved  schemes  for  the  benefit  of 
Devonians  residing  at  home  and  in  Victoria  and  district. 

Qualifications  :  Birth,  descent,  marriage,  or  residence  of  more  than  five 
years  in  Devon. 

NEW    ZEALAND    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 
Founded  191 2. 
President  :  W.  U.  Timewell,  Esq. 
Vice-Presidents  :  Miss  Heath  ;    D.  Teed,  Esq. 
Chairman  :   B.  Reeves,  Esq. 
Committee  :    Mrs.  Brendon,  Mfts.  Tozer,  Messrs.  Brendon,  Cranch, 

W.  W.  Gliddon-Richardson,  and  Tozer. 
Hon.  Treasurer  :   C.  Newland. 
Hon.  Secretary  (pro  temi)  :  Robt.  Tozer,  "Moirville,"  Wynyard  Street. 

Auckland,  N.Z. 


120  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191& 


Devonian  Societies  not  Affiliated. 

{With  Names  and  Addresses  of  Secretaries.) 

(A)  At  Home. 

Bath  and  District  Devonian  Society. — A.  T.  Harris. 

Bexhill  and  District  West-Country  Association. — F.  B.  Temple, 
Bexhill. 

Birmingham  and  Midland  Devonian  Society. — T.  W.  Hussey,  21 
First  Avenue,  Selly  Park,  Birmingham. 

Bournemouth  and  District  West-Country  Association. — E.  S. 
Rosevear,    100,    Alma   Road,    Bournemouth. 

West-Country  Association,  Eastbourne. — W.  Percy  Glanfiekl  and 
E.  Akery,  Albemarle  Hotel,  Eastbourne. 

The  Association  of  West-Countrymen  in  Hampshire. — F.  A.  Grant, 
37,  Padwell  Road,  The  Avenue,  Southampton. 

Hull  Devonian  Society. — F.  C.  Wood,  Spring  Bank,  Hull. 

Devonian  Society  in  Manchester  and  District. — J.  A.  Bustard, 
4,  Mauldeth  Road,  Withington,  Manchester. 

Devon  and  Cornwall  Society,  Newport  (Mon.)  and  District. — 
J.  Cowling,  3,  Annesley  Road,  Maindee,  Newport  (Mon.). 

Northamptonshire  West-Country  Association. — W.  Chaffe,  North- 
ampton. 

Reigate  and  Redhill  and  District  Devon  and  Cornwall  Associa- 
tion.— Henry   Libby,    "  Cromer,"    Ringwood    Avenue,    Redhill. 

Rochester,  Chatham,  Gillingham,  and  District  Devon  and  Corn- 
wall Association. — W.  J.  Manicom. 

Devon,  Cornwall,  and  West-Country  Association  for  the  County 
OF  Surrey. — W.  J.  Davis,  Lulworth,  Guildford. 

Society  of  West-Countrymen  in  West  Kent  (Tunbridge  Wells, 
Tonbridge  and  District). — O.  B.  Geake,  48,  Dudley  Road,  Tunbridge 
Wells. 

Devonians  in  Weston-super-Mare. — T.  J.  Kerslake,  Alexandra  Parade, 
Westcn-super-Mare. 

Weymouth  and  District  Devonian  Society. — Mr.  Billingsly,  Wey- 
mouth. 

Devonians  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. — W.  Ormsby  Rymer,  33a,  Holyrood 
Street,  Newport,  I.W. 

Devonians  and  Cornishmen  in  Worcestershire.— W.  J.  Pearce  and 
C.  D.  Willis,  Berrow's  Worcester  Journal  Office,  Worcester. 

(B)  Abroad. 

West  of  England  Association  of  Cape  Town. — A.  F.  Steer,  P.O.  Box 

1169,  Cape  Town. 
Cornwall  and  Devon  Association  of  Durban  and  District. — W.  H. 

Trevaskis,  263,  Clark  Road,  Durban. 
West  of  England  Association  in  Edmonton,  Alberta. — E.  G.  Rendell, 

236,  Jasper  Avenue,  W.,  Edmonton,  Alberta,  Canada. 
Hong-Kong  Devonian  Society. — P.  Jacks,  Hong-Kong. 
Cornwall  and   Devon   Association   of  New  South   Wales. — James 

Jenkin,  St.  Day,  Wilberforce  Avenue,  Rose  Bay,  Sydney,  N.S.W. 


Rules  oj  the  London  Devonian  Association  121 


Rules  of    the   London  Devonian 
Association. 

1.  Name. — The  name  of  the  Society  shall  be  "The  London 

Devonian  Association." 

2.  Objects. — The  objects  of  the  Society  shall  be  : — 

{a)  To  encourage  the  spirit  of  local  patriotism — "  that 
righteous  and  God-given  feeling  which  is  the  root  of 
all  true  patriotism,  valour,  civilization " — the  spirit 
that  animated  the  great  Devonian  heroes  who  defeated 
the  Spanish  Armada  and  laid  the  foundations  of  the 
British  Empire. 

(b)  To  form  a  central  organization  in  London  to  promote 
Devonian  interests,  and  to  keep  Devonians  throughout 
the  world  in  communication  with  their  fellows  at 
home  and  abroad. 

(c)  To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  De- 
vonians residing  in  London  and  district,  by  means  of 
meetings  and  social  re-unions. 

(d)  To  foster  a  knowledge  of  the  History,  Folklore, 
Literature,  Music,  Art,  and  Antiquities  of  the  County. 

(e)  To  carry  out  from  time  to  time  approved  schemes 
for  the  benefit  of  Devonians  residing  in  London  or 
elsewhere. 

3.  Constitution. — The  Society  shall  consist  of  Life  and  Ordinary 

Members  and  Associates.* 

4.  Qualification. — Any  person    residing   in  London  or  district 

who  is  connected  with  the  County  of  Devon  by  birth, 
descent,  marriage,  or  former  residence,  shall  be  eligible 
for  membership,  but  such  person  shall  be  nominated  by  a 
Member  and  the  nomination  submitted  to  the  Committee, 
who  shall  at  their  first  Meeting  after  receipt  of  the  nomina- 
tion by  the  Hon.  Secretary,  decide  by  vote  as  to  the  accept- 
ance or  otherwise  of  the  nomination. 

5.  Subscription. — The  annual  subscription  to  the  Society  shall 

be  5/-  for  gentlemen,  and  2/6  for  ladies  and  those  under 
21  years  of  age.     Members  of  other  recognized  Devonian 

*  All  Devonians  (whether  by  birth,  descent,  marriage,  or  residence)  not  at  present 
residing  in  London  or  district  are  eligible  as  Associates.  Ihe  subscription  is  2  6  per 
annum,  or  two  guineas  for  life,  and  each  Associate  receives  a  copy  of  the  Year  Book. 


122  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


Associations  in  London  shall  be  admitted  as  Members  on 
the  nomination  of  their  representatives  on  the  Committee 
at  an  annual  subscription  of  2/6.  The  subscription  for 
Life  Membership  shall  be  two  guineas  for  gentlemen  and 
one  guinea  for  ladies.  Subscriptions  will  be  payable  on 
election  and  each  subsequent  30th  September.  The 
name  of  any  Member  whose  subscription  is  in  arrear  for 
six  months  may  be  removed  from  the  list  of  Members  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Committee. 

6.  Ofllcers. — The  Officers  of  the  Society  shall  be  a  President, 

Chairman,  Hon.  Secretary,  Hon.  Subscription  Secretary, 
and  Hon.  Treasurer,  all  of  whom  shall  be  elected  at  the 
Annual  Meeting. 

7.  Management. — The   management   of   the   Society   shall   be 

vested  in  a  Committee,  consisting  of  the  President,  Chair- 
man, Hon.  Secretary,  Hon.  Assistant  Secretary,  Hon. 
Treasurer,  and  fifteen  other  Members,  and  a  representative 
elected  by  each  of  the  other  Devonian  Associations  in 
London,  such  representatives  to  be  Members  of  the  Society. 

8.  Meetings  of  Committee. — The  Committee  shall  meet  at  least 

once  a  quarter.     Seven  to  form  a  quorum. 

9.  Chairman    of    Committee. — The    Committee    at    their    first 

Meeting  after  the  Annual  Meeting  shall  elect  a  Chairman 
and  a  Deputy-Chairman  from  Members  of  the  Association. 

10.  Power  of  Committee. — ^The  Committee  shall  be  empowered 
to  decide  all  matters  not  dealt  with  in  these  rules,  subject 
to  an  appeal  to  a  General  Meeting. 

11.  Auditors. — Two  Members,  who  are  not  Members  of  the 
Committee,  shall  be  elected  at  each  Annual  Meeting  to 
audit  the  Accounts  of  the  Society. 

12.  Annual  General  Meeting. — The  Annual  General  Meeting 
shall  be  held  in  the  month  of  October,  when  all  Officers, 
five  Members  of  the  Committee,  and  Auditors  shall  retire, 
but  be  eligible  for  re-election.  The  business  of  the  Annual 
General  Meeting  shall  be  the  election  of  Officers,  five 
Committee  men,  and  two  Auditors ;  presentation  of 
Annual  Report  and  Balance  Sheet  for  the  year  ending 
30th  September  ;  and  any  other  business,  due  notice  of 
which  has  been  given  to  the  Hon.  Secretary,  according  to 
the  Rules. 


Rules  of  the  London  Devonian  Association  123 

13.  Special  General  Meeting. — A  Special  General  Meeting  shall 
be  summoned  by  the  Hon.  Secretary  within  fourteen 
days  by  a  resolution  of  the  Committee,  or  within  twenty- 
one  days  of  the  receipt  of  a  requisition  signed  by  30  Mem- 
bers of  the  Society,  such  requisition  to  state  definitely  the 
business  to  be  considered. 

14.  Notice  of  Meeting. — Seven  days'  notice  shall  be  given  of  all 
General  Meetings  of  the  Society,  the  date  of  postmark  to 
be  taken  as  the  date  of  circular. 

15.  Alteration  of  Rules. — No  alteration  or  addition  to  these 
Rules  shall  be  made  except  at  the  Annual  Meeting  (when 
due  notice  of  such  alteration  or  addition  must  have  been 
sent  to  the  Hon.  Secretary  on  or  before  23rd  September) 
or  at  a  Special  General  Meeting.  A  copy  of  the  proposed 
alteration  or  addition  shall  be  sent  to  Members  with  notice 
of  Meeting. 

The  Association  is  affiliated  to  the  Conference  of  English 
County  Societies  in  London,  whose  headquarters  are  at  Cannon- 
Street  Hotel,  E.C. 

Oak  shields,  with  the  arms  of  the  Association  painted  in  proper 
colours,  may  be  obtained  from  F.  C.  Southwood,  96,  Regent 
Street,  W.     Price,  with  motto,  6s.,  without  motto,  4s.  6d. 

Badges,  with  the  arms  in  enamel  and  gilt,  price  4s.  3d.,  or 
brooches,  price  3s.  3d.,  may  be  obtained  from  W.  J.  Carroll, 
33,  Walbrook,  E.C.     Gold  brooches,  price  25s. 

A  few  copies  of  the  Devonian  Year  Books  for  1910,  1911, 
1912,  1913,  1914.  and  1915,  remain  in  stock.  Price  2s.  6d.,  by 
post  2s.  9d.  Apphcation  should  be  made  to  the  Hon.  Secre- 
tary, John  W.   Sh.awyer,  16,  Regent  Street,  W. 


124  ^''^^  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


List    of    Members    and    Associates. 

An  asterisk  (*)  indicates  Life  Member. 
A  double  dagger  (J)  indicates  Associate. 

♦Abell,   Prof.   T.  B.  (Exmouth).   M.I.N. A.,    Ashleigh,   Greenbank    Drive, 

Liverpool. 
♦Abell,    Prof.     Westcott     Stile    (Exmouth),    M.I.N.A.,    11,    Wedderburn 

Road,  Hampstead,  N.W.     Comwittee. 
Acland,   Captain   J.   W.    (Columb-John),  25,  Colville  Square,  W. 
Acland,  Theodore  Dyke  (Columb-John),  M.D.,  19,  Bryanston  Square,  W. 

Vice-President. 
Adams,  A.  A.  (Werrington) ,  C.A.,  Frankfield,  Stanhope  Road,  Homsey 

Lane,  N. 
J  Adams,  Maxwell    (Wolborough),  c  /o  Messrs.  W.   Brendon   &  Son,  Ltd., 

Plymouth. 
tAdams,  R.  A.  Chingswell  Street,  Bideford. 
JAdams,  R.  P.   {Calcutta  Soc). 

JAdams,  —  (Plymouth),  3,  George  Lane,  Folkestone.     {Folkestone  Assoc.) 
JAmery,  J.  S.  (Ashburton),  "  Druid,"  Ashburton,  Devon. 
Andrews,  Mrs.  (Tiverton,)  855,  Fulham  Road,  S.W. 

Andrews,  Mrs.   Lilian   (Plymouth),  3,  Old  Cavendish  Street,  Cavendish 
Square,  W. 
JAnning,  W.   (Starcross),  J. P.,  Hatherleigh,  Newport,  Mon. 
lAshton,  S.  H.  (Beaford),  Blaney,  King  William's  Town,  South  Africa. 
A.stor,    Major    Waldorf    (Plymouth),    M.P.,    Cliveden,    Taplow.      Vice- 
President. 

Bailey,  E.  E.  (Lynton),  29,  Elmfield  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  S.W. 

Bailey,  Mrs.  (Lynton),  29,  Elmfield  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  S.W. 

Baily,   J.   (Teignmouth),   144,   Harborough    Road,   Streatham,   S.W. 

Baker,  Richard  (Filleigh),  Coventry  Restaurant,  Rupert  Street,  W. 

Barker,  Mrs.  M.  Walcot  (Plymouth),  150,  Murchison  Road,  Leyton,  E. 

Barnes,    R.    Stewart    (Yealmpton),    53,    Moorgate    Street,    E.C.     Hon. 
Assistant  Secretary. 

Barnes,  Mrs.  (Brixham),  9,  Russell  Road,  Crouch  End.  N. 

Bastin,  T.  W.  (Paignton),  Messrs.  Bastin,  Merrvfield, and  Cracknell,  Great 

Castle  Street,  W. 
JBates,   J.  H.   {Calcutta  Soc). 

Battishill,  Miss  Marion  (Plymouth),  14,  Holmewood  Road,  S.  Norwood, 
S.E. 
*Beare,  J.  H.  (Holbeton),  88,  Sistova  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 

Beare,  Mrs.  (Holbeton),  88,  Sistova  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 
JBeed,  T.  A.  (Devonport),  16.  Polwarth  Gardens,  Hyndland,  Glasgow. 

Beer,    Miss    D.    Vernon    (Bideford),    67,    Lanercost    Rd.,    Tulse    Hill, 
S.W. 

Bell,  Miss  Annie  (Kingsbridge),  58,  Humber  Road,  Blackheath,  S.E. 

Bell,  Morrison-.  See  Morrison-Bell. 

Belsey,  Herbert  H.  (Barnstaple),  32,  South  Eaton  Place,  S.W. 

Benn,  A.  Shirley  (Plymouth),  M.P.,    18,  Bolton  Gardens,    S.W.      Vice- 
President. 

Bennett,  J.  (Totnes),  5,  Bruton  Street,  Bond  Street,  W. 

Bennett,  Samuel  (Devonport),  6,  Hemington  Avenue,  Friern  Bamet,  N. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  125 

Besley,  Canon  W.  P.  (Barnstaple),  M.A.,  9,  Amen  Court,  St.  Paul's,  E.C. 

Vice-President. 
Bickerton,  E.  H.  (Stonehouse)    7,  Bushey  Hill  Road,  Camberwell,  S.E. 
Bidgood,   G.   S.    (Tiverton),    8,    Homsey  Lane    Gardens,    Highgate,   N. 
Bidgood,  Mrs.,  8,  Hornsey  Lane  Gardens,  Highgate,  N. 
Bidgood,  R.  (Tiverton),  20,  Beaconsfield  Road,  New  Soulhgate,  N. 
Bird,  Wm.  (Shaldon).   170.  Fordwych  Rd.,  Cricklewood.  N.W. 
Bishenden,  Mrs.  1.  M.  (Newton  Abbot),  105,  New  Oxford  Street,  W. 
Blackmore,  W.  (Uffculme),  50,  Aston  Road,  Raynes  Park,  S.W. 
Bond,  Mrs.  Douglas  (Tavistock),  22,  Surrey  Street,  Victoria  Embank- 
ment, W.C. 
:JBoundy,  T.   (Tiverton),  9-1 1,  Sandgate  Road.   Folkestone.    IFolkeslone 

Assoc.) 
*Boume,  C.  W.  (Ilfracombe),  19,  Fairlawn  Road,  Wimbledon,  S.W. 
Bowden,  A.  T.  (North  Tawton),  76,  Newgate  Street,  E.C. 
Bowen.  Stanley  J.  (Bideford),  10,  St.  Paul's  Avenue,  Cricklewood,  N.W. 
Comniillee. 
JBovce,    Archdeacon    (Tiverton),   St.   Paul's  Rectory,   Cleveland    Street, 

'Sydney,  N.S.W. 
Bragg,  S.  (Exeter),  8,  Atherstone  Terrace,  Gloucester  Road,  S.W. 
JBrendon,  —  (Broadwood),  Brighton  Road,  Remuera,  Auckland.      {New 
Zealand  Assoc). 
Bridgeman,  G.  E.  (Ugborough),  8,  Lavender  Sweep,  Clapham  Common, 

S.W.     Committee. 
Bridgeman,  S.  J.  S.  (Ugborough),  8,  Lavender  Sweep,  Clapham  Common, 

S.W. 
Brimicombe,  M.  H.  (Totnes),  22,  Norfolk  Street,  Dalston,  N.E. 
Brodie,  C.  H.  (Exeter),  F.R.I.B.A.,  77,  Park  Lane,  Croydon. 
Bromfield,  T.  (Exeter  Club),  31,  Ashbumham  Grove,  Greenwich. 
Bromham,  Addison  J.  (Barnstaple),  Westward  Ho,  Wimbledon  Common. 
•Brooks,  C.   (Plymouth),   2,  The  Grange,  Maitland  Park,  N  W. 
Brown,  A.  S.   (Sidbury),  61,  Hubert   Grove,    Landor  Road,  Stockvvell, 

S.E. 
Brown,  Miss  E.  M.  (descent),  i,  Loraine  Place,  Holloway  Road,  N. 
Brown,  Mrs.  A.  S.  (Sidbury),  61,  Hubert  Grove,  Landor  Road,  Stockwell. 

S.E. 
JBrown,  Henry  T.  S.  (Plymouth),   17,  Newton  Street,  Ottawa,  Canada. 

(Ottawa  Soc). 
JBrowning,   Walter,   Buyford,   Morchard   Bishop,   North  Devon. 
♦Bryant,  E.  D.  (descent),  8,  Florence  Street,  Ottawa,  Canada.  {Ottawa  Soc.) 
Bryant,  Mrs.  E.  M.  (Torquay),  31,  Palace  Road,  Crouch  End,  N. 
Bryant,  H.  W.  (Devonport),  31,  Palace  Road,  Crouch  End,  N. 
Bryant,  S.  W.  (Plymouth),  174,  Grove  Road,  Claphani  Park,  S.W. 
JBuckingham,  F.  J.,  709,  EUice  Avenue,  Winnipeg.       {Manitoba  Soc.) 
♦Burlace,  J.  B.  (Brixham),  F.R.G.S.,  F.Z.S.,  38,  Corfton  Road,  EaUng,  W. 

Vice-President  ;    Committee. 
♦Burn,  Colonel  C.  R.  (Torquay),  M.P.,  A.D.C.,  48,  Cadogan  Place,  W. 
Burrows,  B.  (Honiton),  67,  Peterborough  Road,  Fulham,  S.W. 
Burton,  E.  Cave-  (Exeter),  46,  Kenilworth  Road,  Penge,  S.E. 
JBurton,   H.    (Newton  Abbot),    144,   Oxford   Road,    Reading.     {Reading 
Assoc). 
Buse,  A.  G.  (Shebbear),  16,  Stamford  Street,  S.E. 

JButland,  W.  (Dittisham),  101,  Clive  Road,  Fratton,  Portsmouth.    {Ports- 
mouth Soc). 
Byrne,  K.  J.  J.  (Kingsteignton),    "  The  Elms."  Orange  Hill,  Edgwarc, 
Middlesex. 


126  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


Campbell,  R.  J.  P.  (Exeter),  15,  St.  Margaret's  Road,  Plumstead. 
Cann,  C.  E.  (Barnstaple),  Holt  House,  East  End  Road,  Church  End, 

Finchley,  N. 
Cann,  G.  H.  (Northam),  35,  Grosvenor  Avenue,  East  Sheen.  — 

Cann,  Mrs.  F.  H.  (Northam),  35,  Grosvenor  Avenue,  East  Sheen. 
Cann,   J.  O.  (Brixham),   184,  Euston  Road,  N.W. 
Cann,  Miss  M.  (Morchard  Bishop),  54,  Alconbury  Road,  Upper  Clapton, 

N.E. 
Carnell,    John    (Ottery  St.    Mary),   83,    Phillimore  Mews,   High   Street, 

Kensington. 
Carroll,  C.  (Torquay),  48,  Manor  Road,  Stoke  Newington,  N. 
♦Carter,  G.  E.  L.  (Exmouth),  B.A.,  I.C.S.,  Assistant  Collector,  Karachi, 

Sind,   India. 
^Carter,  Miss  Ellen  G.  (Hartland),  Hartland,  North  Devon. 
Carter,  Mrs.  Lilian  (Exeter),  86,  St.  James's  Road,  Barnsbury,  N, 
Gaunter,  L.  G.  (Exeter),  Eversholt  Lodge,  New  Bamet. 
JCawley,  R.  (Sidmouth),  17,  Manor  Road,  Folkestone. 
Champion,  Norman  W.  (Shaldon),  8,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill, 

S.W.     Committee. 
Champion,  W.  (Shaldon),  8,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W. 
JChanter,    Rev.    J.    F.,    M.A.    (Barnstaple),    The    Rectory,    Parracombe, 

North  Devon. 
JChapman,  J.  (Plymouth).  Trevear,  Addington  South,  Liskeard,  Cornwall. 
JChapple,   W.   E.   Pitfield,   The  Shrubbery,   Axminster,   Devon. 
JChapple,  H.  (Chittlehampton),  90,  Sandgate  Road,  Folkestone.      [Folke- 
stone Assoc.) 
JCharlewood,  W.   T.,  Sprin3;field,  Bideford. 
Chettleburgh,  Maurice   (Plympton),   38,  Redcliffe  Gardens.  W. 
Chettleburgh,  Mrs.    (Plympton),   38,   Redcliffe  Gardens,  W. 
JChope,  H.  F.  (Hartland),  27,  Carsick  View  Road,  Sheffield. 
JChope,  Mrs.  M.  H.   (Hartland),  41,  View  Terrace,  Aberdeen. 
*Chope,    R.    Pearse    (Hartland),    B.A.,    Patent   Office,  25,  Southampton 

Buildings,  W.C.     Deputy-Chairman. 
JChope,  S.  R.,  Beverley,  Bideford. 
JChopCi  Engineer-Captain  W.  D.,  R.N.  (Hartland),  30,  Blythwood  Road, 

Crouch  Hill,  N. 
JChope,  W.  H.,  13,  High  Street,  Bideford. 
JChubb,  R.  W.   {Calcutta  Soc). 

Churchward,  Miss  Doris  (Torquay),  409,  Oxford  Street,  W. 
Churchward,  Miss  M.  (Torquay),  409,  Oxford  Street,  \V. 
Churston,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord   (Brixham),  C.V.O.,  Lupton,  Brixham.      Vice- 
President. 
Clark,  W.  H.  D.  (Plymouth), Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C 
Clarke,  E.  (Exeter  Club),  14,  Claude  Road,  Upton  Park,  E. 
Clarke,  H.  L.  (Torrington) ,  London  &  South- Western  Bank,  Wanstead, 

Essex. 
Clarke,  John  (Honiton),  45,  Marloes  Road,  Kensington,  W. 
Clarke,  Miss  E.  E.  (descent),  41,  Church  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 
Clarke,  T.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  41,  Church  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 
JClayton,   D'Arcy    (Southmolton),     3,   Beachborough    Villas,   Folkestone. 
{Folkestone  Assoc.) 
Clifford,  Colonel  E.  T.  (Exeter),  VD,  6,   Cranley  Gardens,   S.W.    Vice- 
President;    Chairman  of  Association. 
*Chfford  of  Chudleigh,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  (Ugbrooke),  VD,  A.D.C.,  Ugbrooke 
Park,  Chudleigh.      Vice-President. 
Goad,  R.  Lawson  (Ilfracombe),  27  and '28,  Old  Jewry,  E.G. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  127 


JCoates,  Lieut. -Col.  Herbert  (West  Town),  VD,  7,  St.  Stephen's  Avenue, 

Bristol.     (Bristol  Soc). 
Cole,   N.  (Salcombe),  45,  Allerton  Road,  Lordship  Park,  Stoke  Newing- 

ton.  N. 
Cole,  Mrs.    N.    (Salcombe),  45,   Allerton    Road,   Lordship   Park,    Stoke 

Newington,  N. 
Cole,  S.  J.  (Hartland),  M.R.C.S..  Hampden  Residential  Club,  Phoenix 

Street,  N.W. 
JColeridge,  Rev.  G.  F.  (Cadbury),  M.A.,  R.D.,  The  Vicarage,  Crowthome, 

Berks.     {Reading  Assoc). 
*Coles,    John     (Tiverton),      J. P.,     4,    Kensington     Park     Gardens,     W. 
Vice-President. 
Coles,  W.  Crosbie  (Bideford),  23,  Esmond  Gardens,  Bedford  Park,  W. 
CoUings.  J.  A.  (Plymouth).  273.  Uxbridge  Road,  W. 
JCoUins.  W.  G.  (Devonport),  82,  London  Avenue.North  End.  Portsmouth 

(Portsmouth  Soc.) 
Colwill,  C.  (North  Petherwin),  Pentire,  Coombe  Road,  Croydon. 
Commin,  E.  G.  (Exeter),  94,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Commin,  Mrs.  E.  G.  (Exeter),  94,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Commin,  F.  J.  (Exeter),  96,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Commin,  Mrs.  F.  J.  (Exeter),  9*^,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Commin,  Miss  A.  L.  (Exeter),  96,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Commin,  Miss  M.  O.  (Exeter),  96,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Commin,  R.  G.  (Exeter),  96,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Congdon,  A.  R.  (Hartland)    187a  Brompton  Road,  S.W. 
Coombes,  C.  S.  (Devonport),  Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  Buildings, 

W.C. 
Copp,  A.  E.  G.  (Barnstaple),  21,  Trinity  Road,  Wimbledon,  S.W. 
Cork,  F.  (Appledore),  18,  Wood  Street,  E.C. 
Cornish,  J.  F.  (Tiverton),  42,  Savmour  Street,  Euston,  N.W\ 
Cornwall,  Sir  Edwin  A.  (Lapford),  M.P.,  L.C.C.,  3,  Whitehall  Court,  S.W. 
Vice-President. 
•Cory,   Sir   Clifford    J.,   Bart.    (Bideford),   M.P.,   98,   Mount   Street,   W. 

Vice-President. 
JCottle,   J.     (Calcutta  Soc). 

JCouch,  Mrs.  A.  W.  (Brixham),  16,  Palace  Avenue,  Paignton. 
JCouch,  E.  (Brixham),  lO,  Palace  Avenue,  Paignton. 
Couch,  G.  W.  (Exeter),  Vernon  Lodge,  Carshalton. 
Cox,  F.,  74,  Lansdowne  Road,  Clapham  Park,  S.W. 
Cox,  Miss  Florence  (Devonport),  i,  Loraine  Place,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 
Cox,  Mrs.   F.,  74,  Lansdowne  Road,  Clapham  Pa^-k,  S.W. 
Coysh,  R.  H.  (Dartmouth),  17,  Delalield  Road,  Old  Charlton,  S.E. 
Craigie,  D.  C,  38,  W^ilton  Place,  S.W. 
JCranch,    —    (West    Alvington),    2,    Vincent    Street,    Auckland.     (New 

Zealand  Assoc). 
Cray,  M.  G.  A.  (Exeter  Club),  6,  St.  John's  Mansions,  Clapton  Square, 

N.E. 
JCrocker,  H.  M.  (Calcutta  Soc). 
JCrossman,  H.  M.  (Bideford),  4,  Donnington  Road,  Reading.     (Reading 

Assoc). 
{Cruse,  Miss  B.  A.  (Torquay),  22,  Woodville  Road,  Torquay. 
JCumming,    Stephen  A.    (Torquay),    "The    Corbyn,"   Wheatridge  Lane, 

Cockington,  Torquay. 
♦Cummings,  V.  J.,  c/o  Devonian  Society,  Victoria,  British  Columbia. 
Cutcliffe,    J.    (Dawlish),    National    Provincial   Bank,    15,    Bishopsgate, 
E.C. 


128  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


Dart,  J.  A.  (Ilfracombe),  19,  Waldegrave  Road,  Hornsey,  N. 
JDavey,  F.  E.  R.  (Exeter),  13,  Cranbrook  Road,  Redland,  Bristol. 
Davey,  Franklin  (Devonport),  "  Homestead,"  Onslow  Road,  Richmond 

Hill,  S.W. 
Davey,  G.  W.  (Sampford  Spiney),  16,  John  Street.  Bedford  Row,  W.C. 

Committee. 
JDavies,  W.   J.   (Brixham),  16,  Hercules  Street,  Mile  End,  Portsmouth. 

{Portsmouth  Assoc). 
JDaw,  A.  H.,  502,  Victor  Street,  Winnipeg.     [Manitoba  Soc.) 
JDe  la  Bere,   Rev.  J.   (Woolfardisworthy),  Woolsery  Rectory,  Morchard 

Bishop,  Devon. 
JDe  la  Bere,  Rev.  S.  H.  (Woolfardisworthy),  Woolsery  Rectory,  Morchard 

Bishop,  Devon. 
*Distin,  Alban  L.  G.   (Paignton),   11,  Melrose  Terrace,  Shepherd's  Hush 

Road,  W. 
♦Distin,  Howard  (Paignton),  M.B.,  Holtwhite  House,  Enfield. 
J  Dodge,  Albert  (Teignmouth),  Elmgrove  Road,  Gotham,  Bristol.     (Bristol 
Soc). 
Dodridge,  A.  E.  (Devonport),  "  Moulin,"  Cromwell  Road,  Beckenham.  S.E. 
Dodridge,  Mrs.  (Devonport),  "  Moulin,"  Cromwell  Road,  Beckenham,  S.E. 
J  Doe,  G.  M.  (Torrington),  Enfield,  Torrington,  North  Devon. 
tDoe,  G.  W.  A.  (Torrington),  Enfield,  Torrington,  North  Devon. 
:|.Dolton,   J.  A.   {Calcutta  Soc). 

Donald,  J.  (Devonport),  "  Westleigh,"  Whytecliffe  Road,  Purley.  Surrey. 

J  Drake,  Major    W.    Hedley,    Bryn     Willow,     Polsham    Park,    Paignton, 

Devon. 

Drake,  J.   (Yealmpton),  Grange  Works,  Grange  Road,  Willesden  Green, 

N.W. 

^Drew,    S.   T.    (Barnstaple),    Public   Library,    Swansea.     {Swansea  Soc.  ) 

Duke,  H.  E.  (Plymouth),  K.C.,  M.P.,  1.  Paper  Buildings,  Temple,  E.C. 

Vice-President. 
Dunn,  A.  E.  (Exeter),  70,  Victoria  Street,  S.W.      Vice-President. 
Dunn,  F.  W.  (South  Molton),  8,  Westmount  Road,  Eltham,  Kent. 
+  Dunn,  J.  H.  (Bideford),  Crofts,  Lea  Park,  Ilfracombe. 
JDyer,  W.  A.,  200,  Nassau  Street,  Winnipeg.     (Manitoba  Soc.) 

Earl,  T.  S.  (Devonport),  30,  Marlow  Road,  East  Ham. 

Eastmond,  J.  E.   Rawle  (Tiverton),  44,  Charing  Cross,  S.W. 

Easton,  H.  T.   (Exeter),  Union  of  London  and  Smiths  Bank,  Lombard 
Street,  E.C.      Vice-President. 
*Ebden,  W.  R.  Hern,  43,  Caledon  Road,  East  Ham,  E. 
JEdwards,  L.   (Calcutta  Soc). 

JEdye,   Lieut. -Colonel  L.    (Hatherleigh),   Stanley  Couit,   Stanley  Street, 
Montreal,  Canada. 

Ellis,  Miss  G.  M.  (descent),  i,  Lena  Gardens,  West  Kensington  Park,  W. 
JEllis,  James  (Bideford),  391,  London  Road,  Reading.     (Reading  Assoc) 
J  Ellis,  Mrs.  S.  T.  (Devonport),  ir.  Maiden  Lane,  Stamford,  Lines. 

E'.ston,  F.  W.  H.  (Exmouth),  6,  Cann  Hall  Road,  Leytonstone,  N.E. 

Elston,  Miss  M.  (Plymouth),  6,  Cann  Hall  Road,  Leytonstone,  N.E. 

Endicott,  Miss  Hetty  (Axminster),  102,  Winstanley  Road,  Clapham  Com- 
mon, S.W. 

England,  G.   (Crediton),   18,  Solon  New  Road,  Clapham,  S.W, 

Eustace,  A.  J.,  26,  Langdale  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

Eustace,  Mrs.   (Torquay),  26,  Langdale  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

Evans,  Mrs.  (Plymouth),  41,  Louisville  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 

Evans,  Miss  (Ottery),  47,  The  Chase,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 


Lisi   of  Members  and  Associates  129 


Evans,  G.  T.  (Ottery),  47,  The  Chase,  Clapham  Common,  S.VV, 
*Eveleigh,  Miss  Helen  (Exeter),  4,  Cadogan  Gardens,  S.W. 
Everett,  W.  J.  (Plymouth),  28,  Wray  Crescent,  Tollington  Park,  N. 
Everett,  Mrs.,  28,  Wray  Crescent,  Tollington  Park,  N. 
Exeter,  The  Right  Rev.  the  Lord  Bishop  of.  The  Palace,  Exeter.     Vice- 
President. 

Farrant,  H.  G.  (Hemlock),  J. P.,  3,  Paper  Buildings,  Temple,  E.C. 
JFast,  Mrs.  (Plymouth),  Manukan  Rd.,  Epsom,  Auckland.     {New  Zealand 

Assoc.) 
♦Fenn,  E.  H.  (Plymouth),  Commercial  Hotel,  King  William's  Town,  South 
Africa. 
Fitzgerald,  Miss  M.    (Sidmouth),  The  Coffee  Pot  Cafe,  68,   Basinghall 

Street,  E.  C. 
Foale,  Miss  A.  G.  (descent),  29,  Aldridge  Road  Villas,  Westbourne  Park,  W. 
Foale,  P.  (Blackawton) ,  29,  Aldridge  Road  Villas,  Westbourne  Park,  W. 
Forbes,  Mrs.  J.  (Torquay),   i,  Delafield  Road,  Old  Charlton,  S.E. 
Ford,  Clift  (Plymouth),  17,  High  Street,  Willesden  Junction,  N.W. 
Ford,  J.  (Plymouth),  49,  Nicol  Road,  Harlesden,  N.W. 
Fortescue,  Rt.  Hon.  Earl  (Filleigh),  K.C.B.,  A.D.C.,  Lord  Lieutenant  of 

Devon,  Castle  Hill,  South  Molton,  N.  Devon.      First  President. 
Foster,  H.  Blake  (Exeter),  81,  Manchuria  Road,  S.W. 
JFowler,   Rev.  Canon   (Tavistock),   M.A.,    D.Sc,   The  Vicarage,   Earley, 

near  Reading.     {Reading  Assoc.) 
J  Fox,  Bartholomew  (Sidmouth),  Carberry  Tower,  Musselburgh,  N.B. 
Eraser,  Ernest  (Exeter),  32,  Hatton  Garden,  E.C. 
J  Friendship,    J.    (Torrington),     41,     Logan     Road,    Bishopston,    Bristol. 

(Bristol  Sac.) 
IFulford,  J.  U.,  Southcott,  Bideford.  * 

Fulford,  J.  W.  (Northam),  34,  Strathearn  Road,  Wimbledon  Park,  S.W. 
Fulford,  Mrs.  (Northam),  34,  Strathearn  Road,  Wimbledon  Park,  S.W. 
J  Furze,    Joseph    (Tavistock),    3,   York   Avenue,    Sefton   Park,   Liverpool. 
(Liverpool  Soc.) 

•Galsworthy,  John,  Wingstone,  Manaton,  Devon.      Vice-President. 

Gamble,  Rev.   H.   R.   (Barnstaple),  M.A.,  Sloane  Street,  S.W.        Vice- 
President. 
JGarland,  H.  (Barnstaple),  4,  Redland  Hill,  Bristol.     (Bristol  Soc.) 
JGay,  Thomas  (Salcombe),  26,  George  Street,  Swansea.     (Swansea  Soc.) 

Geen,  H.   (Okehampton),   la.  Middle  Temple  Lane,  E.C.     Committee. 

Geen,  Mrs.  H.  (Okehampton),  la.  Middle  Temple  Lane,  E.C. 

Gibson,  Thos.  (Appledore),  6,  Moore  Park  Road,  Fulham,  S.W. 

Gill,  Allen  (Devonport),  F.R.A.M.,  5,  Lincoln  House,  Dartmouth  Park 
Hill,  N.W.      Vice-President. 

Gillham,  H.  (Burlescombe),  222,  Central  Market,  E.C. 

Gillham,  Mrs.,  90,  Blenheim  Gardens,  Cricklewood,  N.W. 

Glanvill,  H.  Wreford-  (Exeter),  35,  Strawberry  Hill  Road,  Twickenham. 

Glanville,  J.  Pascoe  (Plymouth),  57,  Heme  Hill,  S.E. 

Gloyne,  Martin   (Tavistock),  i,  St.  Paul's  Avenue,  Cricklewood,  N.W. 

Godfrey,  Mrs.  F.  A.  (descent),  Homeville,  Merton  Avenue,  Chiswick,  W. 

Godfrey,  S.  H.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  Homeville,  Merton  Avenue,  Chiswick,  W. 

Gooding,  C.  E.  (Exmouth),   136,  Hanover  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 

Goodman,  W.  H.  (Devonport),  160,  Ardgowan  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 
JGovier,  VV.  T.  (North  Molton).  26,  Canterbury  Road.  Southsea.     (Ports- 
mouth Assoc.) 
JGoaman,  W.  T.,  Anchorage,  Bideford. 


130  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  3916 

Grainger,  H.  (Torquay),  266,  Walworth  Road,  S.E. 
Grant,  Miss  B.  M.   (Torrington) ,  5,  Argyle  Street,  Oxford  Street,  W. 
Grant,  Mrs.  (Stoke  Fleming),  2,  St.  Mary's  Road,  North  Kensington,  W. 
Greenhouse,  Mrs.  F.  (descent),  9,  Lynmouth  Road,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 
Grigg,  R.  (Exmouth),  113,  Victoria  Road,  Old  Charlton,  S.E. 
Grills,  W.  E.  (Holsworthy),  80.  Wilton  Road,  Muswell  Hill.  N. 
Gulliford,  W.  (Exeter),  28,  Danby  Street,  Peckham,  S.E. 
JGurney,  Rev.  Walter  B.  (Bratton  Clovelly),    Poughill  Rectory,  Crediton. 
N.  Devon. 

Hall,  A.  B.  (Sidmouth),  Red  Roofs,  Slades  Hill,  Enfield,  N. 
Halsbury,  Rt.  Hon.    the    Earl    of    (Parkham),  P.C.,  4,  Ennismore  Gar- 
dens, W.  President. 
Hambly,  T.  H.  (Newton  Abbot),  65,  Napier  Road,  West  Ham,  E. 
Hambly,  Mrs.  M.  E.  (Newton  Abbot),  65,  Napier  Road,  West  Ham,  E. 
Hammick.  Miss  Daisy    (Stoke    Gabriel),    Clifton   House,   Bridge   Road, 

East  Molesey. 
Hancock,  Miss  A.  M.  (Barnstaple),  78,  Bishop's  Road,  Bayswater,  W. 
Hancock,    H.    H.    M.    (Barnstaple),    56,    Devereux    Road,    Wandsworth 

Common,  S.W.     Committee. 
Hancock,  Mrs.  (Barnstaple),  56,  Devereux  Road,  Wand.sworth  Common, 

S.W. 
Handford,   W.   (Barnstaple),   Barum,   Ovalway,   Gerrards  Cross. 
J  Harding,  W.  (Parracombe),  Landore,  Swansea.     {Swansea  Soc.) 
Harris,  J.  J.  (Bideford),  144,  Amesbury  Avenue,  Streatham  Hill,  S.W. 
J  Harris,    Miss    Bertha    A.    (Parracombe),    Bodley   Cottage,    Parracombe, 
R.S.O.,   N.  Devon. 
Harris,  Mrs.  Blanche  (Plymouth),  96,  Croxted  Road,  West  Dulwich,  S.E. 
Harris,  Frank  (Exeter),  L.C.C.  School,  Orange  Street,  Southwark,  S.E. 
Harris,  Gilbert,  (Plymouth),  6,  Kelmscott  Road,  Wandsworth  Common, 

S.W.     Hon.  Auditor. 
Harris,    Mrs.     Gilbert     (Plymouth),    6,    Kelmscott    Road,    Wandsworth 

Common,  S.W. 
Harvey,  Miss  B.  (Tiverton),  855,  Fulham  Road,  S.W. 
*Harvey,  H.  Fairfax-,  Warden  House,  Rodwell,  Weymouth. 
J  Harvey,  Mrs.  H.  Fairfax-,  Warden  House,  Rodwell,  Weynaouth. 
Hatch,  J.  C.  (Stonehouse),  87,  South  Lambeth  Road,  S.W. 
J  Hawkins,   J.   (Teignmouth),   Summerhill  Park,   Bathurst,  Cape  Colony, 
S.  Africa. 
Haycraft,  H.  C.  (Totnes),  Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C. 
*Hayman,  E.,  "  Glendaragh,"  82,  Doyle  Gardens,  Harlesden,  N.W. 
Haynes,  J.  T.  (Hartland),  J.P.,  22,  Knollys  Road,  Streatham,  S.W. 
Heard,  Dr.  J.,  25,  Woodwarde  Road,  Dulwich,  S.E. 
JHeard,  W.  E.  (Northam),  J. P.,  Winchester  House,  Newport.  Mon. 
Hearson,  C.  E.  (Barnstaple),  5,  Templar  Street,  Myatt's  Park,  S.E. 
Hearson,  Miss  Violet  C.  (Barnstaple),  5,  Templar  St.,  Myatt's  Park,  S.E. 
Hearson,  Prof.   T.    A.  (Barnstaple),  M.Inst.  C.E.,  14-15,  Southampton 

Buildings,  W.C. 
Hearson,  Mrs.  (Horrabridge),  81,  Ridgemount  Gardens,  Gower  St.,  W.C. 
Hearson,  W.  E.  (Barnstaple),  "  Kippington,"  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 
JHeath,  Miss  (Plymouth),   "  Tregantle,"  Woodside  Road,  Mount  Eden, 
Auckland.     {New  Zealand  Assoc.) 
Heddon,  W.  F.   (Topsham),  23,  Coolhurst  Road,  Crouch  End,  N. 
Hellier,  Miss  F.   (Ottery),   Staffordshire  House,   Store  Street,  W.C. 
JHellings,    R.    Merlin    (Tiverton),    3,    Nugent    Street,    Auckland.     {New 
Zealand  Assoc.) 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  131 

{Henning.  Rev.  J.,  CockinRton  Vicarage,  Torquay. 

*Henson.  S  ,  P.O.  Hox  1248,  Victoria,  British  Columhia..  {Victoria,  B.C., 

Devonian  Soc.) 
JHern,  S.  Glanwern,  Christchurch,  Newport,  Mon. 
Hesse,  Mrs.  N.  (Tiverton),  2,  Satanita  Road,  Westcliff,  Southend. 
JHews,  T.  G.  (Tiverton),  8,  Clarendon  Road,  Sketty,  Swansea.     {Swansea 
Soc.) 
Hey  wood,  F.  M.  (Bideford),  44,  Rosenthal  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 
Heywood,  G.  H.  (Bideford),  336,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 
Hey^vood,  Mrs.   Isabel  (Bideford),  336,   Holloway  Road,  N. 
Heywood,  Percy  (Bideford),  3,  Brigstock  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 
Hill,  H.  W.  (Exeter),  14,  Highlever  Road,  North  Kensington,  W. 
Hill,  J.  A.   (Holcorabe  Rogus),  C.A.,  19a,  Coleman  Street,  E.C.     Hon. 

Auditor. 
JHill,  J.  Ball-  {Calcutta  Soc.) 
JHine,  H.  C.  (Exeter),  20,  Kensington  Road,  North  End,  Portsmouth. 

{Portsmouth  Soc.) 
Hobbs,  Frank  (MoUand),  119,  Upper  Richmond  Road,  Putney. 
Hockaday,  F.  (Dawlish),  82,  Geraldine  Road,  Wandsworth,  S.W. 
JHodder,  P.  C.  (Aveton  Gifford),  19,  Chitty  Road,  East  Southsea.    {Ports- 
mouth Soc.) 
*Hodge,  F.  (Heavitree),  The  Homestead,  Bishop's  Avenue,  East  Finchley.N. 
Holloway.  Miss  W.  A.  (Plymouth),  8,  Glebe  Place,  Chelsea.  S.W. 
JHolman,   J.  Bertram  (Bideford),   10,   High  Street,  Tunbridge  Wells. 
J  Holmes,  A.   H.    (Parracombe),  Bodley  Cottage,  Parracombe,  R.S.O.,  N. 

Devon. 
♦Hooper,  A.  Shelton,  J. P.,  Hong-Kong.  {Hong-Kong  Soc.) 
J  Hooper,  J.,   195,  Nassau  Street,  Winnipeg.     {Manitoba  Soc.) 
Hooper,   Joseph  (Bridestowe),   195,  Widmore  Road,  Bromley,   Kent. 
Hooper,  Mrs.   (Bridestowe).   195,  Widmore  Road,  Bromley,   Kent. 
Hooper.  W.  (Christow),  52,  Northfield  Avenue.  Ealing,  W. 
JHooper,   W.    E.    (Devonport),   43,  Strathcona  Street,  Ottawa,  Canada. 

{Ottawa  Soc.) 
♦Hooppell,  Rev.  J.  L.  E,  (Aveton  Gifford),  St.  Peter's  Vicarage,  Hoxton 

Square,  N. 
Hopkins,  Mr.,  61,  Great  Ormond  Street,  W.C. 
Hopkins,  Mrs.,  61,  Great  Ormond  Street,  W.C. 
J  Hopper,  A.  E..  Queen  Anne's  Chambers,  Barnstaple,  Devon. 
JHore.  W.  J.  B.  (Dawlish),  Hotel  Continental,  Gibraltar. 
Horton,  A.  J.  (Morleigh),  35,  Cranston  Road,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 
Howie,  Mrs.  J.  R.  C.  (Tiverton),  36,  Pepys  Road,  Raynes  Park,  S.W. 
♦Howland.    Harman    J.    (Plymouth).    52.    St.    James's    Square.  Holland 

Park,  W. 
*Hughes,  T.  Cann  (Hittisleigh),  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  78,  Church  Street,  Lancaster. 

Vice-President. 
•Hughes,  Mrs.  Cann  (Winkleigh),  78,  Church  Street,  Lancaster. 
Hunt,  W.  G.  (Torquay),  14,  Fairmount  Road,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W. 
Hunter,  Mrs.  J.  Pomeroy,  5,  Shaftesbury  Villas,  Kensington,  W. 
Hurley,  J.  W.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  80,  Eardley  Road,  Streatham,  S.W. 
Hutchings,  C.  F".  H.  (Exeter),  10,  Old  Devonshire  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 
Hutchings,  Miss  Louie  (Torquay),  205,  Shirland  Road,  W. 
JHuxham,  W.  H.,  Springfield  Terrace,  Bideford. 

Inman,  Miss  Melina  (Stoke  Gabriel),  "  Sherbourne,"  LonglevRd.,  Tooting, 

S.W. 
Inman,    W.    (Stoke   Gabriel),    "  Sherbourne,"   Longley    Road,   Tooting, 

S.W.     Committee. 
Inman,  Mrs.  W.  (Stoke  Gabriel),"  Sherbourne,"  Longley  Rd  ,  Tooting,  S.W. 


132  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

Jackson,   Sir  John  (Plymouth),   M.P.,  Pounds,   near  Plymouth.     Vice- 
President. 
♦James,  Richard  (Broadclyst),  17,  Bread  Street,  E.C. 
*Jarvis,  Mrs.  (Devonport),  Thorpe  House,  4,  Airedale  Avenue,  Chiswick,  W, 
JJefferies,    C.     (Wellington,    Som.),    32,    Bouverie    Square,    Folkestone. 

{Folkestone  Assoc.) 
JJeffery,  Frank  C.  (Exeter),  Rockdale,  West  Park  Drive,  Westcliff-on-Sea. 
JJeffery.  Mrs.  M.  L.,  "  Rockdale,"  West  Park  Drive,  Westcliff-on-Sea. 

Johns,  F.  P.  (Devonport),  Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C. 
JJones,  John  (Plymouth),  301,  Edge  Lane,  Liverpool.     {Liverpool  Soc.) 
Jones,  Miss  M.  E.,  51,  Shawfield  Street,  Chelsea,  S.W. 
Jordan,  Miss  M.  U.  (Exeter),  5,  Kensington  Gardens  Square,  Bayswater, 
W. 
♦Josland,  F.  (Chawleigh),  "  Claremont,"  St.  John's  Road,  Sidcup,  Kent. 

JKekewich,    Captain  A.   St.  John    Mackintosh    (Exminster),    Devonshire 
Regiment,    Exeter. 
Kekewich,  C.  Granville  (Exminster),  2,  Suffolk  Lane,  E.C. 
Kekewich,  Sir  G.  W.    (Peamore),  K.C.B.,   D.C.L.,   St.  Albans,   Feltham, 

Middlesex.     Vice-President. 
Kelly,  A.  (Belstone),  66.  Brayburne  Avenue,  Clapham,  S.W 
Kelly,  Mrs.  E.  (Northlew),  66,  Brayburne  Avenue,  Clapham,  S.W. 
Kent,  Mrs.  (Barnstaple),  16,  Oxford  Road,  Chiswick,  W. 
Kerswell,  J.  C.  (Plymouth),  4,  Uplands  Terrace,  Swansea.    {Swansea  Soc.) 
Kiell,   J.   (Barnstaple),   19,  Stapleton  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  S.W. 
Kiell,  Mrs.  (Barnstaple),  19,  Stapleton  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  S.W'. 
I  King,  C.  W.   (Newton  Abbot),  Abu   Klea  Avenue,  Clapham,  S.W. 
Kingcombe,  H.  F.  (Yealmpton),   10,  Cato  Road,  Clapham  Road,  S.W. 
fKingcome,  C.  {Calcutta  Soc). 
Kingcome,  Miss  Ada  (Plymouth),  12,  Burwood  Place,  Norfolk  Crescent, 

W. 
Kingcome,  Miss  Emily  (Plvmouth),  12,  Burwood  Place,  Norfolk  Crescent, 

W. 
Kinsey,   F.  M.    (West  Buckland   School),  Florence    Villa,    16,    Harrow 
View,   Wealdstone. 
JKnight,   —   (Wells,   Som.),   9,   Cheriton   Place,   Folkestone.     {Folkestone 

Assoc.) 
JKnill,  H.  I.  (Barnstaple),  32,  Rhondda  Street,  Swansea.     {Swansea  Soc.) 

Laing,  Mrs.  H.  B.,  4,  Heath  Hurst  Road,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

Lake,  R.  C.  (Plymouth). 

Lambert,   Right  Hon.    George   (Spreyton),    M.P.,   34,   Grosvenor   Road, 

Westminster,  S.W.      Vice-President. 
JLancaster,  W.   J.,   J. P.,   "  Santa  Margherita,"  Torquay. 

Lane.  John  (West  Putford),  "  Bodley  Head,"  Vigo  Street,  W.      Vice- 
President. 

Lang,  H.  W.  (Stonehouse),  7,  Bayer  Street,  Golden  Lane,  E.C. 

Lang,  W.  H.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  33,  Hopedale  Road,  Charlton,  S.E. 

Larkworthy,  H.  S.  (Kinton),  171,  Hartfield  Road,  Wimbledon. 
•Larkworthy,  J.  W.  (Meeth),  "  Bucklands,"  Nether  Street,  North  Finchley. 
♦Larkworthy,  Mrs.  J.  W.,  "  Bucklands,"  Nether  Street,  North  Finchley. 

Lascelles,  W.  H.  (Exeter),  28,  Barclay  Road,  Croydon. 

Lavers,   W.   (Yealmpton),   3,   Paddenswick  Road,   Hammersmith,   W. 

Lawday,  Miss  K.  (Kingsnympton),  45,  Cambridge  Terrace,  Hyde  Park,  W. 

Lawrence,  R.  L.  (Cullompton),  i  &  2,  Russia  Row,  Milk  Street,  E.C. 

Lawrence,  R.  Reginald  (Cullompton),  i  &  2,  Russia  Row,  E.C. 
JLaycock,   C.   H.,   Cross  Street,   Moretonhampstead,   Devon. 

Leat,  J.  (Exeter),  B.A.,  Stoke  Road,  Slough. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  133 


JLee,  F.  Abbotsville,  Bideford. 

Lethbridge,  C,  24,  Great  St.  Helens,  E.C. 

Lethbridge,  Sir  Koper,   K.C.I.E.,   Kxbourne  Manor,   Exbourne   R.S.O., 
North  Devon.      Vice-President. 
JLidiard.    Lieut.    H.    E.    (Stonehouse),    R.N.S.M.    50.    Campbell    Road. 
Southsea.     (Portsmouth  Assoc.) 

Lock,  W.  G.  (Instow),  5,  Copthall  Buildings,  E.C. 

Lopes,  Sir  H.  Y-B.,  Bart.  (Maristow),  Roborough,  Devon.      Vice-President. 

Lovell,  H.  F.  (Chulmleigh),   49,    Agamemnon  Road,  West  Hampstead, 
N.W. 

Lovell,  J.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  161,  Eardley  Road,  Streatham,  S.W. 

Loveridge,   F.   (descent),   8,   Eastmean  Road,   Duhvich,   S.E. 

Loveridge,  Mrs.  C.  M.  (Holsworthy),  8,  Eastmean  Road,  Dulwich,  S.E. 

Loveridge,  G.  A.,  3,  Alma  Square,  St.  John's  Wood,  W. 

Loveridge,  Miss  M.  R.  (descent),  8,  Eastmean  Road,  Dulwich,  S.E. 

Lu.xton,  J.  (Coleridge),  184,  Essex  Road,  N. 
•Lyons,  Frank  L  (Stonehouse),  15,  Old  Cavendish  Street,  W. 

Maeers,  W.  H.  (Sidmouth),  49,  Lillieshall  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 
McCormack,    W.    J.    (Plymouth),    J.P.,     "  Dunkeid,"     Slough,    Bucks. 
Committee. 
♦Maker.  A.  J.  (Chillaton),  "  Chillaton,"  Tilehurst  Rd..  Reading.     (Reading 

Assoc.) 
Manning,   H.   R.   (Brixton),   274,   Portobello  Road,  W. 
Manning,    Mrs.    (Newton    Abbot),     153,    Keetons    Road,     Bermondsey, 

S.E. 
Manning,  Miss  R.  (Holsworthy),  2,  Langler  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 
Manning,  Miss  C.  A.  (Holsworthy),  2,  Langler  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 
♦Markham,  Lady  (Arhngton),  21,  Eccleston-square,  S.W.     Vice-President. 
♦Marzetti,  Leslie,  120,  Great  Portland  Street,  W. 
Masters,  Miss  Jessie  (Yealrapton),  25,  Bruton  Street,  Mayfair. 
Matthews,  H.  B.  (Devonport),  14,  Chesham  Street,  Brighton. 
Maunder,  W.  H.  (Staverton),  7,  Somerfield  Road,  Finsbury  Park,  N. 
♦Metherell,   R.   (Hartland),  Elmscott,  Winchmore  Hill,  N. 
Middleton,  J.  H.,  10,  Beverley  Gardens,  Barnes  Common,  S.W. 
Mildmay,  F.  B.  (Flete),  M.P..  Flete.  Ivybridge,  Devon.    Vice-President. 
Mildren.  A.  V.  (Beer),  2,  Colwell  Road,  East  Dulwich.  S.E. 
JMilford,  F.  P.  (Calcutta  Soc.) 

Millar,  Mrs.  A.  J.  (Burrington),  5,  Denbigh  Road,  Bayswater.  W. 
Milton,  J.  (Ide,  near  Exeter).  72.  Grove  Park,  Denmark  Hill,  S.E. 
Mogridge,  C.   (Ivybridge),   i.  Cannon  Row,  Westminster,  S.W. 
Morey,  Mrs.  (Plymouth),  41,  Louisville  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 
•Morris,  R.  Burnet  (South  Molton),  24,  Bramham  Gardens,  S.W. 
Morrison-Bell,  Major  A.  Clive,  M.P.,  Harpford  House,  Ottery  St.  Mary. 

Vice-President. 
Morrison-Bell,    Captain    E.    F.,    M.P.,    Pitt    House.    Chudleigh.      Vice- 
President. 
Moss,  Miss  E.  M.  (Plymouth),  i,  Adela  Avenue,  New  Maiden,  Surrey. 
Mount  Edgcumbc,  Rt.  Hon.  the  Earl  of,  P.C,    G.C.V.O.,   VD,    Winter 
Villa,  Stonehouse.      Vice-President. 
•Moyse,    Prof.    C.    E.    (Torquay),    LL.D.,    McGill    University,    Montreal, 

Canada.     (Montreal  Soc.) 
JMudge,    Arthur    J.    (Plymouth),    ^05,    Cooper   Street,   Ottawa,  Canada. 
(Ottawa  Soc.) 
Mutten,   A.   W.   (Devonport),    Hillside,    Mount  Pleasant   Lane,    Upper 
Clapton,   N.E. 


134  ^^^  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

Mutten,    Mrs.    A.    W.    (Devonport),     Hillside,    Mount    Pleasant    Lane, 

Upper  Clapton,  N.E. 
Mutten,     C.     (Devonport),     Hillside,     Mount     Pleasant     Lane,     Upper 

Clapton,  N.E. 
Mutten,    Miss    Emily    (Devonport),     Hillside,     Mount     Pleasant    Lane, 

Upper  Clapton,  N.E. 
Mutten,  Miss  Ethel  (Devonport),  Hillside,  Mount  Pleasant  Lane,  Upper 

Clapton,  N.E. 
Mutten,    Fred     (Devonport),    Hillside,    Mount    Pleasant    Lane,    Upper 

Clapton,  N.E. 
Mutten,  Miss  N.  E.  (Devonport),  Hillside,  Mount  Pleasant  Lane,  Upper 

Clapton,  N.E. 
Mutten,    Miss    Violet    (Devonport),     Hillside,    Mount    Pleasant  Lane, 

Upper  Clapton,  N.E. 
Mutten,  Miss  W.  A.  (Devonport),  Hillside,  Mount  Pleasant  Lane,  Upper 

Clapton,  N.E. 

JNewcombe,  C.  H.  K.  (Braunton),  21,  Mirador  Crescent,  Swansea. 
JNiner,  R.  K.  (Torquay),  12,  Palmerston  Road,  Southsea.   {Portsmouth  Soc.) 

Noakes,  F.  W.  (Totnes),  48,  Broadwater  Road,  Tottenham,  N. 

Norrish,   A.    J.    H.    (Bidelord),    Kisber,   Queen's   Avenue,   Church   End, 
Finchley,  N. 

Northcote,  J.  C.   (Torquay),  Wilton  Lodge,   Kingston  Hill,  Surrey. 
JNorth  Devon  Athenaeum,  Barnstaple. 

Oakley,  R.  O.  (Beer),  Patent  Office,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C. 

Oakley,  Mrs.  F.  E.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  54,  Sydney  Road,  Hornsey,  N. 

Offord,  W.  (Exeter),  72,  Church  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 
JOliver,  W.  H.  (Westleigh,  Bideford),  "  Inglenook,"  Albert  Road,  Caver 
sham,  near  Reading.     [Reading  Assoc.) 

Olliff,  Mrs.  Amy  (Bideford),  21,  Chartfield  Avenue,  Putney  Hill,  S.W., 

Osborne,   H.   Camille   (Coombe  Park,  Brendon),  4,  Cambridge   Gardens, 

Seven  Kings,  Essex. 
JOsmond,  C.  F.,  P.O.  Box  165,  Bulawayo,  South  Africa. 
jOwen,  W.  A.  (Shaldon),  King  William's  Town,  South  Africa. 

Owen,  W.  D.  (Axmouth),  The  Poplars,  Somerset  Road,  Brentford. 

JPallett,  Alfred  R.   (Devonport),  627,  McLaren  Street,  Ottawa,  Canada. 

(Ottawa  Soc.) 
JPalmer,  F.  W.  Morton,  M.A.,  M.D.  (Teignmouth),  13,  Orchard  Gardens, 

Teignniouth. 
JPalmer,   H.  G.   727,  Elgin  Avenue,  Winnipeg.      (Manitoba  Soc.) 
Parkyn,  H.  (Okehampton),  413,  Oxford  Street,  W. 
Parr,    G.   H.,    319,    Trinity   Road,    Wandsworth   Common,    S.W. 
Parr,   Mrs.,   319,   Trinity   Road,   Wandsworth  Common,   S.W. 
*Parr,  R.  J.  (Torquay),  40,  Leicester  Square,  W.C.      Vice-President. 
*Parr,  Mrs.  (Torquay),  40,  Leicester  Square,  W.C. 

Passmore,  W.  (Tiverton),  loi,  Elspeth  Road,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 
Paterson,   Miss    Edith    (Honiton),    16,    Kingsgate   Mansions,    Red   Lion 

Square,  W.C. 
Paterson,  Mrs.  R.  M.  (descent),  50,  Barrington  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 
Pawley,  Mrs.   (Plymouth),  98,   Ramsden  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 
Peace,  J.  W.  Graham,  6r,  Dynevor  Road,  High  Street,  Stoke  Newing- 

ton,  N. 
JPearce,  J.  Cyprian  (Kingsbridge),  "  The  Times  of  IMalaya,"  Ipok,  Perak, 

Federated  Malay  States. 
JPedler,  Mrs.  Carter-,  Reeve  Castle,  Bow,  X.  Devon. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  135 

JPedler,  Dr.  H.  (Calcutta  Soc). 

Peek,  Sir  Wilfrid,   Bart.,   Rousdon,  Devon.      Vice-President. 

Peek,    Rev.    Richard    (Drcwsteignton),   M.A.,   St.   Magnus   the   Martyr, 
Lower  Thames  Street,  E.C.      Vice-President. 

Peek,  R.  W.   (Torquay),  7,  Freshford  Street,  Earlsfield,  S.W. 

Peerman,  A.  Purnell  (Torquay),  38,  Northwold  Road,  Clapton,  N.E. 
JPengelley,  J.   E.   (Exeter),  The  White  House,  Fakenham,  Norfolk. 
•Pennell,   Commander  H.   L.   L.    (Awliscombe),    R.N.,   The    Admiralty, 
S.W.      Vice-President. 

Penny,  A.  J.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  118,  Cromwell  Road.  Wimbledon. 

Perry,  F.  A.  (Tiverton),  4,  Kirchen  Road,  West  Ealing,  W.     Committee. 

Peter,  Charles   (Bradninch),   31,   Sydney  Grove,   Hendon,   N.W. 

Philp,  C.  R.  S.  (Plymouth),  the  Livesey  Library,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E. 

Philp,  Mrs.  E.  L.  (Plymouth),  20,  Crystal  Palace  Road,  S.E. 

Philp,  D.  B.  (Devonport),  44,  Homefield  Road,  Chiswick,  W. 

Phillpotts,  Eden  (Exeter),  Eltham,  Torquay.      Vice-President. 

Pickard,  H.  (Beaford),  The  Laurels,  Wallbutton  Road,  Brockley,  S.E- 

Pike,  G.   G.    (descent),  51,  Carlton   House,   Lower  Regent  Street,  S.W. 

Pike,  Mrs.,  "  Exonia,"  37,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W. 

Pike,  W.  A.  (Exeter),  37,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W. 
♦Pilditch,   PhiUp  E.   (Plymouth),    J. P.,   L.C.C..   2.   Pall  Mall  East,   S.W. 

Vice-President. 
JPile,   Mrs.,   285,   Bannerman    Avenue,   Winnipeg.     {Manitoba   Soc.) 

Pillman,  J.  C.  (Plymouth),  J. P.,  The  Cottage,  Foots  Cray,  Kent.      Vice- 
President. 

Pinkham,  Alderman  C.  (Plympton),  J. P.,  C.C,  Linden  Lodge,  Winchester 
Avenue,  Brondesburj'^,  N.W.      Vice-President;  Chairman  of  Committee. 

Pinn,  F.  G.  (Sidmouth),  7O4,  Fulham  Road,  S.W. 

Pinn,  Mrs.  (Plympton  St.  Maurice),  764,  Fulham  Road,  S.W. 

Pocock   R.  W.  (descent),  51,  Radnor  Road.  Harrow,  W. 
JPollard',   J.  D.     (Calcutta  Soc.) 

Pope,  W.  S.  (Sidmouth),  3,  St.  Ann's  Villas,  Holland  Park,  W. 

Popham,   W.    V.   M.    (West  Buckland    School),    Blomlield   House,    85, 
London  Wall,  E.C. 
JPorter,  C.  J.  (Barnstaple),  54,  Beresford  Rd.,  Reading.     (Reading  Assoc.) 

Potbury,  T.  R.  (Sidmouth),  M.A.,  53,  Platts  Lane,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

Powe,  G.  W.  (Cadbury),  44,  Creswick  Road,  Acton,  W. 

Powe,   H.   D.   (Plymouth),   7b,   Peterborough  Villas,   Fulham,   S.W. 

Pride,  A.  E.  (Thorverton),  Woodland,  Horn  Lane,  Woodford  Green. 
JPrior,  A.     (Calcutta  Soc.) 

Pudifin,  Miss  K.  (Plympton),  6,  Cann  Hall  Road,  Leytonstone,  N.E. 

Pullman,  James,  8,  Eastern  Road,  Wood  Green,  N. 

Pyatt,  Miss  H.  (Plymouth),  West  Lodge,  10,  Park  Hill,  Clapham,  S.W. 

♦Quick,  Francis,  78,  Gillespie  Road,  Highbury,  N. 
Quick,  N.  (Tavistock),  552,  High  Road,  Tottenham,  N. 

Radford,  G.  H.  (Plymouth),  M.P.,  Chiswick  House,  Ditton  Hill,  Surbiton, 

Surrey,  Vice-President. 
♦Radford,  Mrs.  (Lydford),  Chiswick  House,  Ditton  Hill,  Surbiton. 
Randolph,  Lieut.  H.  B.  (Plymouth),  '•  Redlands,"  Farnborough    Road, 

South  Farnborough,  Hants. 
JRansford,  —  (Clevedon,    Som.),    Westdene.    JuUan    Road,    Folkestone. 

(Folkestone  Assoc.) 
♦Redwood,  W.  (Tiverton).  55,  Arley  Hill.  Bristol. 
J  Reed,  C.  (Bideford),  Torridge,  The  Parade,  Merthyr  Tydvil. 


y 


136  The  Devonian  Year  Book.  1916 


Reed,    J.   C.    (Morchard   Bishop),    81,    Tavistock   Crescent,    Westbourne 

Park,  W. 
Reed,    Mrs.    (Morchard    Bishop),    81,    Tavistock    Crescent,    Westbourne 
Park,  W. 
J  Reeve,    B.    (Stonehouse),    Brighton   Road,    Reumera,    Auckland.     {New 

Zealand  Assoc.) 
JRich,  W.  J.  (Tywardreath),  "  St.  Fillans,"  St.  Peter's  Hill,  Caversham, 
Reading.     {Reading  Assoc.) 
Richards,  J.  (Lynton),  46,  Ivanhoe  Road,  Camberwell,  S.E. 
J  Richardson,   W.   Gliddon-,    Hobson   Bay   Road,   Parnell,   New   Zealand. 

{New  Zealand  Assoc.) 
^ Rider,  T.  (Plymouth),  Sandhurst,  Goldsmith  Avenue,  Southsea.     {Ports- 
mouth Soc.) 
J  Roberts,  Rev.  R.  O.  (Barnstaple),  The  Rectory,  East  Downe,  Barnstaple. 
Rogers,   Herbert  (descent),    Brondesbury   House,  221,   Willesden    Lane 
N.W. 
*Rogers,  W.  H.   (Bideford),   J. P.,  Orleigh  Court,  Bideford,  N.  Devon. 
JRoutly,    W.    H.    (Holsworthy),     2,    Radnor    Park   Avenue,    Folkestone. 
{Folkestone  Assoc.) 
Rowe,  W.   (Plympton),  Tithe  Farm,  South  Harrow,  Middlesex. 
Rule,  J.,  42,  Russell  Square,   VV.C. 
Rule,  Mrs.  (Babbacombe),  42,  Russell  Square,  W.C. 
Ryall,  J.  (Totnes),  94,  Jerningham  Road,  New  Cross,  S.E. 

St.  Cyres,  Rt.  Hon.   Viscount   (Pynes),   84,  Eaton  Square,   S.W.      Vice- 
President. 
Salter,  Mrs.  A.  J.  (Axminster),  62,  West  Smithfield,  E.C. 
jSalter,  Henry  (Plymtree),  30,  Villiers  Street,  Swansea  {Swansea  Soc.) 
Salter,  W.   (CuUonipton),   25,  Crescent  Grove,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 
*Sanders,  C.  Buckley  (Exeter),  Bearsden,  Caterham,  Surrey. 
Sanguine,  A.  H.  (Bideford),  148,  Fleet  Road,  Hampstead,  N.W. 
Sanguine,  F.  J.  (Bideford),   148,  Fleet  Road,  Hampstead,  N.W. 
iSaunders,  H.     {Calcutta  Soc.) 
j  Scott,  T.  C,  Balfour,  British  Columbia. 
Searle,  J.  E.,  28,  Larkfield  Road,  Richmond,  Surrey. 
♦Seaton,    Rt.    Hon.    Lord    (Plympton),    Beechwood,    Plympton.      Vice- 
President. 
Selley,    H.    R.    (Topsham),    13,    Wandle    Road,    Wandsworth   Common, 

S.W. 
Sellick,  Miss  B.,  28.  Hamilton  Terrace,  St.  John's  Wood,  N.W. 
Serjeant,  Owen  Russell  (North  Petherwin),  The  Link  House,  Stanmore, 

Middlesex. 
Sharland,  A.  (Barnstaple),  25,  Charleville  Circus,  West  Hill,  Sydenham, 

S.E. 
Sharland,  A.  W.  (Exeter),  "  Edgecumbe,"  Ashburton  Road.  E.  Croydon. 
Shaw,  E.  Harved,  22,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  E.C. 
Shawyer,    J.   W.    (Filleigh),   5,   Hemington   Avenue,   Friern   Barnet,   N. 

Hon.  Secretary. 
Shawyer,  Mrs.  J.  W.,  5,  Hemington  Avenue,  Friern  Barnet,  N. 
Sheer,  J.  (North  Petherwin),  13,  King's  College  Road,  N.W. 
Shelley,    F.    H.    (Swimbridge),    52,    Solway   Road,    Wood  Green,    N. 
JShort,  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  23,  Denmark  Road,  Reading.     {Reading  Assoc.) 
Simmons,    Sydney    (Okehampton),     J. P.,    "  Okehampton,"    Torrington 

Park,  Friern  Barnet,  N.      Vice-President. 
JSimpson,  F.  C,  "  Maypool,"  Churston  Ferrers,  R.S.O.,  Devon. 
Simpson,  Leslie  (Stonehouse),  Bank  House,  King  St.,  Hammersmith,  W. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  137 

JSkelton,  W.  (Plymouth),  loi,  Leslie  Street,  Toronto,  Canada.     {Toronto 

Soc) . 
JSkewes,  J.  C.  (Bere  Alston),  Clare  Street,  Bristol.     (Bristol  Soc.) 
Skinner,  G.  E.  (Parracombe),  56,  Leyspring  Road,  Leytonstone. 
Skinner,   S.M.,    Messrs,  John    Barker   &   Co.,    High  Street,    Kensington. 

Vice-President. 
Slade,  H.  J.  (Torquay),  11,  Maze  Road,  Kew,  S.W. 
Small,  A.  (Barnstaple),  34,  Goldsmith  Road,  Leyton. 
Smart,  E.  S.  (Barnstaple).  16,  Moor  Lane,  E.C. 
Smart,  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  3,  Trossachs  Road,  East  Dulwich  Grove,  S.E. 

Committee. 

Smart,  Mrs.  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  3,  Trossachs  Road,  East  Dulwich  Grove, 

S.E. 

JSmith,  E.  S.  (Bideford),  32,  Brisbane  Road,  Reading.     (Reading  Assoc.) 

iSmith,  F.  G.  (Topsham),  6,   Dovedale  Road,  Liverpool.     (Liverpool  Soc.) 

Smith,   Granville   (Dartmouth),   Master  of   the   Supreme   Court,    Royal 

Courts  of  Justice,  W.C. 
JSmith,  H.  (Dartmouth),  20,  Judge's  Drive,  Liverpool.    (Liverpool  Soc.) 
Smith,  Miss  M.  (Colyton),  Eagle  Hotel,  Farringdon  Street,  E.C. 
Smithers,  A.  E.   (Stonehouse),   112,  Newington  Butts,  S.E. 
Smithers,  Mrs.,   112,  Newington  Butts,  S.E. 

Snell,  C.  Scott  (Barnstaple),  Gravesend  House,  Ridgeway,  Wimbledon. 
Snell,  Mrs.  C.  Scott  (Budleigh),  Gravesend  House,  Ridgewav,  Wimbledon. 
Snell,  E.  J.  (Bampton),   518,  Oxford  Street,  W. 

Snell,  Frank  (Bampton),  " Bampton,"  Etchingham Park  Rd.,  Finchley. 
Snell,  J.  (Axminster),  Hanger  Hill  Farm,  Ealing. 
*Snell,  M.  B.  (Barnstaple),  J. P.,  5,  Copthall  Buildings,  E.C.    Vice-President. 
Snell,  M.  Bowden,  junr.   (Combemartin),    18,   Broadwater  Down,  Tun- 
bridge  Wells. 
Snodgrass,  Archer  A.,  7,  Charterhouse  Square,  E.C. 

Snow,  G.  H.  (Barnstaple),  "  Rosedean,"  20,  Heathfield  South,  Twickenham. 
JSnow,  R.  (Tavistock),  21,  East  Mount  Road.  York. 
Soames,  D.  (Exeter),  52,  Manor  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 
Sobey,   H.   W.   (Plympton),   44,   Wtllmeadow  Road,   Lewisham,   S.E. 
Soper,    H.    Tapley-    (Stoke  Gabriel),  Royal    Albert   Memorial    Librarj-. 

Exeter.      Vice-President. 
Southwood,  F.  C.  (Bideford),  105,  Abbey  Road,  N.W. 
Southwood,  Mrs.  (descent),  105,  Abbey  Road,  N.W. 
Southwood,  Miss  Dorothy  (descent),  105,  Abbey  Road,  N.W. 
Southwood,  Miss  Mildred  (descent),  105,  Abbey  Road,  N.W. 
JSparkes,  W.  H.     (Calcutta  Soc.) 
Spear,  Arthur  (Plymouth),  61,  Asylum  Road,  S.E. 
Spear,  Sir  John  W.  (Tavi.stock),  M.P.,  Tavistock.      Vice-President. 
Squire,  H.  Brinsmead    (Torrington),  London,  County  and  Westminster 

Bank,  90,  Wood  Street,  E.C.     Hon.  Treasurer. 
Squire,  J.  Mallet  (Bideford),  3(),  Grasmere  Road,  Muswell  Hill,  N. 
JSquires,    Lieut.    J.    (Barnstaple),    R.M.A.,    15,    Exeter  Road,    Southsea. 
(Portsmouth  Assoc.) 
Stamper,  C.  W.  (Tiverton),  71,  Piccadilly,  W. 
JStanley,  E.  F.  (Dartmouth),  15,  Alexandra  Road,  Waterloo,  Liverpool. 

(Liverpool  Assoc.) 
JStapIeton,  G.     (Calcutta  Soc.) 

Statton,  P.  G.  (Devonport),  123,  Lavender  Sweep,  Clapham  Common,  S  W. 
Steed,  A.  W.  (Devonport),  25,  Clavering  Road,  Aldersbrook,  Wanstead 

Park.  Essex. 
Steer,  Rev.  W.  H.  Hornby  (Woodleigh),  M.A.,  52,  Avenue  Road,  Regent's 
Park,  N.W. 


138  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 

Steer,  J.  W.  (Plymouth),  "  Wood  Lee,"  45,  Raleigh  Road,  Hornsey,  N. 
JStentiford,  C.  D.  (Ashburton),  Stow  Park  Crescent,  Newport  Mon. 

Stevens,  E.  J.,  44,  Berkeley  Road,  Crouch  End,  N. 
JStewart,  Mrs.  W.  L.     {Calcutta  Soc.) 

{Stone,  F.  C,  386,  Kennedy  Street,  Winnipeg.     {Manitoba  Soc.) 
{Stranger,  R.  E.  (Holsworthy),  P.O.  Box  1025,  Cape  Town,  South  Africa. 

Streat,  F.  W.   (Ottery  St.  Mary),   125,  Lavender  Hill,  S.W. 

StribUng,  J.  Rowdon  (Exeter),  50,  High  Street,  Slough,  Bucks. 

Strobach,  Mrs.  (Exeter),  7,  Aybrook  Street,  Manchester  Square,  W. 

Studley,   Frank   (Tiverton),   "  Fairhaven,"  Cheam  Common  Hill,   Wor- 
cester Park,  Surrey. 

Summers,  J.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),   44,  Grove  Hill  Road,  Camberwcll,  S.E. 
Committee. 

Talbot,    Miss    Mabel    A.    (Hockworthy),   9,    Clarendon    Flats,   Baldeston 

Street,  W. 
Tamlin,  W.  E.   (Plymouth),   i.  Park  Avenue,  Willesden  Green,  N.W. 
Tarring,    F.    W.    (Holbeton),    F.R.I.B.A..    26,    Coolhurst   Road,    Crouch, 

End,  N. 
{Taylor,  A.,  West  Buckland  School,  South  Molton,  North  Devon. 
{Taylor,  A.  B.  (Honiton),  30,  Cross  St.,  Reading.     {Reading  Assoc.) 
Taylor,  A.  F.  (St.  Mary  Church),  Ingleside,  Hanwell,  W. 
Taylor,  J.  H.  (Northam),  The  Lodge,  Old  Deer  Park,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

Committee. 
Taylor,  Mrs.  C.  (Bideford),  The  Lodge,  Old  Deer  Park,  Richmond,  Surrey. 
Taylor,  Joshua  (Northam),  24,  Maldon  Road,  Acton,  W. 
Teague,  Mrs.  A.  M.   (Buckfastleigh),   87,   High  Road,   Streatham,   S.W. 
♦Temple,  Rev.  W.  (Exeter),    M.A.,   St.  James's  Rectory,    Piccadilly,  W. 

Vice-President. 
Thomson,  F.  J.  S.  (Exeter),  31,  Angell  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 
{Thorn,  Miss  I.  H.   (Chagford),  23,  Springwell  Avenue,  Harlesden,  N.W. 
Timewell,   W.   U.   (Kingsbridge),   Devonport,   Auckland.      {New  Zealand 

Assoc). 
{Titherley,  A.  (Exeter),  Laurence  Villa,  Boston,  Lines. 
Tolchard,  W.  D.,  734,  High  Road,  Leytonstone. 
Toley,  A.  (Stockland),  The  Grove,  Hanwell. 
Toll,  A.  E.  J.  (Torquay),  22,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  E.C. 
Tolley,  H.  (Exeter),  17,  Oakhurst  Grove,  East  Dulwich,  S.E. 
Tonkin,  Miss  Ada  (Newton  Abbot),  5,  Upper  Brook  Street,  W. 
*Tozer,  Henry  (Exeter),   i,  Durham  House  Street,   Strand,   W.C.      Vice- 
President. 
Tozer,  J.  R.  K.  (Paignton),  6,  Cannon  Street,  E.C. 
{Tozer,  R.  (Plymouth),  Wynyard  St.,  Auckland.      {New  Zealand  Assoc). 
{Tregay,  C.  (Roche,  Cornwall),  17,  Donnington  Road,  Reading.     {Reading 

Assoc). 
{Treliving,    Norman    (Okehampton),    Central   Library,    Leeds. 
Torbridge,   F.     (Newton    St.    Cyres),       "St.     Cyres,"   Dryburgh    Road, 

Putney,   W. 
Trobridge,   Mrs.    (Newton    St.    Cyres),    "  St.    Cyres,"    Dryburgh    Road, 

Putney.  W. 
Truscott,  W.  J.,  (Teignmouth),  66,  King's  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 
Truscott,  Mrs.,  66    King's  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 
*Tucker,  Lieut. -General  C.   (Ashburton),  Chalet  St.  Pierre,  Biarritz. 
Tucker,  E.  R.  (Morchard),  21,  Ansdell  Road,  Peckham,  S.E. 
Tucker,  G.  H.  L.,  83,  Ham  Park  Road,  West  Ham,  E. 
Tucker,  Miss  Hilda  M.  (Buckfastleigh),  15,  Cedars  Road,  Barnes  Common, 
S.W. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  139 

Tucker,  Thomas  (Exeter).  49,   Folburg  Road,  Stoke  Newington,   N.E. 

Turnbull,  J.  S.  R.  (Devonport),  29,  Trumpington  Road,  Forest  Gate,  E. 

Turner,  F.  J.,  Ridgway  House.  Mill  Hill.  N.W. 

Turner,  Mrs.,  Ridgway  House,  Mill  Hill.  N.W. 

Tyte,  H.  (Barnstaple),  121,  Lansdowne  Road,  Seven  Kings,  Essex. 

Tyte,  Miss  A.  L.,  121,  Lansdowne  Road,  Seven  Kings,  Essex. 

Tyte,  Miss  K.  (Barnstaple),  7a,  Morgan  Mansions,  Holloway  Road.  N. 

JUnderhill,  F.  (Plymouth),  7,  Sutherland  Road,  Plymouth. 

♦Upcott,  Lieut.-Col.  Sir  Frederick  Upcott  (Cullompton),  K.C.V.O.,  C.S.I. 

227,  St.  James  Court,  Buckingham  Gate,  S.W.      Vice-President. 
*Upcott,  Lady   (Cullompton),   227,   St.   James  Court,   Buckingham  Gate, 

S.W. 

♦Veitch,  Sir  Harry  J.  (Exeter),  34,  Redcliffe  Gardens,  South  Kensington, 
Vice-President. 
Vellacott,  R.  H.  (Lynton),  13,  Rectory  Square,  Stepney,  E. 
Venn,  W.  H.  (Whimple),  M.A.,  St.  Peter's  College,  Manor  Road,  Brockley, 

S.E. 
Vibert,  F.  H.  (Totnes),  Rock  Villa,  Sevenoaks. 
Vibert,  Herbert  (Totnes),  104,  Fore  Street,  E.C. 

+Vicar>%  W.   J.,   526,  Alexandra  Avenue,   Winnipeg.     [Manitoba  Soc.) 
Vivian,  Henry  (Cornwood),  6,  Bloomsbury  Square,  W.C.      Vice-President. 
JVivyan,  E.  J.  (Devonport).  3,  Stuart  Road,  Higher  Tranmere,  Birkenhead. 

[Liverpool  Soc.) 
Veysey.  G.  H.  Shapland  (Chittlehampton) ,  15,  Bishopsgate,  E.C. 
JVickery,   J.  H.   (Crediton).  The  Norlands,  Clytha  Park.  Newport,  Mon. 
JVodden,  T.  (Cullompton),  Jaffa  House,  Cullompton,  Devon. 

Waghom,  Mrs.  A.  G.  (Horrabridge),  50,  Westcombe  Park  Road,  Black- 
heath,  S.E. 

Walden,  Mrs.  A.  M.  (Exmouth),  8,  Parson's  Green  Lane,  Fulham,  S.W. 

Waldron,  Rev.  A.  J.  (Plymouth),  St.  Matthew's  Vicarage,  Brixton,  S.W. 
Vice-President. 
"Walker,  F.  (Drewsteignton) ,  68,  Coleman  Street,  E.C. 

Walrond,  Conrad  M.   (Cullompton),  "  Braeside,"  St.  Catherine's  Lane, 
Eastcote. 

Walrond,  H.  W.  (Cullompton),  London,  County  and  Westminster  Bank, 

Knightsbridge,  S.W. 
*Walton,  C.  H.  (Teignmouth),  Devonia,  31,  Sibella  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

Ward,  Mrs.  (Plymouth),  29.  Pitfield  Road,  Hoxton.  N. 

Ward,  W.  J.  (Plymouth).  29.  Pitfield  Road,  Hoxton,  N. 

Warran,  F.   (Tavistock),  82a,  South  Park  Road,  Wimbledon,  S.W. 
JWatkins,  J.  R.  (Plymouth).  5.  Harrington  St.,  Liverpool.  [Liverpool  Soc.) 

Webber,  R.  A.  (Newton  Abbot) ,  2,  Dallin  Road,  Plumstead,  S.E. 

Webber,  W.  J.  N.  (Plymouth),  Aspen  Cottage,  Mitcham  Junction,  Surrey. 

Wellacott.  W.  (Morchard  Bishop).  18.  Arlington  Road.  West  Ealing,  W. 
♦Wendon,  W.   (Paignton),  9,  Oxford  Gardens,  North  Kensington,  W. 

Western,  J.  R.  (Cullompton),  Rosario,  Holly  Park  Gardens,  Finchley,  N, 
♦Wheeler,  C.  (llfracombe),  "  Norlands,"  Lyndhurst,  Hants. 

White,  A.  (Diptford),  3,  Aberdeen  Court,  Aberdeen  Park,  N. 

White,  T.  Jeston  (Stockland),  39,  Burne  Street,  N.W. 

White,  W.  A.  (Exeter),  Crabtree,  Riverside,  Fulham,  S.W. 
*Whiteway,  E.  (Coombeinteign),  14,  New  Union  Street,  Moorfields,  E.C. 

Whitfield,  J.  (Bideford),  103,  Altenburgh  Gardens,  Clapham  Common, 

S.W. 
JWhitley,  E.  Forbes  (Efford),  Rhos  Cottage,  Newquay. 


140  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  iqi6 

Whitley,  H.   Michell    (Plymouth),  Broadway   Court,   Broadway,  West- 
minster, S.W.      Vice-President. 

fWidlake,  E.  (Combe  Martin),  Sunny  Mount,  Hanham,  Bristol.      {Bristol 
Soc.) 

Wild,  A.  C.  T.  (Beer),  Belmont  House,  Peckham  Rye,  S.E. 

Wills,  F.  R.  Gould-  (Exeter),  A.R.I.B.A.,  31-33,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 
JWindeatt,  E.  (Totnes),  "  Heckwood,"  Totnes,  S.  Devon. 

Wingate,  G.  H.  (Plymouth),  29,  Fairhold  Road,  Stoke  Newington,  N. 

Wingate,  G.  M.  (Plymouth),  20,  Denver  Road,  Amhurst  Park,  N. 

Wingate,  L.  A.  (Plymouth),  66,  Loveday  Road,  West  Ealing,  W. 
JWinter,  P.  G.    D.    (Torquay),    70,    Elm   Grove,   Southsea.      {Portsmouth 

Soc.) 
J  Wise,  H.  Harris  (Plymouth),  Mayfield,  Woodland  Park,  Newport  (Mon.). 

Witheridge,  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  105,  Dawes  Road,  Fulham,  S.W. 

WoUocombe,  J.  R.  (Lewdown),  Stowford  Cottage,  Lewdown  S.O.,  Devon. 

Wood,  J.  F.  (Stonehouse),  123,  The  Grove,  Wandsworth,  S.W. 
*  Woodward,  A.  F.  (Tiverton),  3,  Pelham  Road,  South  Woodford,  Essex. 

Woolley,  W.  B.  (Torquay),  17,  Windermere  Road,  Muswell  Hill,  N. 

WooUcombe,  Rev.  H.  S.  (Northlew),  M.A.     Vice-President. 

Worth,  A.  J.  (Devonport),  London,  County  &  Westminster  Bank,  Mary- 
lebone  Road,  W. 

Wreford,  C.  W.  (Exeter),  55,  Dyne  Road,  Brondesbury,  N.W. 

Wreford,  Mrs.  C.  W.  (Exeter),  55.  Dyne  Road,  Brondesbury,  N.W. 
JWrenford,  Rev.  H.  St.  John  E.,  Clannaborough  Rectory,  Bow,  N.  Devon. 

Wright,  F.  G.  (Tiverton),  10,  Old  Deer  Park  Gardens,  Richmond.     Com- 

Wright,  W.  J.  (Bideford),  18,  Wood  Street,  E.C. 
JWyatt,  F.  B.  (South  Molton),  South  Molton,  N.  Devon. 

Yandle,  Robert  (Tiverton),  22,  Carter  Lane,  E.C.     Committee. 
JYellen,  F.  H.  (Holcomb  Rogus),  47,  Market  Place,  Reading.     {Reading 

Assoc.) 
Yeo,  James  (Barnstaple),  Woodhurst,  Warlingham,  Surrey. 
Yeo,  S.  A.  Spear  (Exeter),  2,  4,  and  6,  St.  John  Street,  E.C. 

Zelley,  J.  H.  (Exeter),  31,  Radipole  Road,  Fulham,  S.W. 


Members  are  earnestly  requested  to  notify  alterations  of  address,  and  place 
of  association  with  Devonshire  {in  cases  where  this  is  omitted),  to  the  Hon. 
Secretary,  John  W.  Shawver,  5,  Hemington  Avenue,  Friern  Barnet, 
London,  N. 


1917 


PRICE  2i.  M. 


net. 


\ 


DEVONIAN    YEAR    BOOK 

1917 


%' 


THE    LATE     LORD    CLIFFORD    OF    CHUDLEIGH.    V.D.,    A.D.C. 

{I'icc-P)  csident  of  the  London  Devonian  Association.) 


Frontispiece. 


THE 


Devonian  Year  Book 


FOR    THE    YEAR 


1917 


(EIGHTH     YEAH     OF    PUBLICATION) 


BO(te&   bB 
R.    PEARSE   CHORE,    B.A. 


Men  of  Devon,  link  your  hands 
Across  the  Seas,  across  the  Lands  ; 

Before  the  world  as   Brothers  stand, 
Sons  of  Devon — Motherland. 


E.  T. 


f 


PUBLISHED    BY 
XonDoii:    THE    LONDON    DEVONIAN    ASSOCIATION 

(JOHN  W.   SHAWYER,  Hon.  Sec.) 

Sardinia  House,   Kingsway,   W.C. 

SIMPKIN,    MARSHALL,    HAMILTON.    KENT    &    CO.    LTD. 

JSriStOl  :     JOHN    WRIGHT    &     SONS     LTD..    STONE     BRIDGE 

</,')■   till-    ll'.sf    of  I'.nsland  and  South    Wales). 


JOHN    WRIGHT    AND    SONS    LTD. 
I'RINTEKS,     BRISTOI. 


fBRXf^ 


.  2  9  19S4 
S78741 


Contents. 


l'A<iH 


The    London    Devonian    Association — Officers    and    Com- 
mittees   -            -            -            -            -            -  -  7 

The  Year's  Work 10 

"  Men  of  Devon  "     -            -            -            -            -  -  15 

Visitation  of  the  Wounded  -            -            -            -  -  16 

A  Tribute  to  Drake              -            -            -            -  -  19 

"  The  Admiral's  Ghost "       -            -            -            -  -  24 

Lord  CUfford  of  Chudleigh  -            -            -            -  -  27 

Died  for  their  Country         -            -            -            -  -  29 

"  The  Fleets  -------  37 

Drake's  Ship              -            -            -            -            -  -  38 

Robert  Wenyngton  :    An  old  "  Sea-Dog  "  of  Devon  -  43 

"Adventurers  All"               -            -            -            -  -  57 

Notes  and  Gleanings             -   ".       -            -            -  -  58 

"  The  Call"               -            -            -            -            -  -  77 

The  Bristol  and  Exeter  Railway     -            -            -  -  78 

The  Saxon  Conquest  of  Devon        -            -            -  -  82 

Some  Recent  Devonian  Literature — H.  Tapley-Soper  -  92 

Affiliated  Societies     -            -            -            -            -  -  95 

Devonian  Societies  not  Affiliated     -            -            -  -  103 

Rules  of  the  London  Devonian  Association            -  -  107 

List  of  Members  and  Associates      -            -            -  1 10 


Officers  and  Committees 


The   London    Devonian    Association. 
Officers    and    Committees. 

1916-17. 


President : 

The  Right  Hon.   the   Earl  of  HALSBURY,   P.C. 

Past   PresidenU  : 
The  Right  Hon.  Earl  FORTESCUE,  K.C.B.,  A.D.C.,  Lord -Lieutenant 

of  Devon  (1909-10). 
The    Right    Hon.    Lord    NORTHCOTE,    G.C.M.G.,    G.C.I.E..    C.B. 

(1910-11). 

Vice-Presidents  : 

The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  MOUNT  EDGCUMBE,  P.C,  G.C.V.O.. 
VD. 

The  Right  Hon,  the  Viscount  ST.  GYRES. 

The  Right  Rev.  ARCHIBALD  ROBERTSON,  D.D.,  late  Lord  Bishop 
of  Exeter. 

The  Right  Hon.  Lord  CHURSTON.  M.V.O. 

The  Right  Hon.  Lord  SEATON. 

Major  The  Hon.  WALDORF  ASTOR,  M.P.  Plymouth. 

The  Right  Hon.  H.  E.  DUKE,  K.C.,  M.P.,  Exeter  (Plymouth).  Chief 
Secretary  for  Ireland. 

The  Right  Hon.  GEORGE  LAMBERT,  P.C.  M.P.  South  Molton 
(Spreyton). 

Sir  CLIFFORD  J.  CORY.  Bart..  »J.P.  {Bideford). 

Sir  H.  Y.-B.  LOPES.  Bart.  {Roborough). 

Sir  WILFRID  PEEK.  Bart.  (Rousdon). 

Sir  GEORGE  W.  KEKEWICH,  K.C.B..  D  C.L.  (Peamoie). 

Lady  MARKHAM  {Arlington). 

Sir  roper  LETHBRIDGE.   K.C.I.E..  M.A..  D.L..  J.P.   (Exbourne). 

Sir  JOHN  JACKSON,  K.C.V.O.,  M.P.  Devonport. 

Lt.-Col.  Sir  FREDK.  UPCOTT.  K.C.V.O..  C.S.I.  {Cullompton). 

Sir  EDWIN  A.  CORNWALL,  M.P.  (Lapford),  Comptroller  of  the  House- 
hold. 

Sir  GEORGE  H.  RADFORD,  LL.B.,  M.P.  (Plymouth). 

Sir  JOHN  W.  SPEAR.  M.P.  Tavistock  (Tavistock). 

Sir  harry  J.  VEITCH  (Exeter). 

Colonel  E.  T.  CLIFFORD.  VD  (Exeter). 

Colonel  F.  B.  MILDMAY,  M.P.  Totnes  (Flete,  Ivybriige). 

Colonel  CHARLES  PINKHAM,  J. P..  Alderman  of  Middlesex  C.C 
(Plympton). 

Major  A.  C  MORRISON-BELL.  M.P.  Honiton  (Harpford). 

Captain  E.  F.  MORRISON-BELL.  M.P.  Ashburton  (C'hudleigh). 

T.  DYKE  ACLAND.  Esq..  M.D..  F.R.C.P.  (Columbjohn). 

A.  SHIRLEY  BENN,  Esq.,  M.P.  Plymouth. 

Rev.  W.  p.  BESLEY.  M.A.  (Barnstaple).  Minor  Canon  of  St.  Paul's. 


The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


Vice-Presidents  : — Continued. 

J.  B.  BURLACE,  Esq.,  F.R.G.S.,  F.Z.S.  (Brixham). 

JOHN  COLES,  Esq.,  J.P.  {Tiverton). 

A.  E.  DUNN,  Esq.  (Exeter). 

H.  T.  EASTON,  Esq.  (Exeter). 

JOHN  GALSWORTHY.  Esq.  (MancUon). 

Rev.  H.  R.  GAMBLE,  M.A.  (Barnstaple),  Canon  of  Westminster,  Hon. 

Chaplain  to  the  King. 
ALLEN  GILL.  Esq.,  F.R.A.M.  (Devonport). 
T.  CANN  HUGHES,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  (Hittisleigh) . 
JOHN  LANE.  Esq.  (West  Putford). 
R,  J.  PARR.  Esq.  (Torquay). 
Rev.  RICHARD  PEEK.  M.A.  (Drewsteignton). 
EDEN  PHILLPOTTS,  Esq.   (Exeter). 
P.  E.  PILDITCH,  Esq..  J.P.,  L.C.C.  (Kingsbridge) . 
J.  C.  PILLMAN,  Esq.,  J.P.  (Plymouth). 
SYDNEY  SIMMONS,  Esq.,  J.P,  (Okehampton). 
S.  M.  SKINNER,  Esq.  (Thorverton). 
MICHAEL  B.  SNELL.  Esq..  J.P.  (Barnstaple). 
H.  TAPLEY-SOPER.  Esq.  (Stoke  Gabriel). 

Rev.  W.  TEMPLE,  M.A.  (Exeter),  Hon.  Chaplain  to  the  King. 
HENRY  TOZER.  Esq.  (Exeter). 
HENRY  VIVIAN,  Esq.  (Cornwood). 

H.  MICHELL  WHITLEY,  Esq.,  M.Inst.C.E.   (Plymouth). 
Rev.  H.  S.  WOOLLCOMBE,  M.A.  (Northlew). 

Chairman  of  the  Association  : 

Colonel  E.  T.  CLIFFORD,  VD  (Exeter), 
Cranley  Gardens,  South  Kensington,  S.W. 

Committee  : 

Chairman. 

Colonel  Charles  Pinkham,  J. P.,  Alderman  of  Middlesex  C.C.  (Plympton) , 

Linden  Lodge.  Winchester  Avenue.  Brondesbury,  N.W. 

Deputy  Chairman. 
R.  Pearse  Chope,  B.A.  (Hartland), 
Patent  Office,  25.  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C. 

Prof.  W.  S.  Abell.  M.I.N.A.  (Extnouth),  11,  Wedderburn  Road,  Hamp- 
stead,  N.W. 

J.  B.  BuRLACE  (Brixham),  38,  Corfton  Road,  Ealing,  W. 

Norman  W.  Champion  (Shaldon),  8.  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill, 
S.W. 

N.  Cole  (Salcombe),  45,  Allerton  Road,  Lordship  Park,  Stoke  Newing- 
ton,   N. 

G.  W.  Davey  (Sampford  Spiney),  16.  John  Street,  Bedford  Row,  W.C. 

J.    Donald    (Three   Towns  Assoc).    "  Westleigh,"     Whyteclifie    Road, 
Purley,   Surrey. 

H.  Geen  (Okehampton),   la.  Middle  Temple  Lane,  E.C. 

S.    H.    Godfrey    (Old  Ottregians   .Soc),   "  Homeville,"   Merton   Avenue, 
Chiswick,  W. 

H.  H.  M.  Hancock  (Barumites  in  London),  56,  Devereux  Road,   Wands- 
worth Common,  S.W, 

G.  H.  Heywood  (London  Bidefordian  Soc),  336,  Holloway  Road,  N. 

W.  Inman  (Stoke  Gabriel),  Sherbourne,  Longley  Road,  Tooting.  S.W. 


Officers  and.  Committees 


J.  W.  Larkworthy  (Meeth),  "  Bucklands,"  Nether  Street,  North  Finchley. 
Lieut.  W.  J,  McCoRMACK.  J.P.  (Plymouth),  Dunkeld,  Slough,   Bucks. 
F.  A.  Perry  (Tiverton),  4,  Kirchen  Road,  West  Ealing. 
John  Ryall  (Exeter  Club),  94,  Jemingham  Road,  New  Cross,  S.E. 
W.  H.  Smart  (Plymouth),  3,  Trossachs  Road,  East  Dulwich  Grove,  S.E. 
J.  H.  Taylor  (Northam),  The  Lodge,  Old  Deer  Park,  Richmond. 

F.  G.  Wright  (Tiverton),  10,  Old  Deer  Park  Gardens,  Richmond. 
Robert  Yandle  (Tivertonian  Assoc),  22.  Carter  Lane,  E.C. 

Hon.  Auditors. 
Gilbert  Harris  (Plymouth),  78,  Wood  Street,  E.C. 
J.  Arnold  Hill,  C.A.  (Holcombe  Rogus),  19a,  Coleman  Street,  E.C. 

Hon.  Treasurer. 
H.    Brinsmead    Squire    (Torrington),    London   County   &    Westminster 
Bank,  Ltd.,  90,  Wood  Street,  E.C. 

Hon.  Assistant  Secretary. 
Lieut.  R.  Stewart  Barnes  (Yealmpton),  45,  Finsbury  Square,  E.C. 

Hon.  Secretary. 
John  W.  Shawyer  (West  Buckland  School  O.B.A.),  5,  Hemington  Avenue, 
Friem  Bamet,  N. 

Benevolent   Fund   Sub-committee  : 

G.  W.  Davey,  H.  H.  M.  Hancock,  W.  Inman,  J.  H.  Taylor. 

Finance   Sub-committee  : 

J.  B.  Burlace,  G.  W.  Davey,  W.  Inman,  W.  J.  McCormack. 

Year    Book    Sub-committee : 

Prof.  W.  S.  Abell,  J.  B.  Burlace,  H.  Geen,  F.  A.  Perry. 

Devon    County   Folk  Visitation   to   our   Wounded  Soldiers  and   Sailors 
in    London    Hospitals. 

Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford  (Chairman),  Mrs.  Annear,  Mrs.  Calla- 
way, Miss  D.  Churchward,  Miss  Elliott,  Mrs.  Eustace,  Miss 
Fitzgerald,  Mrs.  Giles,  Mrs.  Gurry,  Miss  B.  Harvey,  Mrs. 
Hesse,  Mrs.  Hooper,  Miss  Humphry,  Mrs.  Inman,  Miss 
Kinsman,  Mrs.  Larkworthy,  Mrs.  Paine,  Mrs.  Pawley,  Mrs. 
Richards,  Miss  Richards,  Miss  Robe,  Mrs.  Rule,  Mrs.  Smart, 
Mrs.  Walker,  Mrs.  C.  H.  Warren,  Miss  Warren,  AIrs.  Wreford, 
Miss  Maude  A.  Churchward  (Hon.  Secretary),  409,  Oxford  Street,  W. 
Representatives  on  the  English  County  Societies  Conference  : 

Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford   (Chairman  of  the  Conference),  G.  W.  Davey, 
J.  W.  Shawyer  (ex  officio). 

National    Memorial    to    Drake. 

President :  The  Right  Hon.  Winston  Churchill,  M.P. 
The  London  Devonian  Association  is  represented  on  the  Executive  of 
the  National  Committee  by  Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford,  Vice -Chairman,  The 
Right.  Hon.  George  Lambert,  Hon  Treasurer,  Ma-jor  A.  Clive  Morrison- 
Bell,  MP.,  P.  E.  Pilditch,  J. p.,  L.C.C,  Sir  George  H.  Radford, 
M.P.,  and  J.  W.  Shawyer. 

Note. — The  Chairman  of  the  Association,  the  Chairman  of  Committee, 
the  Deputy  Chairman,  the  Hon.  Treasurer,  the  Hon.  Assistant  Secre- 
tary, and  the  Hon.  Secretary  are  ex  officio  members  of  the  Committee 
and  of  all  Sub-committees. 


10  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  igiy 


The  Year's  Work. 

As  we  are  manifestly  passing  through  one  of  the  greatest  crises 
in  the  history  of  our  Country,  the  activities  of  London  County 
Societies  have  been  directed  into  channels  generally  recognized 
to  be  more  appropriate  to  the  times  than  the  mere  round  of 
social  events  which  had  been  the  main  characteristic  of  many 
of  them.  The  old  programmes  have  given  place  to  work  of 
a  serious  nature — social  gatherings  have  been  held  solely  for 
the  purpose  of  furthering  good  causes. 

The  requirements  of  County  Regiments  in  course  of  formation 
at  home,  the  provision  of  comforts  for  soldiers  at  the  front  and 
for  sailors  at  sea,  the  feeding  and  clothing  of  prisoners  of  war 
in  enemy  country,  the  provision  for  dependants  at  home,  and 
the  visitation  and  comforting  of  the  wounded,  have  all  received 
due  attention  and  very  great  assistance  from  County  Societies 
in  London.  Large  sums  of  money  have  been  raised,  and  applied 
to  the  best  possible  advantage  in  these  various  directions. 

The  outstanding  feature  of  our  year's  operations  was  the 
formation  of  an  organization  for  the  systematic  visitation  by 
members  of  the  Association  of  the  wounded  soldiers  and  sailors 
from  the  Home  County  lying  in  London  hospitals.  It  was 
felt  that,  however  well  their  physical  needs  might  be  cared  for 
in  the  great  MetropoUtan  hospitals,  many  men  haihng  from 
distant  counties  like  our  own  could  seldom,  if  at  all,  be  visited 
by  their  own  friends  and  relatives.  The  devoted  attention  of 
the  medical  staff  and  the  kindly  ministrations  of  the  nursing 
sisters  still  left  one  aching  void — the  yearning  for  some  hnk 
with  home.  Devon  men  have  been  found  who  have  lain  helpless 
in  hospital  in  London  for  months  without  a  visit  from  their 
own  people,  and  it  will  be  appreciated  how  their  eyes  have 
lighted  up  on  receiving  a  visit  from  some  good  lady  from  "  down 
home."  Manifold  are  the  services  which  in  such  instances  have 
been  rendered  ;  generous  are  the  tributes  which  have  been 
paid  to  the  visitors  by  the  helpless  heroes. 

The  movement  was  inaugurated  by  the  English  County 
Societies'  Conference  under  the  Chairmanship  of  Colonel  E.  T. 
Clifford,  to  whose  enthusiastic  work  much  of  the  general  success 
of  the  movement  has  been  due. 

Colonel  Bruce  Porter,  Commandant  of  the  Third  London 
General  Hospital,  in  an  address  to  the  Conference  on  the  20th 


The  Year's  Work  ii 


March  last,  made  a  powerful  appeal  for  the  project,  remarkinj; 
that  visitation  of,  and  interest  in,  patients  from  their  own 
County  in  particular  very  often  assisted  progress  in  their 
recovery,  and  too  much  could  not  be  done  for  the  brave  fellows 
who  had  suffered  in  the  nation's  cause.  Especially  did  he 
ask  for  sympathy  for  the  very  large  number  of  cases  of  men 
incapacitated  by  nerve  shock  resultant  from  the  terrible  condi- 
tions of  modem  warfare,  or  illness  caused  by  exposure  in  the 
trenches  ;  they  had  done  their  share  equally  with  those  whose 
presence  in  hospital  was  due  to  actual  wounds. 

Some  remarks  of  Sir  William  Robertson,  Chief  of  the  General 
Staff,  at  a  meeting  on  December  7th  last,  also  deserve  to  be 
recorded.  After  saying  that  our  soldiers  and  sailors  are  fighting 
as  they  always  do,  as  they  always  have  done,  and  as  they  always 
will  do,  he  continued  :  "  It  is  needless  for  me  to  say  that  it  is 
the  duty  of  everybody  who  can  to  restore  them  to  health  and 
to  keep  them  in  good  spirits.  A  man  can  give  no  more  than 
his  life  for  his  Country,  and  that  is  what  our  men  are  doing, 
and  it  is  up  to  you  to  do  your  share  in  looking  after  them.  What 
is  wanted  is  real  good  personal  help.  There  needs  to  be  regu- 
larity and  discipline  as  well.  It  is  necessary  for  evervbody  to 
take  a  hand  in  this  work,  and  to  take  it  seriously.  Platitudes 
are  no  good.  They  won't  help  wounded  soldiers.  Somebody 
must  work  and  somebody  must  pay.  That's  what  it  comes  to. 
It's  no  good  merely  desiring  things  ;  we  must  do  them  !  The 
men  greatly  appreciate  being  visited.  Thev  like  to  see  people, 
and  to  discuss  them  afterwards  and  say  what  they  think  about 
them.  So  when  you  go,  go  with  a  cheerful  face.  Cheerfulness 
is  a  duty  of  every  nation  in  time  of  war,  and  every  man  and 
every  woman  who  wears  a  cheerful  face  in  the  time  of  war  is 
performing  a  national  duty,  and  there's  not  the  slightest  reason 
why  you  should  not  be  cheerful  if  you  have  a  clear  conscience." 

The  London  Devonian  Association  is  to  be  sincerely  con- 
gratulated upon  the  success  which  has  attended  its  visitation 
work  by  the  committee  of  ladies.  Miss  Maude  Churchward 
undertook  the  work  of  Honorary  Secretary,  and  it  is  not  too 
much  to  repeat  what  Colonel  Clifford  pubHcly  stated  at  a  recent 
gathering,  that  the  undoubted  success  of  the  actual  working 
of  the  scheme,  so  far  as  Devon  is  concerned,  is  very  largely 
indeed  due  to  her  personality,  her  tact,  and  her  enthusiasm. 
He  added  that  to  the  lady  visitors  the  thanks  of  all  are  due. 
Their  untiring  work,  which  calls  them  out  day  after  day  to 
visit  the  wounded  soldiers,  is  beyond  all  praise  and  thanks.  We 
who  are  unable  to  do  this  work  know  what  it  means  and  appreci- 
ate it  at  its  true  value,  believing  that  the  ladies  themselves 


12  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

will  derive  the  greatest  satisfaction  in  knowing  how  much  their 
work  has  been  appreciated  by  the  wounded  men. 

It  should  be  pointed  out  that,  in  connection  with  the  County 
Folk  Visitation,  the  other  Devonshire  Town  Associations  in 
London  have  been  cordially  invited  to  co-operate,  and  in  some 
instances  have  responded  enthusiastically.  The  Association  do 
not  wish  the  scheme  to  be  regarded  simply  as  a  London  Devonian 
Association  movement,  but  one  in  which  all  Devonians  in 
London,  whatever  Association  they  do  or  do  not  belong  to, 
should  take  a  part. 

Over  twenty  hospitals  have  been  visited,  but  many  still 
remain  without  attention,  and  more  ladies  are  invited  to 
volunteer,  in  order  that  the  work  may  be  complete. 

During  the  year  a  Concert  was  held  on  December  18th,  1915, 
presided  over  by  the  Chairman  of  Committee,  Alderman 
Pinkham,  J. P.,  for  the  Mayoress  of  Exeter's  Hospitality  Fund, 
and  resulted  in  handing  over  to  that  Fund  the  somewhat 
insignificant  sum  of  £]  15s. 

Entirely  different,  however,  was  the  result  of  a  Concert  held 
in  the  King's  Hall,  Holborn  Restaurant,  on  November  17th, 
1916.  About  1450  tickets  were  sold.  The  Concert  was  arranged 
by  our  friend,  Mr.  Charles  Wreford,  and  was  probably  one  of 
the  most  successful  concerts  ever  held  by  any  County  Society 
in  London.  It  gave  the  greatest  possible  pleasure  to  all  present. 
To  make  it  a  financial  success,  the  Ladies'  Committee  did 
heroic  work,  and  the  magnificent  result  was  entirely  due  to 
their  exertions.  Major  the  Hon.  Waldorf  Astor,  M.P.,  took 
the  Chair,  and  made  an  appeal  for  funds,  and  it  is  a  satisfaction 
to  report  that  the  promoters  of  the  Concert  were  able  to  hand 
over  to  our  Visitation  Fund  more  than  £150.  During  the  even- 
ing a  very  pleasant  incident  occurred,  namely,  the  presentation 
by  Colonel  Clifford,  on  behalf  of  the  Ladies'  Committee,  of  a 
bouquet  to  Miss  Maude  Churchward,  the  Honorary  Secretary, 

We  regret  to  record  the  death  of  two  of  our  Vice-Presidents, 
viz.,  Lord  Clifford  of  Chudleigh,  and  Commander  Harry 
Pennell,  R.N. 

Lord  Clifford,  an  obituary  notice  of  whom  appears  elsewhere, 
took  a  very  keen  interest  in  the  affairs  of  the  Association  from 
its  inception.  It  was  only  the  pressure  of  County  work  which 
led  him  to  decline  the  office  of  President  of  the  Association 
after  the  death  of  Lord  Northcote. 

Commander  Harry  Pennell  went  down  in  the  Queen  Mary  in 
the  Battle  of  Jutland.  He  was  educated  at  Exeter  School, 
and  joined  H.M.S.  Britannia  in  1898.  He  was  a  member  of 
Captain   Scott's   Antarctic   Expedition,    and   commanded   the 


The  Years  Work  13 


Terra  Nova  after  the  landing  of  the  shore  parties.  Captain 
Scott  wrote  of  him  :  "  Pennell  is  truly  excellent  in  his  present 
position.  He  is  invariably  cheerful,  unceasingly  watchful,  and 
continuously  ready  for  emergencies.  I  have  come  to  possess 
implicit  confidence  in  him."  Commander  Pennell  received  the 
Royal  Geographical  Society's  medal  and  the  Murchison  Grant 
in  1913,  besides  the  Antarctic  Medal,  and  he  had  also  the  China 
Medal,  1900. 

We  regret  also  to  announce  the  death  of  Mrs.  Cann  Hughes, 
a  Life  Member  of  the  Association,  and  wife  of  one  of  our  Vice- 
Presidents  ;  and  of  Sergt. -Major  W,  H.  Maunder,  R.A.M.C,  an 
enthusiastic  Member,  who,  in  the  early  days  of  the  Association, 
gave  a  popular  lantern  lecture  on  "  A  Tour  in  Devon  "  to  a  large 
audience  in  the  Memorial  Hall,  Farringdon  Street. 

The  Lord  Bishop  of  Exeter,  Vice-President,  has  retired  from 
the  Bishopric,  and  has  been  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Lord  William 
Cecil. 

We  have  to  congratulate  the  Right  Hon,  H.  E.  Duke,  M.P. 
for  Exeter,  Vice-President,  upon  being  appointed  Chief  Secretary 
for  Ireland,  and  Sir  Edwin  A.  Cornwall,  M.P.,  Vice-President, 
upon  being  appointed  Comptroller  of  the  Household. 

We  also  have  to  congratulate  Mr.  George  H.  Radford.  M.P. 
for  IsHngton,  Vice-President,  on  receiving  the  honour  of  knight- 
hood ;  and  the  Rev.  H.  R.  Gamble,  Vice-President,  on  being 
appointed  a  Canon  of  Westminster,  and  Rector  of  St.  John  the 
Evangelist,  Westminster. 

Members  of  the  London  Devonian  Association  will  welcome 
with  peculiar  gratification  the  announcement  of  the  appoint- 
ment of  their  Chairman  of  Committee,  Alderman  Charles 
Pinkham,  to  be  Hon.  Colonel  of  the  6th  Battalion  of  the  Middlesex 
Regiment.  The  following  note  from  the  Willesden  Chronicle 
will  be  read  with  interest  :  "  We  doubt  whether,  since  the  war 
began,  any  civilian  in  all  Middlesex  has  exerted  himself  so 
unsparingly  or  in  such  various  ways  to  aid  the  national  cause. 
It  is  needless  to  particularize  ;  the  record  stands  of  the  multi- 
farious labours  he  has  undertaken  to  raise  recruits  for  the  Army, 
to  organize  the  production  of  munitions,  to  send  comforts  to 
the  men  at  the  Front,  to  provide  hospitals,  and  to  cheer  up 
those  who  have  returned  broken  from  the  Front.  In  all  these 
things  he  has  doubtless  been  greatly  supported,  but  it  is  no 
exaggeration  to  say  that  he  has  led  Willesden,  and  it  is  hard 
to  believe  that  without  his  leading  we  should  have  done  nearly 
as  much.  Therefore  it  is  with  a  unanimous  approval  that 
friends  and  opponents  alike  recognize  the  fitness  of  the  Lord 
Lieutenant's  act  in  awarding  this  distinction — for  such  it  is — 


14  The  Devonian  Year  Book,   1917 

to  our  most  prominent  and  active  citizen.  And  as  he  is  not 
accustomed  to  play  the  part  of  '  dead  head '  in  any  position 
he  may  find  himself  in,  he  will  certainly  not  fail  of  any  demand 
that  may  be  made  upon  him." 

It  will  be  remembered  that  last  year  an  Address  was  presented 
by  the  Association  to  Captain  WilUam  Pillar  for  his  gallantry 
in  saving  the  lives  of  seventy-one  survivors  from  H.M.S. 
Formidable  after  she  had  been  torpedoed  by  a  German  sub- 
marine. It  was,  therefore,  with  considerable  concern  that  we 
recently  learnt  that  the  Brixham  fishing  fleet  had  become  the 
victims  of  a  dastardly  attack,  and  that  his  famous  trawler 
Provident  had  been  sunk.  Altogether  twenty  shots  were  fired 
at  her.  One  brought  down  her  jib  and  another  her  topsail, 
but  none  of  them  sunk  her,  and  she  was  finally  sunk  with  a 
bomb.  The  crew  took  to  their  boats  when  the  first  shot  was 
fired.  "  I  did  not  see  her  go  down,"  said  Captain  Pillar  ;  "  I 
did  see  some  smoke,  but  something  stopped  me  from  seeing 
the  last  of  her."  He  asserted  that  the  Germans  deliberately 
shot  at  his  boat  when  only  about  one  hundred  yards  away. 

At  the  Annual  General  Meeting  of  the  Association,  held  on 
December  7th,  1916,  Colonel  Clifford  presided.  The  Right 
Hon.  the  Earl  of  Halsbury  was  confirmed  in  his  position  of 
President,  and  all  the  other  Oflicers  of  the  Association  were 
re-elected.  Colonel  Pinkham  and  Messrs.  Inman,  Perry,  and 
Taylor,  the  retiring  members  of  the  Committee,  were  also  re- 
appointed. Mr.  George  E.  Bridgeman,  after  doing  very  useful 
work  on  the  Committee  for  the  last  three  years,  did  not  seek 
re-election,  owing  to  his  removal  in  the  Government  service  to 
Hereford,  and  Mr.  J.  W.  Larkworthy,  who  has  for  many  years 
been  an  enthusiastic  supporter  of  the  Association,  was  elected 
in  his  stead. 

The  membership  of  the  Association  has  remained  compara- 
tively stationary.  The  War,  which  influences  all  societies  of 
this  description,  is  primarily  responsible  for  this.  The  Com- 
mittee, after  full  consideration,  came  to  the  unanimous  conclu- 
sion, which  was  endorsed  at  the  last  Annual  General  Meeting, 
that  the  Association  should  not  hold  its  usual  social  functions, 
but  the  absence  of  such  gatherings  has  undoubtedly  been  one 
of  the  causes  of  the  lack  of  new  members.  The  existing  members, 
moreover,  have  not  paid  their  subscriptions  so  promptly  as 
hitherto.  This  is  much  to  be  regretted,  as  the  Year  Book  has 
been  sent  them  in  the  usual  way  at  considerable  cost  to  the 
Association.  Members  who  are  in  arrear  are  urged  to  send 
their  overdue  subscriptions  at  once  to  the  Hon.  Treasurer. 

The  excellent  work  the  Association  is  doing  can  only  be 


The  Year's  Work  15 


continued  and  extended  with  the  active  support,  financial  and 
otherwise,  of  its  members.  There  are  many  thousands  of 
Devonians  in  London  whose  names  ought  to  be  added  to  our 
Hst,  and  we  invite  your  hearty  co-operation  to  swell  the 
membership  by  approaching  all  your  eligible  Devonian  friends 
and  inducing  them  to  send  in  their  apphcations. 

J.  W.  S. 


Men  of   Devon. 

Some  men  there  be  who  roam  the  earth 

Unclaimed  by  any  sky  ; 
Strange  to  the  land  that  gave  them  birth, 

And  careless  where  they  die. 

But  we  who  hear  the  grey  seas  roar 

To  north  and  south,  and  feel, 
Remote  from  Hfe,  the  lonely  moor 

Set  on  our  souls  its  seal; 

Or  breathe  indifferently  the  air 

Of  beauty,  and  so  seem, 
Unmoved  by  all  the  world  holds  fair. 

Too  hard  and  rough  to  dream — 

We,  making  home  or  fugitive 

In  foreign  lands,  defend 
Our  hearts  unconsciously  and  Uve 

As  exiles  to  the  end. 

Ah  !  you  must  be  of  Devon  bom 

If  you  would  know  what  lies 
For  us  within  her  mists  at  mom 

And  in  her  evening  skies  ! 

W.  G.  Hole. 
["  Men  of  Devon  " — Cecil  Palmer  and  Hayward.] 


i6  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  i.<^i.y 


County    Folk    Visitation    of   Wounded 

Soldiers  and  Sailors  in  London 

Hospitals. 

The  scheme  initiated  by  the  Chairman  of  the  London  Devonian 
Association,  and  elaborated  by  the  EngUsh  Counties  Societies, 
has  for  its  object  the  ameUoration  of  the  lot  of  our  fighting 
men  broken  in  the  War  and  lying  in  London  hospitals. 

It  was  felt  that  men  accustomed  to  an  active  healthy  life, 
suddenly  placed,  weakened  by  wounds  and  racked  with  pain, 
in  strange  hospitals,  far  from  their  native  town  or  village,  and 
beyond  the  reach  of  friendly  visitors,  had  claims  upon  the 
thoughts  and  services  of  the  folk  who  came  from  their  own 
part  of  the  country  ;  and  it  was  also  felt  that  Devon  folk  at 
any  rate  would  willingly  and  cheerfully  do  whatever  lay  in 
their  power  to  banish  the  loneliness  and  provide  the  tonic  of 
friendliness  and  ministry  of  County  brotherhood  which  were 
just  what  hospitals,  however  well  organized  for  anticipating 
and  providing  healing  and  bodily  needs,  were  yet  unable  to 
supply. 

The  Celtic  element  in  Devon  men  makes  this  service  more 
necessary  than  is  the  case  with  men  of  less  imagination  hailing 
from  shires  where  the  more  phlegmatic  Saxon  element  pre- 
dominates ;  and,  judging  from  letters  which  lady  visitors  have 
received  from  the  men  they  have  visited,  their  friendly  visits 
have  been  eagerly  anticipated,  heartily  welcomed,  and  grate- 
fully appreciated. 

The  scheme  of  visitation  was  outlined  at  a  special  meeting 
of  the  London  Devonian  Association  held  at  the  Cannon  Street 
Hotel  last  March.  The  ladies  present  were  formed  into  a 
Committee,  and  Miss  Maude  Churchward  was  elected  Secretary. 
This  lady  has  proved  herself  in  this  connection  a  born  organizer, 
as  the  unparallelled  success  of  the  concert  she  arranged  in 
conjunction  with  Mr.  C.  W.  Wreford  at  the  King's  Hall, 
Holbom  Restaurant,  amply  evidenced.  This  concert  had  for 
its  object  the  provision  of  funds  to  continue  the  visitation  work  ; 
and  those  who  enjoyed  the  musical  treat,  and  experienced  the 
social  atmosphere  which  a  gathering  of  well  over  1000  Devonians 


Visitation  of  the  Wounded  ly 

created  on  that  occasion,  will  be  glad  to  know  that  the  financial 
results  of  Miss  Churchward's  efforts  were  not  less  successful 
than  the  social  and  musical  medium  by  which  they  were 
raised. 

The  actual  visitation  was  quickly  put  into  operation  by  the 
Ladies'  Committee,  and  from  April  to  December  about  180 
men  have,  week  by  week,  been  visited  in  thirty  hospitals,  each 
man  receiving  at  each  visit  some  little  token  of  good  will  in  the 
shape  of  smokes,  fruit,  or  other  comforts.  On  Christmas  Day 
a  special  gift  was  provided  for  every  man,  and  most  of  the  lady 
visitors  spent  the  afternoon  at  the  hospitals. 

Many  of  the  cases  visited  have  been  of  an  interesting  nature  : 
a  Whipton  man,  in  King  George's  Hospital,  is  the  holder  of  the 
coveted  D.C.M.  ;  and  a  Cadbury  man  (a  sergeant-major),  who 
has  been  visited,  was  mentioned  in  Field-Marshal  Lord  French's 
dispatches  for  gallantry  with  the  9th  Dcvons  at  Neuve  Chapelle  ; 
another  9th  Devons  man  (a  lance-corporal)  was  badly  burnt 
all  over  by  liquid  fire  ;  the  doctors  despaired  of  his  recovery, 
but  he  was  ultimately  completely  cured,  largely  through  his 
cheerful  and  optimistic  disposition.  A  Torquay  lad  of  19, 
badly  wounded  in  the  side,  underw'cnt  several  operations,  but 
it  is  doubtful  if  he  will  ever  again  be  able  to  walk  properly  ; 
the  visitor  condoling  with  him  was  met  with  the  assurance  that 
he  felt  it  an  honour  to  have  thus  suffered  for  his  country. 
Another  Torquay  lad  of  20,  in  Tooting  Hospital,  who  h^s  lost 
a  le;^,  yet  mani  fests  a  cheery  disposition,  and  maintains  wonder- 
fully good  spirits,  always  greeting  his  visitors  wit  1  a  1  earty 
welcome.  A  Tiverton  man,  belonging  to  the  Connaught  Rangers, 
who  had  been  a  prisoner  of  war  in  Turkey,  and  was  suffering 
from  nerve  shock,  was  visited  at  King's  College  Hospital, 
Denmark  Hill ;  he  has  now  passed  from  that  hospital  to  a 
convalescent  home,  and  his  recovery  was  undoubtedly  aided 
by  the  sympathetic  ministrations  of  the  lady  visitors.  Many 
other  cases  could  be  cited  of  men  who  have  lost  limbs  or  been 
otherwise  incapacitated  in  the  service  of  their  country,  and 
the  testimony  of  all  the  visitors  is  that  almost  without 
exception  the  men's  sufferings  are  being  uncomplainingly  and 
even  cheerfully  borne  ;  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the 
sound  of  their  County  speech  and  the  anticipation  of  the 
weekly  visits  have  helped  to  keep  up  their  spirits  and  have 
created  a  feeling  that  their  sufferings  have  won  them  friend- 
ships which  have  been  valued  on  both  sides. 

In  addition  to  the  hospital  visitation,  the  Ladies'  Committee 
has  been  able  in  about  a  dozen  cases  to  assist  wives  and  mothers 
to  come  up  from  Devon  to  visit  their  wounded — visits  which 

2 


i8  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

would  otherwise  have  been  impossible — and  these  relatives  have 
been  entertained  and  looked  after  during  their  stay  in  London. 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  good  work  inaugurated  by  Colonel 
Clifford,  and  made  easier  by  the  system  of  notification  which 
he  arranged  with  the  commandants  of  the  various  hospitals, 
has  been  well  followed  up  and  carried  out  by  the  ladies  of  his 
own  County  Association. 

Every  Devonian  in  London  should  support  this  work,  and 
see  to  it  that  every  Devon  man,  whether  he  be  soldier  or  sailor, 
and  every  man  who  belongs  to  our  gallant  County  Regiment, 
if  he  be  brought  wounded  or  ill  to  a  London  hospital,  receives, 
in  addition  to  the  care  and  skill  of  the  hospital  staff,  the  personal 
interest,  sympathy,  and  friendship  of  a  Devon  lady  visitor, 
and  is  thereby  helped  to  make  a  quicker  and  better  recovery, 
or  is,  at  least,  assured  that  his  sacrifice  has  been  valued  and 
acknowledged  by  a  representative  of  his  own  County  who  has 
expressed  by  the  little  comforts  and  attentions,  which  count 
for  so  much,  the  appreciation  of  his  County  as  well  as  his 
Country  of  the  splendid  spirit  which  from  top  to  bottom  has 
animated  our  Armv  and  Navy  alike  in  this  day  of  England's 
trial.  "  F.  A.  P. 


Compassion. 


"  I  WAS  anhungred,  and  ye  gave  me  meat ;  I  thirsted,  and  ye 
gave  me  drink ;  I  was  harbourless,  and  ye  lodged  me  ;  I  was 
naked,  and  ye  clothed  me  ;  I  was  sick,  and  ye  visited  me  ;  I  was 
in  prison,  and  ye  came  unto  me." 

"  Master,  when  saw  we  thee  anhungred,  and  fed  thee ;  or 
athirst,  and  gave  thee  drink  ?  When  saw  we  thee  harbourless, 
and  lodged  thee  ;  or  naked,  and  clothed  thee  ?  or  when  saw  we 
thee  sick,  or  in  prison,  and  came  unto  thee  ? 

"  Verily  I  say  unto  you,  in  as  much  as  ye  have  done  it  unto 
one  of  the  least  of  these  my  brethren,  ye  have  done  it  unto  me." 

St.  Matthew. 
[Tyndale's  translation.] 


/^ 


DRAKE'S    STATUE    ON     PLYMOUTH     HOE. 

By  Sir  J.  E.  Boehm,  R.A. 


Of>/osite  />.  ig. 


A  Tribute  to  Drake  19 


A  Tribute  to  Drake. 

The   Significance    of    Drake's    Drum. 

Everybody  knows  Kingsley's  vivid  description  in  Westward  Ho  f 
of  the  gathering  of  the  whole  posse  comitaius  of  "  England's 
forgotten  worthies  "  in  the  little  terrace  bowling-green  behind 
the  Pelican  Inn  on  Plymouth  Hoe,  on  the  afternoon  of  the 
nineteenth  of  July,  in  the  year  1588.  Chief  among  them  is  a 
"  short,  sturdy,  plainly-dressed  man,  who  stands  with  legs 
a  little  apart,  and  hands  behind  his  back,  looking  up,  with 
keen  grey  eyes,  into  the  face  of  each  speaker.  His  cap  is  in 
his  hands,  so  you  can  see  the  bullet  head  of  crisp  brown  hair 
and  the  wrinkled  forehead,  as  well  as  the  high  cheek-bones, 
the  short  square  face,  the  broad  temples,  the  thick  lips,  which 
are  yet  firm  as  granite.  A  coarse  plebeian  stamp  of  man  :  yet 
the  whole  figure  and  attitude  are  that  of  boundless  determina- 
tion, self-possession,  energy  ;  and  when  at  last  he  speaks  a 
few  blunt  words,  all  eyes  are  turned  respectfully  upon  him  ; 
for  his  name  is  Francis  Drake." 

"  He  was  playing  at  Plymouth  a  rubber  of  bowls 
When  the  great  Armada  came  ; 
But  he  said,  '  They  must  jvait  their  turn,  good  souls,' 
And  he  stooped,  and  finished  the  game." 

And  it  was  not  until  the  afternoon  of  the  following  day — 
Saturday,  July  20th — that  the  Armada  reached  Plymouth,  and 
found  the  English  fleet  prepared  to  give  it  a  warm  reception. 
So  it  was  the  afternoon  of  this  date,  July  20th,  in  the  year  1916, 
that  was  chosen  by  the  members  of  the  London  Devonian 
Association  who  were  present  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Devonshire  Association  at  Plymouth,  as  the  most  fitting 
occasion  to  do  honour  to  their  hero  at  his  statue  on  the  Hoe. 
Among  these  members  were  Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford,  V.D.,  Chair- 
man of  the  Association,  Alderman  C.  Pinkham,  J. P.,  Chairman 
of  Committee,  R.  Pearse  Chope,  Deputy  Chairman  and  Editor 
of  Year  Book,  Sir  Roper  Lethbridge,  K.C.I.E.,  Vice-President, 
Lady  Radford,  H.  Michell  Whitley,  M.Inst.C.E.,  Vice-President, 
H.  Tapley-Soper,  Vice-President,  G.  W.  Davey,  Maxwell  Adams, 
J.  S.  Amery,  Rev.  J.  F.  Chanter,  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  C.  H.  Laycock, 
A.  Small,  and  E.  Windeatt  ;  and  many  other  members  of  the 
Devonshire    Association    were    also    present.    The    following 


20  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


account  of  the  proceedings  was  given  in  the   Wertern  Daily 
Mercury  of  July  21st  : — 

"  If  not  without  precedent,  at  least  many  years  have  elapsed 
since  so  noble  a  tribute  to  Drake  has  been  paid  as  that  of 
yesterday,  when,  on  behalf  of  the  London  Devonian  Association, 
Mrs.  Clifford,  wife  of  Colonel  Clifford,  Chairman  of  the  Associ- 
ation, placed  an  exquisite  wreath  at  the  foot  of  the  statue  on 
the  Hoe.  Beautiful  blooms  of  red,  white,  and  blue  tints  blended 
with  wonderful  effect,  and  as  the  lower  part  of  the  trophy  is 
composed  of  artificial  flowers  the  hope  has  been  expressed  that 
it  will  be  allowed  to  remain  at  its  present  resting-place.  Accom- 
panying the  wreath  was  a  large  card,  on  which  was  printed  :-- 

To  the  Glory  of  God, 

In  honour 

of  the  British  Navy 

and  of 

the  immortal  memory  of 

DRAKE, 

England's  great  warrior  navigator. 

Whose  deeds  preserved  this  Empire  in  her 

hour  of  peril,  and  whose  teaching 

will  save  us  to-day. 

This  is  a  tribute  from  the  London  Devonian 

Association. 

"  Colonel  CUfford  remarked  that,  although  unable  to  com- 
memorate Armada  Day  as  originally  intended,  the  members  of 
the  Association  who  were  attending  the  meeting  of  the  Devon- 
shire Association  desired  to  express  their  thanks  to  the  civic 
authorities  for  having  granted  permission  to  lay  the  wreath  at 
the  foot  of  the  statue. 

"  He  reminded  them  that  Devonian  societies  all  over  the 
world  were  united  in  celebrating  Armada  Day  as  Devon's  Day, 
recognizing  the  transcendent  importance  of  the  great  fight  which 
took  place  over  three  hundred  years  ago  across  the  blue  sea 
which  was  now  spread  before  the  gaze  of  that  company.  They 
had  adopted  Drake  as  their  hero  not  only  for  the  great  part 
he  took  in  that  event,  but  because  of  his  character  and  teaching, 
and  the  enormous  advantages  which  had  flowed  to  them  from 
his  action  and  teaching. 

"  In  the  great  war  that  is  now  being  waged  be  assured  that 
we  shall  triumphantly  emerge,  largely  because  of  our  Navy, 
which  has  generously  adopted  Drake's  principles  of  naval  war. 
and  also  because  the  spirit  of  Drake  is  still  with  us,  and  still 
animates  the  people  of  this  Empire.  That  is  the  true  significance 
of  Drake's  Drum.  Confidence,  resolution,  bravery,  and  patriot- 
ism were  Drake's  characteristics.  Let  us  follow  so  great  an 
exemplar.'      (Applause.) 


DRAKE'S     DRUM. 

From    "  The  Family  and  Heirs  of  Sir  Francis  Drake,"  by  permissirn  OJ 
Lady  Eliott-Drake  and  Messrs.  Smith,  Elder  dr*  Co. 


(jpiosite  p,  21, 


A   Tribute  io  Drake  21 


It  is  a  curious  fact  that  the  legend  of  Drake's  Drum  is  still 
a  living  force.  Mr.  Alfred  Noyes,  writing  in  The  Times  of 
August  28th.  1916,  says  :— 

"  There  is  a  tale  in  Devonshire  that  Sir  Francis  Drake  has 
not  merely  listened  for  his  drum,  durinjj;  the  last  300  years, 
but  has  also  heard  and  answered  it  on  more  than  one  naval 
occasion.  It  was  heard,  as  the  men  of  the  Brixham  trawlers 
can  testify,  about  a  hundred  years  ago,  when  a  little  man, 
under  the  pseudonym  of  Nelson  (for  all  Devonshire  knows  that 
Nelson  was  a  reincarnation  of  Sir  Francis)  went  sailing  by  to 
Trafalgar.* 

"  It  was  only  a  little  before  the  great  naval  action  in  the 
North  Sea — perhaps  the  greatest  British  victory  since  Trafa'gar 
— that  word  came  from  the  Brixham  trawlers  again.  They 
had  '  heard  Drake's  drum  beat  '  and  were  now  assured  that 
the  ghost  of  Sir  Francis  Drake  was  inhabiting  the  body  of  Sir 
John  Jellicoe. 

"  There  is  good  reason  why  the  trawlers  should  be  aware  of 
this  first  ;  for  it  is  among  the  3000  odd  trawlers,  drifters,  and 
other  fishing  craft  of  the  British  auxiliary  fleet  that  the  seamen 
who  broke  the  Armada  would  find  themselves  most  at  home 
to-day.  In  this  host  of  auxiharies  England  has,  in  fact,  brought 
to  life  again  and  organized  on  a  huge  scale,  with  certain  modern 
improvements,  the  men  and  the  fleets  of  Drake  and  Hawkins  ; 
and  it  is  these  fleets  and  these  men  that  have  struck  terror 
into  the  German  submarines  and  driven  them  from  the  seas." 

And,  again,  in  The  Times  of  September  29th,  1916,  a  corres- 
pondent contributes  an  interesting  article,  which  is  here  reprinted 
by  special  permission  : — 

HEARD    AT    SEA. 
The    Dreamer    and   the   Drum. 

'■  Drake  is  fighting  for  England  again. 
Pinnace  and  galleon  are  at  it  amain. 
In  foul  weather  and  flying  scud 
There's  reek  of  powder  and  smell  of  blood. 
Hear  creak  of  yards  and  crack  of  sheet. 
The  patter  on  deck  of  unshod  feet. 
Day  or  night  you  can  hear  a  fight ; 
Lie  by  the  clitl  and  its  just  as  if 
The  Don  and  El  Draque  were  at  it  amain — 
It's  Drake  fighting  for  England  again." 

"  As  it  is  my  own  particular  village,  I  will  not  give  you  explicit 
directions  how  to  get  there,  but  you  cannot  get  to  it  by  train 

*  See  "  The  Admiral's  Cihost,"  pp.  24-6. 


22  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 7 

and  the  roads  forbid  the  motor-car.  It  is  a  Uttle  half-moon 
village  with  a  stone  quay  edging  the  cluster  of  brown  houses. 
There  are  red-sailed  boats  and  brown-faced  fisher-folk.  There 
is  a  miniature  ale-house,  the  sign  of  the  Dragon,  named  for 
El  Draque  or  Sir  Francis,  whichever  you  please  to  call  him. 
You  go  down  into  the  village  by  a  hundred  steps,  past  drying 
nets  and  piled  oars  and  masts  from  the  Httle  craft  in  the  bay. 
Turn  to  your  left  and  skirt  the  crescent  until  you  come  to  where 
the  stone  quay  ends  and  the  beach  begins.  There  is  a  scant 
hundred  yards  of  this,  and  then  the  path  rises,  fringing  the 
cliffs.  Climb  up  and  on  until  you  get  to  a  little  green  mound 
with  a  stone  set  atop  of  it.  Then  sit  down  and  fill  a  pipe.  If 
you  do  not  smoke,  then  you  will  miss  much,  for  tobacco  is  at 
its  best  up  there  in  the  fresh,  sweet  air.  This  is  how  I  went  to 
the  place  a  few  days  ago. 

"  I  had  not  been  sittmg  long  when  I  heard  a  voice  behind  me 
and,  turning,  saw  an  oldish  man  standing  back  of  the  mound. 
He  had  a  thin  grey  beard  that  showed  up  on  his  brown  face 
like  white  orchard  moss  on  brown  apple  bark.  He  had  heavy 
gold  earrings  in  his  ears  and  he  smoked  a  small-bowled,  thin 
clay  pipe,  black  and  shiny,  which  he  fondled  lovingly. 

"  '  A  good  morning  to  you,  sir,'  he  said  as  he  sat  near  me. 

"  '  Good  morning,'  I  said.     '  Are  you  from  the  village  ?  ' 

"  '  One  time  I  was,'  he  answered,  '  but  I  live  up  there  away 
now,'  and  he  pointed  to  the  little  church  which  now  stands 
alone  on  the  down,  but  which  was  once  the  centre  of  a  village 
like  the  one  below,  '  D'ye  hear  it  .^  '  said  the  old  fellow  suddenly. 
'  You  can  hear  the  roll  of  it.  It's  just  as  he  told  us  'twould  be, 
and  it  means  what  he  said,  too.' 

"  '  Those  are  the  guns  in  France,'  I  said,  for  you  could  hear 
them  muttering  ceaselessly  over  the  water. 

"  '  Guns  ?  '  he  said  smilingly  ;  '  they're  not  guns.  It's  the 
dnmi  rolUng — Frankie's  drum,  as  he  said  it  would.  He's  afloat 
.igain  and  away  up  Channel.'  He  carefully  knocked  the  ashes 
from  his  pipe,  and  I  passed  him  my  pouch,  which  he  had  some 
difficulty  in  opening.  He  filled  his  pipe  and  pressed  the  red- 
hot  dottle  from  the  ashes  of  his  last  fill  on  the  top.  '  This  is 
a  quaint  weed,  surely,'  he  said.  '  'Tis  soft  in  flavour,  but  sweet 
smoking.  This  of  mine  now  is  not  as  new  as  it  might  have 
been  once,  but  it  was  brought  to  this  country  in  the  Heart's 
Desire  on  her  last  run  from  Virginia.  Benjamin  Capel,  master 
mariner,  is  as  good  judge  of  tobacco  as  he  is  sailor  or  fighter. 
Many  a  packet  of  good  brown  leaf  he's  brought  me,  and  once 
Frankie  himself  smoked  some  of  it  with  me  when  he  lay  at  the 
Dragon.     There's  the  drum  again  !     Listen  to  it,  listen.     It's 


A  Tribute  to  Drake  23 


a  sign  for  all  of  England's  enemies,  but  it's  mostly  a  sign  for  us, 
so  I  take  it.  That's  as  he  meant  it,  I  think.  When  we  hear 
it  we  are  to  remember  all  we  fight  for.  Some  say  we  fight  for 
the  present,  some  for  the  years  that  come.  Both  be  right,  but 
I  have  a  mind  we  fight  for  the  past  as  well.  It  is  not  every 
nation  that  can  sav  so,  for  many  of  them  be  upstarts.  Listen 
here  o'  nights,  and  vou  will  hear  it  all.  There's  the  sound  of 
cannon  and  the  crash  of  shot  through  oak  timbers.  I've  heard 
it,  with  the  cries  of  the  d  ing  and  the  maimed.  I've  passed  the 
shot  in  a  chain  of  hands  from  the  locker  to  the  guns.  See  that 
old  iron  there  ?  '—and  he  kicked  a  rib  of  iron  in  the  stone  slab 
by  his  feet — '  that's  part  of  the  basket  of  Cliff  Beacon  that  I 
ht  with  these  hands  night  of  Armada's  coming.  Then  I  got 
me  down  and  joined  Frankic.  Yes,  that's  Drake,  his  drum 
sounding — there  are  no  two  ways  about  it.  It's  not  the  guns 
in  France.     And  it  means  we  win,  as  Drake  won.' 

"  Saying  this,  he  turned  and  bade  me  good-bye.  '  What's 
your  name  ?  '  I  called  after  him  as  he  went  down  the  far  slope 
of  the  mound.     '  John  Treadwell,'  he  called  back. 

"  I  got  up  from  the  mound,  for  it  was  time  to  go,  and  I  thought 
I  might  as  well  walk  back  with  my  acquaintance.  But  when 
I  went  to  the  other  side  of  the  knoll  there  was  no  one  in  view, 
and  that  was  strange,  for  the  country  was  flat  and  the  path 
stretched  away  towards  the  church. 

"  I  walked  under  the  little  lych-gate  and  through  the  church- 
yard. I  do  not  know  what  led  me  aside,  but  I  stopped  to  read 
the  writing  on  a  grey  headstone  : — 

Here  lyes  the  Bodie  of 

JOHNNE   TREADWELL, 

Of  Thys  Parish, 

Who  Died  on  Hys  Shippe  When  Fighting  the  Spaniard. 

"  As  I  went  back  through  the  village  the  inn-keeper  greeted 
me.     '  Guns  be  noisy  this  morning,  sir,'  he  said. 

"  '  Those  aren't  guns,'  I  said.  '  That's  Drake's  drum.'  And 
I  left  him  gaping  after  me  perple.xedly  as  I  climbed  the  steep 
stone  steps." 


24  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1916 


The  Admirars  Ghost. 

{By  special  permission  of  the  Author.) 

I  TELL  you  a  tale  to-night 

Which  a  seaman  told  to  me, 
With  eyes  that  gleamed  in  the  lanthorn  light 

And  a  voice  as  low  as  the  sea. 

You  could  almost  hear  the  stars 

Twinking  up  in  the  sky, 
And  the  old  wind  woke  and  moaned  in  the  spars, 

And  the  same  old  waves  went  by, 

Singing  the  same  old  song 

As  ages  and  ages  ago, 
While  he  froze  my  blood  in  that  deep-sea  night 

With  the  things  that  he  seemed  to  know. 

A  bare  foot  pattered  on  deck  ; 

Ropes  creaked  ;    then — all  grew  still, 
And  he  pointed  his  finger  straight  in  my  face 

And  growled,  as  a  sea-dog  will. 

"  Do  'ee  know  who  Nelson  was  ? 

That  pore  little  shrivelled  form 
With  the  patch  on  his  eye  and  the  pinned-up  sleeve, 

And  a  soul  like  a  North  Sea  storm  ? 

"  Ask  of  the  Devonshire  men  ! 

They  know,  and  they'll  tell  you  true  ; 
He  wasn't  the  pore  little  chawed-up  chap 

That  Hardy  thought  he  knew. 

"  He  wasn't  the  man  you  think  ! 

His  patch  was  a  dern  disguise  ! 
For  he  knew  that  they'd  find  him  out,  d'you  see. 

If  they  looked  him  in  both  his  eyes. 

"  He  was  twice  as  big  as  he  seemed  ; 

But  his  clothes  were  cunningly  made. 
He'd  both  of  his  hairy  arms  all  right ! 

The  sleeve  was  a  trick  of  the  trade. 

"  You've  heard  of  sperrits,  no  doubt ; 

Well,  there's  more  in  the  matter  than  that ! 
But  he  wasn't  the  patch  and  he  wasn't  the  sleeve, 

And  he  wasn't  the  lace  cocked-hat. 


The  Admiral's  Ghost  25 


"  Nelson  was  jtist~a  Ghost  ! 

You  may  laugh  !     But  the  Devonshire  men 
They  knew  that  he'd  come  when  England  called, 

And  they  know  that  he'll  come  again. 

"  I'll  tell  you  the  way  it  was 

(For  none  of  the  landsmen  know), 

And  to  tell  it  you  right,  you  must  go  a-starn 
Two  hundred  years  or  so. 

4c  4t  *  «  * 

"  The  waves  were  lapping  and  slapping 

The  same  as  they  are  to-day  ; 
And  Drake  lay  dying  aboard  his  ship 

In  Nombre  Dios  Bay. 

"  The  scent  of  the  foreign  flowers 

Came  floating  all  around  ; 
'  But  I'd  give  my  soul  for  the  smell  o'  the  pitch.' 

Says  he,  '  in  Plymouth  Sound. 

"  '  What  shall  I  do,'  he  says, 

'  When  the  guns  begin  to  roar. 
An'  England  wants  me,  and  me  not  there 

To  shatter  'er  foes  once  more  ?  ' 

("  You've  heard  what  he  said,  maybe. 
But  I'll  mark  you  the  p'ints  again  ; 

For  I  want  you  to  box  your  compass  right 
And  get  my  story  plain.)* 

"  '  You  must  take  my  drum,'  he  says, 

'  To  the  old  sea-wall  at  home  ; 
And  if  ever  you  strike  that  drum,'  he  says, 

'  Why,  strike  me  blind,  I'll  come  ! 

"  '  If  England  needs  mc,  dead 

Or  hving,  I'll  rise  that  day  ! 
I'll  rise  from  the  darkness  under  the  sea 

Ten  thousand  miles  away.' 

"  That's  what  he  said  ;   and  he  died  ; 

An'  his  pirates,  listenin'  roun'. 
With  their  crimson  doublets  and  jewelled  swords 

That  flashed  as  the  sun  went  down, 

"  They  sewed  him  up  in  his  shroud 

With  a  round-shot  top  and  toe, 
To  sink  him  under  the  salt  sharp  sea 

Where  all  good  seamen  go. 


26  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

"  They  lowered  him  down  in  the  deep, 

And  there  in  the  sunset  Ught 
They  boomed  a  broadside  over  his  grave, 

As  meanin'  to  say  '  Good-night.' 

"  They  sailed  away  in  the  dark 

To  the  dear  httle  isle  they  knew ; 
And  they  hung  his  drum  by  the  old  sea-wall 

The  same  as  he  told  them  to. 

*  4c  >|c  )|c  * 

"  Two  hundred  years  went  by, 

And  the  guns  began  to  roar, 
And  England  was  fighting  hard  for  her  life, 

As  ever  she  fought  of  yore. 

"  '  It's  only  my  dead  that  count,' 

She  said,  as  she  says  to-day ; 
'  It  isn't  the  ships  and  it  isn't  the  guns 

'Ull  sweep  Trafalgar's  Bay.' 

"  Do  you  guess  who  Nelson  was  ? 

You  may  laugh,  but  it's  true  as  true  ! 
There  was  more  in  that  pore  httle  chawed-up  chap 

Than  ever  his  best  friend  knew. 

"  The  foe  was  creepin'  close. 

In  the  dark,  to  our  white-cliffcd  isle ; 
They  were  ready  to  leap  at  England's  throat, 

When — O,    you    may    smile,    you    may    smile ; 

"  But — ask  of  the  Devonshire  men  ; 

For  they  heard  in  the  dead  of  night 
The  roll  of  a  drum,  and  they  saw  him  pass 

On  a  ship  all  shining  white. 

"  He  stretched  out  his  dead  cold  face 

And  he  sailed  in  the  grand  old  way  ! 
The  fishes  had  taken  an  eye  and  an  arm, 

But  he  swept  Trafalgar's  Bay. 

"  Nelson — was  Francis  Drake  ! 

O,  what  matters  the  uniform. 
Or  the  patch  on  your  eye  or  your  pinned-up  sleeve, 

If  your  soul's  like  a  North  Sea  storm  ?  " 

Alfred  Noyes. 
["  Collected  Poems  " — Blackwood.] 


Lord  Clifford  oj  Chudleigh  27 


Lord  Clifford  of   Chudleigh, 

V.D..   A.D.C. 

It  is  with  much  regret  that  we  have  to  record  the  death  of  one 
of  our  Vice-Presidents,  Lewis  Henrv  Hugh  Clifford,  9th  Baron 
CHfford  of  Chudleigh  in  the  peerage  of  England.  This  sad 
event  took  place  on  July  19th,  1916,  at  his  Devonshire  home, 
Ugbrooke  Park.  Born  on  August  24th,  1851,  at  Albano,  in 
Italv,  he  was  in  his  65th  >ear.  He  was  educated  at  Ston^  hurst 
Roman  Catholic  College,  took  the  B.A,  degree  in  London 
Universitv  in  1872,  and  ten  years  later  was  called  to  the  Bar 
at  the  Middle  Temple.  He  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  peer 
ever  called  to  the  Bar,  as  Lord  Coleridge  is  the  first  peer  who 
ever  practised.  In  1890  he  married  Mabel  Ann,  daughter  of 
Colonel  John  Townelev,  of  Towneley,  but  leaves  no  issue,  the 
title  falling  to  his  brother,  the  Hon.  William  Hugh  Clifford, 
who  was  bom  in  1858,  and  has  been  living  in  Tasmania. 

In  1873  he  went  to  America,  and  joined  a  force  of  troops 
under  General  Custer  engaged  in  protecting  the  surveying  party 
for  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway.  While  he  was  with  this 
force,  one  or  two  small  fights  with  the  Indians  took  place,  during 
which  General  Custer  insisted  upon  the  band  playing  whilst 
under  fire,  but  "  whether  it  was  '  Hail,  Columbia '  or  '  The 
Star-Spangled  Banner,'  "  Lord  CHfford  once  remarked,  "nobody 
was  ever  able  to  say."  In  1875  he  went  to  India  with  Lord 
Ebrington,  now  Earl  Fortescue,  to  witness  the  reception  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  afterwards  King  Edward  VII.  From  India 
he  went  to  China  and  Japan,  and  on  his  way  back  to  England 
again  visited  America.  He  indulged  in  another  long  trip  in 
1882,  when  he  paid  a  visit  to  Australia  and  New  Zealand,  where 
many  of  his  relations  were  among  the  early  settlers. 

Lord  Clifford  from  his  earliest  years  recognized  the  duties 
his  position  imposed  on  him.  He  possessed  considerable 
versatility.  A  keen  sportsman,  a  good  shot,  and  one  of  the 
best  amateur  actors  in  society,  he  gave  a  large  share  of  his  life 
to  public  work.  As  a  magistrate  and  deputy-lieutenant  of 
Devon,  and  a  chairman  of  Quarter  Sessions,  he  administered 
justice  impartially  with  a  decided  leaning  towards  mercy.  He 
further  served  his  county  as  an  alderman,  and  did  excellent 
work  as  chairman  of  its  Education  Committee,  until  failing 


28  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

health  in  1913  compelled  him  to  relinquish  the  office.  His 
lordship's  sense  of  fairness  and  breadth  of  view,  and  his  exercise 
of  that  charity  which  thinketh  no  evil,  greatly  contributed  to 
the  smooth  and  efficient  administration  of  the  new  education 
regime.  Until  the  Home  Rule  split  of  1885  he  was  in  poUtics 
a  1  iberal  of  moderate  views;  then  he  became  a  tower  of  strength 
to  the  Unionist  cause  in  Devon,  speaking  at  many  of  the  party's 
demonstrations,  and  by  his  influence  often  obtaining  the  presence 
of  some  of  its  stalwarts. 

But  perhaps  the  greatest  service  he  rendered  to  his  country 
was  in  connection  with  the  Volunteer  and  Territorial  Forces. 
Long  ago  he  won  his  V.D.  In  the  promotion  of  their  interest 
he  did  not  spare  time,  effort,  or  money.  He  was  Lieut-Col. 
commanding  the  old  5th  Devon  Volunteer  Infantry  Regiment 
from  1881  to  1901,  and  Hon.  Colonel  of  the  BattaUon  from 
1903  to  1908,  with  the  temporary  rank  of  Colonel  in  the  Army. 
He  commanded  the  Devon  Volunteer  Infantry  Brigade  from  1901 
to  1908,  and  the  Devon  and  Cornwall  Infantry  Brigade  from 
1908  to  191 1,  and  was  A.D.C.  to  King  Edward  VII.  for  Volunteers 
from  1901  to  1910.  When  the  Devon  Territorial  Force  Associ- 
ation was  formed  in  1908,  he  became  its  vice-chairman,  and 
had  held  the  office  ever  since;  and  at  the  outbreak  of  the  War 
he  did  not  a  little  to  promote  recruiting. 

From  1881,  when  he  succeeded  to  the  title,  he  had  been  a 
member  of  the  House  of  Lords.  There  he  rarely  spoke  except 
on  matters  relating  to  our  auxiliary  forces,  of  which  he  was 
always  a  warm  champion.  Only  in  one  direction  did  he 
endeavour  to  initiate  legislation  :  he  was  the  author  of  the 
Movable  Dwellings  Bill,  a  laudable  attempt  to  ameliorate  the 
lot  of  gipsies  and  their  children,  but  the  W  ar  prevented  it  from 
becoming  law. 

He  was  a  devout  Roman  Catholic,  and,  like  many  of  his 
forebears,  a  Count  of  the  Holy  Roman  Empire.  His  grand- 
father, after  the  death  of  his  wife,  took  orders  and  became  a 
Cardinal,  and  one  of  his  uncles  was  Bishop  of  CHfton.  His 
intervention  at  the  sale  of  the  historic  Abbey  of  Marmoutier  by 
Tours  earned  him  the  gratitude  not  only  of  his  co-religionists,  but 
also  of  archaeologists  of  all  religions.  To  him,  too,  was  mainly 
due  the  re-establishment  of  Buckfast  Abbey  on  its  ancient  site, 
and  to  the  arms  of  this  restored  foundation  have  now  been 
added,  according  to  ancient  precedent,  the  arms  of  the  House 
of  Clifford. 


Died  for  their  Country  29 


Jiieti  for  ti)cir  (iTountri). 

AcLAND. — Killed  in  action  before  July  27,  1916,  Capt.  John  Henry 
Dyke  Acland,  R.A.M.C,  son  of  Hev.  Henry  Dyke  Acland, 
born  at  Nymet  St.  George,  age  36. 

Andrews. — Killed  on  July  i,  1916,  Capt.  James  Allfrey  Andrews, 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Lieut. -Col.  Andrews,  of  Robertsbridge, 
Sussex,  age  26. 

Baillie. — Killed  in  Mesopotamia  on  March  2,  1916,  Lieut. 
Humphrey  John  Baillie,  M.C.,  2nd  Dorset  Regt.,  son  of  Rev. 
W.  Gordon  Baillie,  Vicar  of  Lynton,  age  23. 

Ball. — Wiled  in  action  on  July  11,  1916,  Lieut.  Richard  Anthony 
Ball,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  William  Ball,  of  Torquay,  age  20. 

Baly. — Killed  in  action  on  Sept.  15,  1916,  Lieut.  Tyson  Sugar 
Baly,  "  The  Buffs,"  son  of  the  late  Dr.  P.  P.  Baly,  of  Westward 
Ho,  age  19. 

Bannatyne. — Died  of  wounds  on  May  14,  19 16,  Major  James 
Fitzgerald  Bannatyne,  Hussars,  attached  Manchester  Regt., 
son  of  the  late  J.  V.  Bannatyne  and  Mrs.  liannatyne,  of  Haldon, 
age  32. 

Barnes. — Killed  on  May  28,  191O.  Capt.  John  Christopher  Craven 
Barnes,  Border  Regt.,  son  of  Lieut. -Col.  H.  J.  Barnes,  R.A.M.C, 
of  Colyton,  age  22. 

Bazeley. — Killed  in  France  on  Jan.  29,  1916.  2nd  Lieut.  Rolland 
Arthur  Bazeley,  9th  Royal  Sussex  Regt.,  son  of  E.  A.  Bazeley. 
of  Ottery  St.  Mary. 

Beddovv.— Killed  on  July  i,  1916;  2nd  Lieut.  Cecil  \'ictor  Beddow, 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Dr.  Josiah  Beddovv,  of  Thorvcrton,  age  20. 

Beer. — Killed  on  July  19,  1916,  Lieut. -Col.  J.  H.  Beer,  Royal 
Berkshire  Regt.,  son  of  W.  A.  Beer,  of  Kenton,  age  36. 

Bellwood. — Killed  in  action  on  July  14,  1916,  Capt.  Frank  Bell- 
wood,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Capt.  F.  H.  D.  B.  Bellwood, 
3rd  Dragoon  Guards,  age  34. 

Bennett. — Killed  on  Sept.  3,  1916,  Capt.  John  Edgar  Bennett, 
Royal  Irish  Regt..  son  of  the  late  Lieut. -Col.  John  Bennett, 
LM.S.,  and  Mrs.  Bennett,  of  Ilfracombe,  age  26. 

Blencowe. — Killed  on  Feb.  16,  1916,  Capt.  E.  C.  B.  Blencowc, 
6th  Dorset  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Ernest  Gottwaltz,  of  Bideford. 

BowRiNC— Killed  in  Mesopotamia  between  Nov.  22  and  24,  1915, 
Capt.  Francis  Stephen  Bowring,  22nd  Punjabis,  son  of  the 
late  Lcwin  Bcntham  Bowring,  C.S.L,  of  Torquay,  age  37. 
He  served  through  the  South  African  Campaign,  being  awarded 
the  Queen's  medal  \vith  three  clasps  and  the  King's  medal 
with  two  clasps  ;  and  in  1908  he  took  part  in  the  Mohmand 
operations.  North- West  Frontiei  of  India,  receiving  the  medal 
with  clasp. 


30  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


Boyd. — Killed  on  July  14,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Robert  Colin  Boyd, 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of  A.  H.  Boyd,  of  Westward  Ho,  age  23. 

Briggs. — Died  on  Dec.  30,  1916,  Colonel  Frederick  Clifton  Briggs, 
Devon  Regt.,  commanding  battalion  Border  Regt.,  age  59. 
Served  in  Afghan  War  and  South  African  War,  receiving 
Queen's  and  King's  medals  with  seven  clasps. 

BuLLER. — Killed  on  June  3,  1916,  Lieut.-Col.  Herbert  Cecil  Buller, 
D.S.O.,  Commanding  Princess  Patricia's  Canadian  Light 
Infantry,  son  of  the  late  Admiral  Sir  Alexander  Buller,  G.C.B., 
of  Plympton,  age  34.  From  191 1  to  191 4  he  was  A.D.C.  to 
the  Governor- General  and  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Dominion 
of  Canada. 

Chard. — Killed  on  July  8,  1916,  Capt.  Robert  Alexander  Farmer 
Chard,  Royal  Fusiliers,  son  of  the  late  Col.  W.  W.  Chard,  of 
St.  Budeaux,  age  29. 

Chichester. — Killed  in  the  naval  battle  off  Jutland,  May  31,  1916, 
Lieut.  Robert  C.  Chichester,  R.N.,  H.M.S.  Black  Prince,  son 
of  the  late  Rear-Admiral  Sir  Edward  Chichester,  Bart.,  C.B. 

Clemson. — Ivilled  in  action  in  GalHpoli  on  Dec.  9,  1915,  Capt. 
John  Ohver  Clemson,  Royal  North  Devon  Hussars,  of  Steven- 
stone,  Torrington,  age  33.  He  was  Master  of  the  Stevenstone 
Foxhounds  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

CoLDWELLS. — Missing,  believed  killed,  on  July  i,  1916,  2nd  Lieut. 
Francis  B.  Cold  wells,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Joseph  G.  Cold  wells, 
of  London,  age  24. 

Cole. — Died  of  wounds  on  April  3,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Humphrey 
Porteus  Cole,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Maj.-Gen.  R.  A.  Cole, 
Madras  Staff  Corps,  age  21. 

Cole. — Killed  in  action  on  Sept.  22,  1916,  Lieut.  Percy  James  Cole, 
Royal  Field  Artillery,  of  Chittlehampton,  age  25. 

CoNVBEARE. — Killed  on  April  4-5,  1916,  Capt.  Edward  Bruce 
Conybeare,  M.C.,  Worcester  Regt ,  son  of  the  late  H.  C. 
Conybeare,  of  Shaldon. 

CooKE. — Killed  on  April  26,  1916,  Capt.  Ernest  R.  Cooke,  Royal 
Irish  Fusiliers,  son  of  R.  E.  Cooke,  of  Teignmouth. 

CoRBETT. — Killed  on  July  22  or  23,  1916,  Lieut.  Harry  Corbett, 
3rd  Devon  Regt.,  attached  Gloucester  Regt.,  son  of  the  late 
W.  V.  Corbett  and  Mrs.  Corbett,  of  Teignmouth,  age  24. 

CoxE. — Killed  in  action  on  July  i,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Cecil  Henry 
Coxe,  Royal  Flying  Corps,  son  of  H.  R.  H.  Coxe,  I.C.S.,  of 
Exmouth,  age  18. 

Darke. — Died  on  active  service  on  July  12,  1916,  Major  Hugh  Cuff 
Darke,  Royal  Field  Artillery,  son  of  A.  J.  Darke,  late  of  Ex- 
mouth,  where  Major  Darke  was  bom,  age  35. 

Dawe. — Killed  in  action  on  Sept.  13,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  R.  H.  O. 
Dawe,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  W.  H.  T.  Dawe,  of  Plymouth,  age  rS. 

Dennis. — Killed  before  Sept.  28,  1916,  Capt.  John  Edmund  Wilham 
Dennis,  Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light  Infantry,  son  of  the  late 
J.  E.  Dennis,  of  Fremington. 


Died  for  their  Country 


31 


Dundee-Hooper. — Died  on  active  service  on  Aug.  15,  1916,  Lieut. 
Stewart  Briscoe  Dundee- Hooper,  R.N.,  son  of  Mr.  Dundee- 
Hooper,  of  Torquay,  age  22. 

Dunn-Pattison. — Killed  in  Mesopotamia  before  March  15,  1916, 
Capt.  and  Adjutant  Richard  Phillipson  Dunn-Pattison,  M.A., 
I /6th  Devon  Regt.,  of  Braunton,  age  45.  He  was  at  one  time 
lecturer  on  modem  history  at  Magdalen  College,  Oxford,  and 
was  the  author  of  several  historical  works. 

Eardley-Wilmot. — Died  of  wounds  on  March  10,  1916,  2nd  Lieut. 
Gerald  H.  Eardley-Wilmot,  Machine  Gun  Company,  20th 
Brigade,  son  of  Lieut.  F.  Eardley  Wilmot,  R.N.,  of  Shaldon, 
age  26. 

Edye. — Killed  at  Tanvoorde  on  Oct.  30,  1914,  Lieut.  Charles 
Vivian  de  Grete  Edye,  Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers,  son  of  Ernest 
Edye,  of  Budleigh  Salterton.  He  was  previously  in  the  Duke 
of  Cornwall's  Light  Infantry,  and  in  1913  was  appointed  A.D.C. 
to  the  General  Commanding  in  China. 

Elliot. — Killed  on  June  21,  1916,  Lieut.  Hugh  Elliot,  Liverpool 
Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Major  Hugh  Elliot,  of  Tcignmouth,  age  20. 

Ferguson- Davie. — Died  of  wounds  received  on  April  12,  1916, 
Lieut.-Col.  Arthur  Francis  Ferguson -Davie,  CLE.,  D.S.O., 
Indian  Infantry,  son  of  Sir  William  A.  Ferguson- Davie,  Bt., 
C.B.,  of  Creedy  Park,  age  49.  He  took  part  in  the  Waziristan 
Expedition  of  1894-5,  the  Chitral  operations  of  1895,  and  the 
Tirah  expedition  two  years  later,  when  he  was  awarded  the 
D.S.O.  He  was  in  South  Africa  in  1901  and  gained  the  Queen's 
medal  with  three  clasps,  but  later  in  the  same  year  he  was  back 
again  on  the  North-West  Frontier  of  India,  operating  against 
the  Waziris.  Afterwards  he  held  the  appointments  of  Deputy 
Assistant  Adjutant-General  and  Deputy  Assistant  Quarter- 
master-General in  India. 

FiNLAv. — Died  of  wounds  in  Mesopotamia  on  March  20,  1916,  2nd 
Lieut.  Eric  Lionel  Finlay,  i,6th  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  J.  F. 
Finlay,  I.C.S.,  ape  24. 

Fischer. — Died  of  wounds  on  May  12,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Alexander 
William  Fischer,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  W.  J.  H.  Fischer, 
of  London. 

Francis. — Killed  in  action  before  Dec.  i,  191 6,  2nd  Lieut.  Dudley 
Collins  Francis,  York  and  Lanes.  Regt.,  son  of  H.  Francis,  of 
Plymouth. 

FuLFORD. — Killed  on  Dec.  14,  1916,  Rev.  R.  H.  Fulford,  chaplain 
to  the  forces,  late  curate  of  St.  Andrew's,  Plymouth,  age  34. 

GiBBS. — Killed  on  Sept.  3,  1916,  Lieut.-Col.  William  Beresford 
Gibbs,  Worcester  Regt.,  son  of  Rev.  W.  C.  Gibbs,  of  East 
Budleigh,  age  35.  He  served  in  the  South  African  War, 
receiving  the  Queen's  medal  \vith  three  clasps  and  the  King's 
medal  with  two  clasps. 

Gill.— Killed  on  Oct.  18,  1916,  Lieut.  Basil  Every  Gill,  York  Regt., 
son  of  Thomas  Husband  Gill,  of  Devonport. 


32  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 7 


Glossop. — Killed  on  Sept.  4,  1916,  Lieut.  Bertram  Glossop,  Devon 
Regt.,  son  of  Canon  Glossop,  of  St.  Albans,  age  22. 

Gordon. — Killed  in  Mesopotamia  on  Nov.  22-24,  IQ^S.  Lieut. 
Eldred  Pottinger  Gordon,  104th  Rifles,  son  of  the  late 
A.  H.  M.  H.  Gordon,  of  Co.  Down,  Ireland,  and  of  Mrs.  Gordon, 
of  Northam,  age  24. 

Gr.«me. — Killed  in  France  on  March  10,  1916,  Lieut.-Col.  Lawrence 
Oliphant  Graeme,  C.M.G.,  ist  Cameron  Highlanders,  son  of 
Lieut.-Col.  Graeme,  of  Shaldon,  age  43.  He  served  in  the 
South  African  War,  and  received  the  Queen's  medal  wnth  three 
clasps.  He  was  an  extra  A.D.C.  to  the  King  during  the  Durbar 
tour,  and  was  awarded  the  C.M.G.  for  services  in  France. 

Graham. — Killed  in  Mesopotamia  on  Feb.  7,  1916,  Major  George 
Humphrey  Irving  Graham,  44th  Merwara  Infantry,  late  ist 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Major-Gen.  G.  F.  I.  Graham,  late  Bengal 
Staff  Corps,  age  42.  He  saw  service  in  Tirah  1897-8,  receiving 
the  medal  with  two  clasps,  and  in  South  Africa,  receiving  the 
Queen's  medal  with  three  clasps  and  the  King's  medal  with 
two  clasps. 

Gregory. — Died  of  sickness  at  Moseul,  beyond  Baghdad,  before 
Oct.  16,  1916,  Lieut.  Stephen  Barnes  Gregory,  Devon  Regt., 
son  of  the  Mayor  of  Tiverton. 

Haldane. — Killed  on  April  2,  19 16,  Capt.  Laurence  Aylmer 
Haldanc,  D.S.O.,  Northants  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Alex. 
Haldane,  of  Plymouth,  age  32. 

Harris. — Killed  in  the  naval  battle  off  Jutland,  on  May  31,  iyt6. 
Midshipman  Malcolm  Alfred  Milner  Harris,  R.N.,  H.M.S. 
Defence,  son  of  Admiral  Sir  Robert  Harris,  of  Yelverton.  age 
16; 

Harris. — Killed  in  action  on  Sept.  3,  1916,  Lieut.  Reginald  William 
Harris,  West  Yorks  Regt.,  .son  of  W.  H.  Harris,  of  Sidmoutli. 
age  23. 

Heard. — Killed  on  July  2,  1916,  Capt.  Geoffrey  Richard  Heard. 
R.A.M.C.,  son  of  Richard  W.  Heard,  of  Devonport,  age  30. 

Heinig. — Killed  on  April  6,  191 6,  Lieut.  Wilfrid  Hardinge  Heinig, 
Sikhs,  son  of  R.  L.  Heinig,  of  Torquay,  age  29. 

Henderson. — ^Killed  in  the  naval  battle  off  Jutland  on  May  31, 
19 16,  Midshipman  Richard  Henderson,  son  of  Wallace  Hender- 
son, of  Crediton,  age  19. 

Heriz-Smith. — Killed  in  Mesopotamia  on  March  8,  1916,  Lieut. 
Ambrose  Joseph  Cocks  Heriz-Smith,  6th  Devon  Regt.,  son  of 
J.  C.  T.  Heriz-Smith,  J. P.,  of  Bideford,  age  38. 

Hirst. — Killed  on  July  i,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Cecil  Pollock  Hirst, 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  E.  T.  Hirst,  the  Oxford  double 
blue. 

Hodgson. — Killed  on  July  i,  1916,  Lieut.  William  Noel  Hodgson, 
Devon  Regt.,  M.C.,  son  of  the  Bishop  of  St.  Edmundsbury  and 
Ipswich,  age  23. 


Died  for  their  Country 


33 


HoGGETT. — Died  of  wounds  on  July  i8,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  F.  R. 
Hoggett,  Royal  West  Surrey  Regt.,  son  of  J.  T.  Hoggett,  of 
Torquay,  age  29. 

James. — -Died  of  wounds  on  Nov.  25,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Basil  Lister 
James.  East  Kent  Regt...  attached  Loyal  North  Lanes.,  son  of 
Rev.  C.  L.  James,  of  Broad  Lembury,  age  21. 

KiLGOUR. — Died  of  dysentery  while  on  active  service  in  Egypt,  on 
Nov.  2^,  1916,  Col.  Henry  Kilgour,  commanding  the  2/5th 
(Prince  of  Wales's)  Devon  Regt. 

KiRWAN. — Died  in  the  2nd  London  Military  Hospital  on  May  23, 
19 16,  after  a  severe  operation.  Rev.  Robert  Mansel  Kirwan, 
chaplain  to  the  Indian  Expeditionary  Force  to  Mesopotamia, 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Richard  Kirwan,  Rural  Dean  of  Honiton, 
age  55.  He  was  chaplain  to  the  Tirah  Expeditionary  Force  in 
1897-8,  receiving  the  medal  with  two  clasps,  and  was  chaplain 
to  the  Commander-in-Chief's  encampment  at  the  King's 
Durbar  in  1911-12. 

Lewis. — Died  in  hospital  on  July  15,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  John  Walter 
Lewis,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Rev.  Walter  H.  Lewis,  Rector  of 
Goodleigh,  age  20. 

Lloyd. — Killed  on  Oct.  3,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  F.  B.  Lloyd,  Devon 
Regt.,  son  of  Rev.  D.  Lloyd,  of  Shipston-on-Stour,  age  21. 

I.LOVD. — Died  in  hospital  at  Boulogne  before  March  g,  1916,  Lieut. 
Hugh  Clifford  Chetwode  Lloyd,  ist  Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light 
Infantry,  son  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  William  Chetwode  Lloyd, 
of  Bideford,  age  24. 

Lucas. — Killed  in  the  naval  battle  off  Jutland  on  May  31,  1916, 
Lieut.  Claude  de  Neufville  Lucas,  R.N.,  H.M.S.  Ivdejaiigable, 
son  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Lucas,  of  Exeter,  age  23. 

Lucas. — Killed  in  action  on  July  io,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Clifton  Malet 
Lucas,  South  Wales  Borderers,  son  of  Col.  H.  C.  E.  Lucas,  of 
Ringmore,  age  30. 

MacMichael. — Died  of  wounds  on  Sept.  16,  1916,  Lieut.  Michael 
William  Annesley  MacMichael,  Essex  Regt.,  late  Devon  Regt., 
son  of  Rev.  W.  F.  MacMichael,  Vicar  of  Lee,  near  Ilfracombe, 
age  21. 

Mansel-Carev. — Died  of  wounds  on  Feb.  24,  1916,  2nd  Lieut. 
Spencer  Lort  Mansel  Mansel-Carey,  8th  Devon  Regt.,  son  of 
Mr.  Mansel-Carey,  of  Uppingham  School,  age  23. 

-Marriott. — Killed  on  Nov.  13,  1916,  Capt.  Herbert  Norman 
Marriott,  East  Yorks.  Regt.,  son  of  Herbert  Mayo  Marriott, 
of  Torcross. 

Martin. — Killed  on  April  17-18,  1916,  Capt.  Arthur  Derisley 
Martin,  Indian  Army,  son  of  W.  T.  Martin,  I.C.S.,  of  Ilfra- 
combe, age  31. 

Martin. — Killed  on  Oct.  2,  1916,  Capt.  Cecil  Hampson  Martin, 
East  Lanes.  Regt.,  son  of  Capt.  A.  M.  Martin,  of  Westward 
Ho,  age  22. 


34  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


MiCHELMORE. — Killed  on  July  i,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Robert  F. 
Michelmore,  Middlesex  Regt.,  son  of  R.  F.  Michelmore,  of 
Salcombe,  age  24. 

Moon. — Died  of  wounds  on  Nov.  23,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Leonard 
James  Moon,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  William  Moon,  of 
Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  age  38. 

O'Brien. — Killed  on  June  i,  1916,  Capt.  Hugh  Rivers  Hamilton 
O'Brien,  Royal  Field  Artillery,  son  of  Lieut. -Col.  J.  O'Brien, 
I. M.S.,  and  Mrs.  O'Brien,  of  Instow,  age  25. 

Palmer. — Killed  on  March  5,  1916,  Capt.  Walter  Gerard  Palmer, 
Indian  Army,  attached  Royal  Fl5ang  Corps,  son  of  the  late 
C.  E.  Palmer  and  Mrs.  Palmer,  of  Instow,  age  32. 

Paramore. — Killed  in  action  on  July  23,  1916,  Lieut.  Robert 
Edward  Pynsent  Paramore,  Devon  Regt.,  attached  Gloucester 
liegt.,  son  of  the  Rector  of  Iddesleigh,  age  19. 

Parsons. — Killed  on  July  19,  19 16,  Capt.  Maurice  Harry  Donne 
Parsons,  Royal  Horse  Artillery,  son  of  the  late  H.  J.  D.  Parsons, 
of  Exeter. 

Pennell.^ Killed  in  the  naval  battle  oft  Jutland  on  May  31,  1916, 
Commander  Harry  L.  L.  PenncU,  R.N.,  H.M.S.  Queen  Mary,  son 
of  Lieut. -Col.  Reginald  Pennell,  of  Awliscombe,  age  33.  He 
was  a  member  of  Capt.  Scott's  Antarctic  Expedition,  1910-13. 

Perkin. — Killed  on  July  i,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Philip  Kenneth  Perkin, 
Yorks  and  Lanes.  Regt.,  son  of  E.  S.  Perkin,  of  Tiverton,  age  22. 

Phillips. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  12,  1916,  Lieut.  F.  E.  S.  Phillips, 
Devon  Regt.  and  Royal  Fljnng  Corps,  son  of  the  Rector  of 
Bow,  age  21. 

PouLTER. — Killed  in  action  on  July  15,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Hugh 
Douglas  Michael  Poulter,  Royal  Engineers,  son  of  Capt.  D.  R. 
Poulter,  of  Newton  Abbot,  age  19. 

PowLESLAND. — Died  of  wounds  on  Sept.  20,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  J.  N.  J. 
Powlesland,  London  Regt.,  son  of  John  Powlesland,  of  Chulm- 
leigh,  age  20. 

Prowse. — Killed  in  the  naval  battle  off  Jutland  on  May  31,  1916, 
Capt.  Cecil  Iiby  Prowse,  R.N.,  H.M.S.  Queen  Marv,  son  of  the 
late  Capt.  C.  J.  W.  Prowse,  of  Torquay,  age  49. 

Radcliffe. — Died  before  Feb.  9,  1916,  Lieut. -Col.  Jasper  Fitz- 
gerald Radcliffe,  D.S.O.,  loth  Essex  Regt.,  late  Devon  Regt., 
son  of  the  late  Walter  Coplcston  Radcliffe,  of  Warleigh,  age 
49.  He  served  in  the  South  African  War,  winning  the  D.S.O., 
besides  receiving  the  Queen's  medal  with  clasp. 

Rayner. — Killed  in  action  on  July  i,  191 6,  2nd  Lieut.  Harold 
Leslie  Rayner,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Edward  Rayner, 
of  Wadhurst,  Sussex,  age  26. 

KiDDELL. — Killed  in  action  on  July  i,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  William 
l^ddell,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Mr.  Riddell,  of  Culverleigh, 
Tiverton,  age  29. 


Died  for  their  Country 


35 


Roe. — Died  of  wounds  on  Jan.  7,  1916,  .ind  Lieut.  Francis  I^eslie 
Koe,  2nd  South  Lanes.  Kegt.,  son  of  the  late  F.  L.  Roe,  of 
Totnes,  age  21. 

Rogers. — Died  of  wounds  on  Dec.  8,  191 6,  Capt.  Edward  Rogers, 
Royal  Engineers,  M.C.,  son  of  the  late  Capt.  H.  Rogers,  R.N., 
of  Plymouth,  age  34. 

Rogers. — Killed  in  action  on  July  5,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Henry 
Pevcrell  Rogers,  Sherwood  Foresters,  son  of  the  late  Capt.  H. 
Rogers,  R.N.,  of  Plymouth. 

Rook. — Killed  on  July  29,  19 16,  2nd  Lieut.  William  A.  Rook, 
Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light  Infantry,  son  of  WiUiam  Henry 
Rook,  formerly  of  Combemartin,  age  25. 

Roper. — Died  of  wounds  on  Sept.  12,  1916,  Lieut.  Eric  Walter 
Roper,  M.C.,  Royal  FusiUers,  son  of  H.  C.  Roper,  surgeon,  of 
Exeter. 

Scarbrough. — Killed  in  action  on  Sept.  26,  1916,  Major  Michael 
Claud  Scarbrough,  Middlesex  Rcgt.,  son  of  Ehjah  Impey 
Scarbrough,  of  Teignmouth,  age  33. 

Shepard. — Killed  on  July  i,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Cyril  Harry  Shepard, 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Henry  Dunkin  Shep>ard,  A.R.LB.A. 

Skinner. — Killed  in  action  on  Sept.  25,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Edward 
Howard  Skinner,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Alfred  C.  Skinner, 
of  Bishop's  Lydeard,  Som.,  age  29. 

Skynner. — Lost  on  June  5,  1916,  in  H.M.S.  Hampshire,  Lieut. 
W.  W.  Skynner,  son  of  W.  P.  Skynner,  of  Bideford. 

Smith. — Died  of  wounds  on  June  28,  1916,  Capt.  Duncan  Galloway 
Smith,  Royal  Engineers,  son  of  H.  D.  Smith,  M.  Inst.  C.E.,  of 
Plymouth. 

Smyth-Osbourne. — Killed  in  the'  naval  battle  off  Jutland  on 
May  31,  1916,  Lieut. -Commander  Edward  Smyth-Osbourne, 
R.N.,  H.M.S.  Invincible,  son  of  the  late  John  Smyth-Osbourne, 
of  Iddesleigh,  age  32.  He  took  part  also  in  the  battle  of  the 
Bight  of  HeUgoland  in  August,  1914,  and  in  the  battle  of  the 
Falkland  Isles  on  Nov.  9,  1914. 

S.mythe. — Died  of  wounds  before  Nov.  24,  1915,  Major  Ralph  Conran 
Smythc,  Royal  Garrison  .\rtillery,  son  of  Capt.  WilUam  W. 
Smythe,  R.N.,  of  Plympton,  age  35. 

Sumner. — Died  on  June  30,  1916,  Col.  Charles  Mannoir  Sumner, 
Devon  Regt.,  late  South  Lanes.  Regt.,  age  58. 

Sydenham. — Died  on  Oct.  8,  1916,  Lieut.  Humphrey  St.  Barbe 
Sydenham,  Devon  Regt..  son  of  Dr.  G.  F.  Sydenham,  of  Dul- 
verton,  Som.,  age  20. 

Teape. —  Killed  in  action  on  Sept.  4,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  Charles 
Lewarne  Teape,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Rev.  C.  R.  Teape,  of 
Devonport,  age  20. 

ToKELY. — Died  of  wounds  on  Dec.  33,  2nd  Lieut.  Reginald  Cyrus 
Tokely,  Essex  Regt.,  son  of  C.  R.  Tokely,  of  Teignmouth, 
age  20. 


3^  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


Trefusis. — Killed  on  July  8,  1916,  Capt.  Arthur  Owen  Trefusis, 
Loyal  North  Lanes.  Kegt.,  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Crediton. 

Trefusis. — Killed  on  Nov.  7,  191 6,  Capt.  Ha  worth  Walter  Trefusis, 
Northants  Regt.,  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Crediton,  age  34.  He 
served  in  the  South  African  War,  and  received  the  Queen's 
medal  with  two  clasps. 

Tregelles. — Killed  on  July  i,  1916,  Capt.  Geoflfrey  PhiUp  Tregelles' 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of  G.  F.  Tregelles,  of  Barnstaple. 

Upstone.— Died  in  hospital  at  Bombay  on  July  11,  1916,  2nd  Lieut. 
Cedric  Donal  Upstone,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Phihp  Upstone,  of  Coaley,  Glos.,  age  23. 

Vaughan. — Killed  in  action  on  July  20,  1916,  Capt.  Guy  Carleton 
Vaughan,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Col.  Vaughan,  of  Cheltenham. 

Walrond. — Killed  in  action  on  March  19,  1916,  Capt.  Stewart 
Walrond,  Somerset  Light  Infantry,  son  of  Col.  Walrond, 
formerly  of  Cullompton. 

Walsh. — Died  of  wounds  before  July  25,  1916,  Lieut.  Percival 
Walsh,  Loyal  North  Lanes.  Regt.,  son  of  Percival  Walsh, 
formerly  of  Tiverton,  age  20. 

Warren. — ^Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  18,  1916,  Capt.  F.  R.  F.  Warren, 

Hampshire   Regt.,  son  of  Fred.   Warren,  of  Teignmouth,   age 

31. 
Watson. — Killed   on   Oct.    27,    19 16,    2nd    Lieut.    Francis   George 

Stuart  Watson,  I^ancasliire  Fusiliers,  son  of  Alexander  Watson, 

architect,  of  Torquay,  age  19. 

Watson.— Killed  in  Mesopotamia  on  March  8,  1916,  Capt.  George 
Carr  Watson,  i/6th  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  E.  G.  Watson,  of 
Roker,  Sunderland,  age  29. 

Whitaker. — Killed  in  France  on  Dec.  31,  1913,  Capt.  Arthur  Cecil 
Whitakcr,  nth  West  Yorks.  Regt.,  son  of  Rev.  C.  P.  Whitaker, 
of  Broadclyst,  age  28. 

WooLOCOMBE. — Died  of  wounds  on  Sept.  10,  1916,  2nd  Lieut. 
Francis  Woolocombe,  son  of  the  Rev.  J.  H.  B.  Woolocombe, 
of  Stowford. 

Young. — Killed  on  July  2,  1916,  2nd  Lieut.  James  Vincent  Young. 
Somerset  Light  Infantry,  son  of  Rev.  Vincent  Young,  of 
Charleton,  Kingsbridge,  age  24. 


The  Fleets  37 


The    Fleets. 

(Reprinted  by  special  permiision  of  the  Editor  of  "  Country  Life.") 

Are  you  out  with  the  Fleets  through  the  long,  dark  night, 

Admiral  Drake  ? 
Are  you  keeping  watch,  when  with  never  a  light 
They  patrol  the  seas  £ind  wait  for  a  fight  ? 

In  that  far  South  Sea  were  you  standing  by, 

Admiral  Drake  ? 
Did  your  masthead  catch  that  wireless  cry  ? 
Did  you  in  sorrow  watch  them  die  ? 

Once  more  at  the  guns  do  your  gunners  strain, 

Admiral  Drake  ? 
Do  their  voices  ring  o'er  the  decks  again, 
"  Have  at  them,  boys  !  "  in  the  old  refrain  ? 

When  the  shining  death  leaps  through  the  wave, 

Admiral  Drake, 
Are  your  boats  all  out  in  a  rush  to  save  ? 
Do  you  stand  to  salute  the  death  of  the  brave  ? 

Are  there  others  out  on  the  heaving  blue. 

Admiral  Drake  ? 
Are  Collingwood,  Blake,  and  Nelson,  too, 
In  their  high-decked  ships  along  with  you  ? 

Oh,  seamen  of  old,  the  shadowy  gates 
Swing  wide  to  let  you  through. 
And  out  o'er  the  seas  your  galleons  sweep 
To  fight  for  the  flag  anew. 

M.  C.  Meugens. 

(The  "  Country  Life  "  Anthology  of  Verse.) 


38  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


Drake's  Ship. 


Drake's  little  ship  of  100  tons — the  Pelican,  renamed  during 
the  voyage  the  Golden  Hind — left  Plymouth  on  the  15th  of 
November,  1577,  and  returned,  after  she  had  encompassed  "  the 
whole  Globe  of  the  Earth,"  on  the  3rd  of  November,  1580,  It 
was  generally  thought  that  some  memorial  should  be  raised 
to  commemorate  such  a  wonderful  exploit.  One  of  the  old 
chroniclers  says  :  "It  were  to  be  wished,  that  in  memorie  of 
this  gentleman's  incomparable  atchievement,  some  monument 
might  remain  to  succeeding  ages,  and  none  more  fitted  than  the 
brittle  bark  wherein  he  arrived  safe  and  sound,  which,  as  a 
Knight  of  good  account  and  rarelie  qualified,  thought  meete  to 
be  fixed  upon  the  stumpe  of  Paul's  steeple,  in  lieu  of  the  spire, 
that,  being  discerned  farre  and  neere,  it  might  be  noted  and 
pointed  at  of  people  with  these  true  termes :  Yonder  is  the 
barke  that  hath  sailed  round  about  the  world." 

But  Queen  Elizabeth  had  her  own  views  about  the  matter. 
"  She  caused  the  ship  to  be  drawn  up  into  a  little  creek  near 
Deptford,  upon  the  Thames,  as  a  monument  of  his  so  lucky 
sailing  round  about  the  World.  And  having,  as  it  were,  conse- 
crated it  for  a  memorial  with  great  ceremony,  she  was  banquetted 
in  it,  and  conferred  on  Drake  the  honour  of  knighthood.  At 
this  time  a  bridge  of  planks,  by  which  they  came  aboard  the 
ship,  sunk  under  the  crowd  of  people,  and  fell  down  with  an 
hundred  men  upon  it,  who  notwithstanding  had  none  of  them 
any  harm.  So  as  that  ship  may  seem  to  have  been  built  under 
a  lucky  planet." 

In  praise  of  Drake  several  Latin  verses,  wTitten  by  the  scholars 
of  Winchester  School,  were,  amongst  others,  set  up  the  same 
day  upon  the  main  mast.  The  following  are  English  versions 
of  three  of  them  : — 

"  On  Hercules'  Pillars,  Drake,  thou  maist, 
Plus  ultra  write  full  well, 
And  say,  I  will  in  greatness  that 
Great  Hercules  excell." 

"  Sir  Drake,  whom  well  the  World's  End  knows. 

Which  thou  didst  compass  round, 
And  whom  both  Poles  of  Heaven  once  saw, 

Which  North  and  South  do  bound  ; 
The  Stars  above  will  make  thee  known, 

If  men  here  silent  were  : 
The  Sun  himself  cannot  forget 

His  Fellow-traveller." 


Drake's  Ship 


39 


"  Amongst  the  radiant  Stars  to  stand. 
Thy  Ship  well  worthy  were ; 
Well  worthy  on  the  highest  Top 
Of  Heaven  a  place  to  bear." 

And  in  later  days,  one  Long,  a  Tavistock  schoolmaster, 
wrote  : — 

"  Go,  coast  Great  Britain's  isle,  and  in  each  creek. 
Among  the  noble  sons  of  Neptune,  seek 
Who  has  swam  farthest  in  the  liquid  seas. 
Or  who  first  ranged  the  world's  antipKxles  ; 
Who  round  about  the  world's  vast  globe  did  roll. 
Even  from  the  Arctic  to  the  Antarctic  pole  ; 
They  will,  with  one  consent,  this  verdict  make, 
'Twas  Our  Immortal  Mortal,  Tav'stock  Drake." 

"  An  estimate  for  the  Dockinge  and  inclosinge  of  Sr.  Frauncis 
Draik's  Shipp  with  a  Brick  waule,  etc."  is  still  in  existence,  and 
is  worth  quoting  in  full : — 

"  A  Brick  Waule. — Imprimis  for  a  brick  waulc 
to  be  buylded,  whiche  will  conteyne  in  Sircuyte 
about  c  iiij**  footes  [180  ft.]  in  lengthe,  and  xv 
foote  highe,  to  be  well  buylded  with  Butteryes. 
And  from  Insyde  to  Insyde  to  be  xxiiij*"  Footes 
so  as  there  may  be  some  space  to  walke  aboute  the 
shipp  within  the  waule,  the  chardge  whereof  esty- 
mated  by  the  bricklayers,  will  extend  unto  cxxx" 

"  The  Roff,  etc. — Item  the  Roff  over  the  saide 
shipp  according  to  the  lengthe  and  breadthe  of  the 
waulc.  The  Tymber  and  workmanshipp,  Tyles, 
Lathe,  and  all  other  chardges  insydente  to  the 
same,  maye  extende  unto  per  estimacyon  un 

"  Preparing  of  ye  Ground. — Item  the  Digginge, 
and  preparinge  of  ye  ground  in  order  requisite  for 
that  purpose  ys  estymated  by  suche  as  hathe 
skill  therein,  att  Ixx" 

"  Item  the  chardge  in  layinge  of  wayes,  wynd- 
ings,  screwinge,  Blockinge,  Shoreinge  with  Irone- 
work  withe  other  chardges  to  be  therto  anixed, 
cordage  onlye  exeptyd  per  estimacyon  nn 

Suma  Totall  ccclxx" 


XX    vl> 


XX  li 


Apparently,  in  spite  of  all  this,  the  ship  was  not  actually  laid 
up  in  a  permanent  position  until  it  had  already  been  reduced 
to  a  skeleton.  The  exact  site  was  the  Mast  Dock,  near  Sayes 
Court,  in  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ravensboume.  Camden,  the 
antiquary,  gives  an  amusing  account  of  what  he  supposes  to  be 
barnacle  geese,  that  were  to  be  seen  on  the  keel :    "  They  who 


40  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

saw  the  ship  in  which  Sir  Francis  Drake  sailed  round  the  world, 
when  it  was  laid  up  in  the  River  Thames,  could  testify  that 
little  birds  bred  in  the  old  rotten  keels  of  ships,  since  a  great 
number  of  such,  without  life  and  feathers,  stuck  close  to  the 
outside  of  the  keel  of  that  ship.  Yet  I  should  think  that  the 
generation  of  those  birds  was  not  from  the  logs  of  wood,  but 
from  the  sea,  termed  by  the  poets,  '  the  parent  of  all  things.'  " 

For  a  long  time  it  remained  one  of  the  sights  of  London  and 
the  resort  of  hohdav  people,  the  cabin  being  converted  into  a 
sort  of  banqueting  house.  One  of  the  characters  in  a  comedy 
called  "  Eastward  Ho,"  by  Ben  Jonson  and  others,  is  made  to 
say :  "  We'll  have  our  provided  supper  brought  aboard  Sir 
Francis  Drake's  ship  that  hath  encompassed  the  world,  where, 
with  full  cups  and  banquets,  we  will  do  sacrifice  for  a  prosperous 
voyage.  My  mind  gives  me  that  some  good  Spirit  of  the  waters 
should  haunt  the  desert  ribs  of  her,  and  be  auspicious  to  all 
that  honour  her  memory,  and  will,  with  like  orgies,  enter  their 
voyages.  Captain  and  Gentlemen,  we'll  begin  a  new  ceremony, 
at  the  beginning  of  our  voyage,  which  I  believe  will  be  followed 
by  all  future  adventurers." 

When  at  length  the  ship  was  too  far  decayed  to  receive 
further  repairs,  she  was  broken  up,  but  a  portion  of  her  timbers 
was  preserved,  from  which  a  chair  was  made  and  presented  in 
1662  to  the  Universitv  Lil  rarv  at  Oxford,  by  "  John  Davis  of 
Deptford,  Esquire,"  who  was  storekeeper  or  King's  commis- 
sioner at  Deptford  dockvard.  There  is  a  tradition  that  a 
serving  table  in  the  hall  of  the  Middle  Temple,  of  which  Drake 
was  a  member,  is  also  made  from  the  timbers  of  the  Golden 
Hind.  The  chair  is  now  in  the  Bodleian  Picture  Gallery  at 
Oxford.  It  is  spacious,  black  and  polished  with  age,  and  just 
as  firm  and  strong  as  in  1662.  It  has  two  steel  plates.  The 
first  one,  which  is  at  the  top  of  the  chair,  is  a  fixture,  and  bears 
a  Latin  inscription,  recording  the  presentation.  The  other  is 
mounted  on  a  swivel,  so  that  it  can  be  turned  round  ;  and  it 
has  on  one  side  a  Latin  poem  by  Abraham  Cowley,  and  on  the 
other  a  translation  of  this  poem  into  English,  as  follows  : — 

"  To  this  great  Ship  which  round  the  Globe  has  run, 
And  matcht  in  Kace  the  Chariot  of  the  Sun, 
This  Pythagorean  Ship  (for  it  may  claime 
Without  Presumption  so  deserv'd  a  Name, 
By  knowledge  once,  and  transformation  now) 
In  her  new  shape,  this  sacred  Port  allow. 
Drake  and  his  Ship,  could  not  have  wisht  from  Fate 
A  more  blest  Station,  or  a  more  blest  Estate. 
For  Lo!  a  seate  of  endles  Rest  is  giv'n. 
To  her  in  Oxford,  and  to  him  in  Heav'n." 


V(5 


CHAIR     MADE    FROM     REMAINS    OF     DRAKE'S    SHIP. 

I  Presented  to  Oxford  University  Library  hy  John  Davis  of  Defit/ord,  Esq.) 


1  \f>^osite  /.  40. 


Drake*  s  Ship  41 

Tliis  is  all  that  is  generally  published,  but  some  further  lines 
first  appeared  in  the  Biographia  Britannica  : — 

"  Thy  glory,  Drake,  extensive  as  thy  mind. 
No  time  shall  tarnish,  and  no  limits  bind  ; 
What  greater  praise  than  thus  to  match  the  Sun, 
Knowing  the  race  which  cannot  be  outrun  ? 
Wide  as  the  World  thou  compass'd  spreads  thy  fame. 
And  with  that  World  an  equal  date  shall  claim." 

A  second  poem  by  the  same  author  is  longer  and  not  so  good, 
but  it  is  not  without  interest : — 

ODE. 

[Sitting  and  Drinking  in  the  Chair  made  out  of  the  Relics  of 
Sir  Francis  Drake's  Ship.] 

*'  Cheer  up,  my  mates,  the  wind  does  fairly  blow. 

Clap  on  more  sail,  and  never  spare  ; 

Farewell  all  lands,  for  now  we  are 

In  the  wide  sea  of  drink,  and  merrily  we  go. 
Bless  me,  'tis  hot  !  Another  bowl  of  wine. 

And  we  shall  cut  the  burning  line  : 
Hey,  boys  !  she  scuds  away,  and  by  my  head  I  know 

We  round  the  world  are  sailing  now. 
What  dull  men  are  those  who  tarry  at  home. 
When  abroad  they  might  wantonly  roam. 

And  gain  such  experience,  and  spy  too 

Such  countries  and  wonders,  as  I  do  ! 
But  pr'ythee,  good  pilot,  take  heed  what  you  do. 

And  fail  not  to  touch  at  Peru  ! 

With  gold  there  the  vessel  w«'ll  store. 

And  never,  and  never  be  poor. 

No,  never  be  poor  any  more. 

'  What  do  I  mean  ?     What  thoughts  do  me  misguide  .' 
As  well  upon  a  staff  may  witches  ride 

Their  fancy'd  joumies  in  the  air. 
As  I  sail  round  the  ocean  in  this  Chair  ! 

'Tis  true  ;    but  yet  this  Chair  which  here  you  see, 
For  all  its  quiet  now,  and  gravity. 
Has  wander'd  and  has  travell'd  more 
Than  ever  Ijcast,  or  lish,  or  bird,  or  ever  tree,  before  : 
In  every  air  and  every  sea  't  has  been, 

'T  has  compass'd  all  the  Earth,  and  all  the  Heavens  't  has  seen. 
Let  not  the  pope's  itself  with  this  compare. 
This  is  the  only  universal  Chair. 

"  The  pious  wanderer's  fleet,  sav'd  from  the  flame 
(Which  still  the  relics  did  of  Troy  pursue, 

And  took  them  for  its  due), 
.\  squadron  of  immortal  nymphs  became : 
Still  with  their  Arms  they  row  about  the  seas 
And  still  make  new  and  greater  voyages ; 


42  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

Nor  has  the  first  poetic  ship  of  Greece 
(Though  now  a  star  the  so  triumphant  show. 
And  guide  her  faihng  successors  below. 
Bright  as  her  ancient  freight  the  shining  fleece) 
Yet  to  this  day  a  quiet  harbour  found  ; 
The  tide  of  heaven  still  carries  her  around ; 
Only  Drake's  sacred  vessel  (which  before 

Had  done  and  had  seen  more 

Than  those  have  done  or  seen, 
Ev'n  since  they  goddesses  and  this  a  Star  has  been) 
As  a  reward  for  all  her  labour  past. 

Is  made  the  seat  of  rest  at  last. 

Let  the  case  now  quite  alter'd  be. 
And,  as  thou  wentest  abroad  the  world  to  see. 

Let  the  world  now  come  to  see  thee  I 

"  The  world  \vill  do  't ;  for  curiosity 
Does,  no  less  than  devotion,  pilgrims  make  ; 
And  I  myself,  who  now  love  quiet  too, 
As  much  almost  as  any  Chair  can  do. 

Would  yet  a  journey  take. 
An  old  wheel  of  that  chariot  to  see, 

Which   Phaeton  so  rashly  brake  : 
Yet  what  could  that  say  more  than  these  remains  of  Drake  ? 
Great  Relic  !   thou  too,  in  this  port  of  ease. 
Hast  still  one  way  of  making  voyages  ; 
The  breath  of  Fame,  like  an  auspicious  gale 

(The  great  trade-wind  which  ne'er  does  fail) 
Shall  drive  thee  round  the  world,  and  thou  shalt  run. 

As  long  around  it  as  the  Sun. 
The  straights  of  Time  too  narrow  are  for  thee  ; 
Launch  forth  into  an  undiscovered  sea. 
And  steer  the  endless  course  of  vast  Eternity  ! 
Take  for  thy  sail  this  verse,  and  for  thy  pilot  me!" 


The    Armada. 


They  coasted  round  about  our  land. 

And  so  came  in  by  Dover, 
But  we  had  men  set  on  them  then 

And  threw  the  rascals  over. 
The  Queen  was  then  at  Tilbury, 

What  could  we  more  desire-a  ? 
And  Sir  Francis  Drake,  for  her  sweet  sake. 

Did  set  them  all  on  iire-a. 

Riison's  Ancient  Songs  and  Ballads. 


H% 


IL^ 


DARTMOUTH    HAVEN 

fsAiip  Henri  I  MIL 


0/>posile  t.  43. 


Robert  Wenynglon — An  Old  "  Sea-Dog  "  of  Devon       43 


Robert   Wenyngton  : 
An    Old    '* Sea-Dog"    of    Devon. 

By  Colonel  E.  T.  CLIFFORD.  V.D. 

Chairman  of  the  London  Devonian  Aisociation. 

(A  Paper  read  before  the  Devonshire  Association  at  Plymouth, 
July  19th,  1916.) 

[In  submitting  this  paper  I  desire  to  acknowledge  my  indebtedness  to 
Mr.  Michell  Whitley.  The  whole  of  the  research  work  involved  in  its 
preparation  was,  with  much  time  and  labour,  extracted  by  him  personally 
from  documents  in  the  British  Museum  and  Public  Record  Office.] 

Devon  has  every  reason  to  be  proud  of  the  position  taken  by 
her  sons  in  every  realm  of  thought  and  action — Letters,  Art, 
Science,  War,  and  Statesmanship. 

Yet  it  is  in  the  nature  of  things  that  there  must  be  many 
whose  lives  and  actions  deserve  recognition,  but  who  are  crowded 
out  for  some  reason  or  another,  possibly,  as  we  should  like  to 
assure  ourselves,  owing  to  the  great  number  of  Worthies  the 
County  has  produced.  Such  an  one  was  Robert  Wenyngton,  of 
Dartmouth,  and  I  am  satisfied  that  men  of  Dartmouth  will 
regard  with  satisfaction  this  effort  to  rehabilitate  their  great 
townsman.  Though  most  of  the^  details  of  his  life  are  lost,  yet 
there  are  on  record  certain  incidents  which  justify  us  in  giving 
him  a  niche  in  the  Devonian  Temple  of  Fame.  His  name  is  not 
to  be  found  in  our  monumental  Dictionary  of  National  Biography, 
nor  is  he  well  known  to  ordinary  chroniclers.  The  chief  sources 
of  our  information  about  him  are  the  "  Paston  Letters  "  and  the 
"  Patent  Rolls."  In  recent  times  he  has  been  referred  to  by  Sir 
James  Ramsay,  who,  in  his  "  History  of  the  Fifteenth  Century," 
calls  him  simply  a  "  Pirate  "  ;  and  Mr.  Ian  Colvin,  in  his  book 
entitled  "  Germans  in  England,"  calls  him  "  an  illiterate  but 
valiant  man  of  Devon."  A  reviewer  of  the  latter  book  refers  to 
the  important  incident  described  in  Wenyngton's  letter  (see 
page  46)  as  a  "  fine  glorious  tale  which  every  EngUsh  schoolboy 
should  know  by  heart  in  Bob  Wenyngton's  own  words,  but  there 
are  none  of  our  school  histories  that  will  tell  him  anything 
about  it." 

It  is  because  I  heartily  agree  with  the  reviewer,  and  because 
owing  to  the  present  awful  war  the  occasion  is  appropriate,  that 


44  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  igiy 

I  now  venture  to  submit  this  paper  to  our  Association.  If  in 
trying  to  do  justice  to  one  who  is,  I  hold,  a  Devon  Worthy — "  I 
strav  into  historv,"  to  use  the  words  of  Lord  Bryce  in  his  work 
on  American  Democracy — I  am  sure  of  a  hearing  from  Devonians, 
and  am  not  unhopeful  of  reaching  even  a  wider  audience  than 
the  English  schoolboy. 

In  judging  of  such  a  man  we  ought  to  bear  in  mind  Lord 
Morley's  dictum,  that  the  equity  of  history  requires  us  to  judge 
men  of  action  by  the  standard  of  men  of  action,  and  I  may 
remark  that  this  axiom  is  quoted  with  approval  by  Lord  Acton, 
who  further  says  that  the  man  is  a  product  of  the  society  by 
which  he  stands  or  falls. 

So  when  I  read  Sir  James  Ramsay's  brief  and  contemptuous 
dismissal  of  Robert  Wenyngton,  I  felt  impelled  to  verify  his 
statement,  and  I  hope  to  show  you  that,  when  his  pronounce- 
ment has  been  weighed  in  the  balance,  it  will  be  found 
wanting. 

Robert  Wenyngton  was  a  merchant  of  Dartmouth  in  the  fif- 
teenth centurv,  at  a  time  when  it  was  one  of  the  most  important 
ports  in  the  West  of  England.  In  one  of  the  Commissions  (July 
28,  1450)  he  is  described  as  of  Clifton  Dertmouth  Hardnesse,  Co. 
Devon.  The  dates  of  his  birth  and  death  are  unknown,  but  we 
have  incidents  in  his  life  occurring  between  the  years  1439  and 
1460.  He  was  evidently  a  man  of  good  standing  and  of  public 
importance.  He  was  Mayor  of  Dartmouth  in  1446,  Junior 
Member  of  Parliament  for  Dartmouth  in  February,  1449,  and 
re-elected  Senior  Member  of  Parliament  in  November,  1449. 
He  was  appointed  on  April  1,  1455,  Receiver  of  Dues,  with 
Robert  Gambon,  in  the  ports  of  Exeter  and  Dartmouth.*  He 
was  also  Collector  of  Customs  with  Thomas  Gale  for  the  ports  of 
Dartmouth  and  Exeter,  but  the  precise  year  cannot  be  ascer- 
tained, as  the  Roll  is  mutilated.  |  He  was  nominated  on  certain 
Royal  Commissions  relating  to  shipping  matters  in  the  West, 
which  will  be  referred  to  hereafter.  There  were  other  Wenyng- 
tons,  presumably  relatives,  in  the  neighbourhood,  who  were 
apparently  well-to-do  merchants. 

Wenyngton's  name  appears  variously  written — Wynnyng- 
tone,  Wyllyngton,  Wellyngton,  Wemyngton,  Wenyngton,  and 
Wenyngtone,  but  the  accepted  spelling  is  as  set  forth  at  the 
head  of  this  paper. 


*  Watkin,  "  Totnes  Priory  and  Medieval  Town,"  p.  430. 

t  Custom  Rolls,  Hen.  VI.  No.  40/35-40/36.  A  Thomas  Gale  was 
M.P.  for  Dartmouth  in  1467,  1472,  and  1478,  and  Mayor  of  Dartmouth  in 
J479. 


Robert  Wenyngton — An  Old  "  Sea-Dog  "  of  Devon       45 

The  first  notice  of  him  appears  in  the  Patent  Rolls  of  26th 
February,  1439,  appointing  him  on  a  Commission  with  John 
Pole  to  enquire  into  whose  hands  had  come  the  tackle  and 
cargo  of  a  carrack  of  Genoa — "  whereof  Viscount  Spendela  was 
master  and  part  owner  " — and  to  have  them  restored  to  the 
owners,  after  reasonable  payment  to  the  salvers  for  their 
labours  ;  and  these  commissioners  were  to  certify  to  the  King 
in  Chancery  the  names  of  any  persons  refusing  to  make  such 
restitution.  This  carrack  had  been  cast  away  in  a  storm  before 
the  port  of  Dartmouth.  This  first  notice  of  him  is  an  interest- 
ing one,  for  it  brings  him  before  us  in  an  important  official 
position.  Unfortunately  no  return  to  this  enquiry  is  known 
to  exist,  at  least  in  the  Public  Record  Office  ;  if  there  is  any 
such  return,  it  is  uncatalogued  and  not  available. 

On  the  12th  November,  1445,  he  appears  in  a  different  light, 
for  a  Commission  was  issued  to  the  Earl  of  Devon  and  others 
to  make  inquisition  touching  the  information  that  Robert 
Wyllyngton  of  Dartmouth,  and  others,  took  a  ship  sent  by  the 
King's  Aunt  of  France  laden  with  wine,  etc.,  under  Letters  of 
Safe  Conduct  and  the  Truce  between  the  King  and  his  Uncle  of 
France,  and  brought  it  into  Fowey  with  the  merchants  and 
merchandise  therein,  disposed  of  the  latter  at  will,  and  beat 
and  wounded  the  former,  slaying  some  of  them.  Whether 
Robert  Wenyngton  was  innocent  or  gu  Ity  of  the  charge  wc 
have  no  means  of  ascertaining,  as  there  is  nothing  further  on 
the  subject  in  the  Patent  Roils,  but  it  may  be  fairly  assumed, 
from  what  followed,  that  Wenyngton  was  able  to  clear  himself 
from  the  charge. 

On  the  4th  April,  1449,  a  formal  Commission  to  serve  the 
King  on  the  sea,  a  Commission  which  gave  Wenyngton 
tremendous  powers,  was  issued  to  him  "  by  advice  of  the 
Council,"  and  at  the  same  time  to  Gervase  Clyfton,  Sheriff  of 
Kent  in  1451,  and  to  Alexander  Edon,  who  was  also  Sheriff  of 
Kent  in  1450.  Obviously  at  that  time  Wenyngton  must  have 
been  a  very  important  man  to  have  been  associated  in  the 
"  cleansing  of  the  seas  "  with  men  who  just  afterwards  became 
Sheriffs  of  Kent.  It  will  be  observed  that  this  was  the  year  in 
which  he  was  Member  of  Parhament  for  Dartmouth.  At  the 
same  time  the  King  wrote  to  the  Earl  of  Devonshire  and  others 
saying  that  "  his  well-beloved  squyer  Robert  Wynnyngtone  was 
bound  by  cndenture  to  do  the  King's  service  in  the  see,"  and 
praying  them  to  assist  him  as  much  as  possible. 

Wenyngton  lost  no  time  in  proceeding  to  business,  for  on  the 
25th  May,  1449,  he  wrote  his  famous  letter  to  Thomas  Daniel, 
"  Squier  for  the  Kyngs  Body,"  reciting  an  engagement  he,  with 


46  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

a  small  force,  had  with  a  hundred  great  ships  of  Prussia,  Lubeck, 
and  other  towns. 

The  original  of  Wenyngton's  letter  is  in  the  French  Archives. 
It  is  the  only  interesting  utterance  we  have  from  him,  and  it 
runs  as  follows  : — 

"  To  my  Reverend  Maystcr,  Thomas  Danyell,  Squier  for  the 
Kyngs  Body,  be  thys  letter  delyverd  in  haste. 

"  Most  reverend  mayster,  I  recomaund  me  on  to  yowr  graceus 
maystreschup,  ever  deseryng  to  her  of  yowr  wurschupfuU  ustate, 
the  whyche  All  myghte  God  mayntayne  hyt,  and  encrese  hyt 
on  to  hys  plesans  :  Plesying  yow  to  know  of  my  wellfare,  and 
of  all  yowr  men,  at  the  makyng  of  thys  letter,  we  wer  in  gode 
hele  of  body  i  blessyd  be  God. 

"  Mo  over,  mayster,  I  send  yow  word,  by  Rauly  Pykeryng,  of 
all  maters,  the  whyche  I  be  seche  yow  yeve  hym  credens,  as  he 
wylle  enforme  yow  of  all ;  so,  sur,  I  beseche  yow,  in  the  reverens 
of  God,  that  ye  wyll  enforme  owr  Soverayn  Lord  the  Kyng  of 
all  maters  that  I  send  yow  in  thys  letter,  lyke  as  I  have  send  a 
letter  to  my  Lord  Chaunseler  and  to  all  my  Lordys  by  the  sayd 
Pykeryng  ;  the  whyche  letter  I  beseche  yow  that  ye  take  and 
delyver  to  my  Lord  and  all  my  Lordys  by  yowr  awne  handys, 
and  lete  the  sayd  Pykeryng  declare  all  thyngs  as  he  hath  sayn 
and  knoweth. 

"  Furst,  I  send  yow  worde,  that  when  we  went  to  see,  we 
toke  ij.  schyppys  of  Brast  comyng  owte  of  Flaundrys ;  and 
then  after,  ther  ys  made  a  grete  armyng  in  Brytayne  to  mete 
with  me  and  my  felyschyp,  that  ys  to  say,  the  grete  schyp  of 
Brast,  the  grete  schyp  of  the  Morleys,  the  grete  schyp  of  Vanng 
with  other  viij.  schyppis,  bargys,  and  balyngers,  to  the  number 
of  iij.  m''  [3000]  men  ;  and  so  we  lay  in  the  see  to  mete  with 
them. 

"  And  then  we  mette  with  a  fiotte  of  a  c.  [hundred]  grete 
schyppys  of  Pruse,  Lubycke,  Campe,  Rastocke,  Holond,  Selond 
and  Flandres  betwyte  Gamyse  [Guernsey]  and  Portland  ;  and 
then  I  cam  abord  the  Admirall,  and  bade  them  stryke  in  the 
Kyngys  name  of  Englond,  and  they  bade  me  skyte  in  the  Kyngs 
name  of  Englond  ;  and  then  I  and  my  feleschyp  sayd,  but 
[unless]  he  wyll  streke  don  the  sayle,  that  I  wyld  over  sayle 
ham  by  the  grace  of  God,  and  God  wyll  send  me  wynd  and 
wether ;  and  dey  bade  me  do  my  wurst,  by  cause  I  had  so  fewe 
schyppys  and  so  smale,  that  they  scornyd  with  me.  And  as 
God  wuld,  on  Fry  day  last  was,  we  had  a  gode  wynd,  and  then 
we  armyd  to  the  number  of  ij.  m*  [2000]  men  in  my  felyschyp 
and  made  us  redy  for  to  over  sayle  them  ;  and  then  they  lonchyd 


Robert  Wenyngton—An  Old  "  Sea-Dog  "  of  Devon       47 

a  bote,  and  sette  up  a  stondert  of  traesse  [truce]  and  com  and 
spake  with  me.  And  ther  they  were  yolded  all  the  hundret 
schyppys  to  go  with  me  in  what  port  that  me  lust  and  my 
felawys  ;  but  they  faothc  with  me  the  day  before,  and  schotte 
atte  us  a  j.m'  [1000]  gonnys,  and  quarell  [properly  qurreaux, 
square  pyramids  of  iron  shot  out  of  crossbows]  owte  of  number, 
and  have  slayn  meny  of  my  felyschyp,  and  meymyd  all  soo. 
Wherfor  me  thyngkyt  that  they  hayc  forfett  bothe  schypps 
and  godys  at  our  Soverayn  Lord  the  Kyngys  wyll.  Besechyng 
yow  that  ye  do  yowr  parte  in  thys  mater,  for  thys  I  have  wrytyn 
to  my  Lord  Chaunseler*  and  all  my  Lordys  of  the  Kyngys 
Counsell  ;  and  so  I  have  brofte  them,  all  the  c.  [hundred] 
shyppys,  within  Wyght,  in  spyte  of  them  all. 

"  And  ye  myght  gete  leve  of  owr  Soverayn  Lord  the  Kyng  to 
com  hydder,  hyt  schall  tume  yow  to  grete  wurschup  and  pro- 
fett,  to  helpe  make  owr  a  poyntement  in  the  Kyngs  name,  for 
ye  sawe  never  suche  a  syght  of  schyppys  take  in  to  Englond 
thys  c.  wynter  ;  for  we  ly  armyd  nyght  and  day  to  kepe  them, 
in  to  the  tyme  we  have  tydengs  of  our  Soverayn  and  hys  coun- 
sell. For  truly  they  have  do  harme  to  me,  and  to  my  feleschyp, 
and  to  yowr  schyppys  more  [than]  ij.  m'-  ''  [Fenn  says  the  read- 
ing of  the  original  is  indistinct,  and  he  could  not  determine 
whether  £2000  or  /3000  was  meant]  worthe  harme  ;  and  thefor 
I  am  avesyd,  and  all  my  feleschyp,  to  droune  them  and  slee 
them,  withoute  that  we  hafe  tydyngs  from  owr  Soverayn  the 
Kyng  and  hys  counsell.  And  therfor,  in  the  reverens  of  God, 
come  ye  yowr  self,  and  ye  schall  have  a  grete  avayle  and 
wurschup  of  yowr  comyng  to  see>a  suche  syght,  for  I  der  well 
sey  that  I  have  her  at  this  tyme  all  the  cheff  schyppys  of  Duche- 
lond,  Holond,  Selond,  and  Flaundrys,  and  now  hyt  wer  t3ane 
for  to  trete  for  a  fynell  pese  as  for  that  partyes. 

"  I  writ  no  more  to  yow  at  thys  tyme,  but  All  myghty  Jesus 
have  yow  in  hys  kcpying.  1  writ  in  hast,  within  Wyght,  on 
Soneday  at  nyght  after  the  Ascencion  of  owr  Lord.  [2vSth  May, 
1449.] 

"  By  yowr  owne  Servant, 

"  ROBT.    WENYNGTON."t 

Wenyngton's  fight  is  peculiarly  interesting  just  now  ;  and  as 
there  are  so  many  points  of  similarity  between  the  causes  that 
led  to  that   fight,   and  the  causes  which  led  to  the  present 


*  John  Staflford,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

t  "  Paston  Letters,"  by  James  Gairdner,  1900,  vol.  i,  pp.  84-6,  No.  68. 


48  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

deplorable  war,  it  might  be  well  to  set  forth  briefly  the  state  of 
affairs  that  brought  about  the  grant  of  such  a  letter  as  the 
King  wrote. 

For  several  generations,  principally  during  the  period  of  our 
attempted  expansion  in  France,  foreign  influence  had,  by  means 
of  "  peaceful  penetration,"  so  dominated  the  trade  of  this 
country  that  the  nation  at  last  rose  against  it,  and  so  successfully 
that  by  EUzabeth's  time  there  was  not,  it  is  said,  a  single  German 
trading  concern  in  England,  Owing  to  the  extraordinary  trade 
grip,  primarily  of  the  Hanseatic  League,  largely  secured  by 
means  of  heavy  subsidies  paid  to  those  who  could  and  did  help 
them,  passively  if  not  actively,  from  the  highest  in  the  land, 
for  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  Hanse  rendered  considerable 
financial  assistance  to  our  monarchs,  England's  foreign  trade 
was  severely  hampered  ;  and  the  difficulty  of  carrying  on  and 
extending  it  was  so  acute  that  Guilds,  known  as  "  The  Merchant 
Adventurers,"  were  formed  in  many  towns — some  twelve  in  all 
- — London  being  the  chief,  and  Exeter  another.  Their  object 
was  to  organize  foreign  markets  for  English  cloth,  and  to  rid 
themselves  of  foreign  control  as  to  where  they  should  sell  it  and 
what  they  should  sell  it  lor.  Their  success  and  gradual  extension 
was  feared  and  resented  by  the  Hanse  Towns,  some  of  which 
were  the  so-called  "  Free  Towns,"  which  were  claimed  by  the 
State  Documents  of  the  day  and  by  German  historians  to  be 
German  or  under  Germanic  influence.  Every  effort  was  made 
by  the  Hanseatic  League  to  arrest  the  development  of  the 
Merchant  Adventurers,  one  of  which  was  by  employing  pirates 
—who  were  of  course  disavowed  when  necessary. — to  harry  our 
trade  and  take  our  seamen  prisoners,  whom  they  treated  some- 
what in  the  fashion  that  Germany  treats  her  pnsoners  to-day. 
Retaliation  followed,  and  trade  was  raided  by  either  side  indis- 
criminately, until  at  last  the  King  was  compelled  by  public 
opinion  to  take  action.  Clowes,  in  his  "  History  of  the  Royal 
Navy,"*  states  that  Henry  VI,  under  an  Order  in  Council,  had 
directed  the  sale  of  the  greater  part  of  the  Fleet,  apparently  to 
pay  his  debts,  f  and  that  the  policeing  of  the  "  narrow  seas  " 

*  Vol.  i,  p.  348. 

I  It  must  be  remembered  that  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century  wit- 
nessed a  sad  collapse  of  the  Imperial  aspirations  of  Henry  V.  The  fleet 
which  he  had  striven,  and  not  without  success,  to  raise,  had  now  disap- 
peared altogether.  His  son,  Henry  VI,  lacked  the  first  elements  of  king- 
ship, and  fell  under  the  influence  of  a  series  of  bad  advisers,  notably  hus 
wife  and  Suffolk.  The  Crown  was  therefore  reduced  to  seek  the  support 
ol  the  Captains  of  the  Merchant  Navy,  who  frequently  acted  in  the  capacity 
ol  "  Contractors." 


Robert  Wenyngton—An  Old  "Sea-Dog"  oj  Devon        49 

had  to  be  carried  out  by  "  Contractors."  It  is  possible  that 
Wenvngton  may  have  been  a  Contractor  in  the  past,  but  he 
certainly  was  not  henceforth,  if  we  have  regard  to  the  terms  of 
his  Commission  from  the  King,  and  the  letter  the  King  wrote 
to  the  Earl  of  Devonshire  and  other  local  notables,  praying 
them  to  show  all  the  favour  and  help  they  could  to  "  oure  trusty 
and  welbeloved  squyer  Robert  Wynnyngtone,  who  is  withholde 
towardes  us  by  endenture  made  in  this  behalfe,  to  do  us  service 
in  the  see,  for  the  clensing  of  the  same  and  rebukving  of  the 
robbeurs  and  pirates  thereof,  which  davly  do  alle  the  noysance 
thev  canne,  whos  resistence  and  putting  aside  is,  and  shalbe, 
bothe  to  oure  worshipe,  rcnome  and  fame,  and  to  the  good 
publique  of  us,  this  oure  lande  and  subgittes." 

It  is  a  fact  that  Wenyngton  was  actin'?  with  most  compre- 
hensive powers  under  the  King's  authority.  In  the  Guernsey 
fight  some  of  the  King's  ships  were  under  his  command.  Our 
only  knowledge  of  how  he  executed  his  commission  is  contained 
in  the  letter  which  he  wrote  to  "  My  Reverend  Mayster,  Thomas 
Danyell  Squier  for  the  Kyngs  Body."  By  "  Reverend  "  he  of 
course,  means  "  respected."  Briefly,  it  will  be  observed  the 
letter  proudly  states  that,  with  a  few  small  ships  (for  the 
foreigner  did  not  allow  us  to  build  large  ones),  on  May  25th, 
1449,  somewhere  off  Guernsey,  Wenyngton  met  a  Fleet  of  100 
great  ships  of  Prussia,  Lubeck,  and  other  towns  ;  bearing  down 
upon  them  with  his  cannon  charged  and  with  his  linstocks 
Ughted,  he  bade  them  strike  their  flag  in  the  name  of  the  King 
of  England.  But,  apparently  because  his  ships  were  few  and 
small,  they  shot  at  him,  doing  great  damage,  and  slew  some  of 
his  men,  and  (worse  than  all)  they  scorned  him,  and  bade  him 
do  his  worst.  Wenyngton's  answer  was  to  over-sail  them  and 
beat  them  ship  by  ship,  ultimately  capturing  the  whole  Fleet 
and  bringing  it  in  to  the  Solent. 

Wenyngton  states  that  upwards  of  £3000  damage,  represent- 
ing to-day  some  £40,000,  was  done  to  the  King's  ships  alone, 
and  many  lives  were  lost,  so  there  was  obviously  a  good  fight. 
.\pparently  through  treachery  so  many  English  lives  were  lost 
and  so  much  damage  was  done  that  Wenyngton  wished  to 
"  slee  "  the  lot,  but  hesitated  to  do  so  without  authority  from 
the  King.  He  states  in  his  letter  that  the  enemy  had  played 
him  false,  so  no  doubt  his  Devon  blood  was  up;  but  this  must  be 
said,  that  he  fought  a  good  tight,  he  showed  himself  a  brave 
man  and  a  great  sailor,  and,  reading  the  whole  tale  as  it  stands, 
it  is  one  that  should  make  every  Devonian,  aye  !  every  Briton, 
proud  of  Wenyngton  and  regard  him  as  one  of  those  old  "  Sea 
Dogs  "  of  the  West  who  contributed  so  much  to  establish  the 
Sea  Power  of  England.  4 


50  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

The  propriety  of  Wenyngton's  action  has  been  questioned,  in 
that  the  enemy  ships,  or  some  of  them, belonged  to  theHanseatic 
League,  with  whom  we  were  nominally  at  peace  ;  Wenyngton, 
however,  in  his  letter  says  that  "  now  it  were  time  for  to  treat 
for  a  final  peace  as  for  that  parties,"  suggesting  a  state  of  war  ; 
but  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  past  action  of  the  League, 
directly  or  through  its  servants,  coupled  with  present  treachery, 
excused,  if  it  did  not  actually  justify,  Wenyngton  in  taking 
extreme  measures.  They  were  turbulent  times,  and  men  were 
not  always  governed  by  the  "  letter  of  the  Law,"  but  by  their 
own  views  of  "  right  and  wrong."  In  this  case  the  inference  is 
that  Wenyngton,  as  Commander,  or  probably  Admiral,  of  the 
King's  Fleet,  demanded  inspection  which  was  presumably 
granted  and  abused,  with  the  result  that  Wenyngton  took 
action. 

A  somewhat  similar  incident  occurred  about  the  same  time  ; 
it  is  quoted  by  Clowes  in  his  "  History  of  the  Royal  Navy,"* 
and,  as  it  bears  upon  this  question,  its  relation  is  appropriate. 
It  appears  that  certain  merchants  at  Dartmouth  had  ships 
impressed  at  Bordeaux  by  the  Duke  of  Clarence,  in  order  to  bring 
troops  to  England  ;  off  Belle  Isle  they  fell  in  with  two  Prussian 
hulks  laden  with  wine  from  La  Rochelle.  Being  anxious  to 
discover  whether  the  hulks  and  their  cargoes  belonged  to  the 
enemy.  Sir  John  Colville,  who  was  in  command,  sent  a  boat  to 
examine  their  Bills  of  Lading,  and  to  inform  the  Masters  that,  if 
they  had  enemy's  property  on  board,  they  must  deliver  it  to  him, 
and  he  would  pay  for  the  freight  of  it.  The  Prussians  refus  d 
an  answer,  and  next  day  attacked  the  English  who  were  still  on 
board  the  hulks,  and  killed  many  of  them.  Colville  thereupon 
captured  the  hulks  and  carried  them  into  Southampton  and 
Poole.  An  enquiry  was  ordered,  but  we  cannot  find  that  any 
result  was  recorded. 

Under  international  law  as  now  accepted,  ships  would  be 
forfeited  in  a  like  case  in  war  time,  for  they  violently  repelled 
the  searchers  who  were  acting  under  a  duly  commissioned 
authority.  As  it  is  probable  that  a  similar  state  of  affairs 
existed  in  Wenyngton's  case,  it  may  be  reasonably  concluded 
that  his  action  was  justified. 

It  is  of  considerable  interest  to  note  that  there  is  now  organized 
in  Germany  a  "  Hansa  League  "  of  merchants,  manufacturers, 
financiers,  shippers,  and  exporters.  This  is  a  notable  revival  of 
the  past.     It  is  stated  that  all  the  great  captains  of  German 


*  Vol.  i,  pp.  370-1. 


Robert  Wcnyngton—An  Old  "  Sea- Dog  "  of  Devon       51 

industry  are  "  Hansa  Leaguers  "  ;  inasmuch  as  the  promoter  of 
the  League  is  a  prominent  politician  and  an  avowed  apostle  of  a 
"  forward  "  foreign  trade  policy  for  Germans  after  the  war,  it  is 
evident  that  a  great  push  on  the  old  Hansa  lines  will  be  made, 
which,  with  our  past  and  present  experience,  we  shall  be  able 
to  meet  and  deal  with. 

Ramsay,  in  the  index  to  his  "Century  of  English  Historv"* 
(1399-1485),  is  responsible  for  this  entry:  "  Winnington,  Robert, 
a  Devon  pirate."  Another  direct  statement  Ramsay  makes 
about  Winnington  in  his  "  History  "  is  as  follows  :  "  The  only 
traceable  war  expenditure  of  the  Spring  was  for  naval  operations, 
and  they  took  a  curious  turn.  In  April,  Robert  Winnington,  a 
Devon  man,  was  commissioned  to  '  cleanse  the  sea  of  pirates.'  "| 

Chambers's  "  Dictionary  "  defines  "  Pirate  "  as  "  one  who 
without  authority  attempts  to  capture  ships  at  sea  :  a  sea 
robber  :  an  armed  vessel  which,  without  legal  right,  plunders 
other  vessels  at  sea." 

The  word  is  a  very  old  one,  and  the  foregoing  was  the  definition 
of  it  in  the  fifteenth  century,  as  it  is  to-day. 

Here  is  a  man  whom  Ramsay  knew  to  be  commissioned 
(i.e.,  acting  under  authority),  described  by  him  as  a  pirate  ;  a 
man  (for  of  course  he  is  our  friend  Robert  Wenyngton  of  Dart- 
mouth) we  know  from  the  Records  to  have  been  Member  of 
Parliament  for  his  native  town.  Mayor  of  his  native  town, 
appointed  by  the  King  on  various  and  important  comm  ssions. 
His  Majesty's  Collector  of  Customs,  and  finally,  in  the  King's 
own  words,  "  oure  trusty  and  welbeloved  squyer,"  "  our  well- 
beloved  Robert  Wenyngton  of  Dertmouth." 

As  it  is  obviously  impossible  to  reconcile  Ramsay's  own 
statements,  how  are  we  to  account  for  the  misrepresentation  ? 
From  what  has  been  further  dug  out  from  the  records  one  is 
incHned  to  think  that  the  influence  of  prejudice  has  something 
to  do  with  it,  coupled  with  a  disinclination,  at  any  rate  in  this 
case,  to  probe  matters  to  the  "  rock  bottom."  This  ma}'  be 
gathered  by  the  following,  which  is  taken  from  Ramsay'?-' 
"  History  "J  :  "  In  1450  the  Earl  of  Suffolk  sailed  for  Calais 
but  was  intercepted  off  the  Kentish  coast  by  the  Nicholas  of 
the  Tower,  and  other  vessels — King's  ships — that  were  lying 
in  wait  for  him.  He  was  captured  and  taken  on  board  the 
Nicholas.  On  the  2nd  May  his  head  was  struck  off  on  the 
gunwale  of  a  boat ;  his  body  was  taken  to  land  and  thrown  on 
the  sands  at  Dover.    The  guilty  parties  have  never  been  traced. 


•  Vol.  ii,  p.  628.  I  Vol.  ii,  p.   102.  J  Vol.  ii,  p.  121. 


52  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

nor  apparently  was  any  attempt  made  to  trace  them.  .  ,  . 
William  of  Worcester,  in  his  account  of  Suffolk's  death,  mentions 
one  '  Robertus,'  but  the  sentence  is  defective,  and  the  famil5' 
name  of  the  man  is  wanting.  Now  the  Christian  name  of 
Winnington,  the  Devonshire  pirate,  was  Robert,  and  he  was  a 
very  likely  man  to  have  been  retained  for  such  work." 

It  cannot  be  held  that  there  is  even  a  suggestion  of  evidence 
to  warrant  so  grave  a  charge  as  Ramsay  makes,  which  appears 
to  be  founded  on  prejudice  and  built  upon  conjecture.  If  the 
historv  of  the  period  were  considered,  one  would,  I  think,  be 
justified  in  coming  to  an  entirely  different  conclusion.  Suffolk 
no  doubt,  deserved  his  fate.  Though  he  was  the  man  who  was 
primarily  responsible  for  England's  parlous  condition  and  the 
loss  of  her  possessions  in  France,  vet  he  had  been  and  was  the 
favourite  of  the  King.  Henrv  VI.  believed  in  him  and  in  his 
support,  and  had  only  banished  him  to  save  his  life,  hoping 
to  bring  him  back  when  present  troubles  had  blown  over. 
Wenyngton  owed  much  to  the  King.  Is  it  likely  he  would  have 
taken  a  King's  ship  and  hung  about  the  coast  of  Suffolk  in 
order  to  trap  the  boat  on  which  the  Duke  was  escaping,  with  the 
object  of  destroying  the  favourite  of  his  King  ?  Our  knowledge 
of  Wenyngton's  life  may  not  be  extensive,  but  the  known 
incidents  in  his  career  would  indicate  that  he  was  not,  as  Ramsay 
puts  it,  "  a  very  likely  man  to  have  been  retained  for  such  work." 

Surely  it  would  have  been  better  and  fairer  to  stick  to  facts, 
leaving  them  to  speak  for  themselves ;  for  whether  it  be  history 
or  anything  else,  it  is,  after  all,  only  the  facts  that  matter.  If 
justification  for  this  statement  were  necessary,  I  would  submit 
what  Lord  Acton  says  in  one  of  his  "  Essa\s  on  Liberty  "  : — 

"  Such  things  will  cease  to  be  written  when  men  perceive 
that  truth  is  the  only  merit  that  gives  dignity  and  worth  to 
History." 

In  the  "  Chronicles  of  Fabyan  "  (p.  622)  the  following  is  given 
as  the  account  of  Suffolk's  death  :  The  Nicholas  of  the  Tower 
took  Suffolk's  ship  and  went  to  Dover  :  when  he  was  entering 
into  the  Roade  "  he  caused  hym  to  be  confessyd  of  his  owne 
chapelayne,  and  that  done,  shypmen  put  hym  in  a  shyp  boote, 
and  there,  upon  the  syde  of  the  bote,  one  strake  off  his  hede, 
whiche  hede  with  the  body  was  soon  after  conveyed  to  the 
lande  of  Dover,  and  there  left  upon  the  sandes,  and  the  sayde 
shypmen  retourned  unto  the  see  agayne."  It  will  be  observed 
that  Fabyan  makes  no  reference  to  Wenyngton.  His  statement 
is  that  "  one  of  the  shypmen  strake  off  his  hede."  This  is 
similar  to  the  statement  of  William  of  Worcester,  who  states 
that  Suffolk  was  beheaded  by  the  sailors. 


Robert  Wenyngton — An  Old  "  Sea-Dog  "  of  Devon       53 

But  there  was  another  "  Robert  "  who  took  a  considerable 
part  in  the  naval  warfare  or  raidings  of  the  day,  which  were  of 
constant  occurrence  ;  indeed,  judging  from  the  records,  it  was 
at  this  period  perpetual  sea  war  and  raiding  all  round.  About 
this  other  "  Robert,"  Ramsay  has  the  following  :  "  In  May, 
1451,  Henry  (the  King)  paid  £4666  to  the  Duke  of  Burgundy 
for  damage  done  to  the  Dutch  and  Flemish  shipping  by  English 
subjects,  but  the  name  of  the  chief  offender  is  given  as  Robert 
Cane," 

On  page  621  in  the  "  Chronicles  of  Fab\  an  "  is  an  account 
of  the  Kmg  calling  a  Parliament  to  consider  complaints  made 
by  our  merchants  on  account  of  their  vessels  being  arrested  in 
Bruges,  Ypres,  and  other  places  as  a  set-off  against  a  whole 
Fleet  of  theirs  being  taken  by  Robert  of  Cane. 

In  the  Issue  Rolls  of  the  Exchequer — May,  1451 — it 
appears  that  an  Order  was  made  by  which  the  King  ordered 
that  a  pa\  ment  should  be  made  to  Adrian  Sqvvile,  the  Deputy 
of  the  Duke  of  Burgundy,  for  restitution  and  replacement  of 
stores  and  damages  caused  bv  Robert  Caen  and  his  adherents  to 
the  friends  of  the  King,  subjects  of  Flanders,  Holland,  and 
Zealand  in  taking  divers  of  their  ships  and  goods,  and  accord- 
ingly a  payment  was  made  to  Adrian  on  their  behalf  of 
£2566  13s.  4d. 

The  next  entry  in  the  Issue  Rolls  refers  to  a  similar  case. 
By  this  a  further  payment  was  made  "  to  the  Mavor  and  Society 
of  Merchants  of  Cales  [Calais]  as  compensation  for  a  certain  ship 
called  a  '  Kervevle.'  and  the  goods  on  board,  and  for  a  ship 
called  a  '  Hulke '  taken  at  the  battle  of  Saluse,  belonging  to  the 
ovxtnes  of  Bruges,  and  for  a  ship  and  goods  i  elongirg  to  the 
Ma\  or  of  Rol}  gus  captured,  and  a  further  payment  was  made 
of  £2000." 

It  will  be  seen  that  there  is  no  mention  of  Wenvngton's  name 
in  these  documents,  nor  is  there  any  statement  to  connect  him 
with  the  depredations  on  shipping,  for  which  £4566  was  paid 
by  the  King;  on  the  contrary,  it  is  distinctly  stated  that  the 
principal  offender  was  Robert  Cane,  and  it  is  clear  that  Wen- 
yngton, who  was  a  well-known  man,  would,  if  responsible,  have 
had  his  name  inserted. 

Who  then  was  this  Robert  Cane,  or  Robert  of  Cane  ?  The 
Patent  Rolls  for  1450,  26th  April,  supply  the  information : 
"  Revocation  of  the  protection  with  clause  volumus  for  half  a 
year  granted  on  17  April  last  to  Richard  Thorpe  alias  Thorp  of 
London,  '  gentilman,'  as  staying  in  the  company  of  Robert 
Veer,  Knight,  on  the  safe-keeping  and  defence  of  the  castle  and 
town  of  Caen,  in  Normandy  ;  because  he  tarries  at  Northampton, 
as  the  sheriff  of  the  county  has  certified." 


54  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


Sir  Robert  Veer,  Knt.,  was  Governor  of  Caen  in  Normandy,* 
and  would  be  described  as  Robert  of  Cane,  just  as  Wenvngton 
was  described  as  Robert  of  Dartmouth.  There  is  not  a  tittle  of 
evidence  that  Wenyngton  was  Governor  of  Caen  ;  he  was  a 
merchant  of  Dartmouth,  and  about  that  time  M.P.  for  the 
Borough,  and  occupied  in  England  with  his  business  and  public 
duties. 

But  even  if  Ramsay  believed  that  Robert  Wenyngton  was 
Robert  Cane,  the  Governor  of  Caen  in  Normandy,  there  was  not 
the  slightest  justification  for  calling  him  a  pirate,  considering  he 
acted  under  authority  in  fighting  and  capturing  what  he  called 
the  Prussian  Fleet  (and  we  know  of  no  other  sea  incident  con- 
nected with  his  name),  reporting  his  action  at  once  to  the  King 
who  had  commissioned  him  ;  nor  indeed  would  it  affect  the 
glory  of  that  Guernsey  battle,  which  must  have  been  carried 
out  with  consummate  seamanship  and  bravery. 

On  the  28th  July,  1450,  a  Commission  was  issued  to  John 
Fortescue,  Knight,  and  others,  appointing  them  to  make 
inquisition  touching  the  names  of  malefactors  who,  with  Robert 
Wenyngton,  assaulted  and  imprisoned  Walter  Reynell,  so  that 
his  life  was  despaired  of,  and  kept  him  in  prison  until  he  delivered 
to  Wenyngton  a  writing  whereby  he  released  to  him  all  personal 
actions  and  John  Purchas,  prisoner  of  John  Lake  ;  and  on  the 
same  date  a  Commission  was  issued  to  several  persons,  amongst 
whom  was  the  imprisoned  Walter  Revnell,  to  arrest  (not  to 
imprison)  Wen',  ngton,  and  to  bring  him  before  the  King  in 
Council.  It  will  be  observed  that  Wenyngton  is  not  indicated 
as  a  malefactor. 

The  whole  incident  appears  to  be  a  squabble.  That  Reynell 
allowed  himself  to  be  appointed  one  of  the  parties  to  arrest  is 
curious  and  makes  one  suspicious  of  him  ;  under  the  circum- 
stances, any  fair-minded  man  would  have  declined  to  accept 
such  a  position.  However,  there  is  no  record  of  an  answer  to 
the  charge,  which  does  not  appear,  from  subsequent  appoint- 
ments, to  have  affected  Wenyngton's  pubhc  position. 

The  following  is  related  by  Ramsay  in  his  "  Century  of  English 
History,"  under  date — 1452,  7th  April — "  A  general  pardon  for 
all  offences.  Two  to  three  thousand  persons,  with  the  Duke  of 
York  at  their  head,  came  in  to  claim  the  indulgence  and  had 
patents  made  out  to  them." 

Ramsay    further    quotes    "  Whethamsted "    as    follows : — 


*  He  was  Captain  of  Caen,  1450,  Contractor  with  others  to  "  keep  the 
sea  "  in  1454,  M.P.  for  Devon  in  1455.  Alexander,  Trans.  Devon  Assoc. 
XLVI,  492. 


Robert  Wcnyngton—An  Old  "  Sea-Dog  "  of  Devon       55 

"  Among  the  names  on  the  '  Pardon  Roll '  Mr.  Gairdner  cites 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk,  the  Earl  of  Devon,  and  Robert  Wennington. 
so  whatever  he  had  done  which  rendered  it  desirable  that  he 
should  ask  for  pardon,  which  he  received,  there  is  this  to  be 
said,  that  he  was  in  very  good  company. 

On  the  23rd  December,  1455,  Wenvngton  was  one  of  an 
influential  Commission  appointed  to  make  inquisition  in  respect 
of  a  petition  of  the  Bishop  of  St.  Andrews,  Scotland,  who  owned 
a  ship  called  le  Marie  of  Saynt  Andrewes  which  was  saihng 
towards  Scotland  under  the  King's  safe-conduct,  when  certain 
subjects  of  the  King  took  the  ship  (which  was  laden  with  125 
tuns  of  wine  and  other  goods  and  merchandise)  and  distributed 
the  ship,  wine,  and  goods  within  Devon.  The  Commissioners 
were  to  arrest  and  commit  the  guilty  to  prison,  and  to  compel 
restitution  of  the  ship  and  goods,  or  to  send  the  possessors  to 
prison.  On  6th  March,  1456,  another  Commission  was  issued 
to  Wenvngton  and  others.  The  King  had  learned  that  the  ship 
had  been  arrested  by  the  Commissioners  in  the  Port  of  Dart- 
mouth, and  commanded  them  to  deliver  it  to  the  Bishop's 
Proctors,  and  to  certify  to  the  King  in  Chancery.  On  the  4th 
April,  1456,  a  further  Commission  was  issued  to  Wenyngton 
and  others.  It  would  appear  that  after  all  the  ship  had  not 
been  arrested,  because  a  certain  Philip  Alare  had  got  hold  of  it 
and  had  changed  its  name  to  le  A  nthony  oj  Dertemouth,  and,  t(» 
impede  the  execution  of  the  Commission,  used  other  letters  of 
license  to  take  the  ship  with  30  pilgrims  to  Santiago  in  Gahcia. 
Under  this  Commission  the  Commissioners  were  commanded 
to  make  restitution  of  the  ship,"  with  the  tackling  thereof,  to 
the  Bishop's  proctors.  It  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  the  Com- 
missioners would  be  personally  responsible,  and,  as  the  ship 
had  gone,  they  could  only  adopt  the  policy  of  "  wait  and  see," 
when,  no  doubt,  further  Commissions  would  be  issued.  At  least 
four  Commissions  had  been  appointed  in  connection  with  this 
business  before  Wen>ngton  came  on  the  scene,  and  there  were 
subsequent  proceedings  in  Chancery,  and  the  matter  may  still 
be  there  for  all  we  know,  as  no  final  record  of  the  proceedings 
can  be  traced.  In  one  of  the  Commissions  it  is  stated  that 
William  Kydde  and  other  pirates  had  captured  the  ship  Lc 
Marie.  As  it  was  a  Scotch  vessel,  it  is  not  unfair  to  suggest 
that  this  Kydde  was  an  ancestor  of  our  old  friend  Captain  Kidd 
of  Greenock,  who  was  hanged  for  piracy,  etc.,  in  1701.  The 
Le  Marie  incident  is  only  interesting  to  us  because  Wenyngton 
acted  as  a  Commissioner,  and  that  he  was  probably  appointed, 
when  other  commissioners  had  failed,  on  account  of  his  position 
and  knowledge  of  shipping  and  such  matters. 


56  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

On  the  10th  February,  1460,  the  King  ordered  a  grant  of  ^10 
yearly  for  life  to  Robert  Wenyngton,  whom  he  calls  "  our  well- 
beloved  Robert  Wenyngton  of  Dertmouth." — £10  represents 
approximately  £160  of  our  present-day  currency.  It  was  to  be 
levied  from  the  Customs  and  Subsidies  in  the  Ports  of  Exeter 
and  Dartmouth.  The  original  grant,  which  is  in  Latin,  is  at  the 
PubUc  Record  Office.  It  has  already  been  stated  that  Robert 
Wenyngton  and  Thomas  Gale  were  Collectors  of  the  Customs 
for  the  Ports  of  Dartmouth  and  Exeter,  so  this  grant  may  have 
been  a  retiring  pension.  On  the  other  hand,  it  may  have  been 
and  probably  was  given  in  recognition  of  his  public  services ; 
there  is  little  doubt  that  Wenyngton  must  have  sacrificed  much 
in  the  King's  service  ;  at  any  rate  the  King  refers  to  "  the  good 
and  unpaid  service  which  he  has  on  many  occasions  heretofore 
rendered  to  us,  to  our  great  satisfaction,  and  will  hereafter 
render."  We  have  been  able  to  survey  incidents  in  the  life  of 
Wenyngton  for  over  twenty  years,  and  it  may  not  unfairly  be 
assumed  that  at  the  date  of  the  grant  he  was  between  50  and 
60  years  of  age. 

Wenyngton,  then,  it  may  confidently  be  asserted,  instead  of 
being  what  we  ordinarily  mean  by  a  pirate,  was  exactly  the 
opposite.  Responsible  public  positions  he  occupied,  commissions 
he  bore — royal  commissions — at  various  times  during  the  period 
of  twenty  years  under  two  monarchs  and  many  statesmen.  It 
may  be  that  sometimes  through  an  excess  of  zeal  he  exceeded 
his  orders,  but  the  fact  that  on  each  occasion  he  shortly  after- 
wards found  his  offence  condoned  and  substantially  recognized 
by  way  of  a  fresh  Commission  from  the  Crown,  substantiated 
his  claim  to  our  respect,  if  not  our  admiration. 

To  call  him  a  pirate  in  the  ordinary  sense  is  quite  as  absurd 
as  to  call  Drake  a  pirate  ;  each  of  them  was  officially  trusted 
with  money,  and  obviously,  so  far  from  diverting  that  money  to 
his  own  use,  each  of  them  formed  an  official  channel  for  the 
Royal  treasure  to  reach  the  King,  and  in  this  connection  the 
fact  I  have  just  mentioned,  that  Edward  IV  gave  him  a  grant, 
is  peculiarly  significant,  because  Edward  IV,  beyond  all  other 
monarchs,  had  the  loyal  support  of  wealthy  London,  that  is  to 
say,  he  was  trusted  by  the  capitalists.  If,  then,  we  seek  to 
apply  the  axiom  that  men  of  action  must  be  judged  by  the 
standard  of  men  of  action,  we  may  claim  on  behalf  of  Wenyngton 
that  not  only  has  he  been  judged  by  the  standard  of  men  of 
action,  but  by  men  of  action  themselves,  for  the  latest  con- 
temporary tribute  to  his  character  and  conduct  consists  in  this 
signal  method  of  recognizing  his  merits. 


Adventurers  AH  57 


Adventurers  All. 

[By  courtesy  of  Mr.  Holbrook  Jaclcson.  editor  of  "To-day."] 

August  fifteen-seventy-three, 

Thunder  of  guns  in  Pl\  mouth  Sound, 
Drake  is  home  from  the  Golden  Sea, 
Back  from  the  Isles  of  Wonder ; 
And  this  is  the  song  that  the  loud  guns  sing, 
Fresh  from  their  wide  adventuring, 

"  Who'll  sail  with  us  the  whole  world  round 
And  chase  the  Don  for  plunder  ?  " 

Sea-king  ne'er  lacked  followers  long, 

Devonshire  lads  are  first  to  go. 
Stout  hearts  throb  as  the  booming  song 

Heralds  the  grim  sea-rover ; 
"  Oh,  who  will  away  with  my  hardy  crew 
In  quest  of  lands  where  dreams  come  true  ? 

My  culverin  and  gav  cross-bow 
Have  sung  the  wide  world  over  !  " 

Drake  has  found  a  mariner's  bed 
(Devonshire  lads  are  like  to  rove), 

Safe  the  sea  keeps  England's  dead 
Who  roamed  the  oceans  seven  ; 

And  ever  the  wind  over  drift  and  tang 

Sings  as  of  old  the  cannon  sang 

When  Drake  came  beating  up  the  cove, 

"Who  sails  to-day  from  Devon  ?  " 

Percy  Hasclden. 


58  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


Notes  and  Gleanings. 

A  Devonian  Centenarian. 

One  hundred  years  is  a  span  of  life  which  is  granted  to  only 
a  very  small  number  of  persons,  and  smaller  still  is  the  number 
of  whom  it  can  be  said  that  they  have  enjoyed  so  long  a  life. 

There  is,  however,  still  living  at  Harrow-on-the-Hill  a  lady 
who  was  born  near  Plymouth  on  September  17th,  1816,  and 
who  can  look  back  over  a  happy  Hfe  quietly  and  usefully  spent, 
whose  mental  faculties  are  still  active,  whose  interest  in  present- 
day  affairs  is  still  fairly  keen,  whose  memory  is  clear  and  well 
stored,  and  whose  physical  powers,  although,  of  course, 
considerably  abated,  are  yet  sufficiently  serviceable  to  enable 
her  not  only  to  sit  in  her  garden,  but  also  to  take  short  walks 
along  the  public  roadway. 

Miss  Bessie  Wotton  came  from  Devonshire  when  quite  a 
child.  Her  father  had  a  relative  who  was  a  partner  in  a  firm 
which  at  that  time  leased  the  toll  gates  where  contributions 
were  levied  on  all  traffic  which  passed  along  the  chief  thorough- 
fares, and  Mr.  Wotton  was  placed  in  charge  of  one  of  these 
gates  situated  near  the  historic  Tyburn.  Preferring  the  quieter 
life  of  the  country,  he  was  after  a  few  months  transferred  to 
the  gate  situated  in  the  London  Road,  Harrow,  at  the  junction 
of  two  roads  on  the  crest  of  Sudbury  Hill,  only  a  few  yards 
from  the  spot  where  Miss  Wotton  is  spending  the  evening  of 
her  life. 

Mr  Wotton  did  not  reside  entirely  at  the  toll  house.  He 
purchased  a  piece  of  ground  and  built  a  second  residence  in 
the  village  of  Alperton,  about  three  miles  distant,  and  was  in 
the  habit  of  walking  daily  to  and  from  his  official  and  private 
residences,  a  journey  which  Miss  Wotton  also  frequently  made. 

Miss  Wotton's  recollection  of  these  times  is  still  very  clear. 
The  tolls  were  collected  from  the  toll  houses  by  one  of  the 
lessees  (her  father's  relative),  who  went  his  rounds  on  horseback 
armed  with  loaded  pistols  for  protection  from  the  attentions 
of  highwaymen.  There  were  seats  in  the  porch  outside  the 
door  of  the  old  toll  house,  and  Miss  Wotton  remembers  people 
sitting  there  and  discussing  the  news  of  the  day.  Affi.xed  to 
the  side  of  the  toll  house  was  a  large  board  showing  the  different 
rates  payable  for  sheep  and  other  animals,  a  riding  horse,  a 
cart,  a  carriage  and  pair,  etc.  On  the  abolition  of  the  turn- 
pikes. Miss  Wotton  retired  to  the  quaint  old-fashioned  cottage, 


^ 


<  \ 

<  ?^ 
z  >. 

Z  I 

<  ^ 

o  ^ 

>  - 


> 


Notes  and  Gleanings  59 


with  thick  walls  and  recessed  windows,  which  she  now  occupies, 
the  \\-indow  looking  out  over  a  small  front  lawn  to  the  main 
London  Road,  along  which  rolls  traffic  very  different  from  that 
of  her  carlv  recollections. 

Miss  Wotton  has  many  times  visited  Devonshire,  and,  learning 
that  her  interviewer  was  a  native  of  Tiverton,  recalled  the  fact 
that  as  a  young  woman  she  spent  a  week  in  that  town  with  the 
widow  of  a  former  rector.  Having  resided  for  so  manv  years 
in  Harrow,  she  recollects  all  the  head  masters  of  Harrow  School, 
from  Dr.  Drury  downwards.  Dr.  Butler  she  remembers  well, 
and  she  for  a  time  lived  with  the  wife  of  another  head-master. 
Dr.  Longley,  who  afterwards  became  Archbishop  Longley. 
This  ladv  was  a  sister  of  the  Earl  of  Damley. 

Miss  Wotton  has  been  identified  with  the  religious  life  ot 
Harrow  from  childhood — first  as  a  Sunday  scholar  and  after- 
wards as  a  teacher,  and  with  her  brother  was  interested  and 
assisted  in  the  musical  service  of  her  church.  Her  sympathies 
are  broad,  and  it  has  been  a  pleasure  to  her  to  give  both  to  her 
own  and  other  churches,  Harrow  Nonconformist  bodies  having 
had  practical  proof  of  her  good  wishes  on  se  eral  occasions. 

In  her  present  residence  she  had  for  some  years  the  popular 
writer  for  boys,  Mr.  R.  M.  Ballantvne,  and  his  wife,  as  her  next- 
door  neighbours.  She  knew  Charles  Kingslev,  and  remembers 
many  other  notable  men  of  a  generation  which  has  passed  away. 

Before  her  interviewer  left  she  showed  him  a  book  in  which 
she  had  carefully  pasted  the  telegram  she  received  from  the 
King  congratulating  her  on  the  attainment  of  her  hundredth 
birthday,  and  she  referred  to  the  very  kind  messages  and  visits 
she  had  received  from  a  host  of  well-wishers.  Upon  my  thank- 
ing her  for  receiving  me,  and  expressing  the  hope  that  I  had 
not  tired  her,  she  assured  me  that  it  was  a  pleasure  for  her  o 
indulgo  in  these  reminiscences,  and  I  left  her  with  the  impres- 
sion of  an  intelligent  lady,  who  was  an  excellent  conversation- 
alist, with  a  mind  well  stored  with  interesting  impressions  and 
recollections  gathered  during  a  long  life  in  which  leisure  had 
Ixien  devoted  to  helpfulness.  Her  recollections  were  illustrated 
with  several  anecdotes,  and  the  half  hour  I  spent  with  her  was 
an  experience,  a  pleasure,  and  a  privilege  I  would  not  willingly 
have  missed.  Francis  A.  Perry. 

Another   Devonian   Centenarian. 

Earlier  in  the  year,  on  February  26th,  another  native  of 
Devon  attained  her  hundredth  birthday.  This  was  Mrs.  Sarah 
Downing,  who  was  bom  in  1816  at  Bcckland,  in  the  parish  of 
Hartland,  and  now  lives  with  her  daughter  (Mrs.  Harding)  at 


6o  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 7 

Roath,  Cardiff.  Although  she  cannot  get  out  of  doors,  she  is 
able  to  move  about  without  aid.  Her  only  infirmities  are  deaf- 
ness and  defective  sight  ;  otherwise  she  is  well  and  hearty,  and 
bears  but  little  indication  of  her  years.  Her  father,  Francis 
Cory,  was  a  farm  labourer  in  receipt  of  only  five  shillings  a  week 
wages,  and  yet  he  managed  to  bring  up  four  children,  one  son 
and  three  daughters.  "  He  was  billeted  out  for  the  winter  with 
one  farmer  or  another."  Sarah  was  baptized  on  March  24th, 
1816,  by  the  Rev.  William  Chanter,  who  himself  Hved  to  the  age 
of  92,  and,  when  she  was  nine  years  old,  she  was  bound  parish 
apprentice  at  Brownsham  farm  until  she  was  twenty-one.  She 
remembers  going  up  Newberry  Hill  on  her  way  to  church,  and 
hearing  the  "  beautifullest  "  bells  ring  from  the  old  tower  ;  they 
were  then  new,  having  been  recast  in  1826.  The  only  "  carriage 
folks"  who  attended  the  church  came  from  Hartland  Abbev.  On 
attaining  her  majority  she  removed  to  Woolley,  in  the  adjoining 
parish  of  Morwenstow,  and  on  March  26th,  1837,  she  was  married 
by  the  eccentric  vicar,  the  Rev.  R.  S.  Hawker,  to  John  Downing, 
a  farm  labourer  of  that  parish.  During  the  half-century  and 
more  that  she  lived  in  Morwenstow  she  was  connected  with  the 
sect  of  dissenters  then  known  as  "  Bible  Christians,"  but  now 
incorporated  in  the  "  United  Methodist  Church."  Since  the 
death  of  her  husband,  in  1890,  she  has  lived  in  Cardiff  with  two 
of  her  children,  but  prior  to  that  date  she  had  never,  so  far  as 
she  recollects,  travelled  by  railway,  for  her  home  was  eight  miles 
from  the  nearest  railway  station.  Altogether  she  has  had  six 
children,  three  of  whom  are  still  alive.  There  are  thirty-seven 
grandchildren,  a  very  large  number  of  great-grandchildren,  and 
two  or  three  great-great-grandchildren,  making  up  five  genera- 
tions— a  truly  remarkable  family. 

A   Third   Devonian    Centenarian. 

Even  centenarians  cannot  live  for  ever,  but  the  third  on  the 
list  had  reached  his  103rd  year  when  he  passed  away  at  Stone- 
house  on  Boxing-day.  His  name  was  Samuel  Stidwill,  and  he 
was  born  in  the  north-west  corner  of  the  county,  and  lived  up 
to  the  age  of  75  or  more  at  Brandiscomer,  where  he  carried  on 
the  trade  of  carpenter  and  wheelwright.  His  industry  and 
integrity  won  for  him  general  respect,  and  he  numbered  among 
his  trade  customers  some  of  the  leading  residents  of  the  district. 
His  father  had  carried  on  a  similar  business  at  Brandiscomer 
before  him.  The  deceased  and  his  wife,  who  died  about  30 
years  ago,  brought  up  a  family  of  eleven  children.  The  eldest 
daughter  is  now  in  her  81st  year,  and  the  youngest  son  about 
60  years  of  age.     Five  of  the  children  survive,  including  a  son 


Notes  and  Gleanings  6i 


in  Canada  and  another  living  in  Plymouth.  Four  grandsons 
and  two  great-grandsons  are  serving  in  the  army,  two  of  them 
havng  earned  commissioned  rank.  To  the  last  the  deceased 
was  possessed  of  all  his  faculties,  and  up  to  three  weeks  of  his 
death  took  his  walks  alone.  He  was  a  non-smoker,  and  a  great 
believer  in  hard  work  and  the  simple  life. 

A  Dartmouth  V.C. 

Among  the  recipients  of  the  Victoria  Cross  during  the  year 
1916  is  a  Dartmouth  man,  Private  Theodore  William  Henry 
Veale,  of  the  Devonshire  Regiment.  He  is  the  son  of  a  builder 
living  in  that  home  of  Devon's  bravest  sons,  and  is  twenty-four 
years  of  age.  According  to  the  official  account,  the  award  was 
made  "  for  most  conspicuous  bravery.  Hearing  that  a  wounded 
officer  was  lying  out  in  front.  Private  Veale  went  out  in  search, 
and  found  him  lying  amidst  growing  com  within  fifty  yards  of 
the  enemy.  He  dragged  the  officer  to  a  shell  hole,  returned 
for  water,  and  took  it  out.  Finding  he  could  not  single-handed 
carry  in  the  officer,  he  returned  for  assistance,  and  took  out 
two  volunteers.  One  of  the  party  was  killed  when  carrying 
the  officer,  and  heavy  fire  necessitated  leaving  the  officer  in 
a  shell  hole.  At  dusk  Private  Veale  went  out  again  with 
volunteers  to  bring  in  the  officer.  Whilst  doing  this  an  enemy 
patrol  was  observed  approaching.  Private  Veale  at  once  went 
back  and  procured  a  Lewis  gun,  and  with  the  fire  of  the  gun 
he  covered  the  party,  and  the  officer  was  finally  carried  to 
safety.  The  courage  and  determination  displa\'ed  was  of  the 
highest  order." 

In  a  recent  letter  home,  Veale  gave  an  account  of  the  rescue. 
He  stated  that  while  he  was  in  the  trenches  a  cry  for  help  was 
heard  in  front.  A  few  minutes  previously  a  man  had  been  seen 
waving  his  hand,  and  it  was  thought  that  a  German  wanted  to 
give  himself  up.  On  hearing  the  cry,  however,  he  got  out  of 
the  trench,  went  across  the  open  under  fire,  and  was  surprised 
to  find  a  wounded  British  officer  close  to  the  Germans.  After 
describing  the  earlier  part  of  his  adventure,  he  said  : — 

"  I  crawled  back  again  and  got  two  more  men  and  a  corporal 
to  come  out  with  a  waterproof  sheet,  which  we  put  him  on.  We 
got  about  80  yards,  and  when  going  over  a  bit  of  a  bridge  they 
shot  the  corporal  through  the  head.  I  made  the  officer  comfort- 
able in  a  hole.  I  went  back  for  a  team  and  also  for  water.  When 
evening  came  I  led  the  way  for  our  chaplain  (Captain  Duff)  and 
Sergeant  Smith.  We  reached  him  just  before  dark,  and  as  we 
were  about  to  carry  him  in  we  '  spotted  '  the  Germans  creeping 
up.     I,  not  thinking,  stood  up,  ran  like  hell  about  150  yards 


62  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

to  the  trenches  for  my  gun.  I  raced  out  again  and  covered  him 
(the  wounded  officer)  and  the  others  while  they  got  in  with  him." 
— The  Times. 

Salcombe  Lifeboat  Disaster. 

On  Friday,  October  27th,  1916,  an  appaUing  calamity  befell 
the  South  Devon  port  of  Salcombe.  The  lifeboat  had  been 
called  out  about  six  o'clock  in  the  morning  to  render  assistance 
to  the  schooner  Western  Lass,  which  was  reported  to  be  wrecked 
on  Meg  Rock,  near  Prawle  Point.  In  spite  of  the  furious  gale 
that  was  raging  and  the  tempestuous  breakers  on  Salcombe 
Bar,  the  gallant  crew  of  fifteen  succeeded  in  getting  out  to  sea, 
and  in  reaching  the  vessel  that  was  in  distress  ;  then,  finding 
that  the  schooner's  crew  had  been  rescued  by  the  rocket 
apparatus  of  Prawle,  and  that  no  further  help  was  needed, 
they  started  on  their  return  voyage,  but  in  crossing  the  Bar 
their  little  craft  was  capsized,  and  all  but  two  of  their  number 
were  drowned.  Most  of  them  were  married  men,  who  leave  not 
only  their  widows  but  also  twelve  very  young  children  to  mourn 
their  loss.  The  victims  were  Samuel  Distin  (coxswain),  Peter 
Foale,  senior  (second  coxswain),  and  his  two  sons,  Peter  and 
WiUiam,  Frank  Cudd,  John  Cudd  (a  volunteer),  Ashley  Cook, 
Thomas  Putt,  Bert  Wood,  James  Canham,  Albert  Distin, 
James  Cove,  and  WiUiam  Lamble.  The  survivors  were  William 
Johnson  and  Eddie  Distin,  the  former  of  whom  gives  the  follow- 
ing graphic  account  of  the  disaster  : — 

"  It  was  between  six  and  seven  o'clock  when  we  had  the 
summons  to  turn  out,  and  the  crew  quickly  assembling  we 
were  soon  ready  to  start.  There  was  never  any  hesitation 
about  our  ability  to  get  over  the  Bar.  We  knew  we  could  do 
that  all  right.  We  did.  The  boat,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  went 
out  splendidly,  though  a  Httle  jumpily,  because  there  was,  no 
doubt  about  it,  a  very  nasty  sea.  I  have  been  going  out  in 
the  lifeboat  eighteen  or  nineteen  years,  and  I  don't  remember 
any  such  weather.  We  had  two  reefs  in  the  mainsail,  a  reef 
in  the  foresail,  and  a  close-reefed  mizzen.  We  went  up  around 
the  Prawle,  and  when  we  got  there  we  saw  the  vessel  which 
was  in  distress — a  two-masted  schooner.  We  ventured  inshore 
as  far  as  we  dared,  and  discovered  that  the  crew  could  almost 
walk  ashore,  and  were  therefore  not  wanting  any  help  from  us. 
Finding  we  were  not  wanted  we  started  to  go  back  to  Salcombe, 
and  as  there  was  no  recall  signal  continued  on  our  way. 

"As  we  sailed  homeward  the  sea  got  worse,  and  we  all  got 
pretty  wet  from  the  heavy  seas  breaking  over  us.  Some  of  the 
crew  suggested  as  we  neared  Salcombe  the  advisabilit3'  of  not 


Notes  and  Gleanings  63 


attempting  to  cross  the  Bar,  but  the  majority  had  confidence 
that  the  Hfcboat  would  prove  equal  to  carrying  us  over  ;  and 
as  we  were  all,  moreover,  wet,  had  very  little  money  in  our 
pockets,  and  anxious  to  get  home,  now  so  near,  the  verdict  was 
given  in  favour  of  returning  over  the  Bar  to  Salcombe.  We 
saw,  of  course,  how  badly  the  sea  was  breaking  over  the  Bar, 
and  realized  that  we  should  have  need  of  all  our  seamanship 
to  carry  us  over.  The  coxswain  said  '  She  will  go  in  ;  she  is 
bound  to  go  in,  never  fear.'  Twice  we  approached  the  Bar, 
and  then  the  coxswain  put  her  head  away  for  the  breakers. 
At  last  our  opportunity  seemed  to  come.  We  took  in  the  sails 
and  put  out  the  drogue,  and  were  in  the  act  of  unshipping  the 
mast  and  getting  the  oars  out  for  the  pull  in  when  a  tremendous 
sea  struck  and  capsized  the  boat.  We  clambered  on  to  her 
bottom,  but  were  twice  washed  off,  and  each  time  I  managed 
to  grab  and  help  a  chiun  back.  The  coxswain  looked  to  me 
and  asked  me  what  I  thought  of  our  chances,  and  I  told  him 
'  Not  much.'  Then  we  were  all  swept  into  the  sea  again,  and 
I  remembered  nothing  until  I  found  myself  on  a  rock  some  little 
distance  from  the  shore,  with  Eddie  Distin  on  another  a  few 
feet  off.  The  waves  broke  over  the  rock  and  swished  and 
swirled  round  it,  but  somehow  I  managed  to  hold  on.  Then  the 
rescuers  came,  and  of  what  happened  subsequently  I  have  onl\ 
the  haziest  recollection.  My  watch  stopped  at  11.20  a.m.,  so 
that  must  have  been  the  time,  I  suppose,  that  we  were  thrown 
in  the  water." 

"  Toll  for  the  brave  ! 

The  brave  that  aje  no  more  ! 

All  sunk  beneath  the  wave. 

Fast  by  their  native  shore  !  " 

A  Devon  Man's  Bravery  at  Sea. 

A  brave  exploit  of  a  Devon  man.  Captain  Leshe  Webb,  son  of 
the  well-known  physician,  Dr.  Webb,  of  Exeter,  was  recorded 
in  the  Times  of  Dec.  6th,  1915.  His  ship,  an  auxiliary  steamer, 
on  her  way  home  from  India,  ran  among  the  German  submarines 
soon  after  midnight  in  the  middle  of  November.  The  Cunard 
steamship  Carta  and  the  liner  Clan  Macalister  had  been  sent  to 
the  bottom,  while  another  ship  was  also  sunk  at  hand  ;  but 
Webb,  with  rare  pluck  and  seamanship,  came  to  the  assistance 
of  the  boats,  and  was  instrumental  in  saving  the  lives  of  82  men 
from  the  submarined  vessels.  Twice  he  turned  back  and  ran 
the  gauntlet,  splendidly  served  by  his  officers  and  crew.  At 
Malta  the  Admiral  sent  for  Captain  Webb,  and  said,  "  You  have 
done  what  not  one  man  in  a  hundred  would  have  done.  I  am 
proud  to  shake  hands  with  you." 


64  TJie  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


The  Last  of  the  Classical  Tourists. 

"  By  the  death  at  Oxford,  on  the  2nd  of  June,  1916,  of  the  Rev. 
Henry  Fanshawe  Tozer,  at  the  ripe  age  of  87,  classical  scholar- 
ship in  England  has  lost  one  of  its  oldest  representatives. 

"  The  only  son  of  Captain,  afterwards  Admiral,  Tozer,  R.N., 
he  was  bom  at  Plymouth  in  1829,  went  to  Winchester  in  1842, 
during  the  headmastership  of  Moberly,  and  matriculated  at 
University  College,  Oxford,  in  1847.  He  was  for  a  year  the 
pupil  of  Arthur  Penrhyn  Stanley,  and  passed  on  to  Exeter 
College  as  a  Devonshire  Scholar  in  1848,  becoming  a  Devonshire 
Fellow  in  1850.  His  Fellowship  was  vacated  in  1868  by  his 
marriage  with  Miss  Satow,  the  sister  of  Sir  Ernest  Satow,  but 
he  was  re-elected  in  1882,  and  was  later  elected  Honorary  Fellow. 

"  His  experience  of  travel  began  after  his  election  to  a  Fellow- 
ship, when  he  spent  some  months  in  Italy,  Sicily,  and  Greece,  in 
days  when  such  expeditions  were  still  attended  with  hardship  in 
the  two  latter  countries,  and  his  reputation  was  first  established 
by  his  '  Researches  in  the  Highlands  of  Turkey,'  published  in 
1869.  This  was  followed  by  '  Lectures  on  the  Geography  of 
Greece '  in  1883,  and  later  by  the  '  Primer  of  Classical 
Geography.'  His  next  work  was  a  new  edition  of  Finlay's 
Greece,  for  which  he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  Byzantine 
history.  He  also  wrote  '  The  Church  and  the  Eastern  JEmpire,' 
a  masterly  summary  published  in  1883,  '  Turkish  Armenia  and 
Eastern  Asia  Minor  '  (1881),  and  '  The  Isles  of  the  Egean  '  (1890). 
He  also  edited  selections  from  Strabo  in  1893.  All  his  work 
was  characterized  by  accurate  observation  and  sound  knowledge. 
He  may  be  deemed  the  last  and  most  scientific  of  the  Classical 
Tourists,  the  precursors  of  the  excavator  and  archaeologist  of 
the  present  day. 

"  Mr.  Tozer  was  Tutor  of  Exeter  College  for  nearly  forty 
years.  No  tutor  was  ever  more  devoted  to  the  interests  of  his 
pupils.  An  excellent  linguist,  he  was  specially  proficient  in 
modem  Greek  and  Italian,  and  was  one  of  the  first  members  of 
the  Oxford  Dante  Society.  He  also  published  at  the  Clarendon 
Press  an  English  Commentary  on  the  Divma  Commedia,  as  well 
as  a  prose  translation  of  the  same  poem,  both  admirable  pieces 
of  work.  Nature  formed  him  to  be  a  student  and  traveller,  and 
he  was  fortunate  in  being  able  to  follow  the  bent  of  his  genius. 
He  had  survived  most  of  his  contemporaries,  but  never  lost  the 
power  of  making  friends  among  younger  men.  He  has  an 
assured  place  among  English  writers  on  classical  subjects  in  the 
19th  century,  and  will  be  gratefully  remembered  by  all  who 
knew  him." — The  Times. 


Notes  and  Gleanings  65 


A   Famous   Ecclesiastical   Sculptor. 

On  January  5th,  1916,  died  Mr.  Harry  Hems,  who  for  half  a 
century  had  been  one  of  the  best  known  of  Exeter's  citizens, 
and  had  gained  a  world-wide  reputation  in  connection  with  his 
craft  as  a  sculptor.  According  to  the  Western  Weekly  News  : 
"  He  was  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  men  Exeter  ever  knew. 
The  present  generation  know  him  by  repute,  and  are  perhaps 
inclined  to  look  upon  the  anecdotes  associated  with  his  name 
as  overdrawn,  and,  at  any  rate,  savouring  greatly  of  the  doings 
of  one  who  at  a  time  when  the  art  was  little  knowTi,  forestalled 
his  generation  and  realized  the  value  of  advertising.  His  friends 
will  not  deny — nor,  could  he  speak,  would  he  wish  them  to — 
his  unalloyed  joy  in  notoriety.  He  loved  it  ;  and  he  used  it 
for  the  purposes  of  his  business  in  a  perfectly  legitimate  way, 
feeding  the  public  with  the  sensation  they  liked,  and  enjoying 
in  the  background  the  humour  and  the  kudos  of  it.  Under- 
lying this  trait,  however,  was  a  genuine  spirit  of  philanthropy, 
the  skill  of  a  great  craftsman,  the  industry  without  which  no 
amount  of  advertising  can  achieve  its  aim,  a  love  of  travel, 
and  a  capacity  for  assimilating  and  applying  experience.  Above 
all  he  possessed  the  gift  of  hmnour.  Thousands  of  Exeter 
poor  learned  to  love  his  name.  He  was  a  constant  and  ever- 
welcome  visitor  of  the  sick.  Specimens  of  his  craftsmanship 
find  honoured  places  in  some  of  the  world's  most  famous 
fanes  " 

He  described  himself  as  being  "  a  cross  between  Whitechapel 
and  Yorkshire."  He  was  bom,  presumably  in  Whitechapel,  in 
1842,  and,  when  he  was  thirteen,  his  parents  moved  from 
Islington  to  Sheffield,  his  mother's  native  place.  There  he  was 
apprenticed  to  Arthur  Haybalt,  a  great  wood-carver  of  his 
day,  and  attended  the  Sheffield  School  of  Art.  He  excelled  in 
athletics,  and  was  one  of  the  first  to  join  the  Volunteer  move- 
ment. At  the  expiration  of  his  apprenticeship,  he  went  to 
London,  and  in  1866  he  was  sent  as  a  journeyman  sculptor  to 
Exeter,  to  work  on  the  Royal  Albert  Memorial  Museum.  On 
^'merging  from  St.  David's  station  he  stumbled  upon  an  old 
horseshoe,  which  he  picked  up  "  for  luck,"  and  afterwards  had 
gilded  and  fixed  in  a  place  of  honour  in  front  of  his  business 
premises. 

Among  his  more  noteworthy  works  may  be  mentioned  the 
restoration  of  the  high  altar  screen  at  St.  Albans  Abbey,  and 
the  embellishment  of  St.  Louis  Cathedral ;  but  there  are  other 
specimens  at  Brisbane,  Chicago,  and  practically  all  over  the 
world.    At  the  great  exhibitions  at  Philadelphia  in  1876,  Chicago 

5 


66  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

in  1893,  Antwerp  in  1894,  he  received  medals  and  the  highest 
possible  awards  ;  and  at  other  exhibitions  he  obtained  numerous 
medals  and  distinctions.  In  his  will  he  expressed  the  desire 
"  that  the  '  Chicago  '  rood  beam  shall  be  placed  in  the  chancel 
of  St.  Sidwell's  Church,  and  the  following  inscription  placed 
thereon  : — '  This  Chicago  beam  was  made  by  Harry  Hems, 
sculptor,  of  this  parish,  who  Uved  and  flourished  here,  1869-19     , 

and  died  .  having  received  the  highest  attainable  honours 

awarded  at  the  World's  Fair,  Chicago,  1893,  and  the  gold  medal 
at  the  International  Exhibition,  Antwerp,  the  following  year, 
for  the  work.'  " 

In  addition  to  his  work  as  a  sculptor,  he  was  a  prolific  writer 
to  the  technical  and  antiquarian  papers.  During  a  period  of 
thirty  or  forty  years  it  was  said  of  him  that  he  wrote  more 
signed  articles  upon  technical  and  general  subjects  than  any 
single  man  living.  In  a  letter  written  on  May  22nd,  1909,  he 
said  :  "  I  happen  to  possess  over  33,000  press  notices  of  myself, 
all  bound  up  and  indexed,  and  any  one  of  them  ready  to  be 
turned  to  at  any  moment  (extending  from  Jan.  31st,  1868,  down 
to  five  of  to-day's  date,  added  thereto  this  morning)." 

He  was  a  devoted  and  valuable  friend  of  the  Exeter  Hospitals, 
and  it  is  said  that  he  was  the  originator  in  England  of  the 
Hospital  Saturday  movement.  Under  the  spur  of  his  enthusi- 
asm and  generosity,  Christmas-day  treats  were  annually  given 
by  him  to  old  and  broken-down  citizens  of  Exeter. 

Stories  of  his  practical  jokes  and  of  his  genius  for  obtaining 
publicity  are  almost  without  number.  One  of  the  smartest  of 
these  exploits  arose  out  of  a  dispute  with  the  Income  Tax 
Commissioners.  Finally,  distraint  was  levied,  and  the  authori- 
ties were  compelled  to  force  an  entrance  into  his  premises.  An 
auction  was  held,  and  Mr.  Hems  himself  prepared  a  catalogue 
of  the  goods  to  be  sold,  including  the  crowbar  with  which  an 
entrance  was  forced,  his  "  faithful  bulldog.  Bob,"  "  the  twelve 
Apostles,"  and  a  number  of  "  tombstones  suitable  for  the  graves 
of  Income  Tax  Commissioners."  Reports  of  the  proceedings 
were  reproduced  in  newspapers  all  over  the  world,  and  everybody 
laughed  at  the  way  in  which  Hems  had  made  "  the  twelve 
Apostles "    pay   his    Income   Tax. 

Undoubtedly  he  rendered  good  service  in  his  day  to  the 
restoration  and  beautification  of  our  churches,  and  if  he  had 
no  very  modest  sense  of  his  own  merits,  his  foible  was  a  very 
harmless  one,  and  was  much  more  than  redeemed  by  his  genuine 
kindness  of  heart  and  liberaUty  to  his  poorer  neighbours. 


\ 


Notes  and  Gleanings  67 


The  Father  of  the  British  Army. 

We  arc  apt  in  these  days  to  forget  what  we  owe  to  that  good 
old  Devonian,  George  Monk,  Duke  of  Albemarle,  "  the  uncrowned 
King  of  England,"  who  preferred  to  be  only  "Captain-General 
under  Parliament  of  all  the  land  forces  in  England,  Scotland, 
and  Ireland."  And  it  is  as  "  Father  of  the  British  Army  " 
that  he  best  deserves  to  be  held  in  remembrance.  "  It  was  he," 
says  Mr.  Julian  Corbett,  "  who,  in  the  few  regiments  that  were 
kept  on  foot  to  overawe  the  Sectaries,  started  its  glorious  tradi- 
tions. It  was  he  who  gave  it  its  unequalled  note  of  duty  and 
devotion.  It  was  he  who  once  and  for  ever  pronounced  that  it 
must  be  a  thing  apart  from  politics,  and  taught  it  that  a  soldier's 
greatest  glory  is  to  obey.  In  every  characteristic  of  which  it 
is  proudest,  or  for  which  we  love  it  best,  glitters  the  stamp  of 
its  first  commander's  personality.  Whether  we  see  its  officers 
rising  in  the  hour  of  peril  above  the  personal  jealousies  which 
have  ruined  so  many  of  our  neighbours'  enterprises,  or  admire 
its  dogged  obstinacy,  its  cheerful  discipline,  and  its  chivalrous 
impatience  of  party  strife  ;  or  whether  we  glory  in  the  strange 
contempt  it  has  ever  shown  for  its  enemies,  making  a  pastime 
of  war — we  have  but  to  turn  and  see  each  finest  trait  reflected 
as  in  a  mirror  of  life  of  the  man  who  gave  it  breath.  Strange, 
indeed,  it  is  that  a  body  in  which  esprit  de  corps  has  reached  its 
noblest  development,  should  have  forgotten  as  it  has  the  hero 
who  begot  it  and  guided  its  first  halting  steps  along  the  splendid 
path  it  was  to  tread." 

And  yet  this  man  who  refused  the  crown  of  England,  who 
occupied  a  position  of  greater  power  and  ascendancy  than  has 
ever  been  held  by  any  Englishman,  before  or  since,  was  but  a 
plain  bluff  soldier,  known  as  "  honest  George,"  laughed  at  by 
everybody  for  his  homeliness  and  stupidity,  his  mean  establish- 
ment, and  his  vulgar  wife,  but,  in  spite  of  this,  loved  and 
revered  by  King  and  people  aUke,  "  the  favourite  of  Pariiament, 
the  dariing  of  the  Houses."  Not  only  did  the  people  love  and 
honour  him,  but  also  they  beUeved  and  trusted  in  him.  Even 
Pepys,  who  disliked  him  very  much,  was  forced  to  admit,  "  I 
know  not  how,  the  blockhead  Albemarle  hath  strange  luck  to 
be  loved,  though  he  be  (and  every  man  must  know  it)  the 
heaviest  man  in  the  world,  but  stout  and  honest  to  his  country." 

Many  anecdotes  are  told  about  him,  but  the  following  is 
not,  I  think,  generally  known.  It  is  told  by  the  French  ambas- 
sador in  a  letter  to  the  King  of  France  in  1663 : — 

"  An  amusing  affair  happened  last  week  in  this  Court.  The 
Earl  of  Oxford,  one  of  the  first  noblemen  of  England,  Knight 


68  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

of  the  Garter  and  an  officer  of  the  Horse  Guards,  asked  to  dinner 
General  Monk,  the  High  Chamberlain  of  the  Kingdom,  and  some 
few  other  Councillors  of  State.  They  were  joined  by  a  number 
of  young  men  of  quality.  The  entertainment  rose  to  such  a 
pitch  that  every  person  happened  to  be  ome  a  party  to  quarrels, 
both  as  offended  and  offender;  they  came  to  blows,  and  tore 
each  other's  hair  ;  two  of  them  drew  their  swords,  which  luckily 
had  a  cooling  effect  on  the  company.  Each  then  went  away 
according  as  he  pleased.  Those  who  followed  the  General 
wanted  some  more  drink,  and  it  was  given  them.  They 
continued  there  till  evening,  and  therefore  wanted  food.  Having 
been  warmed  by  their  morning  and  afternoon  doings,  each 
resolved  to  see  his  companion  a-ground.  The  General,  who  is 
obviously  endowed  with  a  strong  head,  struck  a  master  stroke  ; 
he  presented  to  each  a  goblet  of  the  deepest.  Some  swallowed 
the  contents,  and  some  not  ;  but  all  peaceably  remained  where 
they  were  till  the  following  morning,  without  speaking  to  each 
other,  though  in  the  same  room.  Only  the  General  went  to 
Parliament  as  usual,  with  his  mind  and  thoughts  nothing 
impaired. 

"  There  was  much  laughter  at  this."  (Jusserand,  French 
Ambassador). 

The  First  Volunteer  Corps. 

The  following  letter,  which  appeared  in  the  Standard  of  March 
28th,  1882,  is  not  without  interest  at  the  present  time  : — 

"  Sir, — A  letter  by  *  Emeritus '  in  your  issue  of  March  20th, 
to  which  my  attention  has  been  called,  contains  the  true  state- 
ment that  the  foundation  stone  of  the  Volunteer  Force  was 
laid  long  before  1859,  and  the  writer  goes  on  to  say  that  it  was 
fully  six  years  previous  to  this  that  the  Victoria  Rifles  first 
appeared  in  the  Army  List,  and  in  the  same  year  the  1st  Devon 
Rifle  Volunteers  were  also  formed.  I  beg  to  claim  priority  for 
the  Devonshire  Regiment.  The  date  of  the  first  commissions 
in  this  corps  was  January  4,  1853,  while  the  date  of  the  earUest 
commissions  in  the  Victorias  was  August  4,  1853.  I  have  no 
wish  to  detract  from  the  very  great  credit  due  to  those  patriotic 
men  who  raised  the  Victoria  corps,  but  I  wish  to  put  it  on 
record,  that  the  1st  Devon  Rifle  Volunteers  was  the  first  regu- 
larly organized  force  raised  in  this  country,  and  was  in  full  work 
before  a  single  officer  of  the  Victorias  held  a  commission.  It 
stands  first  in  the  Army  List,  and  its  officers  had  the  honour 
of  passing  first  before  her  Majesty  at  the  Volunteer  Levee  held 
some  years  ago.  It  has  been  stated  that  the  1st  Devon  Rifle 
Volunteers  was  merely  a  rifle  club.     I  therefore  beg  to  subjoin 


Notes  and  Gleanings  69 


a  few  facts,  with  their  dates,  to  clear  awav  this  mistaken  idea. 
I  may  state  at  the  commencement  that  Dr.  Bucknill  was  the 
originator  and  founder  of  the  1st  Devon  Volunteer  Rifles.  He 
first  entertained  the  idea  of  raising  a  corps,  and  during  the  year 
1852  worked  at  its  organization.  Dr.  Bucknill  proposes  the 
formation  of  a  Rifle  Corps  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Devonshire, 
January  27,  1852.  Sir  George  Grey's  answer  to  the  Lord 
Lieutenant's  Memorial  on  the  subject,  February  16,  1852. 
Mr.  Secretary  Walpole  lavs  the  offer  of  the  corps  before  the 
Queen,  who  accepts,  March  26,  1852.  First  muster  in  uniform, 
October  6,  1852.  Nine  officers  received  their  commissions, 
January  4,  1853.  Two  first  parades,  January  12  and  13,  1853. 
Three  companies  inspected  by  General  Sir  Harry  Smith,  March 
31,  1853.  At  the  time  when  the  founder  of  the  1st  Volunteer 
Rifles  wrote  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  his  county  upon  the 
subject,  there  was  no  Volunteer  Rifle  regiment  in  the  island. 
Lord  Palmerston,  in  a  speech  to  the  Commons,  on  being  twitted 
with  having  looked  coldly  upon  the  Volunteer  movement, 
replied,  "  Why,  I  was  the  minister  who  accepted  the  services 
of  the  1st  Devon  Volunteer  Rifles,  the  first  Volunteer  corps  in 
England." 

I  hope  you  will  allow  me  space  for  this  shot  for  the  honour 
of  Devonshire.  It  is  always  right,  and  is  more  especially  right 
in  these  da\s  of  territorial  Army  schemes,  to  stand  up  for  one's 
county,  and  I  declare,  in  the  face  of  all  comers,  that  the  first 
Volunteer  Rifle  (  orps  or  Regiment  that  ever  was  raised  in 
England  was  the  corps  whose  headquarters  have  been  at  Exeter 
since  October,  1852,  and  that  this  regiment  was  raised  by  John 
Charles  Bucknill,  M.D.,  at  that  time  physician  of  the  Devon 
County  Asylum,  but  now  of  Hillmorton  Hall,  Warwickshire. — 
I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant,  George  Pycroft,  Assistant- 
Surgeon,  D.A.V.,  formerly  on  the  Committee  of  the  1st  D.V.R., 
1852.— Kenton,  March  26." 

The  Apostle  of  the  Germans. 

A  pathetic,  almost  a  tragic,  interest  is  aroused  by  the  appear- 
ance at  the  present  time  of  the  first  published  translation  into 
English  of  the  contemporary  biography  of  Saint  Boniface, 
Archbishop  of  Mainz  and  martyr.  Boniface,  whose  original 
name  was  Winfrith,  was  born  at  Crediton  about  675,  and  is 
generally  known  as  the  Apostle  of  the  Germans.  "The  title  is 
misapplied  if  taken  to  mean  that  he  was  the  first  to  preach  the 
Gospel  to  that  people  ;  but  as  meaning  that  he  did  more  than 
any  other  man  to  convert  them  to  Christianity  it  is  amply 
justified.     But  he  was,  besides,  an  ecclesiastical  statesman  who 


70  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

helped  to  shape  the  fortunes  of  Europe  at  a  critical  period. 
Himself  the  finest  representative  oi  the  early  zeal  of  the  EngUsh 
Church  in  the  pursuit  of  learning  and  in  missionary  enterprise, 
he  was  but  one,  though  the  greatest,  of  the  many  devoted 
EngHshmen  who,  in  the  eighth  century,  carried  the  Gospel 
message  to  the  kindred  races  oversea.  His  origin  and  training 
naturally  made  him  the  faithful  servant  of  the  Roman  See.  It 
was  by  Rome  that  he  was  commissioned,  first,  as  simple  priest, 
then  as  Bishop,  and  afterwards  as  Archbishop  and  Papal  Legate, 
to  establish  the  Faith  in  Hesse  and  Thuringia  ;  and  it  was  in 
the  name  of  the  Apostolic  See  that  he  founded  bishoprics  in 
Central  Germany  and  Bavaria.  So  again,  when  the  way  was 
opened  to  him  to  co-operate  with  the  Prankish  princes  in  reform- 
ing the  Gallican  Church,  then  sunk  in  utter  degradation,  he 
became  a  link  between  the  Papacy  and  the  Carolingian  House, 
and  thus  helped  to  create  the  alliance  by  which,  at  the  end  of 
the  centur}^  the  Empire  was  re-established  in  the  West.  Yet 
at  heart  Boniface  was,  first  of  all,  a  missionary  ;  and  it  was 
missionary  zeal  that  sent  him,  when  nearly  eighty  years  old 
and  at  the  height  of  earthly  success,  to  a  martyr's  death  at  the 
hands  of  the  Frisians.  Such  an  end  was  the  fitting  crown  of  a 
noble  career." 

"  No  single  member  of  our  race,  perhaps,  ever  did  so  much  for 
the  German  people.  And  in  the  centuries  that  have  elapsed 
since  his  death  mutual  services  have  been  interchanged  between 
Englishmen  and  Germans  that  should  have  served  to  draw  yet 
closer  the  tie  first  formed  by  the  great  Archbishop.  But  the 
misguided  German  ambitions  of  the  last  forty  years  have  undone 
the  work  of  eleven  centuries,  and  the  memory  of  an  old-standing 
friendship  has  been  blotted  out  on  the  blood-stained  fields  of 
France.  Is  it  possible  that  that  memory  can  ever  be  revived  ?  " 
— Times  Literary  Supplement. 

Drake's  Epitaph. 

Perhaps  no  verse  is  more  generally  associated  with  Drake 
than  the  so-called  epitaph  given  in  Prince's  "  Worthies  of 
Devon  "  : — 

"  The  waves  became  his  winding  sheet ;   the  waters  were  his  tomb  ; 
But,  for  his  fame,  the  ocean  sea  was  not  sufficient  room." 

Prince  himself  avowedly  quotes  from  Risdon,  but  neither 
gives  the  name  of  the  author,  and,  unfortimately,  both  were 
mistaken  in  applying  the  lines  to  Drake.  They  were  really 
written  by  an  Elizabethan  poet,  Richard  Bamfield,  and  were 


Notes  and  Gleanittgs  71 


by  him  applied  to  Hawkins.  They  occur  in  the  preface  of 
"  The  Encomion  of  Lady  Pecunia  :  or,  The  Praise  of  Money," 
1598  :— 

"  I  have  given  Pecunia  the  title  of  a  woman,  both  for  the 
termination  of  the  word,  and  because  (as  women  are)  she  is 
lov'd  of  men.  The  bravest  voyages  in  the  world  have  been 
made  for  gold  :  for  it  men  have  venterd  (by  sea)  to  the  furthest 
parts  of  the  earth  :  in  the  pursuit  whereof  England's  Nestor 
and  Neptune  (Hawkins  and  Drake)  lost  their  lives.  Upon  the 
deaths  of  the  which  two,  of  the  first  I  writ  thus  : — 

"  The  waters  were  his  winding  sheete,  the  sea  was  made  his  toorae  ; 
Yet  for  his  fame  the  ocean  sea  was  not  sufficient  roome." 

Of  the  latter  this  :— 

"  England  his  hart  ;  his  corps  the  waters  have  ; 
And  that  which  raysed  his  fame,  became  his  grave." 

Did  Ralegh  write  Shakespeare's  Sonnets? 

This  startling  query  was  raised  in  the  Times  Literarv  Supplement 
of  April  20th,  1916,  by  a  letter  from  Mr.  Robert  Palk,  who  has 
tried  to  demonstrate  that,  should  the  Stratford  Miracle  be,  as 
many  believe,  a  myth,  there  is  some  case  for  Sir  Walter  Ralegh. 
It  is  impossible  in  a  short  note  to  give  the  evidence  in  detail, 
but  it  is  thus  summarized  by  the  writer  :  From  references  in 
the  Sonnets  themselves,  it  appears  that  the  author  was  in  or  about 
April,  1604,  perhaps  earlier,  and,  as  there  is  no  sonnet  celebrating 
release,  probably  until  1609  at  any  rate,  a  prisoner  condemned 
and  disgraced  for  some  capital  offence.  He  had,  until  grizzled 
by  age,  dark  curly  hair,  was  lame  through  misadventure,  and 
dressed  sumptuously.  Once,  possibly  in  the  first  shock  of  his 
disgrace,  he  prepared  to  commit  suicide  by  means  of  a  knife, 
and  desired  that  some  one  very  dear  to  him  should  forget  him 
after  his  death.  He  was  devoted  to  Prince  Henry  (identified 
as  the  "  lovely  boy,"  to  whom  many  of  the  Sonnets  are  addressed) 
who  visited  him  in  prison,  while  in  return  the  prisoner  wrote 
books  for  his  young  friend.  In  the  past  he  had  been  a  person 
of  consequence,  who  laid  great  but  unenduring  "  bases  for 
eternity."  After  he  had  lost  his  high  position  and  realized  the 
failure  of  his  plans  for  posterity — and  so,  presumably,  after  the 
commencement  of  his  imprisonment — a  trumped-up  charge  was 
brought  against  him,  and  he  considered  himself  impeached. 

Now,  there  is  only  one  character  of  the  period  whose  life  is 
known  to  have  included  all  these  elements,  viz.,  Sir  Walter 
Ralegh.     His  hair,  until  silvered  by  age,  was  dark  and  curly. 


> 


72  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

and  he  was  notorious  for  his  magnificence  in  dress.  He  was 
lame  :  in  1596  he  wrote  that  all  he  had  got  from  the  sack  of 
Cadiz  was  a  "  lame  leg  and  a  deformed."  As  Captain  of  the 
Guard  he  held  a  high  post  at  Court,  his  "  extern  "  displa^-ing,  in 
honour  of  his  great  mistress,  a  suit  of  silver  armour.  Upon  his 
colon  al  enterprises  he  expended  vast  sums,  but  those  "  great 
bases  for  eternity  "  for  long  led  to  nothing  but  loss.  In  Julv, 
1603,  he  was  suddenly  charged  with  high  treason.  Overwhelmed 
with  the  disgrace,  he  resolved  to  commit  suicide,  and  tried  to 
obtain,  through  his  gaoler,  a  "  long  narrow  knife  "  which,  he 
said,  "  should  be  to  stir  his  wine."  FaiUng  in  that,  he  snatched 
up  a  knife  when  at  table  and  stabbed  himself,  though  not,  as  it 
proved,  fatally.  He  had  previously  written  to  his  wife  announc 
ing  his  resolve,  and  declaring  that  his  name  was  dishonoured. 

Such  a  series  of  coincidences  is,  at  least,  remarkable,  and  much 
material  exists  outside  the  Sonnets  tending  to  confirm  Ralegh's 
authorship.  Further,  it  is  acknowledged  that  Ralegh  was  no 
mean  poet,  although  much  of  his  poetry  has  unfortunately  been 
lost. 

Drake  as  a  Poet. 

Drake  is  well-known  as  a  graphic  and  picturesque  letter- 
writer,  but  it  will  surprise  most  people  to  be  told  that  he  could 
also,  on  occasion,  write  verse — and  good  verse,  too — though  we 
have  only  one  sample  by  which  to  judge  of  his  merit  as  a  poet. 
This  occurs  at  the  beginning  of  Sir  George  Peckham's  "  True 
Report  of  the  Late  Discoveries  of  Newfoundland,  by  Sir 
Humphrey  Gilbert,"  printed  in  1583  : — 

"  Sir  Fraunces  Drake,  Knight,  in  commendacion  of  this  Treatise. 

"  Who  seekes  by  worthie  deedes  to  gaine  renowne  for  hire, 
Whose  hart,  whose  hand,  whose  purse  is  prest  to  purchase  his 

desire  ; 
If  anie  such  there  bee  that  thirsteth  after  Fame, 
Lo  !    heere  a  meane  to  winne  himself  an  everlasting  name. 

"  Who  seekes  by  gaine  and  wealth  t'advaunce  his  house  and 

blood, 
Whose  care  is  great,  whose  toile  no  lesse.  whose  hope  is  all  for 

good  ; 
If  anie  one  there  be  that  covetts  such  a  trade, 
Lo  !    heere  the  plot  for  common  wealth  and  private  gain  is 

made. 


Notes  and  Gleanings  73 

"  He  that  for  vertue's  sake  will  venture  farrc  and  neere, 
Whose  zeale  is  strong,  whose  practice  trueth,  whose  faith  is 

void  of  feere  : 
If  any  such  there  beC;  inflamed  with  hoHe  care, 
Heere  may  he  finde  a  readie  meane  his  purpose  to  declare. 

"  So  that  for  each  degree,  this  Treatise  dooth  unfolde 
The  path   to    fame,   the  proof    of    zcale,    and    way   to 
purchase  gold." 

The  First  Local  Newspaper. 

For  many  years  Dr.  Bnishfield's  account  of  the  early  Exeter 
newspaper  press  remained  unchallenged.  According  to  this, 
the  first  Exeter  paper  was  The  Exeter  Mercury :  or,  Wee  ly 
Intelligence  oj  News,  which  was  started  on  Fndav,  September 
24th,  1714,  and  was  printed  bv  Philip  Bishop,  at  his  printing 
office  in  St.  Peter's  Churchyard,  This  was  followed  about  a 
year  later  bv  The  Protestant  Mercury :  or,  the  Exeter  Post-Boy 
with  News  Foreign  and  Domestick,  printed  by  Jos.  Bliss,  at 
his  New  Printing  House  near  the  London  Inn,  without  East 
Gate.  However,  it  now  appears  that  Bliss  had  published  an 
earHer  series,  for  Mr.  J.  B.  Williams  has  unearthed  in  the  British 
Museum  a  solitary  copy  (the  only  one  known)  of  Jos.  Bliss's 
Exeter  Post- Boy,  containing  an  Impartial  Collection  of  the  most 
Material  News,  both  Foreign  and  Domestic:,  dated  Friday, 
Mav  4th,  1711,  No.  211,  printed  bv  Joseph  Bliss,  at  the 
Exchange  Coffee  House,  in  St.  Peter's  Church-Yard.  This 
paper  must,  therefore,  have  started  in  April,  1707,  and  Mr. 
Williams  supposed  there  must  have  been  still  an  earlier  one, 
for  a  Dr.  Tanner,  writing  on  August  1st,  1706,  says  :  "I  am 
told  they  pnnt  also  a  weekly  paper  at  Exeter."  However  this 
mav  be,  the  onlv  earlier  provincial  papers  known  are  Norwich 
Post,  170L  Bristol  Post-Boy,  1702,  and  The  Gazette  (Norwich), 
1706.  Bliss's  Exeter  Post-Boy  is  a  curious  little  sheet,  two 
pages  only,  about  foolscap  size.  At  the  top  left-hand  corner 
is  a  rough  wood-block  full-length  portrait  of  Oueen  Anne  and 
at  the  oppos  te  comer  the  arms  ol  Exeter,  with  motto,  "Semper 
Fidelis."  The  first  page  contains  the  congratulatory  speech  of 
William  Bromley,  Esq.,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
to  the  Right  Hon.  Robert  Harley,  Esq.,  Chancellor  of  the 
Exchequer  upon  his  escape  and  recovery  from  the  barbarous 
and  villainous  attempt  made  upon  him  by  Sieur  de  Guiscard, 
a  French  papist.  This  is  followed  by  Harley' s  answer,  and 
then  some  items  of  foreign  and  home  news,  ending  with  nearh' 
a  column  of  local  advertisements. 


74  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


Old  Mother  Hubbard  again. 

In  the  Devonian  Year  Book  for  1915  appeared  a  quaint  appeal 
for  funds  for  the  restoration  of  the  Tower  of  Yealmpton  Church, 
signed  by  "  Old  Mother  Hubbard  "  herself.  The  appeal  was 
made  on  the  ground  that  the  famous  nursery  rhyme  was  written 
at  Kitley  in  that  parish,  by  a  lady  named  Sarah  Catherine 
Martin,  but  no  other  particulars  were  given  about  the  authoress. 
It  will  be  interesting,  therefore,  to  note  that  the  lady  was  the 
daughter  of  Sir  Henry  Martin,  Bart.,  of  Locking,  in  the  County 
of  Berkshire,  M.P.  for  Southampton,  and  Comptroller  of  His 
Majesty's  Navy  and  an  Elder  Brother  of  the  Trinity  House. 
She  was  bom  in  January,  1768,  and  was  about  37  years  of  age 
when,  on  a  visit  to  her  sister,  who  was  the  wife  of  John  PoUexfen 
Bastard,  of  Kitley,  she  wrote  the  story  of  the  old  lady  and  her 
dog. 

When  about  seventeen  years  of  age,  Miss  Martin  was  placed 
in  a  position  which  must  have  caused  her  great  embarrassment. 
For  many  years  her  father  was  naval  commissioner  of  Ports- 
mouth, and  while  stationed  there,  Prince  William  Henry  (after- 
wards King  William  IV.)  arrived  in  H.M.S.  Hehe,  on  which  he 
served  as  lieutenant.  He  became  not  only  a  frequent  visitor, 
but  rather  an  inmate  of  the  commissioner's  house,  with  the 
result  that  he  fell  violently  in  love  with,  and  offered  his  hand 
and  heart  in  marriage  to,  Miss  Sarah.  She  was  young,  hand- 
some, exceedingly  attractive  and  interesting  in  her  manners, 
with  an  excellent  understanding  and  a  well-cultivated  mind. 
She  felt  the  compliment  of  such  professions  of  attachment,  but 
she  felt  also  that  the  spark  which  had  hghted  up  this  hitherto 
latent  feehng  must  be  instantly  extinguished.  The  Prince's 
passion  was  no  mere  passing  fancy.  He  continued  to  express 
his  affection  in  letters  to  her  father,  and  in  one  of  these  he  says  : 
"  I  love  her  from  the  bottom  of  my  heart,  and  only  wish  I  had 
been  in  that  situation  of  life  to  have  married  her.  My  best 
wishes  and  prayers  shall  be  always  offered  up  to  heaven  for  her 
welfare."  What  the  lady's  feeUngs  were  we  have  no  means  of 
judging,  but,  suffice  it  to  say,  she  was  never  married. 

She  died  on  December  Hth,  1826,  and  was  biuied  with  her 
parents  in  the  Martin  family  vault  in  the  now  disused  church- 
yard of  St.  Nicholas,  at  Loughton,  in  the  County  of  Essex.  It 
is  curious  that  a  family  residing  in  Berkshire  should  select 
as  their  last  resting-place  one  so  far  distant  as  Loughton,  with 
which  they  appear  never  to  have  been  associated. — Z.  Moon, 
F.R.Hist.S.,  in  The  Essex  Review,  July,  1916. 


Notes  attd  Gleanings  75 


Dorset  Envious  of  our  Worthies. 

The  feeling  of  county  jealousy  breaks  out  in  the  most  unexpected 
places.  The  first  example  is  culled  from  "  The  Life  of  Thomas 
Pitt,"  by  Sir  Cornelius  Neale  Dalton,  K.C.M.G.,  C.B.,  M.A., 
D.C.L.,  Sometime  Scholar  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  We 
are  not  aware  whether  the  learned  author  is  a  Dorset  man.  or 
a  member  of  the  Society  of  Dorset  Men  in  London,  but  the 
pusillanimous  motto  of  this  Society — "  Who's  afear'd  ?  " — 
(for  surely  no  person  would  ask  such  a  question  unless  he  himself 
were  shaking  in  his  shoes)  might  account  for  the  sentiment. 
However,  he  may  rest  assured  that  Devon  would  certainly  not 
be  anxious  to  claim  such  a  poor  hero  as  Thomas  Pitt,  who,  in 
spite  of  all  Sir  Cornelius  Dalton  has  to  say,  will  still  be  best 
remembered  as  the  purchaser  of  the  Pitt  diamond.  This  is 
how  the  book  starts  off :  "  Devon  has  always  taken  herself  and 
her  worthies  more  seriously  than  her  more  modest,  but  no  less 
lovable  sister  Dorset  has  presumed  to  do.  Devon  men  are  not 
wont  to  forget  men  of  their  county  who  have  distinguished 
themselves  in  history.  But  it  is  to  be  feared  that  the  propor- 
tion of  the  inhabitants  of  Dorset  is  small  who  remember,  if  they 
have  ever  heard,  that  the  Great  Commoner  and  his  son,  the 
two  most  illustrious  English  statesmen  of  the  eighteenth  century, 
sprang  directly  from  one  of  the  oldest  Dorset  families.  If 
Thomas  Pitt  had  been  a  Devon  man  and  not  a  Dorset  man, 
the  chances  are  that  his  claims  to  distinction  would  long  ago 
have  received  fuller  recognition  from  his  fellow  county  men 
than  they  are  ever  likely  now  to  do.  And  yet  not  only  was  he 
the  most  masterly  and  successful  of  all  the  Englishmen  who 
in  his  day  and  generation  were  laying  the  foundations  of  the 
supremacy  of  his  country  in  India,  but  he  was  also  the  forefather 
of  our  two  greatest  prime  ministers.  Throughout  a  long  and 
adventurous  life  he  laboriously  and  persistently  amassed  wealth, 
which  he  invested  in  such  a  manner  as  to  secure  for  his  descend- 
ants ready  access  to  Parliament  and  political  influence." 

Sir  Cornelius's  statement  reminds  one  of  the  well-known 
description  of  a  far  greater  man,  the  philosopher  Robert  Boyle, 
as  "  father  of  modem  chemistry  and  brother  of  the  Earl  of 
Cork."  A  county  that  at  the  suggestion  of  a  writer  of  fiction, 
arrogates  to  itself  the  ancient  kingdom  of  Wessex,  can  hardly 
claim  "  modesty  "  as  one  of  its  characteristic  virtues,  and  a 
man  who,  while  occupying  the  position  of  a  paid  servant  of 
a  great  trading  company,  acquires  for  his  own  use  a  diamond 
for  £24,000  and  afterwards  sells  it  for  £125,000,  which  Sir 
Cornelius  does  not  consider  "  an  inordinate  profit,"  can  hardly 


76  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 7 

be  deemed  the  possessor  of  a  nice  sense  of  honour,  however 
much  he  may  be  extolled  as  a  successful  money-grubber.  Sir 
Cornelius  has  also  written  "  The  Life  of  Captain  Kidd." 

Breconshire  cum  Radnor  Envious  of  our  Scenery. 

The  next  example  is  from  a  book  entitled  "Clear  Waters,"  by 
A.  G.  Bradley,  who  writes  as  follows  : — 

"  '  The  bulk  of  North  Wales,  together  with  the  English  Lake 
Country,  are  of  course  incomparable  in  this  island  south  of  the 
Scottish  Highlands.  Thev  stand  alone.  But  next  to  these  I 
would  have  you  know  that  Breconshire,  coupled  inevitably 
with  Radnor,  so  much  are  they  interlocked,  ranks  easily  next.' 

"  '  I  thought  Dev — ' 

'"Yes,  of  course  you  did,  because  its  extremely  articulate 
and  patriotic  sons  have  been  booming  it  in  admirable  and 
picturesque  prose  and  verse  for  fifty  years.  And  railroads, 
London  journalists,  and  tourists  have  responded  to  the  boom. 
With  a  public  that  for  the  most  part  knows  nothing  of  its  own 
country,  this  has  been  easily  developed  into  a  sort  of  cult.' 

"  Devonshire  as  a  whole  is  a  beautiful  and  lovable  county, 
but  considerable  sHces  of  it  are  undeniably  commonplace  of 
aspect,  even  to  the  verge  of  ugliness.  Now  Breconshire  cum 
Radnor  does  not,  I  really  think,  contain  a  dull  or  commonplace 
square  mile.  ...  A  voracious  novel-reader  of  cynical  tempera- 
ment calculated  the  other  day  that  forty  per  cent  of  recent 
novels,  directly  or  indirectly  touching  country  life,  and  written 
mainly,  of  course,  by  people  who  live  within  the  London  orbit, 
laid  the  scene,  or  the  rural  portions  of  it,  in  Devonshire  or 
Cornwall.  And  furthermore,  amid  idyUic  thatch-roofed  villages, 
which  are  relatively  scarce  in  those  parts,  and  embellished  with 
apple-faced  maids,  whereas  the  modern  Devon  peasant-girl  in 
the  south,  at  any  rate,  is  conspicuously  inclined  to  anaemia. 
The  jaded  novel-reader  must  be  getting  rather  tired  of  Devon 
and  Cornwall." 

And  again,  "  Do  not  let  Devonians  of  their  own  complacency, 
which  in  this  particular  is  immense,  run  away  with  the  notion 
that  their  streams  are  as  beautiful  as  those  of  Wales,  because 
they  are  not  by  a  long  way,  though  they  in  their  turn  incom- 
parably excel  in  beauty  those  of  any  other  English  rivers  south 
of  Derbyshire.  .  .  .  Away  from  the  two  great  moors  and  their 
skirts,  the  beauty  of  inland  Devon  lies  almost  wholly  in  its 
deep,  winding  valleys.  Save  perhaps  in  the  south-east,  the 
Honiton  portion  of  the  county  and  a  few  others,  look  almost 
where  vou  will,  from  any  inland  hill-top,  you  will  see  httle  but 


The  Call  yy 

a  succession  of  bare,  humpy  hills  criss-crossed  with  rectangular 
lines  of  bank  fences,  and  everywhere  patched  with  square  tillage 
fields.  A  distant  back|;round  of  moor  redeems  in  a  measure 
those  long,  rolling,  chequered  ridges,  neither  wild  nor  wooded, 
that  nothing  but  a  hardy  superstition  could  absolve  from  the 
reproach  of  monotony  if  not  of  actual  ugliness.  Dreary  out- 
looks are  these  bevond  dispute,  vet  not  dreary  enough  to  touch 
the  imagination  with  a  redeeming  sense  of  mystery." 

It  is  a  curious  fact  that  Devonshire  is  not  envious  of  any  other 
county,  either  as  regards  its  worthies  or  its  scenery. 


The  Call. 

{By  special  permission  of  the  Author.) 

Dear  is  the  heart  of  the  city. 

Its  hurry  and  glare — 
But  I  long  for  the  breath  of  the  moorland, 

The  full  free  air. 

I  love  the  gleam  of  the  home-lights 

At  close  of  day, 
But  I  long  to  feel  the  night-wind 

Take  its  wide  way. 

There  is  joy  in  the  throng  and  the  traffic, 

The  clamorous  street ; 
But  I  dream  of  the  down  and  the  upland, 

The  sea's  strong  beat. 

There  is  time  for  the  pulse  of  action, 

The  stir  and  thrill : 
But  oh  for  the  mighty  converse 

Of  beach  and  hill. 

There  is  time  for  the  tumult  and  striving; 

The  smoke- filled  sky  ; 
The  clif?  and  the  heather  are  calling, 

The  sea-birds  cry. 

Arthur  L.  Salmon. 

("Songs  of  Wind  and  Wave  " — Blackwood). 


78  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

The   Opening   of 
The   Bristol  and   Exeter    Railway. 

Wednesday,  the  1st  of  May,  1844,  was  a  red-letter  day  in  the 
history  of  Devon,  for  on  that  day  the  first  railway  was  opened 
to  Exeter  amid  scenes  of  unprecedented  rejoicing.  This  was 
the  Bristol  and  Exeter  Railway,  which,  though  constructed  by 
a  separate  company,  was  leased  to  the  Great  Western  Railway, 
whose  directors  fondly  imagined  that  by  this  means  they  had 
secured  a  monopoly  in  the  south-west  of  England,  for  the  London 
and  South  Western  Railway  had  not  then  advanced  farther 
west  than  Salisbury,  and  did  not,  indeed,  reach  Exeter  until 
1860. 

The  first  train  on  the  opening  day  left  Bristol  at  9.20  a.m., 
and,  by  constant  accessions  on  the  road,  at  length  amounted  to 
23  carriages,  drawn  by  two  of  the  Great  Western  Company's 
powerful  engines,  and  it  reached  Exeter  about  a  quarter  to  one. 
At  a  moderate  computation  it  was  supposed  there  could  not  be 
less  than  from  1,000  to  2,000  persons  in  the  train.  The  engines 
were  tastefully  decorated,  and  the  people  seemed  to  enjoy  the 
event  at  Bristol,  and  the  whole  length  of  the  road,  nearly  as 
much  as  they  did  at  Exeter,  and  along  the  new  part  of  the  line. 
At  various  points  on  the  road,  flags  bearing  different  devices, 
all  indicative  of  cordial  welcome  and  gratification,  were  displayed. 
In  Exeter  the  shops  were  shut,  all  business  suspended,  and  the 
whole  population  literally  turned  out  in  their  "  Sunday  best  " 
to  witness  the  arrival  of  the  trains.  The  hill  near  Exeter,  com- 
manding a  view  of  the  railway,  was  indeed  covered  with  people, 
and  presented  an  animating  scene. 

A  second  special  train,  with  the  Great  Western  directors  and 
some  friends,  left  London  at  7.35  a.m.,  and  overtook  the  other 
many  miles  before  it  reached  Exeter,  or  it  is  expected  it  would 
have  been  at  Exeter,  193f  miles,  by  about  12.10  p.m.  The 
same  special  train,  in  returning,  left  Exeter  at  5.17  p.m.,  and 
would  have  been  in  London  at  a  few  minutes  after  10,  had  it 
not  come  too  close  upon  the  Slough  short  train.  This  was 
looked  upon  as  a  marvellous  achievement,  and,  it  was  thought, 
had  clearly  demonstrated  the  practicability  of  doing  the  entire 
distance,  either  way,  in  four  and  a  half  hours,  or  perhaps  four 
hours  on  an  emergency.     Lord  Ebrington   (the  present  Earl 


The  Opening  of  the  Bristol  and  Exeter  Railway  79 


Fortescue's  father),  in  his  speech  at  the  banquet,  remarked, 
as  an  instance  of  what  could  be  achieved  by  railways,  that  he 
was  in  the  House  of  Commons  that  morning  at  half-past  one, 
and  found  himself  in  Exeter  a  little  after  twelve — a  statement 
that  evoked  loud  cheers.  Although  this  shows  that  the  engines 
were  capable  of  running  at  a  high  speed,  it  may  be  noted  that 
the  third-class  trains  running  through  from  Paddington  to 
Taunton  then  occupied  sixteen  hours  on  the  journey,  which  is 
now  accomplished  by  a  somewhat  shorter  route  in  two  and  a 
half  hours — the  journey  to  Exeter  taking  half  an  hour  longer. 

"  The  railway  between  Exeter  and  London  has  been  a  great 
boon  to  me,"  said  Bishop  Phillpotts  to  his  son,  "  for  by  it  not 
only  do  I  save  time,  but  I  can  now  travel  to  town  with  the 
utmost  comfort  for  a  £5  note  ;  whereas  formerly,  by  sleeping 
a  night  in  Bath,  and  posting  it  the  whole  way,  it  cost  me  £50, 
and  much  fatigue  on  every  journey." 

A  handsome  cold  dinner  was  provided  for  the  visitors,  partly 
at  the  expense  of  the  Bristol  and  Exeter  Company,  and  partly 
at  that  of  the  Corporation  of  Exeter,  and  incidentally  it  may 
be  noted  that  the  provisions  included  forty-five  dozen  of  wines 
of  the  richest  description,  amongst  which  were  eighteen  dozen 
of  splendid  sparkling  champagne.  The  lessees  of  the  line,  the 
Great  Western,  very  generously  furnished  the  means  of  transit, 
gratuitously,  to  the  Bristol  and  Exeter  shareholders,  of  which, 
of  course,  a  great  number  of  them  availed  themselves.  "  We 
like  these  little  attentions  so  well,"  says  the  writer  in  Herapaih's 
Journal,  from  which  I  am  quoting,  "  that  if  we  were  shareholders, 
we  think  we  should  vote  them  an  additional  term  to  their  lease 
for  it." 

At  two  o'clock  the  party  sat  down  to  dinner,  consisting,  we 
should  think,  of  near  1,000  individuals.  "  Of  these  there  was  a 
goodly  sprinkhng  of  the  Devon  ladies,  some  very  pretty  indeed, 
and  some — that  is,  if  ladies  can  be  otherwise  than  very  pretty 
— rather  less  so."  In  his  excitement  the  writer  omits  to  name 
the  chairman,  but  he  was  no  doubt  the  Mayor  of  Exeter,  for 
another  writer  tells  us  that  "  the  mayor  and  civic  dignitaries 
presided  in  state,  together  with  the  city  regaUa."  Among  the 
company  were  the  Right  Hon.  Earl  Fortescue  (Lord  Lieut,  of 
Devon),  Lord  Ebrington,  M.P.,  Sir  George  Grey,  M.P.,  Henry 
Cartwright,  Esq.  (High  Sheriff  of  Devon),  the  Hon.  Lord 
Courtenav,  M.P.,  Sir  T.  D.  Acland,  Bart.,  M.P.,  L.  W.  Buck, 
Esq.,  M.P.,  Sir  W.  H.  Tonkin,  Knt.,  E.  Divett,  Esq.,  M.P., 
F.  N.  Rogers,  Esq.  (Recorder  of  Exeter),  the  Mayor  of  Bristol, 
the  High  Sheriff  of  Bristol,  C.  Russell,  Esq.,  M.P.  (Chairman  of 
the  G.W.R.),   Lieut.-Col.   Ellis,   C.B.,   Major  Selwyn,   Captain 


8o  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


James,  F.  Ricketts  (Chairman  of  B.  &  E.R.),  I.  K.  Brunei 
(Engineer),  P.  Miller,  M.D.,  C.  A,  Saunders  (Secretary  of  the 
G.W.R.),  C.  B.  Fripp,  and  J.  B.  Badham  (Secretary  of  the 
B.  &  E.R.). 

The  speeches  were  of  the  usual  eulogistic  character.  Earl 
Fortescue  said  that  on  no  occasion  had  his  official  relation  with 
the  County  afforded  him  more  heartfelt  satisfaction  than  in 
its  having  been  the  means  of  procuring  for  him  their  invitation 
to  witness  the  triiunph  of  enterprise  and  industry  and  of  skill 
in  the  successful  consummation  of  one  of  the  greatest  public 
works  which  that  or  any  other  countrv  in  the  world  could  boast. 
The  Chairman  of  the  Companv  said  the  genius,  skill,  and 
intellectual  powers  of  their  engineer,  Mr.  Brunei,  were  duly 
appreciated  by  all  who  knew  him,  and  the  most  magnificent 
railway  in  the  world  was  his  testimonial.  The  Great  Western 
Chairman  stated  that,  as  Englishmen,  they  must  feel  a  just 
pride  in  the  completion  of  this  great  national  work.  It  had  been 
said  that  the  most  gigantic  monuments  of  the  ancient  world 
never  could  have  been  raised  by  the  hands  of  freemen,  but,  in 
refutation  of  that  dogma,  he  would  point  to  the  railways,  which 
were  more  extensive,  more  stupendous,  more  varied,  more  sur- 
passing as  specimens  of  human  ingenuitv,  more  wonderful  as 
triumphs  of  science,  more  fruitful  of  the  great  benefits  and 
blessings  of  civilization,  than  the  hugest  piles  ever  reared  by 
enforced  labour  or  extorted  wealth.  (Tremendous  cheers.) 

The  popular  sentiment  about  this  wonderful  example  of 
modem  civilization  is  well  expressed  in  the  following  dialect 
account,*  published  on  the  occasion  of  the  visit  of  Jan  Chaw- 
bacon  and  his  wife  Moll,  to  see  the  opening : — 

'•  Lor,  Janny  !  Lor,  Janny  !  Wativver  es  that, 
A-umin'  along  lik'  a  'oss  upon  wheels  ? 
He's  zo  bright  as  yex  buttons,  an'  black  as  yer  'at, 
An*  jist  'arky,  Janny,  an'  yur  'ow  'a  squeals  !  " 

"Dash  my  buttons,  Moll,  I'll  be  darn'd  eef  I  know; 
Us  was  fules  ta  com'  yur  an'  ta  urn  into  danger. 
Let's  be  off,  'a  spets  vire,  lor  !  du  let  us  go, 

An'  'a  'olds  up  'es  'aid  lik'  a  guze  tu  a  stranger." 

"  I  be  a  bit  galli'd,  but  let  us  bide  yur ; 

An'  'ark  'ow  'a  puffs,  an'  'a  caufs,  an'  'a  blows  ; 
He  ed'n  onlike  th'  ole  cart- 'oss  last  yur — 

Brauken- winded  ;  an'  'eet  on  3-  zee  'ow  'a  goes  !  " 


For  a  copy  of  which  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Chas.  H.  Laycock. — Editor. 


The  opening  of  the  Bristol  and  Exeter  Railway  8i 


"  He  urns  ufxjn  ladders,  \vi'  they  things  jist  lik'  wheels, 
Or  'urdles,  or  palin's,  putt  down  'pon  the  groun' ; 
Hut  why  du  'em  let  'em  stray  out  o'  the  viel's  ? 
'Tcs  a  wonder  they  don't  clap  'm  inta  the  poun'." 

"  'A  can't  be  alive,  Jan,  I  don't  zim  'a  can.' 

■  1  bain't  sure  o'  that,  Moll,  vor  jist  luke  'ee  'ow 
'A  braithes  lik'  a  'oss,  or  a  znivell'd  ole  man  ; 
An'  'ark  'ow  he's  bust  out  a-caufin',  good  now.'  " 

"  '  'A  nivver  cude  dra'  all  they  waggins,  d'ee  zee, 
Eef  'a  liv'd  upon  vatches,  or  turmits,  or  'ay ; 
Why,  they  waggins  be  vull'd  up  wi'  people,  they  be. 
An'  du  'ee  but  luke  'ow  they  'm  laafin'  away  !  '  " 

"  '  An'  luke  ta  they  childern  a-umin'  about, 

Wi'  their  mouths  vuU  o'  gingerbraid,  there  by  the  shaws 
An'  luke  ta  the  scores  o'  fine  ladies  tum'd  out, 
An'  gen'lemen,  all  in  their  bes'  zinday  cloa.se.* 

'■  ■  An'  luke  to  this  'ouze  med  o'  can  vast  zo  zmurt. 
An'  the  dinner  zot  out  wi'  zich  bustle  ^n'  fuss ; 
But  us  brort  a  squab-pie,  thee'st  know,  in  the  curt, 
An'  a  keg  o'  gude  cider,  zo  that's  nort  ta  us.' 

"  *  I  tell  'ee  'ot  'tes,  Moll,  this-yur  is  my  mind. 
The  worl's  a-go  maze,  zo  sure  as  you'm  born, 
'Tes  zo  true  a.s  I'm  livin',  an'  that  they  will  vind, 

Wi'  their  'osses  'pon  wheels  that  don't  live  upon  corn.* 

"  '  I  wud'n  go  'ome-'long  'umbye  ta  the  farm, 
Be'ind  zich  a  critter,  wen  all's  zaid  an'  din  ; 
Us  'ave  travell'd  score  miles,  but  nivver  com'  t'  'arm, 
Vor  there's  nort  lik'  a  market-curt  under  the  zin.'  " 


By    Severn    Sea. 


Ah  western  winds  and  waters  mild  ! 

Others  your  vaporous  languors  chide  ; 
They  have  not  loved  you  from  a  child. 

Nor  grown  to  strength  your  shore  beside. 

Ye  speak  of  youth  and  hope  to  me. 

Ye  airs,  ye  floods  of  Severn  Sea  ! 

T.  H.   Warren. 
6 


82  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


The    Saxon    Conquest    of    Devon. 

By  J.  J.  ALEXANDER,  M.A.,  J.P. 

(Head  Master  of  Tavistock  Grammar  School.) 

Part   I.-658  to  739. 

The  story  of  the  Saxon  occupation  of  Britain  is  in  many  respects 
obscure.  It  is,  however,  generally  agreed  that  the  Teutonic 
conquest  of  the  island,  mere  coast  raids  being  ignored,  did  not 
begin  before  440  a.d.  It  is  also  generally  conceded  that  by 
the  death  of  Athelstan  in  940  a.d.,  Devon  was  completely 
Saxon.  Between  these  two  dates  is  a  period  of  live  hundred 
years,  but  it  will  be  found  that  we  can  locate  most,  if  not  all, 
of  the  conquest  of  the  county  within  one-third  of  that  period, 
reckoning  from  the  battle  of  Peonna  in  658  to  the  battle  of 
Gafulford  in  825. 

If  we  take  the  year  658  as  our  starting-point,  it  will  be  advis- 
able first  to  consider  what  sort  of  people  lived  in  Devon  at  that 
date.  There  were  in  the  main  two  groups  of  nationalities. 
The  older  group  consisted  of  the  earlier  Celtic  tribes,  usually 
called  Goidels,  together  with  the  surviving  descendants  of  the 
New  Stone  men  or  Ivernians.  This  Goidelo-Ivemian  group 
resembled  the  people  who  then  inhabited  Ireland,  Scotland, 
and  the  Isle  of  Man. 

The  newer  group  consisted  of  the  later  Celts,  known  as 
Brythons  and  Belgians,  who  had  been  driven  westward  by  the 
wave  of  Saxon  domination.  There  may  have  been  imiong 
them  a  few  people  of  Roman  descent,  but  that  descent  was  so 
remote  as  to  be  almost  negligible.  This  Romano-British  group 
were  akin  to  the  ancestors  of  the  modem  Welsh  nation. 

If  these  Brythonic  or  British  refugees  retained  very  Uttle 
Roman  blood  among  them,  they  did  at  least  retain  some  traces 
of  Roman  civihzation.  This  superior  ci\'ilization,  coupled 
with  their  greater  numbers  and  possibly  also  with  a  greater 
industrial  aptitude,  enabled  them  to  impose  their  language 
upon  the  Goidels  among  whom  they  settled.  It  is  probable 
that  a  linguist,  if  he  could  have  visited  the  Western  peninsula 
in  the  seventh  century,  would  have  found  a  struggle  going  on 
between  the  two  Celtic  tongues,  of  which  the  Brythonic  com- 
petitor survived  imder  the  name  of  Cornish  until  modem  times. 


The  Saxon  Conquest  of  Devon  83 

From  the  doleful  narrative  of  the  British  historian,  Gildas,  who 
wrote  about  54S,  it  would  appear  that  Cornwall  and  a  portion 
at  least  of  Devon,  then  known  as  Dumnonia,  were  under  the 
rule  of  a  Celtic  monarch  named  Constant ine,  and  that  another 
monarch  named  Aurclius  Conan  may  have  ruled  over  Somerset, 
Dorset,  and  perhaps  East  Devon.  Gildas'  account  is  provok- 
ingly  obscure,  but  if  the  inference  as  to  a  Celtic  kingdom  east 
of  Dumnonia  is  correct,  certainly  it  could  not  have  long  sur- 
vived the  assaults  of  Cenwealh,  who  succeeded  about  641  to 
the  throne  of  Wessex. 

The  kingdom  over  which  Cenwealh  ruled  at  his  accession 
included  Hampshire  and  the  upper  reaches  of  the  Thames  from 
Berkshire  and  Oxfordshire  through  East  and  North  Wilts  as 
far  as  the  Bristol  Avon.  The  growth  of  the  Mercian  kingdom 
under  Penda  restricted  his  power  on  the  north,  and  had  the 
effect  of  impressing  on  the  Wessex  people  the  need  for  military 
organization.  About  this  time  we  are  able  to  trace  the  first 
signs  of  their  highly  successful  system  of  shire  administration. 

There  is  one  region  in  which  the  boundaries  of  Cenwealh's 
kingdom  have  never  been  clearly  defined.  It  will  be  borne  in 
mind  that  the  Jutes  and  Saxons  at  their  first  coming  were 
skilful  navigators,  and  it  is  by  no  means  improbable  that  their 
early  coast  settlements  may  have  extended  considerably  to 
the  west  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  But  even  if  we  admit  the  possi- 
bility of  these  coastal  occupations,  we  must  also  regard  it  as 
extremely  probable  that  whatever  settlements  they  made  were 
connected  or  in  communication  with  the  rest  of  their  territory. 
I^'or  we  should  reflect  that  the  Teutonic  annexations  before 
Cenwealh's  time  must  have  been  essentially  of  a  hostile  nature, 
hostile  in  race,  hostile  in  religion,  hostile  in  fact  from  every 
point  of  view.  We  can  conceive  of  an  enclave  of  Britons, 
natives  who,  perhaps  in  the  later  stages  of  the  conquest,  were 
granted  the  right  to  live  in  a  mountainous  district  surrounded 
by  Saxon  territory  ;  but  an  enclave  of  Saxons  in  a  British 
territory  is  a  much  more  difficult  conception.  Such  an  enclave, 
if  it  even  temporarily  existed,  either  would  soon  have  been 
exterminated  or  would  have  fought  its  way  insistently  to 
reunion  with  its  parent  kingdom. 

We  can  therefore  conceive,  without  any  settled  conviction 
on  the  point,  that  Cenwealh's  kingdom  may  have  included  a 
strip  of  land  extending  along  the  Dorset  coast  as  far  as 
Exmouth,  any  further  extension  being  for  topographical  reasons 
rather  outside  possibility.  The  best  thing  to  be  said  for  this 
conception  is  that  it  is  favoured  by  the  analysis  of  Domesday 
Hundreds,  which  indicates  the  East  Budleigh  area  to  be  the 
most  highly  Saxonized  portion  of  Devon. 


84  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

Cenwealh  had  adopted  Christianity  as  the  official  religion 
of  the  Wessex  court,  but  was  far  from  being  a  docile  son  of  the 
Church,  and  it  is  not  apparent  that  his  religious  professions 
modified  to  any  extent  the  lust  for  strife  and  conquest  which 
he  had  inherited  from  his  predecessors.  With  the  exception  of 
Ine,  none  of  the  kings  of  Wessex  during  the  seventh  and  eighth 
centuries  appear  to  have  been  conspicuously  humane  to  their 
enemies. 

In  his  earlier  years  Cenwealh  had  suffered  defeat  at  the  hands 
of  Penda,  but  war  had  broken  out  between  the  latter  and  the 
Northumbrians,  and  in  652  Cenwealh  was  free  to  devote  his 
attention  to  the  West  Britons.  His  first  fight  was  at  Bradford- 
on-Avon,  and  six  years  later  a  victory  at  Peonna  (Penselwood) 
gave  him  West  Wiltshire,  East  and  Central  Somerset,  and 
probably  the  greater  part  of  Dorset,  This  victory  in  fact 
carried  with  it  the  downfall  of  the  East  Celtic  kingdom,  if 
one  then  existed  ;  or  the  lopping  off  of  the  eastern  territories 
of  Dumnonia,  if  it  had  previously  embraced  the  whole  of  the 
West  British  possessions. 

Here  then  we  are  able  to  shake  ourselves  free  from  the  second 
kingdom  difficulty,  and  to  set  about  drawing  a  frontier  line 
between  Cenwealh  and  his  adversary  of  Dumnonia  (or  Dyfnaint, 
as  we  now  must  call  it,  for  the  Brythonic  refugees  have  con- 
verted mn  into  fn,  which  they  pronounce  vn).  Following  the 
Hne  of  the  Parret  through  Somerset,  we  move  along  the  western 
boundary  of  Dorset  to  the  Axe.  The  only  doubt  we  encounter 
is  whether  to  include  the  strip  of  Devon  coast  between  the  Axe 
and  the  Exe.  Cenwealh  certainly  possessed  the  strength  and 
the  disposition  to  conquer  this,  if  it  was  not  already  occupied. 

The  conquest  was  again  interrupted  by  Wulfhere,  the  son  of 
Penda,  who  with  the  aid  of  the  South  Saxons  harassed  Cenwealh 
on  the  east.  No  further  progress  is  recorded  till  682,  when, 
according  to  the  Chronicles,  Cent  wine,  a  new  king  of  Wessex, 
"  pursued  the  Brytwalas  to  the  sea."  These  Brytwalas  cannot 
have  been  the  inhabitants  of  Wales,  because  Wessex  was  at 
this  time  cut  off  from  Wales  by  Mercia.  One  of  our  early 
historians,  Florence  of  Worcester,  definitely  states  that  Centwinc 
drove  the  West  Britons  to  the  sea.  Somerset  historians  have 
chosen  to  regard  this  as  a  West  Somerset  conffict,  but  one 
cannot  help  thinking  that  here  we  have  at  last  the  Saxons  in 
Devon,  and  the  conquest  of  East  Devon  as  far  as  Exeter,  perhaps 
even  farther. 

The  next  king  but  one,  the  wise  and  statesmanlike  Ine, 
resumed  the  work  of  organization.  In  the  early  years  of  his 
reign  a  code  of  laws  was  pubhshed,  from  which  it  appears  that 


The  Saxon  Conquest  of  Devon  85 


he  had  a  considerable  British  population  within  his  dominions. 
About  this  time  Somerset  and  Dorset  may  have  been  consti- 
tuted shires. 

We  may  go  one  step  farther  in  this  speculation.  In  the  life 
of  Winfrith,  perhaps  better  known  as  Boniface,  the  apostle 
of  Germany,  it  is  stated  that  he  was  bom  of  Saxon  parents  in 
Devon  about  680,  and  educated  at  an  Exeter  monastery.  Even 
if  we  do  not  accept  as  a  certainty  the  tradition  which  gives 
Crediton  as  the  place  of  his  birth,  it  is  still  highly  probable 
that  in  his  boyhood  Exeter  was  a  Saxon  town.  Now  a  king 
like  Ine  would  not  leave  a  large  territory  like  East  Devon, 
which  may  under  his  rule  have  included  one-third  of  the  present 
county,  unprovided  with  some  form  of  government,  and  it 
may  therefore  be  suggested  that  the  conquered  lands  west  of 
the  Axe  and  including  Exeter  were  given  the  name  of  Defnan- 
scire,  "  the  portion  cut  off  from  Dyfnaint." 

Dyfnaint,  or  West  Wales,  as  we  may  now  call  it,  still  main- 
tained its  independence.*  Its  capital  is  said  to  have  been 
Celliwig,  between  the  Tamar  and  the  Lynher,  probably  near 
the  modem  Callington.  Regarding  this  as  a  central  position 
for  the  capital  of  the  little  British  kingdom,  one  would  be 
inclined  to  think  that  the  extent  of  its  territory  east  of  the 
Tamar  did  not  greatly  exceed  the  area  of  Cornwall.  We  do 
not  know  many  facts  about  the  kings  who  succeeded  Constantine. 
Tradition  has  been  busy  in  providing  names  for  them,  but  the 
only  well-authenticated  monarch  of  the  dynasty  is  Geraint, 
Ine's  contemporary,  whose  name  appears  both  in  the  Chronicles 
and  in  the  letters  of  Aldhelm. 

In  705  a  new  Episcopal  See  was  established  at  Sherborne, 
a  strong  evidence  that  the  constitution  of  Dorsetshire  and 
Somersetshire  had  been  completed,  and  an  indication  to  us  of 
the  probability  of  further  westward  expansion,  since  the  seat 
of  the  bishopric  was  only  twenty  miles  from  the  Devon  border. 
Aldhelm  was  the  first  bishop. 

At  that  time  there  were  disputes  going  on  between  the  British 
and  Roman  Churches  about  the  correct  date  of  Easter  Sunday, 
and  other  controversial  matters.  Feeling  had  run  so  high  that 
the  British  priests  refused  to  join  their  Roman  brethren  in 
worship,  or  even  to  take  food  with  them.  Geraint,  in  response 
to  a  letter  from  Aldhelm,  used  his  influence  to  bring  about  a 
reconciliation. 

Aldhelm  died  in  709.  and  in  the  following  year  a  war  broke 
out  between  Geraint  and  Ine,  who  was  assisted  by  his  kinsman 
Nun,  king  of  Sussex.  We  do  not  know  how  long  this  war 
lasted,  or  how  far  Ine  was  successful,   but   an  entry  in  the 


86  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 7 

Chronicles  of  date  722  enables  us  to  say  that  either  about  this 
time,  or  perhaps  earlier  in  his  reign,  he  had  built  the  fortress 
of  Taunton  to  secure  his  border.  Some  troubles  with  his  own 
kinsfolk  prevented  Ine  from  extending  his  conquests  farther 
west,  and  when  in  725  he  resigned  his  crown  and  retired  to 
Rome,  he  left  to  his  successor  Athelhard  the  difficult  task  of 
repressing  civil  dissensions. 

The  first  eight  years  of  Athelhard's  reign  were  somewhat 
disastrous,  for  the  king  of  Mercia,  Ethelbald,  taking  advantage 
of  his  domestic  troubles,  invaded  his  territory  and  reduced  him 
to  a  state  of  vassalage.  During  the  last  six  years  of  his  reign 
his  subjection  to  the  masterful  Mercian  obliged  him  to  lead 
forces  against  the  Welsh  at  the  bidding  of  the  latter.  But 
there  is  no  good  reason  to  suppose  that  there  was  any  yielding 
of  ground  on  the  Western  border.  Quite  the  contrary  may  have 
been  the  case  ;  military  prestige  was  in  those  days  vital  to  a 
monarch's  security  of  tenure  and  very  probably  Athelhard, 
having  lost  heavily  in  his  conflict  with  the  Mercians,  would  seek 
to  regain  his  prestige  at  the  expense  of  his  weaker  British 
neighbours  ;  in  addition  to  which  the  pressure  on  the  northern 
border  of  Wessex  may  have  forced  some  of  the  West  Saxons 
elsewhere  in  search  of  new  habitations.  History,  ancient  and 
modem,  is  full  of  examples  in  which  nations,  driven  back  on 
one  frontier,  have  expanded  on  another. 

Some  twenty-five  years  ago  there  was  discovered  among 
the  Crawford  Collection  of  manuscripts  relating  to  Crediton  a 
charter  of  Athelhard  dated  in  739,  the  last  year  of  his  reign. 
This  recites  a  grant  by  him  to  the  monastery  of  Crediton  of 
20  hides  of  land  in  that  place,  and  it  is  important  as  definitely 
establishing  the  fact  that  his  kingdom  extended  well  into  Mid- 
Devon  and  as  strengthening  the  supposition  that  he  had  some 
encounters  with  the  West  Welsh,  for  the  blood  spilt  in  which 
he  was  desirous  of  making  atonement.  We  may  take  it  then 
that  by  739  the  Saxon  dominions  included  that  portion  of 
Devon  which  is  now  served  by  the  South- Western  railway  line 
running  between  Axminster  and  Yeoford,  perhaps  also  the  por- 
tion between  Exeter  and  Dartmouth  on  the  Great  Western  line. 

The  narrative  of  the  conquest  so  far  is  largely  based  on 
supposition,  as  any  narrative  with  so  httle  authentic  material 
to  support  it  must  of  necessity  be,  and  it  is  not  quite  in  accord 
with  the  previously  published  accounts  of  the  conquest.  But 
these  accounts  have  been  tainted  I  y  the  tendency  of  sixteenth 
century  antiquaries  to  translate  local  traditions  into  established 
facts,  and  by  misinterpretations  of  the  entries  in  the  Chronicles 
and  other  earlv  histories. 


The  Saxon  Conquest  of  Devon  87 

And  not  the  least  valuable  result  of  the  discovery  of  Athel- 
hard's  charter  is  the  reproof  which  it  administers  to  the  older 
generation  of  West-country  historians.  Their  methods  of 
compilation  had  led  them  to  the  conclusion  that  no  Saxon 
conquest  of  any  part  of  Devon  prior  to  750  was  at  all  probable. 
The  tradition  of  Winfrith's  birth  at  Crediton  and  early  education 
at  Exeter  was  explained  by  them  as  due  to  the  settlement  of  a 
few  Saxon  colonists  in  the  midst  of  a  British  territory.  In  the 
face  of  the  charter  there  is  a  pathetic  attempt  to  cling  still  to 
this  untenable  theory,  and  to  enlarge  the  small  body  of  colonists 
so  as  to  include  the  whole  valley  of  the  Greedy  and  some  adjoin- 
ing districts,  an  enclave  which,  as  has  been  pointed  out,  would 
soon  have  either  collapsed  or  burst  its  barriers  in  one  or  another 
of  the  oft-recurring  conflicts  between  Saxon  and  Briton.  It  is 
surely  far  better  to  reject  once  for  all  the  unsatisfactory  older 
attempts,  and  to  reconstruct  the  narrative  of  the  Saxon  con- 
quest of  Devon  in  accordance  with  the  best  results  of  recent 
research. 

Part  II.— 739  to  825. 

Shortly  after  the  granting  of  the  Crediton  charter,  perhaps 
in  the  same  year,  Athelhard  died,  and  was  succeeded  by  his 
kinsman  Cuthred.  The  latter,  a  more  vigorous  and  successful 
type  of  monarch,  had  some  strenuous  experiences  of  fighting. 
In  743  we  find  him  in  alliance  with  Ethelbald  against  the 
British,  and  it  has  been  suggested  that  on  this  occasion  the 
Mercians  and  West  Saxons  wer^  fighting  in  the  western  penin- 
sula, which  Ethelbald  wished  to  colonize  with  Mercians  ;  but 
there  is  no  clear  evidence  to  confirm  the  suggestion,  whereas 
it  is  indisputable  that  some  years  before  Ethelbald  had  obliged 
Cuthred's  predecessor  to  serve  under  him  against  the  Britons 
across  the  Severn,  and  we  know  that  Ethelbald's  suzerainty 
was  recognized  by  the  West  Saxons  as  late  as  744. 

Under  Cuthred's  rule  the  kingdom  of  Wessex  regained  its 
umty  and  independence.  Ethelbald's  supremacy  was  ended 
at  the  battle  of  Burford  in  752,  and  in  the  next  year  the 
victorious  Wessex  king  also  inflicted  a  defeat  on  the  Britons 
of  the  west,  who  seemingly  had  been  taking  advantage  of  his 
preoccupation  with  the  Mercians  to  harass  his  western  border. 
The  way  was  now  clear  for  the  conquest  of  North  Devon. 

Cuthred's  victorious  career  was  cut  short  by  his  death  in 
754,  after  a  short  but  not  inglorious  reign  of  about  fifteen  years. 
Having  endured  a  year  of  turmoil  under  an  incapable  tyrant 
named  Sigebert,  the  West  Saxon  Council  elected  Cynewulf 
to  the  throne,  and  the  fighting  against  the  West  Britons  was 


88  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


soon  resumed.  This  time  an  active  and  successful  campaign 
ensued,  in  which  many  hard  battles  weie  fought.  The  Britons 
of  North  Devon  and  North  Cornwall  were  driven  out  or  exter- 
minated, and  their  lands  were  occupied  by  Saxon  colonists. 
The  prevalence  of  the  terminations  "  cot  "  and  "  worthy  " 
in  the  place-names  of  the  northern  parishes  on  both  sides 
of  the  Tamar,  points  to  the  extensive  and  sweeping  nature 
of  the  re-population,  and  Cynewulf  himself,  in  a  grant  made 
about  766  to  Wells,  confesses  to  the  truculent  character  of 
the  conquest.  Those  who  profess  to  detect  in  the  place- 
names  some  evidence  of  a  Midland  element  in  North  Devon, 
and  thus  to  assign  the  North  Devon  conquest  to  the  supposed 
joint  campaign  of  Mercians  and  West  Saxons  in  743,  may  be 
placated  by  a  suggestion  that  among  the  North  Devon  colonists 
it  is  quite  possible  there  may  have  been  a  number  of  Wessex 
fugitives  from  the  Thames  valley,  where,  during  the  reigns  of 
Ethelbald  and  his  successor  Offa,  the  pressure  of  Mercia  was 
frequent  and  severe.  In  779  Offa  gained  an  important  victor}' 
over  the  West  Saxons  at  Bensington,  in  Oxfordshire. 

Cynewulf,  having  reigned  about  thirty-one  years,  was 
assassinated  in  786  by  Sigebert's  brother,  Cynehard,  who 
was  himself  also  slain  on  the  occasion.  The  narrative  of  the 
crime  states  that  Cynehard  was  buried  at  Axminster.  With 
this  statement  before  them  all  the  local  historians  are  in  agree- 
ment that  East  Devon  was  now  part  of  the  Saxon  dominions, 
but  the  older  school  are  inclined  to  credit  Cynewulf  with  the 
possession  of  the  eastern  part  only,  and  there  is  a  further  differ- 
ence of  opinion  as  to  how  much  of  the  conquest  is  to  be 
attributed  to  Cuthred  and  Cjniewulf  respectively.  All  things 
considered,  the  probabilities  are  that  the  actual  acquisition  of 
territory  took  place  mainly  under  Cynewulf,  and  that  his  gains 
included  the  whole  of  North  Devon  (the  Exmoor  region  of 
which  may  have  retained  some  British  inhabitants  under 
Saxon  rule).  North  Cornwall  as  far  as  Padstow,  and  possibly 
the  Tamar  valley ;  Dartmoor  and  the  South  Hams  perhaps 
still  remained  British  territory.  The  directions  of  Cynewulfs 
conquests,  expressed  in  terms  of  railway  routes,  appear  to 
have  been  along  the  lines  proceeding  from  Yeoford  to  Ilfracombe 
and  Padstow  respectively,  and  including  the  coast  region  north- 
west of  those  lines. 

The  next  king  of  Wessex,  Bertric,  was  too  busily  occupied  in 
securing  his  throne  against  his  youthful  rival,  Egbert,  and  in 
guarding  his  coasts  against  a  new  enemy,  the  Danes,  to  think 
of  attempting  fresh  conquests.  We  have  only  one  small  bit 
of  evidence,  and  that  not  a  very  helpful  one,  as  to  the  extent 


The  Saxon  Conquest  of  Devon  89 

of  his  territory  in  the  West.  In  a  grant  of  land  by  him  under 
date  801,  the  witnesses  include  seven  "  principes,"  who  were 
probably  heads  of  shires.  Three  of  them  we  can  ascertain 
to  have  been  the  respective  "  aldermen  "  of  Berks,  Hants,  and 
Wilts.  Kent  and  Sussex,  and  the  counties  north  of  the  Thames, 
were  certainly  outside  Bertric's  dominions;  Surrey  probably 
was  also.  The  other  four  Aldermen  or  "  principes  "  must  then 
be  assigned  to  Dorset,  Somerset,  and  two  other  shires,  which, 
if  we  omit  Surrey,  were  both  in  the  West.  The  most  probable 
solution  for  the  two  missing  shires  is  to  take  Devonshire  as 
one,  and  Triconshire,  the  region  which  included  North  Cornwall, 
and  may  then  have  also  included  Cynewulf's  conquest  in  North 
Devon,  as  the  other.  The  expression  "  Defnanshire,"  which, 
as  has  been  suggested,  was  probably  first  employed  by  Ine, 
must  have  been  in  its  early  use  a  flexible  term,  which  could 
only  receive  a  fixed  meaning  when  the  Saxon  conquest  had 
definitely  advanced  beyond  the  line  of  the  Tamar. 

The  last  stage  of  the  conquest  brings  us  to  the  time  of  Egbert, 
who  succeeded  Bertric  early  in  802,  and  reigned  till  the  summer 
of  839.  Egbert  began  his  reign  with  two  distinct  advantages, 
an  undisputed  succession  and  a  country  which,  except  for  one 
Danish  raid,  had  enjoyed  internal  peace  during  sixteen  years. 
But  the  external  aspect  was  disquieting.  Mercia,  though  by 
her  overbearing  acts  she  had  earned  the  hatred  of  the  smaller 
English  kingdoms,  was  still  powerful  and  alert.  A  great  empire 
had  been  formed  on  the  Continent  under  Charlemagne,  which 
might  in  the  near  future  seek  to  add  England  to  its  dominions. 
There  was  also  the  Danish  menace,  but  that  in  the  sequel  proved 
to  Egbert's  advantage,  for  it  was  still  more  a  menace  to  the 
English  of  the  north  and  east,  and  the  Danish  possession  of 
sea-power  impeded  any  westward  extension  of  Charlemagne's 
empire.     Lastly,  there  were  the  Britons  in  Cornwall. 

Trained  in  the  court  of  Charlemagne,  where  he  had  for 
several  years  resided  as  an  exile,  Egbert  cherished  ambitions  of 
founding  a  powerful  kingdom.  But  he  had  to  walk  warily  at 
the  outset.  We  hear  little  of  him  for  ten  years,  but  we  may 
be  sure  that  he  employed  his  time  profitably  in  the  internal 
organization  of  his  kingdom.  Profiting  doubtless  by  the 
experience  of  his  predecessors  Ine  and  Cuthred,  he  seems  to 
have  determined  that  the  little  Celtic  state  on  his  western 
borders  should  not  be  allowed  to  retain  an  independence  which 
might  hamper  him  in  his  northward  movements.  So  in  812 
he  set  up  a  claim  of  suzerainty  over  the  Cornish,  just  as  his 
mentor,  Charlemagne,  had  done  a  short  time  before  over  the 
Britons  of  Armorica  across  the  Channel.    The  Cornish  resisted. 


90  The  Devonian  Year  Book,   191 7 

and  Egbert  in  enforcement  of  the  claim  "  harried  West  Wales 
from  eastward  to  westward."  In  or  about  the  year  815,  begin- 
ning with  what  may  still  have  remained  of  British  Devon,  the 
sparsely  populated  Dartmoor  and  South  Hams,  he  marched 
across  the  Tamar  to  Land's  End,  conquering  as  he  went.  The 
effect  of  this  invasion  was,  apparently,  to  complete  and  con- 
solidate the  conquest  of  Devon,  to  annex  South-east  Cornwall 
under  the  name  of  Wellshire,  of  which  three  estates — Pawton, 
Callington,  and  Lawhitton — were  granted  to  the  see  of  Sher- 
borne, and  to  reduce  the  rest  of  Cornwall  to  a  state  of  vassalage. 

It  may  be  asked  what  makes  us  think  that  the  conquest  of 
South  Devon  was  later  than  that  of  North  Devon.  There 
were  no  local  records  in  those  days,  nor  for  centuries  after 
(except  the  references  in  old  charters  and  ecclesiastical  missives 
to  acts  of  piety  such  as  Athelhard's  Crediton  grant  and  Egbert's 
Sherborne  grant),  and  we  cannot  tell  the  exact  fate  of  any 
})articular  district ;  but  a  glance  at  a  very  old  county  map 
will  suggest  one  reason.  The  hundreds,  or  districts,  into  which 
Devon  was  for  certain  administrative  purposes  divided  by  the 
Saxons,  are  of  varying  sizes  and  shapes  in  the  east  and  north, 
some  of  them  being  comparatively  quite  small.  Of  the  six 
lying  west  of  the  Dart,  four,  Cadelintona  (Coleridge),  Dippe- 
forda  (Stanborough),  Alleriga  (Ermington),  and  Plintona 
(Plympton),  are  nearly  uniform  in  size,  and  though  their  boun- 
daries are  not  quite  regular,  they  may  be  roughly  regarded  as 
parallel  strips  of  land  extending  from  the  Dart  to  the  south- 
west coast.  The  other  two,  Walchentona  (Roborough),  and 
Listona  (Lifton  with  Tavistock),  are  larger  than  these,  but  the 
additional  size  is  made  up  of  somewhat  inaccessible  moorland. 
Now  the  partly  geometrical  regularity  and  greater  average  size 
of  these  six  hundreds  seem  to  show  what  we  know  to  be  the 
case  in  a  country  like  the  United  States,  where  the  older  divi- 
sions are  usually  small  and  irregular,  and  the  newer  ones  large 
and  regular  in  pattern.  One  incUnes  to  the  conclusion  that 
these  South  Devon  divisions  were  made  very  soon  after  the 
country  was  conquered  and  before  it  was  colonized  to  any  large 
extent  by  Saxons,  whereas  in  the  other  portions  of  the  county 
the  divisions  simply  followed  the  Hues  of  tribal  settlements. 

About  ten  years  after,  in  825,  when  Egbert  was  bringing  to 
a  close  the  long  struggle  between  Wessex  and  Mercia,  the  West 
Welsh  revolted,  and  advancing  to  recover  their  lost  territory, 
they  encountered  a  force  of  Devonian  Saxons  at  Gafulford. 
This  place  may  have  been  Galford,  two  miles  west  of  Lydford, 
or  one  of  the  fords  crossing  the  Tamar,  though  some  writers 
have  suggested  Camelford  in  North  Cornwall.     No  result  of 


The  Saxon  Cotujuest  of  Devon  91 

this  battle  is  given,  but  we  may  take  it  that  the  Devonians 
were  successful  under  Egbert's  direction  (he  is  known  to  have 
been  at  Crediton  during  the  August  of  825)  ;  it  is  a  striking 
evidence  of  the  Saxon  advance,  that  the  men  of  Devon  and  the 
men  of  Cornwall  were  now  opposed  to  each  other. 

The  Cornish  in  838  made  one  more  effort  to  regain  their 
independence.  Allying  themselves  with  a  large  force  of  Danish 
invaders,  they  again  revolted.  Egbert  in  person  led  an  army 
against  them,  and  fought  with  them  at  Kingston  Down,  near 
Calstock,  where  he  put  to  flight  both  the  Cornish  and  the  Danes. 
This  was  his  last  battle,  for  in  the  next  year  he  died. 

Before  his  death  he  had  the  satisfaction  of  extinguishing  the 
last  vestiges  of  Cornish  independence,  his  victory  being  followed 
by  the  submission  of  the  Cornish  bishop,  Kenstec  of  Dinurrin. 
to  the  ecclesiastical  authority  of  Ceolnoth,  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury.  There  were  of  course  still  some  Britons  in  Devon, 
for  Egbert  never  resorted  to  a  policy  of  extermination,  but 
they  were  not  strong  enough  to  cause  any  anxiety.  Cornwall, 
reduced  to  subjection  and  partly  occupied  by  Saxons,  was 
no  longer  formidable  as  a  fighting  force. 

From  the  time  of  Egbert  onward  Devon  appears  in  the 
Chronicles  as  a  Saxon  shire,  with  a  Saxon  alderman,  and  is 
invariably  treated  as  an  integral  part  of  Wessex.  The  story 
of  a  subsequent  conquest  of  western  Devon  and  Cornwall  by 
Athelstan  has  no  foundation  in  any  trustworthy  source. 
Athelstan  came  to  the  West  as  an  administrator,  not  as  a 
conqueror,  and  the  battles  which  he  is  said  to  have  fought  are 
the  freakish  fancies  of  late  medieval  and  modem  chroniclers. 

So  far  then  as  we  know,  the  Saxon  conquest  of  this  countv 
was  not  begun  before  658,  and  was  completed  by  825.  With 
the  scanty  supply  of  sound  material  that  we  possess,  it  is  not 
possible  to  construct  a  very  substantial  narrative,  but  we  can 
at  any  rate  obtain  in  inteUigible  though  imperfect  outhne — and 
even  that  is  surely  a  thing  well  worth  having — the  story  of 
how  our  Saxon  ancestors  came  into  Devon. 


02  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 7 


Some   Recent  Devonshire   Literature. 

Compiled  by  H.  Tapley-Soper,  City  Librarian,  Exeter. 

{This  list  aims  at  including  all  books  by  Devonians,  by  residents  in  Devon, 
and  books  about  Devon.  The  compiler  will  be  grateful  if  readers  will  inform 
him  of  any  omissions,  in  order  that  they  may  be  included  in  next  year's  list. 
Publishers  are  invited  to  send  to  the  compiler  copies  of  books  for  notice  in 
future  issues  of  the  Year  Book.) 

Bruce,  J.  H.  W.  Knight-.     "  Dartmoor  Days  with  the  Forest 

Hunt."     (Murray,  6/-.)     1916. 
Carpenter,    W.    Boyd    (Bp.).     "  Further   Pages   of    My    Life." 

(WilHams  &  Norgate,  10/6  net.)     1916. 
Chase,  Beatrice.     "  Gorse  Blossoms  from  Dartmoor"  [poems]. 

(Longman,  1/-.)     1916. 
Chope,  R.  Pearse.     "  Farthest  from  Railways  [Hartlandi  :  An 

Unknown  Corner  of  Devon."     (Wright  &  Sons,  Bristol,  1/-.) 

1916. 
Coleridge,  Stephen.     "Vivisection."     (Lane,  5/- net.)     1916. 
Coleridge,  Stephen.     "  An  Evening  in  my  Library  among  the 

Enghsh  Poets."     (Lane,  3/6.)     1916. 
CoUings,  Jesse.     "  The  Great  War  :    Its  Lessons  and  its  Warn- 
ings."    (The  Rural  World  Publishing  Co.,  2/-  net.)     1916. 
Cook,  Theodore.     "  Kaiser  Krupp  and  Kultur."     (Murray,  1/- 

net.)     1915. 
Cook,  Theodore.     "  Kultur   and    Catastrophe."     (Murray,    1/- 

net).     1915. 
Cresswell,  Beatrix  F.     "  Edwardian  Inventories  for  the  County 

and  City  of  Exeter."     (Alcuin  Club  Collections,  vol.  xx.,  A.  R. 

Mowbray  &  Co.,  10/6.)     1916. 
"Davy's   Devon   Herd   Book,"  vol.   39.      (Mounter,  Taunton, 

3/-  net.)     1916. 
Drake,  Maurice  and  Wilfred.     "  Saints  and  Their  Emblems." 

(Werner  Laurie,  42/-.)     1916. 
Durham,  W.  E.     "  Summer  Holidays  in  the  Alps."     (T.  Fisher 

Unwin,  15/-.)     1916. 
Escott,  T.  H.  S.     "  Great  Victorians  :    Memories  and  Person- 

aUties."     (Fisher  Unwin,  12/-  net.)     1916. 
Exeter  Diocesan  Kalendar  and  Clergy   List.     (Besley  &  Copp, 

Exeter,  1/6).     1916. 


Some  Recent  Devonshire  Literature  93 

Exeter  Diocesan  Finance  Year  Book.     (Townsend,  Exeter,  1  /-.) 

1916. 
ICxeter,   Report  on  the  Records  of  the  City  of.     (Historical 

Manuscripts  Commission,  2/3.)     1916. 
Ferrier,  J.  Todd.     "  The  Logia  :    or,  Sayings  of  the  Master." 

(Order  of  the  Cross,  Paignton.)     1915. 
"From  Dartmouth  to  the  Dardanelles:  A  Midshipman's  Log.' 

(Heinemann,  1/-.)     1916. 
Gribble,  Francis     "  In  Luxembourg  in  War  Time."     (Headley, 

5/-  net.)     1916. 
Gribble,    Francis.     "  Women   in   War."     (Sampson    Low,    7/6 

net.)     1916. 
Hamilton,  Lord  Frederick.     "  Some  Holiday  Adventures  of  Mr. 

P.  J.  Davenant  in  the  Year  1915."     (Nash,  3/6  net.)     1916. 
Hole,  W.  G.    "  Men  of  Devon,  and  Other  Poems."    (Cecil  Palmer 

and  Hayward,  1/6  net.)     1916. 
Harris,  E.  F.     "  French  for  the  Front :    A  Short  Cut  to  the 

French   Language   in  Rhyme."     (Marlborough   &   Co.,    Ply- 
mouth, 3d.  net).     1915. 
[Kingdon,  F.  H.]     "  History  of  St.  Bridget's,  Bridgerule,  1888- 

1913."     (Ben  Oke,  North  Devon  Printing  Works,  Holsworthy.) 

1913  {Pamphlet). 
Kingsley,  Charles,  and  "  Lucas  Malet."     "  The  Tutor's  Stor}*." 

(Smith,  Elder  &  Co.,  6/-.)     1916. 
McCarthy,    J.     Huntly.     "  In    Spacious    Times."    (Hurst     & 

Blackett,  6/-.)     1916. 
Mount  Edgecumbe,  The  Earl  of.     "  King's  English."     (Simpkin, 

Marshall,  3/-  net.)     1916.      • 
"  Notes  on  the  Priory  of    St.  Nicholas  at  Exeter."     (At  the 

Priory,  6d.)     1916. 
Oxenham,  John.     "  My  Lady  of  the  Moor."     (Longmans,  6/-.) 

1916. 
Phillpotts,  Eden.     "  Dehght."     (Palmer  &  Hayward,  3/6  net.) 

1916. 
Phillpotts,    Eden.     "  Faith    Tresilion."     (Ward,    Lock,    6/-.) 

1916. 
Phillpotts,  Eden.     "  The  Giri  and  the  Faun."  (6/-).     1916. 
Phillpotts,    Eden.     "  The   Green   Alleys."     (Heinemann,    6/-.) 

1916. 
Phillpotts,   Eden.     "  Human  Boy  and  the  War."     (Methuen, 

6/-.)     1916. 
Phillpotts,    Adelaide    Eden.     "  Illyrion,    and    Other    Poems." 

(Palmer  &  Hayward,  1/6.)     1916. 
"  Rita."     "  The    Iron    Stair :      A    Romance    of    Dartmoor." 

(Putnam,  6/-.)     1916. 


94  The  Devonian  Year  Book,   1917 

Robertson,  George  W.     "  The  Life  of  Saint  Boniface,  by  Willi- 

bald,"  translated  into  English  for  the  first  time.     (Humphrey 

Milford,  5/-  net.)     1916. 
Robinson,  W.  Fothergill.     "  The  Harvesting,  and  Other  Poems." 

(Ersken  Macdonald,    1/-.)     1916. 
Steuart,   Douglas   Stuart   Spens-.     "  Metalliferous  Deposits  of 

Cornwall  and  Devon."     (J.  Parry  &  Co.,  3/6  net.) 
"  Stags  Head."     "  Old  Torquay."     (Author:   Mayfield,  Seaton. 

1/-.)     1916. 
Taylor,  Thomas.    "  Celtic  Christianity  of  Cornwall."    (Longmans, 

3/6.)     1916. 
Temp  e,  William.     "  Mens  Creatrix  :  An  Essay."     (Macmillan, 

7/6  net.) 
Thornton,  W.  H.     "  Devonshire  Scripts  and  Stories."     (Towns- 
end,  Exeter,  1/6.)     1915. 
Tozer,  Edward  J.  F.     "  South  Devon  Hunt."     (Morton  WooUey, 

Teignmouth,  21/-.)     1916. 
Trevena,  John.     "  The  Captain's  Furniture."     (Mills  &  Boon, 

6/-.)     1916. 
T'Serclaes,    Baroness,   and    Mairi  Chisholm.     "  Cellar-house   of 

Pervyse."     (Black,  6/-  net.)     1916. 
Ward,  Estelle  Frances.      "  Christopher  Monk,  Duke  of   Albe- 
marle."    (Murray,  12/-.)     1915. 
Willcofks,  M.  P.    "  The  Eyes  ot  the  Bhnd."    (Hutchinson,  6/-.) 
Williams.  B.  H.     "  Ancient  West  Country  Families  and  Their 

Armorial  Bearings,"  vol.  i.     (T.  A.  D.  Bridger,  Penzance,  6/-.) 

1916. 
Williamson,  C.  N.,  and  A.  M.     "  Secret  History." 
Williamson,  C.  N.,  and  A.  M.     "  The  Lightning  Conductress." 

(Methuen,  5/-  net.)     1916. 
Williamson,  C.  N.,  and  A.  M.     "  The  Shop  Girl."     (Methuen. 

6/-.)     1916. 
Williamson,  C.  N.,  and.  AM.     "  This  Woman  to  this  Man." 


Affiliated  Societies  95 


Affiliated  Societies. 


BARUMITES    IN    LONDON. 

Founded  1893. 

President :    Hubert  Bath,  Esq. 

Hon.    Secretary :     F.    Gabriel,    Roborough,    17,    Park    Avenue    South. 

Crouch  End,  N. 
Object :  To  promote  social  gatherings  and  good-fellowship. 
Subscription  :    is.  per  annum. 
Qualification :  Connection  with  Barnstaple  or  its  neighbourhood.    Limited 

to  men. 
Meetings  :  Annual  dinner  in  London. 

LONDON    BIDEFORDIAN    SOCIETY. 

Founded  1914. 

President :   S.  R.  Chope,  Esq.,  Mayor  of  Bideford. 

Vice-Presidents  :   The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Halsbury,  P.C.  ;    C.  S. 

Carnegie,  Esq.,  J. P.;  W.  T.  Charlewood,  Esq.;  R.  Pearse  Chope, 

Esq.,  B.A.  ;   W.  Crosbie  Coles,  Esq.  ;  T.  Cutland,  Esq.  ;   Charles 

Garvice,  Esq.,  F.R.S.L.  ;   Dr.  J.  Heard  ;   Rev.  T.  Newton  Leeke  ; 

Capt.  McNeill  Martin  ;    VV.  F.  Mountjov,  Esq.  ;    J.  Omer,  Esq.  ; 

C.  S.  Parker,  Esq.  ;    R.  Puddicombe,  Esq.  ;    H.  N.  G.  Stucley, 

Esq.,  J. P.,  C.A. 
Hon.  Treasurer :    A.  Hayne-Evans. 
Hon.  Secretaries  :   George  H.  Heywood  and  F.  R.  Cann,  336,  Holloway 

Road,  N. 
Objects  :  To  strengthen  the  bond  of  friendship  and  to  keep  in  touch  with 

those  from  "  the  Little  White  Town  on  the  Hill." 
Qualification  :    Persons  connected  with  Bideford  and  district  by  birth, 

marriage,  descent,  or  former  residence. 
Subscription  :    Gentlemen,  2s.  6d.  per  annum  ;    ladies,  is.  6d. 
Meetings  :    Annual  dinner  in  London  and  other  social  gatherings  during 

the  winter  months. 

Owing  to  the  continued  hostilities,  the  programme  for  the  past  season 
was  considerably  curtailed.  Most  of  our  young  men  have  answered  the 
call  of  their  Country,  amongst  them  being  our  late  Hon.  Secretary,  Mr. 
Stanley  J.  Bowen,  and  our  late  Hon.  Treasurer,  Mr.  F.  J.  Sanguine, 
and  now  Mr.  F.  R.  Cann,  who  was  elected  as  joint  Hon.  Secretary  Avith 
Mr.  George  H.  Heywood,  is  also  serving  in  France.  A  successful  whist 
drive  was  held  on  Feb.  12th  ;  and  on  May  18th  a  most  interesting  lantern 
lecture  on  the  history  of  Bideford,  with  special  reference  to  Kingsley's 
Westward  Ho  !  was  given  by  R.  Pearse  Chope,  Esq.,  B..\.,  at  Anderton's 
Hotel,  and  was  much  appreciated,  the  chair  being  taken  by  R.  Puddicombe, 
Esq.  The  great  concert  held  at  the  Holborn  Restaurant  on  Nov.  17th, 
to  provide  funds  for  the  visitation  of  wounded  Devonians  in  London 
hospitals,  was  well  attended  by  Bidefordians,  who  contributed  also 
;^6  4s.  by  way  of  donations  to  the  cause.  We  finish  our  second  year 
with  a  balance  of  over  £i(i  in  hand,  which  we  consider  satisfactory  under 
present  circumstances. 


96  The  Devonian  Year  Book  1917, 

THE    EXETER    CLUB. 

(London  and  District  Branch.) 

Founded  1880. 

President :    J.  J.  Harris,  Esq. 

Vice-President :    H.  M.  Etherington,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  Harold  D.  Powe,  7b,  Peterborough  Villas, 
Fulham.  S.W. 

Assistant  Hon.  Secretary  :   H.  P.  Kelly. 

Press  Correspondent :    A.  S.  Adams. 

Objects  :  To  promote  friendly  and  social  intercourse  ;  to  maintain  the 
status  of  the  Exeter  Training  College  for  schoolmasters,  and  to  give 
opportunities   for  inter-communication   for    mutual   assistance. 

Qualification  :   Training  at  St.  Luke's  College,  Exeter. 

Subscription  :    2s.  6d.  per  annum. 

Meetings  :  Monthly,  in  addition  to  annual  dinner  and  Bohemian  concert. 
In  connection  with  this  Club  are  the  old  Exonians'  Cricket  Club, 
with  the  same  Hon.  Secretary,  and  the  Exonian  Lodge,  No.  3415,  the 
Secretary  of  which  is  F.  J.  Thomson,  31,  Angell  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

THE  OLD  EXONIAN  CLUB. 

(London  Section.) 

Founded   1904. 

President :   Sir  Henry  S.  Hartnoll. 

Vice-Presidents  :    W.  A.  Cunningham,  Esq.,  M.A.  ;    Rev.  A.  A.  David, 

D.D.  ;    E.  T.  England,  Esq.,  M.A.  ;    J.  H.  Fisher,  Esq.,  F.R.C.S.  ; 

Charles  Scott,  Esq.,  J. P. 
Hon.    Secretary  :    Lieut.   A.   Goff  ;    pro  tew.  :    H.   Wreford-Glanvill, 

I,  Royal  Exchange  Avenue,  E.C. 
Objects  :  To  renew  acquaintance  between  Old  Exonians  living  in  London, 

and  to  arrange  dinners  and  other  entertainments. 
Qualification  :   Education  at  the  Exeter  School. 
Subscription  :    3s.  6d.  per  annum. 
Meetings  :  Annual  dinner  in  London,  and  other  gatherings  from  time  to 

time. 
The  School  Magazine  (free  to  members)  is  issued  each  terra. 

THE    OLD    OTTREGIANS'    SOCIETY. 

("  Ottregians  in  London.") 

Founded  1898. 

President :    The  Right  Hon.  The  Lord  Coleridge. 

Vice-Presidents  :  The  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  H.  Kennaway,  Bart.,  C.B. ; 
The  Hon.  Stephen  Coleridge  ;  The  Hon.  Gilbert  Coleridge  ; 
The  Hon.  Geoffrey  Duke  Coleridge. 

Chairman  :    Edward  J.  Barrett. 

Vice-Chairman  :    Tom  Clarke. 

Assistant  Secretaries  :    John  Digby  and  Harold  Drawer. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer:  Sidney  H.  Godfrey,  38,  Chiswick  Lane, 
Chiswick,   W. 

Objects:  To  renew  old  acquaintances;  to  strengthen  the  bond  of  friend- 
ship ;  to  give  advice  and  assistance  to  friendless  Ottregians ;  to 
discuss  home  topics,  and  to  publish  home  news. 


Affiliated  Societies  97 


Qualification  :  Natives  of  the  p>ostaI  district  of  Ottery  St.  Mary,  and  persons 
who  have  lived  for  any  length  of  time  in  the  town. 

Subscription  :   2s.  6d.  per  annum  ;   ladies,  is.  6d. 

Meetings  :  Once  in  eight  weeks  at  the  Ottregian  Room,  The  Cabin,  Strand, 
W.C.,  and  once  a  year  at  Kew  Gardens,  an  annual  concert  at  the 
Cripplegate  Institute  Hall,   and  a  special  train  on  Whit- Mondays 
to  Ottery  St.  Mary. 
A  Benevolent  Fund. 

A  journal  (free  to  members),  containing  news  of  Ottery  St.  Mary,  and 
of  Ottery  people  all  over  the  world. 

Notwithstanding  the  war,  the  meetings  of  members  have  been  held 
throughout  the  year  and  have  been  largely  attended.  A  series  of  whist 
drives  have  been  held  at  Chiswick,  with  excellent  results.  The  patriotism 
of  Ottregians  is  shown  by  over  five  hundred  serving  with  the  Army  and 
Navy.  The  Society's  finances  are.  as  usual,  in  an  excellent  condition, 
and  the  Benevolent  Fund  has  been  of  real  use.  The  meetings  haye  been 
characterized  by  a  spirit  of  great  brotherliness. 

THREE    TOWNS    ASSOCIATION 
(Plymouth.  Stonehouse,  and  Devonport)  in  London. 
Founded  1897. 
President :  W,  H.  Pawlev.  Esq. 

Vice-Presidents :  Major  The  Hon.  Waldorf  Astor,  M.P.  ;  A.  Shirley 
liENN,  Esq.,  M.P.  ;  Sir  Clement  Kinloch-Cooke,  M.P.  ;  Sir  John 
Jackson,  M.P  ;  J.  A.  Hawke,  Esq.,  K.C.  (Recorder  of  Plymouth)  ; 
The  Right  Hon.  H.  E.  Duke,  K.C,  M.P.,  PC.  ;  Dr.  Blake  Odgers 
K.C.  (Recorder  of  Bristol)  ;  The  Mayor  of  Plymouth  ;  Sir  George 
Radford,  M.P.  ;  H.  H.  Vivian,  Esq.,  J. P.  ;  Captain  A.  E.  Spender, 
J.P.  :  W.  J.  McCoRMACK,  Esq.,  J. P.  ;  Rev.  A.  J.  Waldron  ;  W. 
FowELL,  Esq. ;    Frank  I.  Lyons,  Esq.  ;    W.  T.  Madge,  Esq. 

Hon.  Treasurer :   W.  M.  Birch  am.     • 

Hon.  Recreation  Secretary  :   Staff-Sergt.  F.  C.  Warren. 

Hon.  General  Secretary :  F.  C.  Gurry.  93,  Peterborough  Rd,  Fulham,  S.W. 

Object :    The   promotion    of   social   and   intellectual   intercourse    among 

the  members  and  associates. 
Qualification  :    Connection  with  the  Three  Towns  by  birth  or  residence. 
Subscription  :   Gentlemen  3s.  6d.  per  annum,  ladies  is.  per  annum. 
Meetings :     Annual    dinner,    children's    party,    dances,    smokers,    whist 

drives.  Bohemian  concerts,  summer  outing. 
Headquarters  :    St.  Bride  Institute,  Bride  Lane,  Ludgate  Circus,  E.C. 

Taking  all  circumstances  into  consideration,  the  position  of  the  Associa- 
tion is  very  satisfactory.  As  was  to  be  expected,  attendances  at  some 
of  our  meetings  of  last  season  were  below  the  average,  but  the  fact  that  at 
these  meetings  the  sum  of  more  than  £1^  was  subscribed  in  aid  of  the 
Y.M.C.A.  Huts  Fund  and  other  benevolent  agencies  dealing  with  our 
fighting  forces,  fully  justifies  our  policy  of  '  carrying  on  "  as  far  as  possible. 
Our  Annual  Dinner,  dances,  and  summer  outing  are  for  the  present 
omitted  from  our  programme.  We  have  taken  an  active  part  in  the 
County  Associations'  Scheme  for  visl+ing  wounded  soldiers  in  London 
hospitals.  A  committee  of  ladies,  under  the  energetic  direction  of  Mrs. 
Pawley,  has  been  formed,  and  many  wounded  Three  Townsmen  have  been 

7 


98  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  i^iy 

visited  in  hospital.  The  Benevolent  Fund,  ably  managed  by  Mr.  C.  H. 
Warren,  has  had  very  few  calls  made  upon  it  during  the  past  season. 
The  Committee  are  greatly  indebted  to  Mr.  J.  Donald,  who  has  kindly 
undertaken  the  work  of  Recreation  Secretary  in  the  absence  on  active 
service  of  Staff- Sergeant  F.  C.  Warren.  The  successful  working  of  the 
Association  under  the  difficult  conditions  arising  out  of  the  great  War 
affords  good  grounds  for  confidence  regarding  its  prosperity  when  peace 
shall  have  been  victoriously  restored. 


THE    TIVERTONIAN    ASSOCIATION. 
Founded  1909. 
President :   C.  Carew,  Esq.,  M.P. 
Vice-Presidents  :  Sir  George  Kekewich,  K.C.B.  ;  Sir  Robert  Newman 

Bart.,  D.L.,  J. P.  ;  Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford,  VD  ;  Sir  Ian  M.  Heath 

COAT    Amory,    Bart.,    J. P.  ;      Rev.    Martin  Anstey,    M.A.,    B.D. 

Rev.    W.    p.    Besley,   M.A.  ;     Rev.    S.    J.    Childs-Clarke,   M.A. 

G.  E.  CocKRAM,  Esq.  ;    John  Coles,  Esq.,  J. P.  ;    F.  Chobb-Finch 

Esq.  ;    Thos.   H.  Ford,  Esq.,   J. P.  ;    The  Mayor  of  Tiverton  (A.  T 

Gregory,   Esq.)  ;     E.   V.   Huxtable,   Esq.  ;    S.   G.   Jarman,   Esq. 

Lewis  Mackenzie,  Esq. ;  H.  Mudford,  Esq.,  J. P.  ;   E.  J.  Snell,  Esq. 

JohnThorne,  Esq.,  J. P.  ;  W.  Thorne,  Esq.  ;   F.  G.  Wright,  Esq. 
Hon.  Treasurer  and  Assistant  Secretary  :  E.  T.  Clarke. 
Hon.  Secretary:   W.  Passmore,  ioi,  Elspeth  Rd.,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 
Representative  in  Tiverton  :    H.  Hippisley. 
Objects  :   To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  Tivertonians ;  to  assist 

those  in  need  ;  and  to  advise  and  influence  young  men  starting  on  a 

commercial  or  professional  career. 
Qualification :      Persons    connected    with    the    Tiverton    Parliamentary 

Division  by  birth,  descent,  marriage,  or  former  residence. 
Subscription:   Ordinary  Members  (Ladies  or  Gentlemen),   2s.  per  annum; 

Hon.  Members — Gentlemen,  los.,  Ladies,  5s. 
Meetings :  Concerts,  whist  drives,  dances,  and  annual  dinner  during  the 

winter  months. 
The  Association  has  been  affiliated  to  St.  Bride  Institute.     Membership 

over  4 "50. 

The  principal  functions,  viz.,  the  annual  dinner,  dance,  concert,  and 
excursion,  were  again  abandoned  in  consequence  of  the  War,  but  a  series 
of  whist  drives  was  held  which  were  well  patronized,  and  served  the 
purpose  the  committee  had  in  view  of  affording  members  opportunities  of 
meeting  each  other  and  keeping  alive  their  interest  in  the  Association. 
Six  members  of  the  committee  (including  our  energetic  Hon.  Treasurer 
and  Assistant  Secretary)  and  many  other  members  of  the  Association 
have  been  on  military  service,  or  taking  their  part  in  special  constabulary, 
V.A.D.,  or  volunteer  work.  Wounded  Tivertonians  in  London  Hospitals 
have  been  visited  by  members,  and  the  Hon.  Secretary  will  always  be 
glad  to  have  notification  of  any  Tivertonian  soldier  or  sailor  who  may  be 
located  in  hospital  in  the  London  district.  At  the  annual  meeting,  C.  Carew, 
Esq.,  M.P.,  was  unanimously  elected  President  in  succession  to  the  late 
Lieut,  the  Hon.  Lionel  Walrond,  M.P.,  who  lost  his  life  from  the  effects 
of  a  chill  contracted  while  on  active  service  in  France.  Arrangements 
have  been  made  for  continuing  during  the  present  season  on  the  same  lines 
as  last  year. 


Affiliated  Societies  99 

WEST    BUCKLAND    SCHOOL    OLD    BOYS'    ASSOCIATION. 

(London  Branch.) 

Founded  1899. 

President :   Alderman  Thomas  Parry,  J. P.  (late  Chairman  of  the  Mon- 
mouthshire County  Council). 
Vice-Presidents  :    G.   William  Hill,   Esq.,   M.D.,   B.Sc. ;    Prof.  T.   B. 

A  TJWT  T         1^    T    ^^    VV 

Chairman  :'  Prof.  T.  A.  Hearson,  M.Inst.C.E.,  M.I.N.A..  F.C.I.P.A. 

Hon.  Secretary  :    F.  H.  Shelley,  15,  Bishopsgate,  E.C. 

Objects  :  To  keep  Old  Boys  in  touch  with  the  School  and  with  each  other  ; 

to  promote  gatherings  among  Old  Boys  for  pleasure  and  sport ;    and 

to  further  the  interests  of  the  School  generally. 
Qualification  :    Education  at  West  Buckland  School. 
Subscription  :   Life  membership,  half  a  guinea. 
Meetings  :   Annual  dinner  in  London,  and  other  social  gatherings  during 

the  winter  months. 
The  School  Magazine  (2s.  per  annum)  is  issued  each  term,  containing 
news  of  Old  Boys  all  over  the  world. 

No  meetings  were  held  during  the  season  1915-6,  owing  to  the  large 
number  of  Old  Boys  on  active  service.  Of  these,  Capt.  V.  C.  Martyn, 
R.A.M.C.,  and  Ijeut.  C.  L.  Callendar  have  won  the  MiUtary  Cross.  A 
Roll  of  Honour  is  being  kept  of  all  Old  Boys  serving  their  country  in 
various  ways,  and  the  Head  Master  is  anxious  to  make  it  as  accurate  and 
complete  as  possible.  Old  Boys  are  requested  to  forward  to  him  full 
names  and  particulars  of  rank,  etc.  The  membership  is  steadily  increasing, 
and  now  numbers  430.  C.  Wheeler,  who  acted  as  Hon.  Secretary  for 
many  years,  has  been  gazetted  Major,  and  T.  P.  Puddicombe,  R.A.M.C. 
Lieut. -Colonel.  The  following  have  lost  their  lives  on  active  service  : 
H.  J.  Dixon  (Somerset  Light  Infantry),  H.  G.  Elliott  (Devons),  A.  Farrier 
(South  Wales  Borderers),  R.  S.  Handford  (Rifle  Brigade),  J.  C.  Johnson 
(Warwicks),  G.  P.  Mortimer  (County  of  London  Yeomanry),  E.  Smith 
(Royal  West  Kents),  E.  G.  Symons  (Royal  North  Devon  Hussars),  S. 
Trull  (Yorks.  and  Lanes.  Regt.),  T.  H.  Watts  (Middlesex),  G.  H.  J.  D. 
White  (Coldstream  Guards).  We  regret  also  to  report  the  deaths  of 
Engineer-Captain  W.  D.  Chope,  R.N.,  and  J.  A.  Chope,  M.R.A.S.E., 
(brothers  of  the  Editor  of  the  Devonian  Year  Book),  and  of  John  Hewish 
and  John  Snell,  each  of  whom  was  formerly  Head  Prefect  of  the  School. 

SOCIETY    OF    DEVONIANS    IN    BRISTOL. 
Founded  1891. 

President :    W.  J.  South  wood,  Esq. 

Vice-President  :    A.  Beer,  Esq. 

Hon.  Treasurer :    A.  Dodge. 

Hon.  Secretary  :    H.  Garland,  180,  Redland  Road,  Bristol. 

Objects  :  To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  Devonians  in  Bristol 
by  social  gatherings,  and  to  assist  benevolent  or  charitable  objects, 
with  a  special  regard  to  those  in  which  Devonians  are  interested. 

Qualification  :    Natives,  and  others  connected  with  Devon. 

Subscription  :   5s.  per  annum  ;    ladies,  2s.  6d. 

Meetings  :   Annual  dinner,  and  concerts,  etc.,  from  time  to  time. 

The  Society  possesses  a  Presidential  Badge,  each  Past-President  con- 
tributing a  link  for  a  chain. 


100  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

The  Committee  have  been  prevented  by  the  shadow  of  the  Great  War 
from  arranging  the  usual  social  gatherings  during  the  past  year,  but  they 
are  pleased  to  report  that  the  benevolent  purposes  of  the  Society  have 
received  a  due  share  of  attention.  In  considering  the  objects  to  which 
assistance  should  be  given,  special  regard  has  been  had  to  the  patriotic 
funds,  particularly  those  connected  with  the  old  County  and  the  city  of 
our  adoption.  Since  the  outbreak  of  the  war  donations  have  been  made 
to  the  Bristol  Branch  of  the  Red  Cross  Society,  the  Devonshire  Patriotic 
Fund,  the  Mayoress  of  Exeter's  Fund  for  providing  refreshments  and 
comforts  to  soldiers  passing  through  that  city,  the  Prisoners  of  War  Fund, 
the  Lord  Mayor  of  Bristol's  Hospital  Sunday  Fund,  and  the  Salcombe 
Lifeboat  Disaster  Fund.  With  regard  to  the  last-named,  the  support  of 
the  Society  was  also  given  to  A,  circular  prepared  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Southwood 
(Salcombe),  Vice-President,  appealing  for  contributions  to  the  fund  for 
affording  rehef  to  the  wives  and  families  of  the  thirteen  men  who  lost 
their  lives  in  nobly  answering  the  call  of  duty.  It  is  gratifying  to  record 
that,  as  a  result  of  this  appeal,  a  cheque  for  £30  10s.  has  been  forwarded 
to  the  Chairman  of  the  Local  Relief  Committee. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  Society  was  enabled  by  means  of  contri- 
butions received  from  members,  together  with  a  sum  of  about  £■]  voted 
out  of  the  funds,  to  enterta  n  170  wounded  soldiers  at  the  Zoological 
Gardens  in  September  last.  This  occasion  was  honoured  with  the  presence 
of  the  Lord  Mayor  of  Bristol,  Dr.  Barclay  Baron,  Past  President  of  the 
Society,  who,  after  the  tea,  addressed  words  of  gratitude  and  cheer  to  the 
guests.  A  feature  with  which  the  men  were  especially  pleased  was  the 
distribution  to  each  of  a  tastefully-designed  souvenir  programme. 

In  referring  to  the  ordinary  cases  of  temporary  relief  to  Devonians  in 
distress,  it  is  pleasing  to  note  that  there  were  only  seven  apphcations  for 
assistance  during  the  year,  this  being  the  lowest  number  in  any  of  the 
twenty-five  years  that  the  Society  has  now  been  estabUshed. 

The  financial  condition  is  still  satisfactory,  though  the  funds  have  been 
somewhat  depleted  by  the  grants  already  mentioned.  The  balance  in 
hand  amounts  to  ;£52  15s.  3d.,  and  of  this  £^s  i8s.  iid.  is  appropriated 
to  the  Benevolent  Fund. 

The  Comm  ttee  deeply  regret  the  loss  by  death  of  Mr.  A.  Cridland  and 
Mr.  F.  Newcombe,  both  of  whom  were  members  of  many  years'  standing. 

There  has  been  an  appreciable  increase  in  membership  during  the  year, 
and  in  view  of  the  fraternal  objects  of  the  Society  and  the  beneficent 
purposes  of  which  it  can  be  made  the  medium,  it  is  earnestly  hoped  that  all 
will  continue  their  efforts  to  induce  other  Devonians  to  become  members. 

CARDIFF   DEVONSHIRE   SOCIETY. 
Founded   1906. 
President :    W.  T.  Svmonds,  Esq.,  J. P. 
Vice-Presidents  :     Hon.    Stephen    Coleridge  ;     Sir    Harry    T.    Eve  ; 

Rt.  Hon.  George   Lambert,  M.P.  ;    Sir  Robert  Newman,  Bart. ; 

Jas.  Radley,  Esq. 
Chairman  :    Sir  Wm.  Grossman. 
Hon.   Treasurer  :    A.  Akenhead. 
Hon.  Secretaries  :  E.  W.  Benjamin  and  John  Evans,  99,  St.  Mary  Street, 

Cardiff. 
Objects  :  To  bring  Devonians  in  Cardiff  more  closely  together,  to  foster  the 

traditio  ns  of  the  County,  and  to  raise  a  fund  to  afford  temporary  reUef 

to  necessitous  and  deserving  Devonians. 
Qualification  :   Birth  or  descent. 
Subscription  :   5s.  per  annum. 
Meetings  :    Annual  dinner. 


Affiliated  Societies  loi 


THE  ASSOCIATION  OF  WEST  COUNTRYMEN  IN  FOLKESTONE. 

Founded  1913. 

President :   W.  H.  Routly,  Esq.  (Holsworthy). 

Vice-Presidents  :   T.  Boundy,  Esq.  (Tiverton)  ;    D'Arcy  Clayton,  Esq. 

(South  Molton). 
Hon.  Treasurer  :    H.  Chapple  (Chittlehampton). 

Hon.  Secretary  :   W.  E.  Cross  (Exeter),  91,  Sandgate  Road,  Folkestone. 
Objects  :    Social  intercourse,  entertainments,  drives  and  excursions,  and 

assisting  benevolent  and  charitable  funds. 
Qualifications  :    Birth  or  descent  :    Devon,  Cornwall,  or  Somerset. 
Subscription  :    Gentlemen,  2s.  6d.  ;    I-adies,  is. 

The  year's  record  has  been  very  satisfactory  considering  the  prevailing 
war  conditions.  Several  very  successful  whist  drives  were  held  during 
the  winter  of  1915-6,  including  one  in  connection  with  the  annual  meeting, 
when  the  Association  was  shown  to  be  prosperous  both  financially  and 
numerically.  Enjoyable  excursions  have  taken  place  during  the  summer, 
notably  those  to  Mersham  (when  nearly  70  were  present)  and  to  Barham. 
Special  mention  must  be  made  of  the  visit  to  the  Canadian  convalescent 
camp  at  Monk's  Horton,  when  our  President  and  m  mbers  went  out 
laden  with  prizes  for  the  specially-organized  sports,  and  with  other  gifts 
for  the  '■  boys  "  ;  this  was  greatly  appreciated,  as  the  camp  is  too  far 
away  from  town  to  be  favoured  with  many  entertainments  of  this  kind. 
Further  activities  in  the  future  were  arranged  at  the  last  meeting, 
including  the  sending  of  Christmas  parcels  to  all  members  serving  with 
the  Colours,  to  remind  them  in  tangible  form  of  West-Country  cheer. 

LEICESTER  AND  SOUTH  MIDLANDS  DEVON  AND  CORNWALL 

ASSOCIATION. 
Founded  1900. 

President  :   E.  G.  Tardrew,  Esq. 

Vice-Presidents :  H.  Bl'rdett,  Esq.j.C.  J.  Hopkins,  Esq.;  F.  C.  Pulsford 

Esq.;  J.  TiTLEY,  sen.,  Esq. 
Hon.  Treasurer  :  W,  A.  Clarke. 
Joint  Hon.  Secretaries  :    F.  W.  Honey  and  J.  Titley,  jun.,  26,  Lower 

Hastings  Street,  Leicester. 
Objects  :   To  promote  social  intercourse  between  Devonians  and  Comish- 

men  resident  in  the  district,  and  the  study  and  cultivation  of  the 

folklore  of  the  two  counties. 
Qualification  :    Birth,   p>arentage,  or  residence  for  20  years  in  Devon  or 

Cornwall. 
Subscription  :  as.  6d.  per  annum. 
Meetings  :   Annual  dinner. 

DEVONIANS    IN    LIVERPOOL    AND    DISTRICT. 
Founded  1895. 

President :    Henry  Smith,  Esq.  (Dartmouth). 

Vice-Presidents  :  Thomas  Beer,  Esq.  (Exeter)  ;  John  Jones,  Esq. 
(Plymouth)  ;  E.  F.  Stanley,  Esq.  (Dartmouth)  ;  Capt.  A.  B.  Toms 
(Plymouth)  ;  Lieut.  T.  W.  Warren,  R.N.R.  (Plymouth)  ;  John  R. 
Watkins,  Esq.  (Plymouth). 

Hon.  Treasurer  :    Joseph  Furze  (Tavistock). 

Hon.  Secretary :   G.  A.  Brooking  (Brixham),  7,  James  Street,  Liverpool. 


102  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

Object :    Social  intercourse. 

Qualification  :    Birth,  parentage  on  either  side,  residence,  or  marriage. 
Subscription  :    2s.  6d.  per  annum. 

Meetings :  Annual  dinner,  social  gatherings,  whist  drives,  children's 
parties,  etc. 

PORTSMOUTH    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 

President :    Lieut.  H.  E.  Lidiard,  R.N.S.M. 

Vice-Presidents  :  J.  Carpenter,  Esq.  ;  W.  Dart,  Esq.  ;  J.  W.  Gieve, 
Esq.  ;    R.  K.  Niner,  Esq.  ;    P.  G.  D.  Winter,  Esq. 

Hon.  Treasurer :    E.  G.  Stephens. 

Entertainment  Secretary  :  W.  J.  Davies. 

Hon.  Secretary  :  W.  G.  Collins,  35,  Lyndhurst  Road,  North  End,  Ports- 
mouth. 

Objects  :  To  bring  together  Devonians  residing  in  Portsmouth  and  district, 
to  form  a  common  county  bond  of  friendship,  and  to  assist  as  far 
as  possible  those  in  need. 

Qualifications  :    Birth,  parentage,  ten  years'  residence,  or  marriage. 

Meetings  :   Annual  Dinner,  whist  drives,  dances,  concerts,  outings,  excur- 
sions,  etc. 
The  President's  Chain  of  Office,  bearing  the  arms  of  Devon  and  Ports- 
mouth, the  nucleus  of  which  was  the  gift  of  J.  Carpenter,  Esq.  (Tiverton), 

has  a  link  added  to  it  by  the  President  of  each  year,  bearing  his  name. 

READING  AND  DISTRICT  DEVON  AND  CORNISH  ASSOCIATION. 

Founded  1895. 

President :   Rev.  G.  F.  Coleridge.  R.D.,  M.A. 

Vice-Presidents  :    E.    Bowden,    Esq.  ;    J.  Bucknell,  Esq.  ;    H.  Chown, 

Esq.;   J.   Ellis,  Esq.;   Rev.  Canon  W.  W.  Fowler,  M.A.,  D.Sc. ; 

R.  Hall,  Esq.;  J.  Harris,  Esq.;  J.  Morse,  Esq.;  G.  E.  B.  Rogers. 

Esq. ;  J.  H.  Rowe,  Esq. ;  H.  O.  Serpell,  Esq. ;  G.  Shorland,  Esq. ; 

P.  W.  Teague,  Esq. ;  W.  J.  Toye,  Esq.,  M.A. ;  and  Dr.  J.  Hopkins 

Walters. 
Chairman  of  Committee  :   Rev.  Canon  W.  W.  Fowler,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 
Hon.  Treasurer  :   Councillor  A.  I.  Maker. 
Hon.  Auditor  :  T.  R.  Kittow. 
Hon.   Secretaries  :    Clement  Tregay,   17,  Donnington  Road,   Reading  ; 

F.  H.  Yellen,  47,  Market  Place,  Reading. 
Objects  :   To  maintain  the  interest  of  members  in  the  old  Counties  ;    to 

foster    the    wholesome    clannish    characteristics    of    Devonians    and 

Cornishmen  ;   and  to  encourage  friendly  intercourse  among  members. 
Qualification  :    Birth  or  descent. 
Subscription  :    is.  per  annum  (minimum). 
Meetings :    Annual  dinner,   annual   river  trip,    social   gatherings,    whist 

drives,  dances,  etc. 

SWANSEA    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 
Founded  1894. 
President :   T.  R.  de  Gay,  Esq. 

Vice-Presidents  :  S.  Daniel,  Esq. ;  J.  Dyer.  Esq. ;  W.  A.  Ford,  Esq. ; 
J.  B.  Gill.  Esq. ;  T.  W.  Hews,  Esq. ;  W.  R.  Jefford,  Esq. ;  C.  H. 
Newcombe,  Esq. ;  C.  T.  Passmore,  Esq. ;  H.  Salter,  Esq. 


Affiliated  Societies  103 


Chairman  :    H.  Salter,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretaries  :   S.  T.  Drew  and  F.  Lane. 

Objects  :  To  promote  fraternal  feelings,  social  intercourse  and  entertain- 
ment ;  to  purchase  books  on  the  history  of  Devon,  and  to  render 
assistance  in  case  of  need. 

Qualification  :    Birth  or  descent. 

Subscription  :    is.  per  annum. 

Meetings  :  Social  gatherings  at  intervals,  summer  excursion  in  August, 
annual  dinner  in  November. 


DEVONIAN  SOCIETY  IN  CALCUTTA. 
Founded  1901. 
President :    ].  Cottle,  Esq. 
Vice-President :    Dr.  H.  I  edler. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :   R.  P.  Adams.  3,  Lee  Road,  Calcutta. 
Objects  :  To  promote  a  common  County  bond  of  friendship,  and  to  render 

aid  to  Devonians  in  India. 
Qualification  :   Birth  or  long  residence. 
Subscription  :   Rs.  12  per  annum. 
Meetings :    Annual  dinner  and  ball,  generally  in  January. 


THE    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY    OF    RHODESIA. 

Pairons  :  Sir  Lewis  Michell,  C.V.O.  ;   R.  T.  Coryndon,  E^q.,  C.M.G. 

President :   Dr.  J.  Dyke  Acland. 

Vice-Presidents  :  E.  Basch,  Esq.  ;  W.  Bridgman,  Esq. ;  J.  W.  Maynb, 
Esq.  ;   V.  A.  New,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  C.  F.  Osmond,  P.O.  Box  165,  Bulawayo, 
Rhodesia. 

Objects  :  To  encourage  and  promote  social  intercourse  and  good  fellow- 
ship ;  to  advance  the  interests  of  Devonians  in  Rhodesia,  and  to 
co-operate  with  kindred  socictie*;   and  to  help  Devonians  in  distress. 

Qualification  :    Birth,  parentage,  or  seven  years'  residence. 

Subscription  :    los.  6d.  per  annum,  or  5  guineas  for  life  membership. 


THE    MONTREAL    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 
Founded  1914. 

President :  Prof.  Charles  E.  Moyse  (Torquay),  B.A.,  LL.D.,  Vice- 
Principal  and  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts,  McGill  University. 

Vice-Presidents  :  W.  H.  Blackaller,  Esq.  (Crediton)  ;  F.  H.  Devenish, 
Esq.  (Exeter)  ;  Lieut.-Col.  L.  Edye  (Hathefleigh)  ;  W.  Hubber, 
Esq.  (Crediton)  ;  W.  Livermore,  Esq.  (Woodbury)  ;  C.  W.  Parkin, 
Esq.  (Barnstaple)  ;    E.  W.  T.  Raddon,  Esq.  (Exmouth). 

Treasurer :    Geo.  Harrison  (Torquay). 

Assistant  Secretary  :   Greville  C.  Hems  (Exeter). 

Auditors  :    R.  Pickford  (Plymouth)  ;    H.  S.  T.  Piper  (Plymouth). 

Committee  :  J.  J.  Benning  (Barnstaple)  ;  W.  Lock  (Woodbury)  ;  Jas. 
Mock  (Ufracombe)  ;  R.  Pickford  (Plymouth)  ;  Geo.  Pillage 
(Torquay)  ;    H.  C.  Stuart  (Devonport). 

Secretary :  Geo.  H.  Warren  (Torquay),  37a,  Troy  Avenue,  Verdun, 
Montreal. 


104  ^'^^  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

Objects  :  To  renew  old  acquaintances,  to  fonn  new  ones,  and  with  those 
who  hold  a  common  interest  and  are  bound  by  mutual  ties;  to  per- 
petuate the  traditions,  literature,  folklore,  etc.,  of  Devon  ;  to  foster 
the  study  of  these  locally ;  and  to  promote  the  spirit  of  fraternity  among 
our  fellow-countrymen  in  Canada  as  it  exists  among  them  at  home. 

Qualifications  :  Natives  of  Devon,  their  immediate  descendants,  or  (subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  Committee)  former  residents  in  Devon. 

Subscription  :    One  dollar. 

Meetings  :  The  First  Wednesday  in  each  month,  at  St.  George's  Hall, 
5,  Mansfield  St. 

DEVONIAN    SOCIETY    OF    OTTAWA. 

Founded  1912. 

President  :    Lieut. -Col.  S.  Maynard  Rogers. 

Vice-Presidents  :  Commander  P.  C.  W.  Howe,  R.N.  ;  Hon.  W.  H.  Hoyle, 

M.P. ;  Hon.  F.  D.  Monk,  M.P.  ;  Rev.  G.  P.  Woollcombe. 
Chairman  :    W.  E.  Hooper,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  A.  J.  Mudge,  505,  Cooper  St.,  Ottawa,  Ont. 
Objects  :   To  promote  a  spirit  of  fraternity  amongst  Devonians  in  Ottawa 

and  district,  by  means  of  social  intercourse ;    to  foster  a  continued 

love  of  the  County  ;    and  to  advance  and  protect  the  interests  of 

Devonians  generally. 
Qualification  :    Birth,  descent,  marriage. 
Subscription  :    One  dollar  per  annum. 
Meetings  :    The  third  Monday  in  each  month  at  Moreland  Hall,  Comer 

Fourth  Avenue  and  Bank  Street. 

THE    TORONTO    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 
Founded  1907. 

President :    C.  Lee  Hutchings,  Esq. 

Vice-President :    J.  H.  Hayden,  Esq. 

Hon.  Treasurer :    W.  White. 

Assistant  Secretary  :    F.  M'Lean. 

Hon.  Secretary  :   W.  Skelton,  ioi,  Leslie  Street,  Toronto,  E. 

Objects  :  To  renew  old  acquaintances  and  to  form  new  ones  with  those  who 
hold  a  common  interest ;  to  foster  a  knowledge  of  the  traditions, 
literature,  folklore,  etc.,  of  Devonshire  ;  and  to  promote  the  spirit 
of  fraternity  among  Devonians  in  Canada. 

Qualification  :    Birth  or  descent. 

Subscription  :    One  dollar  per  annum. 

Meetings  :  The  second  and  fourth  Thursdays  of  each  month,  in  the  Sons 
of  England  Hall,  Richmond  Street  East,  the  meetings  to  be  alter- 
nately of  a  business  and  social  character. 

DEVON,  CORNWALL,  AND  SOMERSET  SOCIETY  OF  MANITOBA. 

Founded  1907. 
Hon.  President :    J.  Hooper,  Esq. 
President :    W.  A.  Dyer,  Esq. 
President  Ladies'  Auxiliary  :    Mrs.  Pile. 
Vice-Presidents  :   W.  J.  Vicary,  Esq.  (Devon)  ;    F.  J.  Buckingham,  Esq. 

(Cornwall)  ;    H.  G.  Palmer,  Esq.  (Somerset). 
Treasurer :    A.  H.  Daw. 


Affiliated  Societies  105 


Hon.  Secretary  :   F.  C.  Stone,  386,  Kennedy  Street,  Winnipeg,  Manitoba. 

Objects  :  To  renew  old  acquaintances,  to  form  new  ones  with  those  who 
hold  a  common  interest  and  are  bound  by  mutual  ties  ;  to  perpetuate 
the  traditions,  literature,  folklore,  etc.,  of  Devon ;  to  foster  the  study 
of  these  locally  and  of  the  County  at  large ;  and  to  promote  the  spirit 
of  fraternity  amongst  our  fellow-countrymen  abroad  as  it  exists 
among  them  at  home. 

Qualifications  :  Devonian  men  and  women,  and  others  connected  with 
the  County. 

Subscription  :    One  dollar  for  men  ;    ladies  exempt. 

Meetings  :   Monthly,  time  and  place  fixed  by  Committee. 


VICTORIA    DEVONIANS,    B.C. 
Founded  1912. 

President  :   Hon  Edgar  Dewdney. 

Chairmav  :   Henry  Martyn,  Esq.  (Devonport). 

Vice-Chairmen  :  Alan  Dumbleton,  Esq. ;  Joseph  H.  List,  Esq.  (Barn- 
staple). 

Recorder  :   H.  Pxke  (Torquay). 

Hon.  Auditor :  W.  Curtis  Sampson  (South  Molton). 

Joint  Hon.  Secretaries  and  Treasurers  :  Fred.  J.  Henson  (Tiverton), 
S.  Henson  (Tiverton),  Box  1208,  Victoria,  B.C. 

Objects  :  (i)  To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  Devonians  residing 
in  Victoria  and  district,  by  means  of  meetings  and  special  re-unions, 
and  by  keeping  in  communication  with  Devonians  at  home  and 
elsewhere.  (2)  To  foster  a  knowledge  of  the  history,  folklore,  litera- 
ture, music,  arts  and  antiquities  of  the  county  of  Devon.  (3)  To 
carry  out  from  time  to  time  approved  schemes  for  the  benefit  of 
Devonians  residing  at  home  and  in  Victoria  and  district. 

Qualifications  :  Birth,  descent,  marriage,  or  residence  of  more  than  five 
years  in  Devon. 

NEW    ZEALAND    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 

Founded  1912. 

President :  W.  U.  Timewell,  Esq. 

Vice-Presidents  :  Miss  Heath  ;    D.  Teed,  Esq, 

Chairman  :   B.  Reeves,  Esq. 

Committee  :    Mrs.  Brendon,  Mrs.  Tozer,  Messrs.  Brendon,  Cranch, 

W.  W.  Gliddon-Richardson,  and  Tozer. 
Hon.  Treasurer  :   C.  Newland. 
Hon.  Secretary  (pro  tem;)  :   Robt.  Tozer,  "Moirville,"  Wynyard  Street. 

Auckland,  N.Z. 


io6  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 7 

Devonian  Societies  not  Affiliated. 

{With  Names  and  Addresses  of  Secretaries.) 

(A)  At  Home. 

Bath  and  District  Devonian  Society. — A.  T.  Harris. 

Bexhill  and  District  West-Country  Association. — F.  B.  Temple, 
Bexhill. 

Birmingham  and  Midland  Devonian  Society. — T.  W.  Hussey,  21 
First  Avenue,  Selly  Park,  Birmingham. 

Bournemouth  and  District  West-Country  Association. — E.  S. 
Rosevear,    100,   Alma   Road,   Bournemouth. 

West-Country  Association,  Eastbourne. — W.  Percy  Glanfield  and 
E.  Akery,  Albemarle  Hotel,  Eastbourne. 

The  Association  of  West-Countrymen  in  Hampshire. — F.  A.  Grant, 
37,  Padwell  Road,  The  Avenue,  Southampton. 

Hull  Devonian  Society. — F.  C.  Wood,  Spring  Bank,  Hull. 

Devonian  Society  in  Manchester  and  District. — J.  A.  Bustard, 
4,  Mauldeth  Road,  Withington,  Manchester. 

Devon  and  Cornwall  Society,  Newport  (Mon.)  and  District. — 
J.  Cowling,  3,  Annesley  Road,  Maindec,  Newport  (Mon.). 

Northamptonshire  West-Country  Association. — W.  ChafEe,  North- 
ampton. 

Reigate  and  Redhill  and  District  Devon  and  Cornwall  Associa- 
tion.— Henry   Libby,    "  Cromer,"    Ringwood    Avenue,    Redhill. 

Rochester,  Chatham,  Gillingham,  and  District  Devon  and  Corn- 
wall Association. — W.  J.  Manicom. 

Devon,  Cornwall,  and  West-Country  Association  for  the  County 
OF  Surrey. — W.  J.  Davis,  Lulworth,  Guildford. 

Society  of  West-Countrymen  in  West  Kent  (Tunbridge  Wells, 
Tonbridge  and  District). — O.  B.  Geake,  48,  Dudley  Road,  Tunbridge 
Wells. 

Devonians  in  Weston-super-Mare. — T.  J.  Kerslake,  Alexandra  Parade, 
Weston-super-Mare. 

Weymouth  and  District  Devonian  Society, — Mr.  Billingsly,  Wey- 
mouth. 

Devonians  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. — W.  Ormsby  Rymer,  33a,  Holyrood 
Street,  Newport,  I.W. 

Devonians  and  Cornishmen  in  Worcestershire. — W.  J.  Pearce  and 
C.  D.  Willis,  Berroiv's  Worcester  Journal  Office,  Worcester. 

(B)  Abroad. 

West  of  England  Association  of  Cape  Town. — A.  F.  Steer,  P.O.  Box 

1 169,  Cape  Town. 
Cornwall  and  Devon  Association  of  Durban  and  District. — W.  H. 

Trevaskis,  263,  Clark  Road,  Durban. 
West  of  England  Association  in  Edmonton,  Alberta. — E.  G.  Rendell, 

236,  Jasper  Avenue,  W.,  Edmonton,  Alberta,  Canada. 
Hong-Kong  Devonian  Society. — P.  Jacks,  Hong-Kong. 
Cornwall  and   Devon  Association  of  New  South   Wales. — James 

Jenkin,  St.  Day,  Wilberforce  Avenue,  Rose  Bay,  Sydney,  N.S.W. 


Rules  of  the  London  Devonian  Association  107 


Rules  of   the  London  Devonian 
Association. 

1.  Name. — The  name  of  the  Society  shall  be  "  The  London 

Devonian  Association." 

2.  Objects. — The  objects  of  the  Society  shall  be  : — 

(a)  To  encourage  the  spirit  ot  local  patriotism — "  that 
righteous  and  God-given  feeling  which  is  the  root  of 
all  true  patriotism,  valour,  civilization " — the  spirit 
that  animated  the  great  Devonian  heroes  who  defeated 
the  Spanish  Armada  and  laid  the  foundations  of  the 
British  Empire. 

(6)  To  form  a  central  organization  in  London  to  promote 
Devonian  interests,  and  to  keep  Devonians  throughout 
the  world  in  communication  with  their  fellows  at 
home  and  abroad. 

(c)  To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  De- 
vonians residing  in  London  and  district,  by  means  of 
meetings  and  social  re-unions. 

{d)  To  foster  a  knowledge  of  the  History,  Folklore, 
Literature,  Music,  Art,  and  Antiquities  of  the  County, 

{e)  To  carry  out  from  time  to  time  approved  schemes 
for  the  benefit  of  Devonians  residing  in  London  or 
elsewhere. 

3.  Constitution. — The  Society  shall  consist  of  Life  and  Ordinary 

Members  and  Associates.* 

4.  Qualification. — Any  person    residing   in  London  or  district 

who  is  connected  with  the  County  of  Devon  by  birth, 
descent,  marriage,  or  former  residence,  shall  be  eligible 
for  membership,  but  such  person  shall  be  nominated  by  a 
Member  and  the  nomination  submitted  to  the  Committee, 
who  shall  at  their  first  Meeting  after  receipt  of  the  nomina- 
tion by  the  Hon.  Secretary,  decide  by  vote  as  to  the  accept- 
ance or  otherwise  of  the  nomination. 

5.  Subscription. — ^The  annual  subscription  to  the  Society  shall 

be  5/-  for  gentlemen,  and  2/6  for  ladies  and  those  under 
21  years  of  age.     Members  of  other  recognized  Devonian 

*  All  Dsvonlani  (whether  by  birth,  descent,  marriage,  or  residence)  not  at  present 
residing  In  London  or  district  are  eligible  as  Associates.  The  subscription  is  ?  6  per 
annum,  or  two  guineas  for  life,  and  each  Associate  receives  a  copy  of  the  Year  Book. 


io8  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  igiy 


Associations  in  Lx)ndon  shall  be  admitted  as  Members  on 
the  nomination  of  their  representatives  on  the  Committee 
at  an  annual  subscription  of  2/6.  The  subscription  for 
Life  Membership  shall  be  two  guineas  for  gentlemen  and 
one  guinea  for  ladies.  Subscriptions  will  be  payable  on 
election  and  each  subsequent  30th  September.  The 
name  of  any  Member  whose  subscription  is  in  arrear  for 
six  months  may  be  removed  from  the  list  of  Members  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Committee. 

6.  Officers. — The  Officers  of  the  Society  shall  be  a  President, 

Chairman,  Hon.  Secretary,  Hon.  Subscription  Secretary, 
and  Hon.  Treasurer,  all  of  whom  shall  be  elected  at  the 
Annual  Meeting. 

7.  Management. — The   management   of   the   Society   shall   be 

vested  in  a  Committee,  consisting  of  the  President,  Chair- 
man, Hon,  Secretary,  Hon.  Assistant  Secretary,  Hon. 
Treasurer,  and  fifteen  other  Members,  and  a  representative 
elected  by  each  of  the  other  Devonian  Associations  in 
London,  such  representatives  to  be  Members  of  the  Society. 

8.  Meetings  of  Committee. — The  Committee  shall  meet  at  least 

once  a  quarter.     Seven  to  form  a  quorum. 

9.  Chairman    of   Committee. — The    Committee   at   their   first 

Meeting  after  the  Annual  Meeting  shall  elect  a  Chairman 
and  a  Deputy-Chairman  from  Members  of  the  Association. 

10.  Power  of  Committee. — ^The  Committee  shall  be  empowered 
to  decide  all  matters  not  dealt  with  in  these  rules,  subject 
to  an  appeal  to  a  General  Meeting. 

11.  Auditors. — Two  Members,  who  are  not  Members  of  the 
Committee,  shall  be  elected  at  each  Annual  Meeting  to 
audit  the  Accounts  of  the  Society. 

12.  Annual  General  Meeting. — The  Annual  General  Meeting 
shall  be  held  in  the  month  of  October,  when  all  Officers, 
five  Members  of  the  Committee,  and  Auditors  shall  retire, 
but  be  ehgible  for  re-election.  The  business  of  the  Annual 
General  Meeting  shall  be  the  election  of  Officers,  five 
Committee  men,  and  two  Auditors ;  presentation  of 
Annual  Report  and  Balance  Sheet  for  the  year  ending 
30th  September  ;  and  any  other  business,  due  notice  of 
which  has  been  given  to  the  Hon.  Secretary,  according  to 
the  Rules. 


Rules  of  the  London  Devonian  Association  109 

13.  Special  General  Meeting. — A  Special  General  Meeting  shall 
be  summoned  by  the  Hon.  Secretary  within  fourteen 
days  by  a  resolution  of  the  Committee,  or  within  twenty- 
one  days  of  the  receipt  of  a  requisition  signed  by  30  Mem- 
bers of  the  Society,  such  requisition  to  state  definitely  the 
business  to  be  considered. 

14.  Notice  of  Meeting. — Seven  days'  notice  shall  be  given  of  all 
General  Meetings  of  the  Society,  the  date  of  postmark  to 
be  taken  as  the  date  of  circular. 

15.  Alteration  of  Rules. — No  alteration  or  addition  to  these 
Rules  shall  be  made  except  at  the  Annual  Meeting  (when 
due  notice  of  such  alteration  or  addition  must  have  been 
sent  to  the  Hon.  Secretary  on  or  before  23rd  September) 
or  at  a  Special  General  Meeting.  A  copy  of  the  profX)sed 
alteration  or  addition  shall  be  sent  to  Members  with  notice 
of  Meeting. 

The  Association  is  affiliated  to  the  Conference  of  English 
County  Societies  in  London,  whose  headquarters  are  at  Cannon- 
Street  Hotel,  E.C. 

Oak  shields,  with  the  arms  of  the  Association  painted  in  proper 
colours,  may  be  obtained  from  Messrs.  Southwoods,  96,  Regent 
Street,  W.     Price,  with  motto,  6s.,  without  motto,  4s.  6d. 

Badges,  with  the  arms  in  enamel  and  gilt,  price  4s.  3d.,  or 
brooches,  price  3s.  3d.,  may  be  obtained  from  Mr.  W.  J.  Carroll, 
33,  Walbrook,  E.C.     Gold  brooches,  price  25s. 

A  few  copies  of  the  Devonian  Year  Books  for  1910,  1911, 
1912,  1913,  1914,  1915,  and  1916,  remain  in  stock.  Price  2s.  6d., 
by  post  2s.  lOd.  Application  should  be  made  to  Mr.  Francis 
A.  Perry,  4,  Kirchen  RoaJ,  West  Ealing,  W. 


> 


110  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  igiy 


List   of    Members   and   Associates. 

An  asterisk  (*)  indicates  Life  Member. 
A  double  dagger  (J)  indicates  Associate. 

♦Abell,  Prof.  T.  B.  (Exmouth),  M.I.N.A.,    Ashleigh,  Greenbank    Drive, 

Liverpool. 
♦Abell,    Prof.    Westcott     Stile    (Exmouth),    M.I.N.A.,    ii.    Wedderburn 

Road,  Hampstead,  N.W.     Committee. 
Acland,   Captain   J.   W.    (Columb-John),  25,  Colville  Square,  W. 
Acland,  Theodore  Dyke  (Columb-John),  M.D.,  19,  Bryanston  Square,  W. 

Vice-President. 
Adams,  A.  A.  (Werrington),  F.C.A.,  Frankfield,  Stanhope  Road,  Homsey 
Lane,  N. 
JAdams,  Maxwell  (Wolborough),  13,  South  Parade,  Southsea. 
JAdams,  R.  A.  (Bideford),  Chingswell  Street,  Bideford. 
f  Adams,  R.  P.  {Calcutta  Soc). 

JAdams,  —  (Plymouth),  3,  George  Lane,  Folkestone.      {Folkestone  Assoc.) 
^Alexander,  J.  J.,  M.A.,  J. P.,  The  Grammar  School,  Tavistock,  S.  Devon. 
JAmery,  J.  S.  (Ashburton),  "  Druid,"  Ashburton,  Devon. 
Andrews,  Mrs.  (Tiverton,)  855,  Fulham  Road,  S.W. 

Andrews,  Mrs.  Lilian  (Plymouth),  3,  Old  Cavendish  Street,  Cavendish 
Square,  W. 
JAnning,  W.  (Starcross),  J. P.,  Hatherleigh,  Maindee,  Newport,  Hon. 
jAshton,  S.  H.  (Beaford),  Blaney,  King  William's  Town,  South  Africa, 
Astor,  Major  the  Hon.  Waldorf  (Plymouth),  M. P.,  Chveden,  Taplow.    Vice- 
President. 

Bailey,  E.  E.  (Lynton),  29,  Elmfield  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  S.W. 

Bailey,  Mrs.  (Lynton),  29,  Elmfield  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  S.W. 

Baily,  J.  (Teignmouth),  144,  Harborough   Road,  Streatham,  S.W. 

Baker,  Richard  (Filleigh),  Coventry  Restaurant,  Rupert  Street,  W. 

Barnes,  Lieut.  R.  Stewart  (Yealmpton),  45,  Finsbury  Square,  E.C.     Hon. 
Assistant  Secretary. 

Barnes,  Mrs.  (Brixham),  9,  Russell  Road,  Crouch  End,  N. 

Bastin,  T.  W.  (Paignton),  Messrs.  Bastin,  Merrvfield,  and  Cracknell,  Great 
Castle  Street.  W. 
JBates,  J.  H.  {Calcutta  Soc). 

Battishill,  Miss  Marion  (Plymouth),  14,  Holmewood  Road,  S.  Norwood, 
S.E. 
*Beare,  J.  H.  (Holbeton),  88,  Sistova  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 

Beare,  Mrs.  (Holbeton),  88,  Sistova  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 

Beer,    Miss    D.   Vernon    (Bideford),    67,    Lanercost    Road,    Tulse   Hill, 
S.W. 

Bell,  Miss  Annie  (Kingsbridge),  58,  Humber  Road,  Blackheath,  S.E. 

Bell,  Morrison-.  See  Morrison-Bell. 

Belsey,  Herbert  H.  (Barnstaple),  32,  South  Eaton  Place,  S.W. 

Benn,  A.  Shirley  (Plymouth),  M.P.,   18,  Bolton  Gardens,   S.W.      Vice- 
President. 

Bennetc,  Samuel  (Devonport),  6,  Hemington  Avenue,  Friem  Bamet,  N. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  in 


Besley,  Canon  W.  P.  (Barnstaple).  M.A.,  9,  Amen  Court,  St.  Paul's.  E.C. 

Vice-President. 
Bickerton,  E.  H.  (Stonchouse).  7,  Bushey  Hill  Road,  Camberwell,  S.E. 
Bidgood,  G.   S.    (Tiverton),   8,   Homsey  Lane    Gardens,   Highgate,  N. 
Bidgood,  Mrs.,  8.  Homsey  Lane  Gardens.  Highgate.  N. 
Bidgood,  R.  (Tiverton),  20,  Beaconsfield  Road,  New  Soulhgate,  N. 
Bird,  Wm..  (Shaldon),  58,  Devonshire  Road,  Harrow. 
IMackmorc,  R,  10  Lancaster  Gardens,  West  Eahng,  W. 
Blackmorc,  W.  (Uffculme),  129,  Queen's  Road,  Wimbledon,  S.W. 
Bond,  Mrs.  Douglas  (Tavistock),  22,  Surrey  Street,  Victoria  Embank- 
ment, W.C. 
*Bourne,  C.  W.  (Ilfracombe),  19,  Fairlawn  Road,  Wimbledon,  S.W. 
Bowden.  A.  T.  (North  Tawton),  76,  Newgate  Street,  E.C. 
Bowen,  Stanley  J.  (Bideford),  10,  St.  Paul's  Avenue,  Cricklewood,  N.W. 
Committee. 
JBoyce,   Archdeacon    (Tiverton),  St.   Paul's   Rectory,  Cleveland    Street, 

"Sydney,  N.S.W. 
Bragg.  S.  (Exeter),  8,  Atherstone  Terrace,  Gloucester  Road,  S.W. 
*Brendon,  —  (Broadwood).  Brighton  Road.  Remuera,  Auckland.      {New 

Zealand  Assoc). 
Bridgeman,  G.  E.  (Ugborough),  8.  Lavender  Sweep,  Clapham  Common, 

S.W. 
Bridgeman,  S.  J.  S.  (Ugborough).  8,  Lavender  Sweep.  Clapham  Common, 

S.W. 
Brimicombe,  M.  H.  (Totnes),  22,  Norfolk  Street,  Dalston,  N.E. 
Brodie,  C.  H.  (Exeter),  F.R.I. B.A.,  77,  Park  Lane,  Croydon. 
Bromfield,  T.  (Exeter  Club).  31,  Ashbumham  Grove,  Greenwich. 
Bromham,  Addison  J.  (Barnstaple),  Westward  Ho,  Wimbledon  Common. 
♦Brooks,  C.  (Plymouth),  2,  The  Grange,  Maitland  Park,  N.W. 
Brown,  A.  S.   (Sidbury),  61,  Hubert    Grove,    Landor  Road,  Stockwell, 

S.E. 
Brown,  Miss  E.  M.  (descent),  i,  Loraine  Place,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 
Brown,  Mrs.  A.  S.  (Sidbury),  61,  Hubert  Grove,  Landor  Road,  Stockwell. 

S.E. 
J  Brown,  Henry  T.  S.  (Plymouth),  tj,  Newton  Street,  Ottawa,  Canada. 

(Ottawa  Soc). 
J  Browning.   Walter,   Buyford,   Morchard   Bishop,   North  Devon. 
JBryant,  E.  D.  (descent),  8,  Florence  Street,  Ottawa,  Canada.  {Ottawa  Soc.) 
Bryant,  Mrs.  E.  M.  (Torquay),  31,  Palace  Road,  Crouch  End,  N. 
Bryant,  H.  W.  (Devonport),  31,  Palace  Road,  Crouch  End,  N. 
Bryant,  S.  W.  (Plymouth),  174.  Grove  Road.  Clapham  Park.  S.W. 
^Buckingham.  F.  J.,  709,  Elhce  Avenue,  Winnipeg.       (Manitoba  Soc.) 
♦Burlace,  J.  B.  (Brixham).  F.R.G.S.,  F.Z.S.,  38.  Corfton  Road.  Ealing,  W. 

Vice-President  ;    Committee. 
•Bum.  Colonel  C.  R.  (Torquay).  M.P..  A.D.C..  48,  Cadogan  Place,  W. 
Burrows,  B.  (Honiton),  67,  Peterborough  Road,  Fulham,  S.W. 
Burton.  E.  Cave-  (Exeter),  46,  Kenilworth  Road,  Penge,  S.E. 
^Burton.   H.   (Newton  Ablsot).    144,   Oxford   Road.    Reading.     (Reading 
Assoc). 
Buse,  A.  G.  (Shebbear),  16.  Stamford  Street.  S.E. 

JButland,  W.  (Dittisham),  101,  Clive  Road,  Fratton,  Portsmouth.    (Ports- 
mouth Soc). 
Byme,   K.  J.  J.  (Kingsteignton),    "  The  Elms,"  Orange  Hill,  Edgware. 

Middlesex. 
Campbell,  R.  J.  P.  (Exeter),  15,  St.  Margaret  s  Road.  Plumstead. 
Cann.  C.   E.  (Barnstaple).  Holt  House,  iiast  End  Road.  Church   End, 
Finchley,  N 


112  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

Cann,  G.  H.  (Northam),  35,  Grosvenor  Avenue,  East  Sheen 

Cann,  Mrs.  F.  H.  (Northam),  35,  Grosvenor  Avenue,  East  Sheen. 

Cann,   J.  O.  (Brixham),   i84,"Euston  Road,  N.W. 

Carnell,    John    (Ottery  St.   Mary),   83,    Phillimore   Mews,   High   Street, 

Kensington. 
Carroll,  C.  (Torquay),  48,  Manor  Road,  Stoke  Newington,  N. 
♦Carter,    G.    E.    L.    (Exmouth),    B.A.,    I.C.S.,    Municipal   Commissioner, 

Hyderabad,  Sind,  India. 
JCarter,  Miss  Ellen  G.  (Hartland),  Hartland,  North  Devon. 
Carter,  Mrs.  Li  ian  (Exeter),  86,  St.  James's  Road,  Barnsbury,  N. 
Caunter,  L.  G.  (Exeter),  Eversholt  Lodge,  New  Barnet. 
JCawley,  R.  (Sidmouth),  17,  Manor  Road,  Folkestone. 
Champion,  Norman  W.  (Shaldon),  8,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill, 

S.W.     Committee. 
Champion,  W.  (Shaldon),  8,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill.  S.W. 
JChanter,   Rev.    J.   F.,   M.A.,   F.S.A.    (Barnstaple),   Marlands,   Exmouth, 

Devon. 
JChapman,  J.  (Plymouth),  8,  New  Street,  Boston. 

JChapple,  W.  E.  Pitfield  (Axminster),  The  Shrubbery,  Axminster,  Devon. 
JChapple,  H.  (Chittlehampton),  90,  Sandgate  Road,  Folkestone.     {Folke- 
stone Assoc.) 
JCharlewood,  W.  T.  (Bideford),  Springfield,  Bideford. 
Chettleburgh,  Maurice  (Plympton),  29,  Napier  Avenue,  Hurlingham,  S.W. 
Chettleburgh,  Mrs.   (Plympton),  29,  Napier  Avenue,  Hurlingham,  S.W. 
JChope,  H.  F.  (Hartland),  12,  Whiteley  Wood  Road,  Ranmoor,  Sheffield. 
JChope,  Mrs.  M.  H.  (Hartland),  41,  View  Terrace,  Aberdeen. 
^Chope,    R.    Pearse    (Hartland),    B.A.,    Patent   Office,  25,  Southampton 

13uildings,  W.C.     Deputy-Chairman. 
JChope,  S.  R.   (Bideford),  Beverley,  Bideford. 
JChope,  W.  H.  (Bideford),  13,  High  Street,  Bideford. 
JChubb,  R.  W.   (Calcutta  Soc). 
Churchward,  Miss  Doris  (Torquay),  409,  Oxford  Street,  W. 
JChurchward,  E.  T.  (Torquay),  2,  Elgin  Terrace,  Torquay. 
Churchward,  Miss  M.  (Torquay),  409,  Oxford  Street,  W. 
Churston,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord   (Brixham),  C.V.O.,  Lupton,  Brixham.      Vice- 
President. 
Clark,  W.  H.  D.  (Plymouth),  Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  BuUdiiigs, 

W.C. 
Clarke,  E.  (Exeter  Club),  14,  Claude  Road,  Upton  Park,  E. 
Clarke,  H.  L.  (Torrington),  London  &  South- Western  Bank,  Wanstead, 

Essex. 
Clarke,  John  (Honiton),  45,  Marloes  Road,  Kensington,  W. 
Clarke,  Miss  E.  E.  (descent),  41,  Church  Road,  Bnxton,  S.W. 
Clarke,  T.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  41,  Church  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 
^Clayton,   D'Arcy    (Southmolton),    3,   Beachborough   Villas,  Folkestone. 

(Folkestone  Assoc.) 
Clifiord,  Colonel  E.  T.  (Exeter),  VD,  6,  Cranley  Gardens,  S.W.    Vice- 
President;    Chairman  of  Association. 
Coad,  R.  Lawson  (Ilfracombe),  27  and  28,  Old  Jewry,  E.C. 
JCoates,  Lieut. -Col.  Herbert  (vVest  Town),  VD,  7,  St.  Stephen's  Avenue, 

Bristol.     (Bristol  Soc). 
Cole,  N.  (Salcombe),  45,  Allerton  Road,  Lordship  Park,  Stoke  Newing- 
ton, N. 
Cole,  Mrs.    N.    (Salcombe),  45,  Allerton    Road,  Lordship  Park,    Stoke 

Newington,  N. 
Cole,  S.  J.  (Hartland),  M.R.C.S.,  Hampden  Residential  Club.  Phoenix 
Street,  N.W. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  IZ3 

JColeridgc,  Rev.  G.  F.  (Cadbury),  M.A.,  R.D.,  The  Vicarage,  Crowthorne. 

Berks.     {Reading  Assoc.). 
•Coles,    John     (Tiverton),      J.P.,     4,    Kensington     Park     Gardens,     \V. 

Vice-President. 
Coles.  W.  Crosbie  (Bideford),  23.  Esmond  Gardens,  Bedford  Park.  W. 
CoUings,  J.  A.  (Plymouth),  273.  Uxbridge  Road,  W. 
JCoUins,  W.  G.  (Devonport),  82,  London  Avenue,  North  End,  Portsmouth 

(Portsmouth  Soc.) 
Colwill,  C.  (North  Petherwin),  Pentire,  Coombe  Koad,  Croydon. 
Commin,  E.  G.  (Exeter),  94,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Commin,  Mrs.  E.  G.  (Exeter),  94,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Commin,  F.  J.  (Exeter),  96,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Commin,  Mrs.  F.  J.  (Exeter),  90,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Commin,  Miss  A.  L.  (Exeter),  96,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Commin,  Miss  M.  O.  (Exeter),  96,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W, 
Cx>mmin,  R.  G.  (Exeter),  96,  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  S.W. 
Congdon.  A.  R.  (Hartland)    187a  Brompton  Road,  S.W. 
Coombes,  C.  S.  (Devonport),  Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  Buildings, 

W.C. 
Copp,  A.  E.  G.  (Barnstaple),  31,  South  Park  Road,  Wimbledon,  S.W. 
Cork,  F.  (Appledore).  18,  Wood  Street.  E.G. 
Cornish,  J.  F.  (Tiverton),  42.  Sevmour  Street,  Euston,  N.W. 
Cornwall.  Sir  Edwin  A.  (Lapford),  M.P.,  L.C.C.,  3,  Whitehall  Court,  S.W. 
Vice-President. 
♦Cory,   Sir   Clifford    J.,   Bart.    (Bideford),  M.P.,  98,   Mount   Street,  W. 

Vice-President. 
JCottle,  J.     (Calcutta  Soc). 

ICouch,  Mrs.  A.  W.  (Brixham),  16,  Palace  Avenue,  Paignton. 
JCouch,  E.  (Brixham),  16,  Palace  Avenue,  Paignton. 
Couch,  G.  W.  (Exeter),  Vernon  Lodge,  Carshalton. 
Courtney,    Mrs.     (Barnstaple),    The    Library    House,    Minett    Librarj', 

Knatchbull  Road.  Camberwell,  S.E. 
Cox.  F.,  74,  Lansdowne  Road,  Qapham  Park,  S.W. 
Cox,  Miss  Florence  (Devonport),  i,  Loraine  Place,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 
Cox,  Mrs.   F.,  74,  Lansdowne  Road,  Clapham   Park,   S.W. 
Coysh,  R.  H.  (Dartmouth),  17,  Delafield  Road,  Old  Charlton,  S.E. 
Craigie,  D.  C,  38,  Wilton  Place,  S.W. 
JCranch,    —    (West    Alvington),    2,    Vincent    Street,    Auckland.     (New 

Zealand  Assoc). 
Cray,  M.  G.  A.  (Exeter  Club),  6,  St.  John's  Mansions,  Clapton  Square, 

N.E. 
JCrocker,  H.  M.  (Calcutta  Soc). 
*Crossman,  H.  ^L  (Bideford),  4,  Donnington  Road.  Reading.     (Reading 

Assoc). 
JCruse,  Miss  B.  A.  (Torquay),  22,  Woodville  Road,  Torquay. 
JCumming,    Stephen  A.   (Torquay),    "  The   Corbyn,"  Wheatridge  Lane, 

Cockington,  Torquay. 
•Cummings,  V.  J.,  c/o  Devonian  Society,  Victoria,  British  Columbia. 
Cutcliffe,  J.  (Dawlish),  National  Provincial  Bank,  15,  Bishopsgate.  E.C. 
JDavey,  F.  E.  R.  (Exeter),  13,  Cranbrook  Road,  Redland,  Bristol. 
Davey,  Franklin  (Devonport),  "  Homestead,"  Onslow  Road,  Richmond 

Hill,  S.W. 
Davey,  G.  W.  (Sampford  Spiney),  16,  John  Street,  Bedford  Row,  W.C. 

Committee. 
^Davies.  W.   J.   (Brixham),  16,  Hercules  Street.  Mile  End,   Portsmouth. 
(Portsmouth  Assoc). 

8 


114  ^^^  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


JDaw,  A.  H.,  502,  Victor  Street,  Winnipeg.     (Manitoba  Soc.) 

JDe  la  Bere,  Rev,  J.  (Woolfardisworthy),  Woolsery  Rectory,  Morchard 

Bishop,  Devon. 
JDe  la  Bere,  Rev.  S.  H.  (Woolfardisworthy),  Woolsery  Rectory,  Morchard 

Bishop,  Devon. 
♦Distin,  Allsan  L.  G,  (Paignton),  11,  Melrose  Terrace,  Shepherd's  Bush 

Road.  W. 
♦Distin,  Howard  (Paignton),  M.B.,  Holtwhite  House,  Enfield. 
JDodge,  Albert  (Teignmouth),  Elmgrove  Road,  Cotham,  Bristol.     {Bristol 

Soc). 
Dodridge,  A.  E.  (Devonport),  "  Moulin, "Cromwell Road,  Beckenham,  S.E. 
Dodridge,  Mrs.  (Devonport),  "  Moulin,"  Cromwell  Road,  Beckenham,  S.E. 
J  Doe,  G.  M.  (Torrington),  Enfield,  Torrington,  North  Devon. 
J  Doe,  G.  W.  A.  (Torrington),  Enfield,  Torrington,  North  Devon. 
JDolton,  J.  A.  (Calcutta  Soc). 

Donald,  J.  (Devonport),  "  Westleigh,"  Whytecliffe  Road,  Purley,  Surrey. 
J  Drake,  Major    W.    Hedley,   Bryn     Willow,    Polsham   Park,    Paignton, 

Devon. 
Drake,  J.  (Yealmpton),  Grange  Works,  Grange  Road,  Willesden  Green 

N.W. 
JDrew,    S.   T.    (Barnstaple),   Public   Library,    Swansea.     (Swansea  Soc.) 
Duke,  H.  E.  (Plymouth),  K.C.,  M.P.,  i.  Paper  Buildings,  Temple,  E.C. 

Vice-President. 
Dunn,  A.  E.  (Exeter),  70,  Victoria  Street,  S.W.     Vice-President. 
Dunn,  F.  W.  (South  Molton),  8,  Westmount  Road,  Eltham,  Kent. 
JDunn,  J.  H.  (Bidetord),  Crolts,  Lea  Park,  Ilfracombe. 
JDyer,  W.  A.,  200,  Nassau  Street,  Winnipeg.     (Manitoba  Soc) 

Earl,  T.  S.  (Devonport),  30,  Marlow  Road,  East  Ham, 

Eastmond,  J.  E.  Rawle  (Tiverton),  44,  Charing  Cross,  S.W. 

Easton,  H.  T.  (Exeter),  Union  of  London  and  Smiths  Bank,  Lombard 
Street,  E.C.      Vice-President. 
♦Ebden,  W.  R.  Hern,  43,  Caledon  Road,  East  Ham,  E. 
|Edwards,  L.  (Calcutta  Soc). 

JEdye,   Lieut.-Colonel  L.    (Hatherleigh),   Stanley  Couit,   Stanley  Street, 
Montreal,  Canada. 

Ellis,  Miss  G.  M.  (descent),  i,  Lena  Gardens,  West  Kensington  Park,  W. 
JEUis,  James  (Bideford),  391,  London  Road,  Reading.     (Reading  Assoc) 
JEllis,  Mrs.  S.  T.  (Devonport),  11,  Maiden  Lane,  Stamford,  Lmcs. 

Elston,  F.  W.  H.  (Exmouth).  6,  Cann  Hall  Road,  Leytonstone,  N.E. 

Elston,  Miss  M.  (Plymouth),  6,  Cann  Hall  Road,  Leytonstone,  N.E. 

Endicott,  Miss  Hetty  (Axminster),  102,  Winstanley  Road,  Clapham  Com- 
mon, S.W. 

Eustace,  A.  J.,  26,  Langdale  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

Eustace,  Mrs.   (Torquay),  26,  Langdale  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

Evans,  Mrs.  (Plymouth),  41,  Louisville  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 

Evans,  Miss  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  47,  The  Chase,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 

Evans,   G.   T.    (Ottery  St.    Mary),   47,  The    Chase,   Clapham  Common, 
S.W. 
♦Eveleigh,  Miss  Helen  (Exeter),  4,  Cadogan  Gardens,  S.W. 

Everett,  W.  J.  (Plymouth),  28,  Wray  Crescent,  Tollington  Park,  N. 

Everett,  Mrs.,  28,  Wray  Crescent,  Tollington  Park,  N. 

Farrant,  H.  G.  (Hemlock),  J. P.,  3,  Paper  Buildings,  Temple,  E.C. 
JFast,  Mrs.  (Plymouth),  Manukan  Rd.,  Epsom,  Auckland.     (New  Zealand 
Assoc) 


Ltst   of  Members  and  Associates  115 

JFenn,  E.  H.  (Plymouth),  Commercial  Hotel,  King  William's  Town,  South 

Africa. 
Fitzgerald,  Miss  M.   (Sidraouth),  The  Coffee  Pot  Caf^,  68,  Basinghall 

Street,  E.  C. 
Foale,  Miss   A.  G.  (descent),   29,   Aldridge    Road    Villas,    Westbourne 

Park,  W 
Foale,  P.  (Blackawton),  29,  Aldridge  Road  Villas,  Westbourne  Park,  W. 
Forbes,  Mrs.  J.  (Torquay),  i.  D.lafie.d  Road.  Old  Charlton.  S.E. 
Ford,  Clift  (Plymouth),  17.  High  Street,  Willesden  Junction.  N.W. 
Ford,  J.  (Plymouth),  49,  Nicol  Road,  Harlesden,  N.W. 
Fortescue,  Rt.  Hon.  Earl  (Filleigh),  K.C.B.,  A.D.C.,  Lord  Lieutenant  of 

Devon,  Castle  Hill,  South  Molton,  N.  Devon.      First  President. 
Foster.  H.  Blake  (Exeter).  81.  Manchuria  Road.  S.W, 
Jl  o\.  Bartholomew  (Sidmouth),  Carberry  Tower,  Musselburgh,  N.B. 
Fraser,  Ernest  (Exeter),  32,  Hatton  Garden,  E.C. 
JFnendsnip,    J.    (Torrington),     41,     Logan    Road,    Bishopston,    Bristol. 

{Bristol  Soc.) 
JFulford,  J.  U..  Southcott,  Bideford. 

Fulford,  J.  W.  (Northam).  34,  Strathearn  Road,  Wimbledon  Park,  S.W. 
Fulford,  Mrs.  (Northam),  34,  Strathearn  Road,  Wimbledon  Park,  S.W. 
J  Furze,   Joseph   (Tavistock),   3.   York  Avenue,   Sefton   Park,   Liverpool. 
(Liverpool  Soc.) 

*Calsworthy,  John,  Wingstone,  Manaton,  Devon.      Vice-President. 

Gamble,    Rev.    Canon    1..   R.   (Barnstaple),  M.A.,    St.  John's   Rectory, 

Westminster,  a.W.      Vice  President. 
JGHri.ind,  H.  (Barnstaple),  4,  Rediand  Hill,  Bristol.     (Bristol  Soc.) 
JGay,  Thomas  (Salcombe),  26,  George  Street,  Swansea.     (Swansea  Soc.) 

Geen,  H.  (Okehampton),   la,  Middle  Temple  Lane,  E.C.     Committee. 

Geen,  Mrs.  H.  (Okehampton).  la.  Middle  Temple  Lane.  E.C. 

Gib  on,  Thos.  (Appletio.e),  o,  Moore  Park  Road,  Fulham,  S.W. 

Gill,  Allen  (Devonport),  F.R.A.M.,  5,  Lincoln  House,  Dartmouth  Park 
Hill,  N.W,      Vice-President. 

Gillham,  H.  (Burlescombe),  222,  Central  Market,  E.C. 

Gillham,  Mrs.,  90,  Blenheim  Gardens,  Cricklewood,  N.W. 

GlanviU,  H.  Wretord-  (Kxeler),  35,  Strawberry  Hill  Road,  Twickenham. 

Glanville,  J.  Pascoe  (Plymouth),  57,  Heme  Hill,  S.E. 

Gloyne,  Martin  (Tavistock),  i,  St.  Paul's  Avenue,  Cricklewood,  N.W. 
JGoaman,  W.  1 .,  Anchoraj^e,  Bideiord 

Godlrey,  Mrs.  F.  A.  (descent),  Homeville,  Merton  Avenue,  Chiswick,  W. 

Godfrey,  S.  H.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  Homeville,  Merton  Avenue,  Chiswick,  W. 

Gooding,  C.  E.  (lixmouth),  13b,  Hanover  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 

Goodman,  W.  H.  (Devonport),  160,  Ardgowan  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 
JGo\  ier,  W.  T.  (North  Molton).  26.  Canterbury  Road.  Southsea.     (Ports- 
mouth Assoc.) 

Grainger,  H.  (Torquay).  266,  Walworth  Road.  S.E. 

Grant,  Miss  B.  M.  (Torrington),  5,  Argyle  Street,  Oxford  Street,  W. 

Grant,  Mrs.  (Stoke  Fleming),  2,  St.  Mary's  Road,  North  Kensington,  W. 

Greenhouse,  Mrs.  F.  (descent),  9,  Lynmouth  Road,  Stamford  Hill,  N. 

Grigg,  R.  (Exmouth),  113,  Victoria  Road,  Old  Charlton,  S.E. 

Grills,  W.  E.  (Holsworthy),  80,  Wilton  Road,  Muswell  Hill,  N. 

Gulliford,  W.  (Exeter),  28,  Danby  Street,  Peckham,  S.E. 
JGumey,  Rev.  Walter  B.  (Bratton  Clgvelly).    Poughill  Rectory.  Crediton, 
N.  Devon. 

Hall,  A.  B.  (Sidmouth),  Red  Roofs,  Slades  Hill,  Enfield,  N. 


ii6  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  3917 

Halsbury,  Rt.  Hon.    the    Earl    of    (Parkham),  P.C.,  4,  Ennismore  Gar- 
dens, W.  President. 
Hambly,  T.  H.  (Newton  Abbot),  65.  Napier  Road,  West  Ham,  E. 
Hambly,  Mrs.  M.  E.  (Newton  Abbot),  65,  Napier  Road,  West  Ham,  E. 
Hammick,  Miss  Daisy  (Stoke  Gabriet),  47,  Trinity  Road,  Wimbledon,  S.W. 
Hancock,  Miss  A.  M.  (Barnstaple),  78,  Bishop's  Road,  Bayswater,  W. 
Hancock,    H.    H.    M.    (Barnstaple),    56,    Devereux   Road,   Wandsworth 

Common,  S.W.     Committee. 
Hancock,  Mrs.  (Barnstaple),  56,  Devereux  Road,  Wandsworth  Common, 

S.W. 
Handford,  W.  (Barnstaple),  Barum,  Orche  Hill  Avenue,  Gerrards  Cross. 
Hannaford,  Charles,  47,  Sandringham  Buildings,  W.C. 
Hannaford,  Robert,  59,  King  Street,  Camden  Town,  N.W. 
J  Harding,  W.  (Parracombe),  Landore,  Swansea.     {Swansea  Soc.) 
J  Harris,    Miss    Bertha   A.    (Parracombe),    Bodley   Cottage,    Parracombe, 

R.S.O.,  N.  Devon. 
Harris,  Mrs.  Blanche  (Plymouth),  96,  Croxted  Road,  West  Dulwich,  S.E. 
Harris,  Frank  (Exeter),  L.C.C.  School,  Orange  Street,  Southwark,  S.E. 
Harris,  Gilbert,  (Plymouth),  6,  Kelmscott  Road,  Wandsworth  Common, 

S.W.     Hon.  Auditor. 
Harris,    Mrs.     Gilbert     (Plymouth),    6,    Kelmscott    Road,    Wandsworth 

Common,  S.W. 
Harvey,  Miss  B.  (Bridford),  855,  Fulham  Road,  S.W. 
*Harvey,  H.  Fairfax,  "  Elidor,"  Rodwell,  Weymouth. 
JHarvey,  Mrs.  H.  Fairfax-,  "  EUdor,"  Rodwell,  Weymouth. 
Haslop,  Mrs.  (Bideford),  5,  Wyndham  Street,  Bryanston  Square,  W. 
Hatch,  J.  C.  (Stonehouse) ,  87,  South  Lambeth  Road,  S.W. 
Hawken,  William  (Bideford),  39,  Somerton  Road,  Cricklewood,  N.W. 
J  Hawkins,   J.   (Teignmouth),  Summerliill  Park,   Bathurst,  Cape  Colony, 

S.  Africa. 
Haycraft,  H.  C.  (Totnes),  Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C. 
♦Hayman,  E.,  "  Glendaragh,"  82,  Doyle  Gardens,  Harlesden,  N.W. 
Haynes,  J.  T.  (Hartland),  J. P.,  22,  Knollys  Road,  Streatham,  S.W. 
Heard,  Dr.  J.,  25,  Woodwarde  Road,  East  Dulwich,  S.E. 
JHeard,  W.  E.  (Northam),  J. P.,  Winchester  House,  Newport.  Mon. 
Hearson,  C.  E.  (Barnstaple),  5,  Templar  Street,  Myatt's  Park,  S.E. 
Hearson,  Prof.    T.   A.  (Barnstaple),  M.Inst.  C.E.,  14-15,  Southampton 

Buildings,  W.C. 
Hearson,  Mrs.  (Horrabridge),  81,  Ridgemount  Gardens,  Gower  St.,  W.C. 
Hearson,  W.  E.  (Barnstaple),   "  Meadowbank,"  Kippington,  Sevenoaks, 
Kent. 
JHeath,  Miss  (Plymouth),  "  Tregantle,"  Woodside  Road,  Mount  Eden, 
Auckland.     {New  Zealand  Assoc.) 
Heddon,  W.  F.  (Topsham),  23,  Coolhurst  Road,  Crouch  End,  N. 
HeUier,  Miss  F.   (Ottery),   Staffordshire  House,  Store  Street,   W.C. 
JHellings,    R.    Merlin    (Tiverton),    3,    Nugent   Street,    Auckland.     {New 

Zealand  Assoc.) 
JHenning,  Rev.  J.,  Cockington  Vicarage,  Torquay. 
•Henson,  S  ,  P.O.  Box  1248,  Victoria,  British  Columbia.  {Victoria,  B.C., 

Devonian  Soc.) 
|Hern,  S.  Glanwern,  Christchurch,  Newport,  Mon. 
Hesse,  Mrs.  N.  (Tiverton),  2,  Satanita  Road,  Westchff,  Southend. 
JHews,  T.  G.  (Tiverton),  8, Clarendon  Road,  Sketty,  Swansea.  {Swansea Soc. ) 
Heywood,  F.  M.  (Bideford),  44,  Rosenthal  Road,  Catford,  S.E. 
Heywood,  G.  H.  (Bideford),  336,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 
He5rwood,  Mrs.  Isabel  (Bideford),  336,  Holloway  Road,  N. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  117 

Heywood,  Percy  (Bideford),  3,  Brigstock  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

Hill,  H.  VV.  (Exeter),  14,  Highlever  Road,  North  Kensington,  W. 

Hill,  J.   A.   (Holcombe  Rogus),  C.A.,   19a,  Coleman  Street.  E.C.     Hen, 
A  uditor. 
:Hill.   J.  Ball-  {Calcutta  Soc.) 

JHine,  H.  C.   (Exeter),  20,   Kensington  Road,  North  End,  Portsmouth. 
{Portsmouth  Soc.) 

Hobbs,  Frank  (MoUand),  119,  Upf>er  Richmond  Road,  Putney. 

Hockaday,  F.  (Dawlish),  82,  Geraldine  Road,  Wandsworth,  S.W. 
JHodder,  P.  C.  (Aveton  Gitford),  19,  Chitty  Road,  East  Southsea.    (Ports- 
mouth Soc.) 
*Hodge,  F.  (Heavitree),  The  Homestead,  Bishop's  Avenue,  East  Finchley.N. 
JHolman,   J.  Bertram  (Bideford),   10,   High  Street,   Tunbridge  Wells. 
J  Holmes,  A.   H.    (Parracombe),  Bodley  Cottage,  Parracombe,  R.S.O.,  N. 

Devon. 
•Hooper,  A.  Shelton,  J. P.,  Hong-Kong.  {Hong-Kong  Soc.) 
*  Hooper,  J.,  195,  Nassau  Street,  Winnipeg.      {Manitoba  Soc.) 

Hooper,   Joseph  (Bridestowe),   195,   Widmore  Road,   Bromley,   Kent. 

Hooper,  Mrs.  (Bridestowe),   195,  Widmore  Road,  Bromley,   Kent. 

Hooper,  W.  (Christow).  52,  Northfield  Avenue,  Ealing,  W. 
J  Hooper,   W.    E.    (Devonport),   43,  Strathcona   Street,  Ottawa,  Canada. 

{Ottawa  Soc.) 
•Hooppell,  Rev.  J.  L.  E.  (Aveton  Gifford),  St.  Peter's  Vicarage,  Hoxton 
Square,  N. 

Hopkins,  Mr.,  6i,  Great  Ormond  Street,  W.C. 

Hopkins,  Mrs.,  61,  Great  Ormond  Street,  W.C. 
JHopper,  A.  E.,  Queen  Anne's  Chambers,  Barnstaple,  Devon. 
♦Hore,  W.  J.  B.  (Dawhsh),  Hotel  Continental,  Gibraltar. 

Horton,  A.  J.  (Morleigh),  35,  Cranston  Road,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 

Howie,  Mrs.  J,  R.  C.  (Tiverton),  36,  Pep5rs  Road,  Raynes  Park,  S.W. 
*Howland,    Harman    J.    (Plymouth),    52.    St.    James's   Square.  Holland 

Park,  W. 
•Hughes,  T.  Cann  (Hittisleigh),  M.A.,  F.S.A.,  78,  Church  Street,  Lancaster. 
Vice-President. 

Hunt,  Mr.  (Torquay),  16,  Broadway,  Ealing,  W. 

Hunt,  W.  G.  (Torquay),  14,  Fairmount  Road,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W. 

Hunter,  Mrs.  J.  Pomerov,  5,  Shaftesbury  Villas,  Kensington,  W. 

Hurley,  J.  W.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  80,  Eardley  Road,  Streatham,  S.W. 

Hutchings,  C.  F.  H.  (Exeter),  10,  Old  Devonshire  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 

Hutchings,  Miss  Louie  (Torquay),  205,  Shirland  Road,  W. 
JHuxham,  W.  H.,  Springfield  Terrace,  Bideford. 

laman,  Miss  MeUna  (Stoke  Gabriel),  "  Sherbourne,"  Longley  Rd.,  Tooting, 

S.W. 
Inman,    W.    (Stoke   Gabriel),    "  Sherbourne,"   Longley   Road,   Tooting, 

S.W.     Committee. 
Inman,  Mrs.  W.  (Stoke Gabriel),"  Sherbourne,"  Longley  Rd.,  Tooting,  S.W. 

Jackson,   Sir  John  (Plymouth),  M.P.,   Pounds,   near  Plymouth.      Vice- 
President. 

•James,  Richard  (Broadclyst) ,  17,  Bread  Street,  E.C. 

•Jarvis,  Mrs.  (Devonport),  Thorpe  House,  4,  Airedale  Avenue,  Chiswick,  W. 

IJeflferies,    C.    (Wellington,    Som.),    32,    Bouverie    Square,    Folkestone. 
{Folkestone  Assoc.) 

JJeffery,  Frank  C.  (Exeter),  Rockdale,  West  Park  Drive,  Westclifi-on-Sea. 

JJeffery,  Mrs.  M.  L.,  Rockdale,  West  Park  Drive,  Westclif?-on-Sea. 


n8  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

Johns,  F.  P.  (Devonport),  Patent  Oflftce,  25,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C. 
JJones,  John  (Plymouth),  301.  Edge  Lane,  Liverpool.     {Liverpool  Sac.) 
Jones,  Miss  M.  E.,  51,  Shawfield  Street,  Chelsea,  S.W. 
Jordan,  Miss  M.  U.  (Exeter),  5,  Kensington  Gardens  Square,  Bayswater.  \V. 
•Josland,  F.  (Chawleigh),  "  Claremont,"  St.  John's  Road,  Sidcup,  Kent. 
JKekewich,    Captain  A.  St.  John   Mackintosh    (Exminster),   Devonshire 
Regiment,   Exeter. 
Kekewich,  C.  Granville  (Exminster),  2,  Suffolk  Lane,  E.C. 
Kekewich,  Sir  G.  W.    (Peamore),  K.C.B.,   D.C.L.,   St.  Albans,   Feltham. 

Middlesex.    Vice-President. 
Kelly,  A.  (Belstone),  60.  Brayburne  Avenue,  Clapham,  S.W 
Kelly,  Mrs.  E.  (Northlew),  66   Brayburne  Avenue,  Clapham,  S.W. 
Kent,  Mrs.  (Barnstaple),  16,  Oxford  Road,  Chiswick,  W. 
Kerswell,    J.  C.   (Plymouth),  4,    Uplands   Terrace,  Swansea.     {Swansea 

Soc.) 
Kiell,  J.  (Barnstaple),  19,  Stapleton  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  S.W. 
Kiell,  Mrs.  (Barnstaple),  19,  Stapleton  Road.  Upper  Tooting,  S.W. 
Kingcombe.  H.  F.  (Yealmpton),  10,  Cato  Road,  Clapham  Road,  S.W. 
JKingcome,  C.  (Calcutta  Soc). 
Kinsey,   F.  M.    (West  Buckland  School),  Florence    Villa,    16,    Harrow 
View,   Wealdstone. 
JKnight,  —  (Wells,  Som.),  9,  Cheriton  Place,  Folkestone.     {Folkestone 

Assoc.) 
JKnill,  H.  I.  (Barnstaple),  32,  Rhondda  Street,  Swansea.     {Swansea  Soc.) 

Laing,  Mrs.  H.  B.,  4,  Heath  Hurst  Road,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

Lake,  R.  C.  (Plymouth). 

Lambert,   Right  Hon.    George  (Spreyton),   M.P.,  34,  Grosvenor  Road, 
Westminster,  S.W.      Vice-President. 
^Lancaster,  W.  J.,  J. P.,  "  Santa  Margherita,"  Torquay. 

Lane.  John  (West  Putford),  "  Bodley  Head,"  Vigo  Street,  W.      Vice- 
President. 

Lang,  H.  W.  (Stonehouse),  7,  Bayer  Street,  Golden  Lane,  E.C. 
*Lang,  W.  H.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  19,  Coleraine  Road,  Westcombe  Park,  S.E. 

Larkworthy,  H.  S.  (Kinton),  171,  Hartfield  Road,  Wimbledon. 
♦Larkworthy,  J.  W,  (Meeth),  Bucklands,  Nether  Street,  North  Finchley. 

Committee. 
♦Larkworthy,  Mrs.  J.  W.,  Bucklands,  Nether  Street.  North  Finchley. 

Lascelles,  W.  H.  (Exeter),  28,  Barclay  Road,  Croydon. 

Lavers,   W.   (Yealmpton),   3,   Paddenswick  Road,  Hammersmith,  W. 

Lawday,  Miss  K.  (Kingsnympton),  45,  Cambridge  Terrace,  Hyde  Park,  W. 

Lawrence,  R.  L.  (CuUompton),  i  &  2,  Russia  Row,  Milk  Street,  E.C. 

Lawrence,  R.  Reginald  (CuUompton),  i  &  2,  Russia  Row,  E.C. 
JLaycock,   C.   H.,   Cross  Street,   Moretonhampstead,   Devon. 

Leat,  J.  (Exeter),  B.A.,  Stoke  Road,  Slough. 
JLee,  F.  Abbotsville,  Bideford. 

Lethbridge,  Alan. 

Lethbridge,  C,  24,  Great  St.  Helens,  E.C. 

Lethbridge,  Sir  Roper,   K.C.I.E.,  Exboume  Manor,   Exboume  R.S.O., 
North  Devon.      Vice-President. 
JLidiard,    Lieut.    H.    E.    (Stonehouse),    R.N.S.M.    50,    Campbell    Road. 
Southsea.     {Portsmouth  Assoc.) 

Lock,  W.  G.  (Instow),  5,  Copthall  Buildings,  E.C. 

Lopes,  Sir  H.  Y-B.,  Bart.  (Maristow),  Roborough,  Devon.      Vice-President, 

Lovell,  H.  F.  (Chulmleigh),  49,    Agamemnon  Road,  West  Hamnstead, 
N.W. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  114 


Lovell,  J.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  161,  Eardley  Road,  Streatham,  S.W. 

Loveridge,  G.  A..  3,  Alma  Square,  St.  John's  Wood,  W. 
{Luff,  Rev.  Edgar  A.,  M.A.,  Hartland  Vicarage,  N.  Devon. 

Luxton,  J.  (Coleridge),  184,  Essex  Road,  N. 
•Lyons,  Frank  L  (Stonehouse),  15,  Old  Cavendish  Street,  W. 

Maeers,  W.  H.  (Sidmouth),  49,  Lillieshall  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 
McCormack,  Lieut.  W.  J.  (Plymouth),  J.P.,  "  Dunkeld,"  Slough,  Bucks. 
Committee. 
{Maker.  A.  J.  (Chillaton).  "  Chillaton."  Tilehurst  Rd..  Reading.     {Reading 

Assoc.) 
•Manning,  H.  R.  (Brixton),  274,  Portobello  Road,  W. 
Manning,  Mrs.  (Newton  Abbot),  57,  Napier  Road,  West  Ham. 
Manning,  Miss  R.  (Holsworthy),  2,  Langler  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 
Manning,  Miss  C.  .\.  (Holsworthy),  2,  Langler  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 
•Markham,  Lady  (Arlington),  21,  Eccleston-square,  S.W.     Vice-Presiaent. 
Martin,    John   M.    (Hatherleigh),    6,    Denbigh    Gardens,    Richmond-on- 
Thames. 
♦Marzetti.  Leslie,  120,  Great  Portland  Street,  W. 
Matthews.  H.  B.  (Devonport),  14.  Chesham  Street,  Brighton. 
Maunder,  W.  H.  (Staverton),  7,  Somerfield  Road,  Finsbury  Park,  N. 
•Metherell,  R.  (Hartland).  Elmscott,  Winchmore  Hill,  N. 
Middleton,  J.  H.,  10,  Beverley  Gardens,  Barnes  Common,  S.W. 
Mildmay,  F.  B.  (Flete).  M.P..  Flete,  Ivybridge,  Devon.   Vice-President, 
Mildren.  A.  V.  (Beer),  2.  ColweU  Road,  East  Dulwich,  S.E. 
{Milford,  F.  P.  {Calcutta  Soc.) 

Millar,  Mrs.  A.  J.  (Burrington),  5,  Denbigh  Road,  Bayswater,  W, 
Milton.  J.  (Ide,  near  Exeter),  72.  Grove  Park,  Denmark  Hill,  S.E. 
Morey,  Mrs.  (Plymouth),  41,  Louisville  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 
•Morris,  R.  Burnet  (South  Molton),  24,  Bramham  Gardens,  S.W. 
Morrison-Bell,  Major  A.  CUve.  M.P..  Harpford  House.  Ottery  St.  Mary. 

Vice-President. 
Morrison-Bell,    Captain    E.    F.,    M.P.,    Pitt    House.    Chudleigh.     Vice- 
President. 
•.Mortimer.  Harold  Percival  (South  Molton),  J.P.,  Crofton  Lodge,  Kinglsey, 

Cheshire. 
Moss,  Miss  E.  M.  (Plymouth),  1,  Adela  Avenue,  New  Maiden,  Surrey. 
Mount  Edgcumbe,  Rt.  Hon.  the  Earl  of,  P.C,   G.C.V.O.,   VD,   Winter 
Villa,  Stonehouse.     Vice-President. 
•Moyse.    Prof.    C.    E.    (Torquay).    LL.D.,    McGill    University,    Montreal, 

Canada.     (Montreal  Soc.) 
JMudge,    Arthur   J.    (Plymouth),    505,   Cooper   Street,  Ottawa,  Canada. 

(Ottawa  Soc.) 
Mutten,   A.   W.   (Devonport),    Hillside,    Mount  Pleasant  Lane,    Upper 

Clapton.  N.E. 
Mutten.    Mrs.    A.    W.    (Devonport),     Hillside,    Mount    Pleasant   Lane, 
Upper  Clapton,  N.E. 

{Newcombe,  C.  H.  K.  (Braunton),  21,  Mirador  Crescent,  Swansea. 
♦Niner,  R.  K.  (Torquay),  12.  Palmerston  Road.  Southsea.  (Portsmouth  Soc.) 

Noakes.  F,  W.  (Totnes),  48.  Broadwater  Road,  Tottenham.  N. 

Norrish,   A.   J.   H.   (Bideford),   Kisber,   Queen's  Avenue,  Church  End, 
Finchley,  N. 

Northcote,  J.  C.  (Torquay),  Wilton  Lodge,  Kingston  Hill,  Surrey. 
{North  Devon  Athen.xum,  Barnstaple. 


120  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

Oakley,  R.  O.  (Beer),  Patent  Office,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C. 

Oakley,  Mrs.  F.  E.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  54,  Sydney  Road,  Homsey,  N. 

Offord,  W.  (Exeter),  72,  Church  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 
JOliver.  W.  H.  (Westleigh),  "  Inglenook,"  Albert  Road,  Caversham,  near 
Reading.     (Reading  Assoc.) 

Olliff.  Mrs.  Amy  (Bideford),  21,  Chartfield  Avenue,  Putney  Hill,  S.W. 

Osborne,  H.  Camille  (Brendon),  4,   Cambridge  Gardens,  Seven    Kings, 
Essex. 
JOsmond,  C.  F.,  P.O.  Box  165,  Bulawayo,  South  Africa. 
JOwen,  W.  A.  (Shaldon),  King  William's  Town,  South  Africa. 

Owen,  W.  D.  (Axmouth),  The  Poplars,  Somerset  Road,  Brentford. 

JPallett,  Alfred  R.  (Devonport),  627,  McLaren  Street,  Ottawa,  Canada. 

(Ottawa  Soc.) 
JPalmer,  F.  W.  Morton,  M.A.,  M.D.  (Teignmouth),  13,  Orchard  Gardens, 

Teignmouth. 
JPalmer,  H.  G.  727,  Elgin  Avenue,  Winnipeg.     (Manitoba  Soc.) 

Parkyn,  H.  (Okehampton),  413,  Oxford  Street,  W. 

Parr,    G.    H.,    319,   Trinity   Road,   Wandsworth   Common,    S.W, 

Parr,   Mrs.,   319,   Trinity  Road,   Wandsworth  Common,  S.W. 
*Parr,  R.  J.  (Torquay),  40,  Leicester  Square,  W.C.      Vice-President. 
♦Parr,  Mrs.  (Torquay),  40,  Leicester  Square,  W.C. 

Passmore,  W,  (Tiverton),  loi,  Elspeth  Road,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 

Paterson,   Miss   Edith    (Honiton),    lO,    Kingsgate   Mansions,    Red  Lion 
Square,  W.C. 

Paterson,  Mrs.  R.  M.  (descent),  50,  Barrington  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 

Paul,  J.  I.   (Braunton),  Signal  School,  Crystal  Palace,  Sydenham,  S.E. 

Pawley,  Mrs.  (Plymouth),  98,  Ramsden  Road,  Balham,  S.W. 

Peace,  J.  W.  Graham,  61,  Dynevor  Road,  High  St.,  Stoke  Newington,  N. 
JPearce,  J.  Cyprian  (Kingsbridge),  now  in  Indian  Army. 
JPedler,  Mrs.  Carter-,  Reeve  Castle,  Bow,  N.  Devon. 
JPedler,  Dr.  H.   (Calcutta  Soc). 

Peek,   Sir  Wilfrid,   Bart.,   Rousdon,  Devon.      Vice-President. 

Peek,   Rev.    Richard    (Drewsteignton),   M.A.,   St.    Magnus   the   Martyr, 
Lower  Thames  Street,   E.C.      Vice-President. 

Peek,   R.  W.    (Torquay),  7,   Freshford  Street,  Earlsfield,  S.W. 

Peerrrian,  A.  Purnell  (Torquay),  38,  Northwold  Road,  Clapton,  N.E. 
JPengelley,  J.  E.   (Exeter),  The  White  House,  Fakenham,  Norfolk. 

Penny,  A.  J.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  118,  Cromwell  Road,  Wimbledon. 

Perry,  F.  A.  (Tiverton),  4,  Kirchen  Road,  West  Ealing,  W.     Committee' 

Peter,  Charles  (Bradninch),   31,  Sydney  Grove,   Hendon,   N.W. 

Philp,  C.  R.  S.  (Plymouth),  the  Livesey  Library,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E 

PhUp,  Mrs.  E.  L.  (Plymouth),  26,  Crystal  Palace  Road,  S.E. 

Philp,  D.  B.  (Devonport),  44,  Homefield  Road,  Chiswick,  W. 

Pliillpotts,  Eden  (Exeter),  Eltham,  Torquay.      Vice-President. 

Pickard,  H.  (Beaford),  The  Laurels,  Wallbutton  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 

Pike,  G.  G.   (descent),  51,  Carlton  House,  Lower  Regent  Street,  S.W. 

Pike,  Mrs.,  "  Exonia,"  37,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W. 

Pike,  W.  A.  (Exeter),  37,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W. 
*Pilditch,  Phihp  E.   (Plymouth),  J. P.,  L.C.C.,  Old  Bond  Street  House, 

6,  7  and  8,  Old  Bond  Street,  W.      Vice-President. 
JPile,   Mrs.,   285,   Bannerman   Avenue,   Winnipeg.     (Manitoba   Soc.) 

Pillman,  J.  C.  (Plymouth),  J. P.,  The  Cottage,  Foots  Cray,  Kent.      Vice- 
President. 

Pinkham,  Colonel  C.  (Plympton),  J.P.,  C.C,  Linden  Lodge,  Winchester 
Avenue,  Brondesbury,  N.W.     Vice-President;  Chairman  of  Committee. 


Lisi  of  Members  and  Associates  121 

Finn,  F.  G.  (Sidmouth),  764,  Fulham  Road,  S.W. 

Finn,  Mrs.  (Flympton  St.  Maurice),  764,  Fulham  Road,  S.W. 

Focock,  R.  W.  (descent),  51.  Radnor  Road,  Harrow,  W. 
JFollard,  J.  D.     [Calcutta  Soc.) 

Fope,  W.  S.,  Alderman  (Sidmouth),  Baring  Lodge,  High  Road,  Lee. 

Fopham,   W.    V.   M.    (West   Buckland    School),    Blomfield   House,   85, 
London  Wall,  E.G. 
JForter,  C.  J.  (Barnstaple),  54.  Beresford  Rd.,  Reading.     (Reading  Assoc.) 

Fotbury,  T    R.  (Sidmouth),  M.A.,  53,  Flatts  Lane,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

Powe,  G.  W.  (Cadbury),  44,  Cres>wick  Road,  Acton,  W. 

Powe,  H.  D.   (Plymouth),  7b,  Peterborough  Villas,  Fulham,  S.W. 

Pride,  A,  E.  (Thorverton),  Woodland,  Horn  Lane,  Woodford  Green. 
J  Prior,  A.     (Calcutta  Soc.) 

Pudifin,  Miss  K.  (Flympton),  6,  Gann  Hall  Road,  Leytonstone,  N.E. 

Pullman,  James,  8,  Eastern  Road,  Wood  Green,  N. 

Pyatt,    Miss   H.    (Plymouth),    West   Lodge,    10,    Park   Hill,   Clapham, 
S.W. 

♦Quick,  Francis,  78,  Gillespie  Road,  Highbury,  N. 
Quick,  N.  (Tavistock),  552,  High  Road,  Tottenham,  N. 

Radford,   Sir  G.   H.    (Plymouth),   M.F..   Chiswick   House,   Ditton   Hill, 
Surbiton,  Surrey.      Vice- President. 

*  Radford,  Lady  (Lydford),  Chiswick  House,  Ditton  Hill,  Surbiton,  Surrey. 
Randolph,  Lieut.  H.  B.  (Plymouth),  "  Redlands,"  Famborough    Road, 

South  Famborough,  Hants. 
*Ransford,  —  (Clevedon,    Som.),    Westdene.    Juhan    Road.    Folkestone. 

(Folkestone  Assoc.) 
JRedwood,  W.  (Tiverton),  55,  Arley  Hill,  Bristol. 
JReed,  C.  (Bideford),  Torridge,  The  Parade,  Merthyr  Tydvil. 
Reed,   J.   C.    (Morchard   Bishop),   81,   Tavistock  Crescent,   Westboume 

Park,  W. 
Reed,    Mrs.    (Morchard    Bishop), 'JSi,    Tavistock   Crescent,    Westboume 

Park,  W. 
J  Reeve.   B.    (Stonehouse).    Brighton   Road,    Reumera,    Auckland.     (New 

Zealand  Assoc.) 
♦Rich,  W.  J.  (Tywardreath),  "  St.  Fillans,"  St.  Peter's  Hill.  Caversham, 

Reading.     (Reading  Assoc.) 
Richards,  J.  (Lynton),  46,  Ivanhoe  Road,  Camberwell,  S.E. 
J  Richardson,   W.  Gliddon-,   Hobson  Bay  Road,   Farnell.   New  Zealand. 

(New  Zealand  Assoc.) 

*  Rider,  T.  (Plymouth),  Sandhurst,  Goldsmith  Avenue,  Southsea.    (Ports- 

mouth Soc.) 

*  Roberts,  Rev.  R.  O.  (Barnstaple),  The  Rectory,  East  Downe,  Barnstaple. 
Robertson,  The  Right  Rev.  Archibald,  D.D.,  late  Lord  Bishop  of  Exeter. 

Vice-President. 
Rogers,  Herbert   (descent),    Brondesbury  House,  221,  Willesden  Lane. 
N.W. 
*Rogers,  W.  H.  (Bideford),  J. P..  Orleigh  Court.  Bideford,  N.  Devon. 
JRoutly,    W.    H.    (Holsworthy),    2.    Radnor    Park   Avenue,    Folkestone, 
(Folkestone  Assoc.) 
Rowe,  W.  (Flympton),  Tithe  Farm.  South  Harrow.  Middlesex. 
Rule,  J..  42,  Russell  Square.  W.C. 
Rule,  Mrs.  (Babbacombe),  42,  Russell  Square,  W.C. 
Ryall.  J.  (Totnes),  94,  Jerningham  Road,  New  Cross,  S.E.     Committer. 


122  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 


St.  Cyres,  Rt.  Hon.  Viscount  (Pynes),  84,  Eaton  Square,   S.W.      Vice- 
President. 
Salter,  Mrs.  A.  J.  (Axminster),  62,  West  Smithfield,  E.C. 
JSalter,  Henry  (Plymtree),  30,  Villiers  Street,  Swansea  {Swansea  Soc.) 
Salter,  W.  (CuUompton),  25,  Crescent  Grove,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 
♦Sanders,  C.  Buckley  (Exeter),  Bearsden,  Caterham,  Surrey. 
Sanguine,  A.  H.  (Bideford),  148,  Fleet  Road,  Hampstead,  N.W. 
Sanguine,  F.  J.  (Bideford),  148,  Fleet  Road,  Hampstead,  N.W. 
iSaunders,  H.     (Calcutta  Soc.) 
jScott,  T.  C,  Balfour,  British  Columbia. 
Searle,  J.  E.,  28,  Larkfield  Road,  Richmond,  Surrey. 
*Seaton,    Rt.    Hon.    Lord    (Plympton),    Beechwood,    Plympton.     Vice- 
President. 
Selley,    H.    R.    (Topsham),    13,    Wandle  Road,   Wandsworth  Common, 

S.W. 
Sellick,  Miss  B.,  28,  Hamilton  Terrace,  St.  John's  Wood,  N.W. 
Serjeant,  Owen  Russell  (North  Petherwin),  The  Link  House,  Stanmore, 

Middlesex. 
Sharland.  A.  (Barnstaple),  25,  Charleville  Circus,  West  Hill,  Sydenham, 

S.E. 
Sharland,  A.  W.  (Exeter),  "  Edgecumbe,"  Ashburton  Road,  E.  Croydon. 
Shaw,  E.  Harved,  22,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  E.C. 
Shawyer,    J.   W.    (Filleigh),   5,   Hemington   Avenue,   Friem   Barnet,   N. 

Hon.  Secretary. 
Shawyer,  Mrs.  J.  W.,  5,  Hemington  Avenue,  Friem  Barnet,  N. 
Sheer,  J.  (North  Petherwin),  13,  King's  College  Road,  N.W, 
Shelley,    F.    H.    (Swimbridge),    52,    Solway   Road,    Wood  Green,   N. 
J  Shires,  B.  Priestley,  21,  Lockyer  Street,  Plymouth. 

JShort,  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  78,  London  Road,  Reading.     {Reading  Assoc.) 

Simmons,    Sydney    (Okehampton),     J. P.,    "  Okehampton,"    Torrington 

Park,  Friern  Barnet,  N.      Vice-President. 

JSimpson,  F.  C,  "  Maypool,"  Churston  Ferrers,  R.S.O.,  Devon. 

Simpson,  Leslie  (Stonehouse) ,  Bank  House,  King  St.,  Hammersmith,  W. 

JSkelton,  W.  (Plymouth),  loi,  Leslie  Street,  Toronto,  Canada.     {Toronto 

Soc). 
JSkewes,  J.  C.  (Bere  Alston),  Clare  Street,  Bristol.     {Bristol  Soc.) 
Skinner,   G.  E.  (Parracombe),  56,  Leyspring  Road,  Leytonstone. 
Skinner.    S.M.,   Messrs,  John  Barker  &  Co.,   High  Street,   Kensington. 

Vice-President. 
Small,  A.  (Barnstaple),  Taw  View,  Post  Hill,  Appledore,  N.  Devon. 
Smart,  E.  S.  (Barnstaple),  16,  Moor  Lane,  E.C. 
Smart,  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  3,  Trossachs  Road,  East  Dulwich  Grove,  S.E. 

Committee. 
Smart,  Mrs.  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  3,  Trossachs  Road,  East  Dulwich  Grove, 
S.E. 
JSmith,  E.  S.  (Bideford),  32,  Brisbane  Road,  Reading.     {Reading  Assoc.) 
jSmith,  F.  G.  (Topsham),  6,   Dovedale  Road,  Liverpool.     {Liverpool  Soc.) 
Smith,  Granville   (Dartmouth),   Master  of  the  Supreme  Court,   Royal 
Courts  of  Justice,  W.C. 
JSmith,  H.  (Dartmouth),  20,  Judge's  Drive,  Liverpool.    {Liverpool  Soc.) 
Smith,  Miss  M.  (Colyton),  Eagle  Hotel,  Farringdon  Street,  E.C. 
Smithers,  A.  E.   (Stonehouse),   112,  Newington  Butts,  S.E. 
Smithers,  Mrs.,  112,  Newington  Butts,  S.E. 

Snell,  C.  Scott  (Barnstaple),  Gravesend  House,  Ridgeway,  Wimbledon. 
Snell,  Mrs.  C.  Scott  (Budleigh),  Gravesend  House,  Ridgeway,  Wimbledon. 
Snell,  E.  J.  (Bampton).  518,  Oxford  Street,  W. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  123 

Snell,  Frank  (Bampton),  "  Bampton,"EtchinghamPark  Rd.,  Finchlcy. 
Snell,  J.  (Axminster),  Hanger  Hill  Farm,  Ealing. 
•Snell,  M.  B.  (Barnstaple),  J. P.,  5,  Copthall  Buildings,  E.C.    Vice-President. 
Snell,   M.   Bowden,  ]unr.   (Combemartin),    18,   Broadwater  Down,  Tun- 
bridge  Wells. 
Snodgrass.  Archer  A..  7,  Charterhouse  Square,  E.C, 

Snow,  G.  H.  (Barnstaple),  "  Rosedean,"  20,  Heathfield  South,  Twickenham. 
JSnow.  R.  (Tavistork),  21,  East  Mount  Road,  York. 
Soames,  D.  (Exeter),  52,  Manor  Road,  Brockley,  S.E. 
Sobey,   H.  W.   (Plympton),   44,   Wellmeadow  Road.   Lewisham,  S.E. 
Soper.    H.    Tapley-    (Stoke  Gabriel).  Royal    Albert   Memorial    Library. 

Exeter.     Vice-President. 
Southwood,  Miss  Mildred  (descent),  Hazeldene,  Prout  Grove,  Ncasden. 

N.W. 
+Sparkes,  W.  H.     (Calcutta  Soc.) 
Spear,  Arthur  (Plymouth),  61,  Asylum  Road,  S.E. 
Spear,  Sir  John  W.  (Tavistork),  M.P.,  Tavistock.      Vice-President. 
Squire,  H.  Brinsmead    (Torrington),  London,  County  and  Westminster 

Bank,  90.  Wood  Street,  E.C.     Hon.  Treasurer. 
Squire,  J.  Mallet  (Bideford),  36.  Grasmere  Road,  Muswell  Hill,  N. 
JSquires,    Lieut.   J.    (Barnstaple).    R.M.A..    15,   Exeter   Road.   Southsea. 
(Portsmouth  Assoc.) 
Stamper,  C.  W.  (Tiverton),  4,  6  and  8,  Dover  Yard,  Berkeley  Street,  W. 
{Stanley,  E.  F.  (Dartmouth).  15.  Alexandra  Road,  Waterloo.  Liverpool. 

(Liverpool  Assoc.) 
JStapIeton,  G.     (Calcutta  Soc.) 

Statton,  P.  G.  (Devonport).  123,  Lavender  Sweep,  Clapham  Common,  S.W. 
Steed.  A.  W.  (Devonport),  25.  Clavering  Road.  Aldersbrook,  Wanstead 

Park.  Essex. 
Steer,  Rev.  W.  H,  Hornby  (Woodleigh),  M.A.,  52,  Avenue  Road,  Regent's 

Park,  N.W. 
Steer,  J.  W.  (Plymouth).  "  Wood  Lee,"  45,  Raleigh  Road,  Homsey,  X. 
JStentiford,  C.  D.  (Ashburton),  J. P.,  Stow  Park  Crescent,  Newport,  Mon. 
Stevens   £<.  T. 

iStewart'.  Mrs.  W.  L.     (Calcutta  Soc.) 

JStone,  F.  C,  386,  Kennedy  Street,  Winnipeg.     (Manitoba  Soc.) 
JStranger,  R.  E.  (Holsworthy),  P.O.  Box  1025,  Cape  Town,  South  Africa, 
Streat,  F.  W.  (Ottery  St    Mary),  125,  I  avender  Hill,  S.W. 
Stribling,  J.  Rowdon  (Exeter),  50,  High  Street,  Slough,  Bucks. 
Strobach.  Mrs.  (Exeter).  7,  Aybrook  Street,  Manchester  Square,  W. 
Studley,     Frank     (Tiverton),     "  Fairhaven,"     Cheam     Common     Hill, 

Worcester  Park,  Surrey. 
Summers,  J.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  44,  Grove  Hill  Road.  Camberwell,  S.E. 

Talbot,    Miss   Mabel   A.    (Hockworthy),   9,   Clarendon    Flats,  Baldeston 

Street,  W. 
Tamlin,  W.  E.  (Plymouth),  i.  Park  Avenue,  Willesden  Green,  N.W, 
Tarring,    F.   W.    (Holbeton),   F.R.I.B.A.,   26,   Coolhurst   Road,   Crouch, 

End,  N. 
{Taylor,  A.,  West  Buckland  School,  South  Molton,  North  Devon. 
JTaylor,  A,  B.  (Honiton),  30,  Cross  St..  Reading,     (Reading  Assoc.) 
Taylor,  A.  F.  (St.  Mary  Church),  Ingleside,  Hanwell,  W. 
Taylor,  J.  H.  (Northam),  The  Lodge,  Old  Deer  Park,  Richmond.  Surrey. 

Committee. 
Taylor,  Mrs.  C.  (Bideford),  The  Lodge,  Old  Deer  Park,  Richmond,  Surrey. 
Taylor,  Joshua  (Northam),  24.  Maldon  Road,  Acton,  W. 


124  ^^  Devonian  Year  Book,  1917 

Teague,    Mrs.    A.    M.     (Buckfastleigh),    87,    High     Road,    Streatham, 

S.W. 
♦Temple,  Rev.  W.  (Exeter),    M.A.,  St.  James's  Rectory,   Piccadilly,  W. 

Vice-President. 
Thomson,  F.  J.  S.  (Exeter),  31,  Angell  Road,  Brixton,  S.W. 
|Thom,  Miss  I.  H.  (Chagford),  23,  Springwell  Avenue,  Harlesden,  N.W. 
Timewell,   W.  U.   (Kingsbridge),   Devonport,  Auckland.     {New  Zealand 

Assoc). 
JTitherley,  A.  (Exeter),  Laurence  Villa,  Boston,  Lines. 
Tolchard,  W.  D.,  734,  High  Road,  Leytonstone. 
Toley,  A.  (Stockland),  The  Grove,  Han  well. 
Toll,  A.  E.  J.  (Torquay),  22,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  E.C. 
Tolley,  H.  (Exeter),  17,  Oakhurst  Grove,  East  Dulwich,  S.E. 
Tonkin,  Miss  Ada  (Newton  Abbot),  5,  Upper  Brook  Street,  W. 
*Tozer,  Henry  (Exeter),   i,  Durham  House  Street,  Strand,  W.C.      Vice- 
President. 
Tozer,  J.  R.  K.  (Paignton),  3,  Derby  Villas,  Derby  Road,  South  Woodford. 
|Tozer,  R.  (Plymouth),  Wynyard  St.,  Auckland.     {New  Zealand  Assoc). 
Train,    J.    W.,   Secretaries'    Office,  H.M.  Customs    and    Excise,    Lower 

Thames  Street,  E.C. 
:j:Tregay,  C.  (Roche,  Cornwall),  17,  Donnington  Road,  Reading.     {Reading 

Assoc). 
JTreliving,   Norman   (Okehampton),   Central  Library,   Leeds. 
Trobridge,    F.     (Newton     St.    Cyres),      St.     Cyres,     Dryburgh    Road. 

Putney,   W. 
Trobridge,    Mrs.    (Newton     St.    Cyres),     St.    Cyres,     Dryburgh    Road, 

Putney,  W. 
Truscott,  W.  J.,  (Teignmouth),  66,  King's  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 
Truscott,  Mrs.,  66    King's  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 
*Tucker,  Lieut. -General  C.  (Ashburton),  Chalet  St.  Pierre,  Biarritz. 
Tucker,  E.  R.  (Morchard),  21,  Ansdell  Road,  Peckham,  S.E. 
Tucker,   Mrs.   E.    R.    (Morchard   Bishop),   54,   Alconbury   Road,   Upper 

Clapton,  N.E. 
Tucker,  G.  H.  L.,  83,  Ham  Park  Road,  West  Ham,  E. 
Tucker,  Miss  Hilda  M.  (Buckfastleigh),  15,  Cedars  Road,  Barnes  Common, 

S.W. 
Turner,  F.  J.,  Ridgway  House,  Mill  Hill.  N.W. 
Turner,  Mrs.,  Ridgway  House,  Mill  Hill,  N.W. 

Tyte,  H.  (Barnstaple),  121,  Lansdowne  Road,  Seven  Kings,  Essex. 
Tyte,  Miss  A.  L.,  121,  Lansdowne  Road,  Seven  Kings,  Essex. 
Tyte,  Miss  K.  (Barnstaple),  7a,  Morgan  Mansions,  HoUoway  Road,  N. 

*Upcott,  Lieut.-Col.  Sir  Frederick  Upcott  (CuUompton) ,  K.C.V.O.,  C.S.L 
227,  St.  James  Court,  Buckingham  Gate,  S.W.      Vice-President. 

*Upcott,  Lady  (CuUompton),  227,  St.  James  Court,  Buckingham  Gate, 
S.W. 
Upham,  W.  Reynell,  13,  Constantine  Road,  Hampstead,  N.W. 

*Veitch,  Sir  Harry  J.  (Exeter),  34,  RedcliflFe  Gardens,  South  Kensington, 
Vice-President. 
Vellacott,  R.  H.  (Lynton),  13,  Rectory  Square,  Stepney.  E. 
Venn,  W.  H.  (Whimple),  M.A.,  St.  Peter's  College,  Manor  Road,  Brockley, 

S.E. 
Vibert,  F.  H.  (Totnes),  Rock  Villa,  Sevenoaks. 
Vibert,  Herbert  (Totnes).  104,  Fore  Street.  E.C. 
^Vicary,  W.   J.,  526,  Alexandra  Avenue,  Winnipeg.     {Manitoba  Sac.) 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  125 


Vivian,  Henry  (Cornwood),  6,  Bloomsbury  Square,  W.C.     Vice-President. 
JVivyan,  E.  J.  (Devonport),  3,  Stuart  Road,  Higher  Tranmere,  Birkenhead. 
{Liverpool  Soc.) 

Veysey,  G.  H.  Shapland  (Chittlehampton),  15,  Bishopsgate,  E.C. 
JVickery,   J.  H.  (Crediton),  The  Norlands,  Clytha  Park.  Newport,  Mon. 
JVodden,  T.  (Cullompton).  Jaffa  House,  Cullompton.  Devon. 

Waghom,  Mrs.  A.  G.  (Horrabridge),  50,  Westcombe  Park  Road,  Black- 
heath,  S.E. 

Walden,  Mrs.  A.  M.  (Exmouth),  8,  Parson's  Green  Lane,  Fulham,  S.W. 

Waldron,  Rev.  A.  J.  (Plymouth),  St.  Matthew's  Vicarage,  Brixton,  S.W. 
Vice-President. 
"Walker,  F.  (Drewsteignton) ,  68,  Coleman  Street,  E.C. 

Walrond,  Conrad  M.   (Cullompton),  "  Braeside,"  St.  Catherine's  Lane, 
Eastcote. 

Walrond,  H.  W.  (Cullompton),  London,  County  and  Westminster  Bank, 

Knightsbridge,  S.W. 
♦Walton,  C.  H.  (Teignmouth),  Devonia,  31,  Sibella  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 

Ward,  Mrs.  (Plymouth),  29.  Pitfield  Road,  Hoxton.  N. 

Ward.  W.  J.  (Plymouth),  29.  Pitfield  Road,  Hoxton,  N. 

Warran,  F.   (Tavistock),  82a,  South  Park  Road,   Wimbledon,  S.W. 
JWatkins.  J.  R.  (Plymouth),  5.  Harrington  St.,  Liverpool.  (Liverpool  Soc.) 

Webber,  K.  A.  (Newton  Abbot),  2,  Dallin  Road,  Piumstead,  S.E. 

Webber,  W.  J.  N.  (Plymouth),  Aspen  Cottage,  Mitcham  Junction,  Surrey. 

Wellacott,  W.  (Morchard  Bishop),  18,  Arlington  Road,  West  Ealing.  W. 
*Wcndon,  W.   (Paignton),  9,  Oxford  Gardens,  North   Kensington,   W. 

Western,  J.  R.  (Cullompton),  12,  Drayton  Park,  Highbury,  N. 
*Wheeler,  C.  (llfracombe),  "  Norlands,"  Lyndhurst,  Hants. 

White,  A.  (Diptford),  3,  Aberdeen  Court,  Aberdeen  Park,  N. 

White,  W.  A.  (Exeter),  Crabtree,  Riverside,  Fulham,  S.W. 
♦Whiteway,  E.  (Coombeinteign),  14,  New  Union  Street,  Moorfields,  E.C. 

Whitfield,  J.  (Bideford),   103,  Altenburgh  Gardens,  Clapham  Common, 

S.W. 
JWhitley,  E.  Forbes  (Efford),  Rho;^  Cottage,  Newquay. 

Whitley    H.  Michell  (Plymouth),  M.Inst.C.E.,  Broadway  Court,  Broad- 
way, Westminster,  S.W.      Vice-President. 
JWidlake,  E.  (Combe  Martm),  Sunny  Mount,  Hanham,  Bristol.      {Bristol 
Soc.) 

Wild.  A.  C.  T.  (Beer).  Belmont  House.  Peckham  Rye,  S.E. 

Wills,  F.  R.  Gould-  (Exeter),  A.R.I.B.A.,  31-33,  High  Holborn,  W.C. 
jWindeatt,  E.  (Totnes),  "  Heckwood,"  Totnes,  S.  Devon. 

Wingate,  G.  H.  (Plymouth),  29,  Fairhold  Road,  Stoke  Newington.  N. 

Wingate,  G.  M.  (Plymouth),  20,  Denver  Road,  Amhurst  Park,  N. 

Wingate,  L.  A.  (Plymouth),  66,  Loveday  Road,  West  Ealing,  W. 
JWinget,  W.,  Glen  Almond.  Cockington,  Torquay. 

JWinter,    Capt.   P.  G.   D.  (Torquay),  70,  Elm  Grove,  Southsea.     (Ports- 
mouth Soc.) 
*Wise,  H.  Harris  (Plymouth),  Mayfield,  Woodland  Park,  Newport  (Mon.). 

Witheridge,  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  103,  Dawes  Road,  Fulham,  S.W. 

Wollocombe.  J.  R.  (Lewdown).  Stowford  Cottage,  Lewdown  S.O.,  Devon. 

Wood,  J.  F.  (Stonehouse) ,  123,  The  Grove,  Wandsworth,  S.W. 
^Woodward.  A.  F.  (Tiverton),  3,  Pelham  Road,  South  Woodford,  Essex. 

WooUey,  W.  B.  (Torquay),  17,  Windermere  Road,  Muswell  Hill.  N. 

WooUcombe,  Rev.  H.  S.  (Northlew),  M.A.     Vice-President. 

Wreford,  C.  W.  (Exeter).  55,  Dyne  Road,  Brondesbury.  N.W. 

Wreford,  Mrs.  C.  W.  (Exeter),  55,  Dyne  Road,  Brondesbury,  N.W. 


126  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  iqij 

JWrenford,  Rev.  H,  St.  John  E.,  Clannaborough  Rectory,  Bow,  N.  Devon. 

Wright,  F.  G.  (Tiverton),  lo,  Old  Deer  Park  Gardens,  Richmond.     Com- 
mittee. 

Wright.  W.  J.  (Bideford),  i8.  Wood  Street.  E.G. 
♦Wyatt,  F.  B.  (South  Molton),  South  Molton,  N.  Devon. 

Yandle,  Robert  (Tiverton),  22,  Carter  Lane,  E.G.     Committee. 
JYellen.  F.  H.  (Holcomb  Rogus),  47,  Market  Place.  Reading.     {Reading 

Assoc.) 
Yeo,  James  (Barnstaple),  Woodhurst,  Warlingham,  Surrey. 
Yeo,  S.  A.  Spear  (Exeter),  2,  4,  and  6,  St.  John  Street,  EC. 

Zelley.  J.  H.  (Exeter).  31,  Radipole  Road.  Fulham.  S.W. 


Members  are  earnestly  requested  to  notify  alterations  of  address,  and  place 
of  association  with  Devonshire  {in  cases  where  this  is  omitted),  to  the  Hon. 
Secretary,  John  W.  Shawyer,  5,  Hemington  Avenue,  Friern  Barnet, 
London,  N. 


3923.17  JOHN   WRIGHT   AND  SON'S   LTD.,    PRINTERS    AND    PUBLISHERS,    BRISTOL. 


W^  D&vc^i^  yq/iJi^  BOOK, 


1918 


PRICE   2«.  6d.  net. 


DEVONIAN    YEAR    BOOK 

1918 


) 


%/ 


) 


3 


THE 


Devonian  Year  Book 


FOR    THE    YEAR 


1918 


(NINTH     YEAR    OF    PUBLICATION) 


R.    PEARSE   CHORE,    B.A. 


Unless   truth's   a   lie,  lad. 
You   dream  of   Devon   yet. 

— Henry  Newbolt, 


PUBLISHED    BY 
lonJ)on:    THE    LONDON    DEVONIAN    ASSOCIATION 

(JOHN  W.   SHAWYER.  Hon.  Sec.) 

Norwich  House,  13,  Southampton  Street,  Holborn,  W.C.  1. 

SIMPKIN.   MARSHALL,    HAMILTON,    KENT    &    CO.    LTD. 

»ri6t0l  :     JOHN     WRIGHT     &     SONS     LTD..     STONE     BRIDGE 

(M  tht    West  of  England  and  South    WaUs). 


JOHN    WRIGHT    AND    SONS    LTD. 
1-RINTKRS,    BRISTOU 


N  2  9  1354       I 


r 


Contents. 


The   London   Devonian    Association — Officers  and   Com- 
mittees             -            -            -            -  -  -  7 

Visitation  of  the  Wounded             -            -  -  -  10 

The  First  Roll  of  Devon  Worthies            -  -  -  13 

Two  London  Devonian  Benefactors           -  -  -  17 

"  Devon  Land — A  Song  of  Exile  "            -  -  -  23 

Died  for  their  Country       -           -           -  -  -  26 

Notes  and  Gleanings           -            -            -  -  -  36 

"  Eastward  Ho !  "               -            -            -  -  -  53 

New  Light  on  Sir  Richard  Grenville         -  -  -  55 

The  North  Devon  Railways  and  an  Early  Director  -  69 

A  Dialect  Letter     -            -            -            -  -  -  73 

Some  Recent  Devonian  Literature            -  -  -  77 

Affihated  Societies               -            -            -  -  -  79 

Devonian  Societies  not  Affihated   -           -  -  .-90 

Rules  of  the  London  Devonian  Association  -  -  91 

List  of  Members  and  Associates    -           -  -  -  94 


Officers  and  Committees 


The   London    Devonian   Association. 
Officers   and   Committees. 

1917-18. 


President : 

The   Right   Hon.   the   Earl  of  HALSBURY,   P.C. 

Past   Presidents  : 

The  Right  Hon.  Earl  FORTESCUE,  K.C.B.,  A.D.C.,  Lord -Lieutenant 

of  Devon  (1909-10). 
The    Right    Hon.    Lord    NORTHCOTE.     G.C.M.G..    G.C.I.E.,    C.B. 

(1910-11). 

Vice-Presidents  : 

The  Right  Hon.  the  Viscount  ST.  CYRES. 

The  Right  Rev.  ARCHIBALD  ROBERTSON,  D.D.,  late  Lord  Bishop 
of  Exeter. 

The  Right  Hon.  Lord  CHURSTON,  M.V.O. 

The  Right  Hon.  Lord  SEATON. 

Major  The  Hon.  WALDORF  ASTOR,  M.P.  Plymouth. 

The  Right  Hon.  H.  E.  DUKE,  K.C.,  M.P.,  Exeter  {Plymouth),  Chief 
Secretary  for  Ireland. 

The  Right  Hon.  GEORGE  LAMBERT,  P.C,  M.P.  South  Molton 
(Spreyton) . 

Sir  CLIFFORD  J.  CORY.  Bart.,  M.P.  (Bideford). 

Sir  H.  Y.-B.  LOPES,  Bart.  (Roborough). 

Sir  WILFRID  PEEK,  Bart.  (Rousdon). 

Sir  GEORGE  W.  KEKEWICH,  K.C.B..  D.C.L.  (Peamors). 

Lady  MARKHAM  (Arlington). 

Sir  ROPER  LETHBRIDGE,  K.C.I.E.,  M.A.,  D.L.,  J.P.   (Exbourne). 

Sir  JOHN  JACKSON.  K.C.V.O.,  M.P.  Devonport. 

Lt.-Col.  Sir  FREDK.  UPCOTT,  K.C.V.O..  C.S.I.  (Cullompton). 

Sir  EDWIN  A.  CORNWALL,  M.P.  (Lapford),  Comptroller  of  the  House- 
hold. 

Sir  PHILIP  E.  PILDITCH,  J.P.,  L.C.C.  (Kingsbridge) . 

Sir  JOHN  W.  SPEAR.  M.P.  Tavistock  (Tavistock). 

Sir  henry  TOZER  (Exeter). 

Sir  harry  J.  VEITCH  (Exeter). 

ROBERT  J.  PARR,  Esq.,  O.B.E.  (Torquay). 

Colonel  CHARLES  PINKHAM,  M.B.E.,  J.P.,  Alderman  of  Middlesex 
C.C.  (Plympton). 

Colonel  E.  T.  CLIFFORD,  VD  (Exeter). 

Colonel  F.  B.  MILDMAY,  M.P.  Totnes  (Flete,  Ivybriige). 

Major  T.  DYKE  ACLAND,  M.D.,  F.R.C.P.  (Columb-John). 

Major  A.  C.  MORRISON-BELL.  M.P.  Honiton  (Harpford). 

Major  E.  F.  MORRISON-BELL,  M.P.  Ashburton  (Chudleigh). 

A.  SHIRLEY  BENN,  Esq.,  M.P.  Plymouth. 

Rev.  W.  p.  BESLEY,  M.A.  (Barn   aple),  Minor  Canon  of  St.  Paul's. 


The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


Vice-Presidents  : — Continued. 

J.  B.  BURLACE,  Esq.,  F.R.G.S.,  F.Z.S.  {Brixhatn). 

JOHN  COLES.  Esq.,  J.P.  {Tiverton). 

A.  E.  DUNN,  Esq.  {Exeter). 

H.  T.  EASTON.  Esq.  {Exeter). 

JOHN  GALSWORTHY,  Esq.  {Manaton). 

Rev.  H.  R.  GAMBLE,  M.A.  {Barnstaple),  Canon  of  Westminster,  Hon. 

Chaplain  to  the  King. 
ALLEN  GILL,  Esq.,  F.R.A.M.  {Devonport). 
T.  CANN  HUGHES,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  {Hittisleigh). 
JOHN  LANE,  Esq.   {West  Putford). 
Rev.  RICHARD  PEEK,  M.A.  {Drewsteignion) . 
EDEN  PHILLPOTTS,  Esq.  {Exeter). 
J.  C.  PILLMAN,  Esq.,   J-P.  {Plymouth). 
SYDNEY  SIMMONS,  Esq..  J.P.  {Okehampton). 
S.  M.  SKINNER,  Esq.  {Thorverton). 
MICHAEL  B.  SNELL,  Esq.;  J.P.  {Barnstaple). 
H.  TAPLEY-SOPER,  Esq.  {Stoke  Gabriel). 
Rev.  W.  temple,  M.A.  {Exeter),  Hon.  Chaplain  to  the  King. 
HENRY  VIVIAN,  Esq.  {Cornwood). 

H.  MICHELL  WHITLEY,  Esq.,  M.Inst.C.E.   {Plymouth). 
Rev.  H.  S.  WOOLLCOMBE,  M.A.  {Northlew). 

Chairman  of  the  Association  : 

Colonel  E.  T.  CLIFFORD,  VD  {Exeter), 
Cranley  Gardens.  South  Kensington,  S.W.7. 

Committee  : 

Chairman. 

Colonel  Charles  Pinkham,  M.B.E.,  J. P.,  Alderman  of  Middlesex  C.C. 

{Plympton),  Linden  Lodge,  Winchester  Avenue,  Brondesbury,  N.W.6. 

Deputy  Chairman. 
R.  Pearse  Chope,  B.A.  {Hartland), 
Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C.2. 
Prof.  W.  S.  Abell.  M.I.N. A.  {Exmouth),  ix,  Wedderburn  Road,  Hamp- 

stead,  N.W.3. 
J.  B.  BuRLACE  {Brixham),  38,  Corfton  Road,  Ealing,  W.5. 
Norman  W.  Champion  {Shaldon)',  8,  Holmewood  Gardens.  Brixton  Hill, 

S.W.2. 

N.  Cole  {Salcombe),  45,  Allerton  Road,  Lordship  Park,  Stoke  Newing- 
ton,   N.16. 

G.  W.  Davey  {Sampford  Spiney),  16.  John  Street,  Bedford  Row,  W.C.i. 

J.  Donald  {Three  Towns  Assoc).  "  Westleigh,"  Whytecliffe  Road, 
Purley,    Surrey. 

H.  Geen   (Okehampton),   la.  Middle  Temple  Lane,  E.C.4. 

S.  H.  Godfrey  {Old  Ottregians  Soc),  i,  Hadley  Gardens,  Chiswick,  W.4. 

H.  H.  M.  Hancock  {Barumites  in  London),  56,  Devereux  Road,  Wands- 
worth Common,  S.W.ii. 

G.  H.  Heywood  {London  Bidefordian  Soc),  336,  Holloway  Road,  N.7. 

W.  Inman  {Stoke  Gabriel),  Sherboume,  Longley  Road,  Tooting,  S.W.17. 

J.  W.  Larkworthy  {Meeth),  "  Bucklands,"  Nether  Street,  North  Finchley. 

Lieut.  W.  J.  McCoRMACK,  J.P.  {Plymouth),  Dunkeld,  Slough,  Bucks. 

F.  A.  Perjiy  {Tiverton),  4,  Kirchen  Road,  West  Ealing,  W.13. 


Officers  and  Committees 


John  Ryall  {Exeter  Club),  94,  Jemingham  Road,  New  Cross,  S.E.14. 
W.    H.    Smart   {Plymouth),   3,   Trossachs   Road,   East   Dulwich  Grove, 

S.E.22. 
J.  H.  Taylor  (Northam),  The  Lodge,  Old  Deer  Park,  Richmond. 

F.  G.  Wright  {Tiverton),  10,  Old  Deer  Park  Gardens,  Richmond. 
Capt.  Robert  Yandle  {Tiverlonian  Assoc),  22.  Carter  Lane,  E.C.4. 

Hon.  Auditors. 
Gilbert  Harris  {Plymouth),  78,  Wood  Street,  E.C.2. 
J,  Arnold  Hill,  C.A.  {Holcombe  Rogus),  19a,  Coleman  Street,  E.C.2. 

Hon.  Treasurer. 
H.   Brinsmead   Squire    {Torrington) ,   London   County   &    Westminster 
Bank,  Ltd.,  90,  Wood  Street,  E.C.2. 

Hon.  Assistant  Secretary. 
Lieut.  R.  Stewart  Barnes  {Yealmpton),  45,  Finsbury  Square,  E.C.2. 

Hon.  Secretary. 
John  W.   Shawyer   {West  Buckland  School  O.B.A.),  Norwich   House, 
13,  Southampton  Street,  Holborn,  W.C.i. 

Benevolent   Fund   Sub-committee  : 

G.  W.  Davey,  H.  H,  M.  Hancock,  W.  Inman,  J.  H.  Taylor. 

Finance   Sub-committee : 

J.  B.  Burlace,  G.  W.  Davev,  W.  Inman,  W.  J.  McCormack. 

Year    Book    Sub-committee : 

Prof.  W.  S.  Abell,  J.  B.  Burlace,  H.  Geen,  F.  A.  Perry. 

Devon   County   Folk   Visitation   to   our   Wounded  Soldiers  and    Sailors 
in    London    Hospitals. 

Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford  {Chairman),  Mrs.  Callaway,  Miss  D. 
Churchward,  Miss  Elliott,  Miss  G.  Freeman  Evans,  Miss 
Fitzgerald,  Mrs.  Giles,  Mrs.  Greenhouse,  Mrs.  Hesse,  Miss 
Heywood,  Mrs.  Hooper,  Mrs.  Inman,  Mrs.  Richard  Kerr,  Miss 
Kinsman,  Miss  Larkworthy,  Mrs.  Newman,  Mrs.  Paine,  Mrs. 
Richards,  Miss  E.  Robb,  Mrs.  Trewin,  Miss  Triplet,  Miss  R. 
Troubridge,  Miss  Warner,  Mrs.  Weeks,  Mrs.  Wreford,  Miss 
M.  Churchward  {Hon.  Sec),  409,  Oxford  Street,  W.i. 

Representatives  on  the  English  County  Societies  Conference  : 

Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford  {Chairman  of  the  Conference),  G.  W.  Davey, 
J.  W.  Shawyer  {ex  officio). 

National    Memorial    to    Drake. 

President :  The  Right  Hon.  Winston  Churchill,  M.P. 
The  London  Devonian  Association  is  represented  on  the  Executive  of 
the  National  Committee  by  Colonel  E.  T.  Clifford,  Vice-Chairman,  The 
Right  Hon.   George  Lambert, //o«  rreosMrcr,  Major  A.  Clive  Morrison- 
Bell,  M.P.,  Sir  Philip  E.  Pilditch,  J. P.,  L.C.C.,  and  J.  W.  Shawyer. 

Note. — The  Chairman  of  the  Association,  the  Chairman  of  Committee, 
the  Deputy  Chairman,  the  Hon.  Treasurer,  the  Hon.  Assistant  Secre- 
tary, and  the  Hon.  Secretary  are  ex  officio  members  of  the  Committee 
and  of  all  Sub-committees. 


10  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

County  Folk  Visitation  to  Wounded 
Soldiers  and  Sailors  in  London  Hospitals. 

The  County  Folk  Visitation  Society  was  formed  under  the 
auspices  of  the  English  County  Societies'  Conference,  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  effect  to  an  idea  which  originated  with  Colonel 
E.  T.  Clifford,  Chairman  of  the  London  Devonian  Association 
and  of  the  English  County  Societies'  Conference.  It  was 
borne  in  upon  the  Colonel  in  the  course  of  a  visit  he  paid  to  a 
Hospital,  that  it  was  desirable  that  wounded  men  should  be 
visited,  not  only  by  the  kind-hearted  visitors  who  generally 
made  it  their  work  to  cheer  the  loneliness  and  weariness  of  the 
wounded,  but  especially  by  those  whose  coming  would  do  most 
to  effect  that  object.  To  the  average  man  a  visit  from  a  native 
of  his  own  county  meant  much  more  than  that  of  a  casual  visitor, 
and  accordingly  a  Society  was  formed,  which,  acting  under  the 
authority  of  the  Director  of  Medical  Service  for  the  London 
District,  appointed  Commissioners  to  get  particulars  of  the 
mep  as  they  are  admitted  to  the  various  hospitals,  classify 
them  according  to  their  county,  and  forward  the  names  to  the 
various  County  Secretaries.  It  then  became  the  duty  of  each 
county  to  arrange  for  the  visitation  of  its  own  men.  A  number 
of  English  County  Associations  took  the  matter  up,  amongst 
which  the  Colonel's  own  Association,  the  London  Devonian, 
was  naturally  one  of  the  first.  The  clannishness,  so  characteristic 
of  Devonians,  made  the  work  in  respect  to  men  of  that  county 
particularly  desirable  and  appropriate,  and  the  scheme  was 
taken  up  by  the  London  Devonian  Association  with  enthusiasm. 

The  lady  members  of  this  Association  banded  themselves 
together  in  March,  1916,  as  the  Devon  Visitation  Committee, 
with  Colonel  Clifford  as  Chairman  and  Miss  Maude  A.  Church- 
ward as  Hon.  Secretary,  for  the  purpose  of  visiting  wounded 
Devonians  in  London  Hospitals,  and  they  have  continued  their 
good  work  during  the  past  year.  Twice  a  week,  with  untiring 
devotion  each  lady  has  visited  the  hospital  assigned  her,  and 
the  visits  have  been  eagerly  anticipated,  greatly  enjoyed,  and 
gratefully  remembered  by  the  men,  to  whom  they  have  often 
been  as  a  breath  of  their  native  county. 

Nor  have  the  ladies'  activites  been  confined  to  Hospital  visits. 
Early  in  January  they  provided  a  tea  at  the  Central  Y.M.C.A., 


Visitation  to  the  Wounded  in  London  Hospitals  ii 

Tottenham  Court  Road,  to  which  a  large  number  of  wounded 
men  were  invited,  and  conveyed  from  their  respective  hospitals 
and  back  again.  An  excellent  entertainment  was  provided, 
and  the  afternoon  will  live  long  in  the  memories  of  those  who 
assisted  in  entertaining  the  party. 

Again,  in  August,  by  the  kindness  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sydney 
Simmons,  about  65  men  were  entertained  at  a  Garden  Party 
at  "  Okehampton,"  Friern  Bamet.  The  Visitation  Committee 
arranged  for  the  conveyance  of  the  men  in  about  20  motor  cars, 
and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Simmons  kindly  provided  tea.  Games  and 
competitions  of  various  kinds  were  held,  including  croquet, 
clock  golf,  and  bowling,  for  which  prizes  were  given,  and  an 
enjoyable  Concert  was  rendered  under  the  direction  of  Mrs. 
Wreford.  During  the  afternoon  the  party  were  photographed 
by  Mr.  F.  J.  Taylor,  a  reproduction  of  which  is  given  as  the 
Frontispiece  to  this  volume. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  R.  P.  Chope,  one  hundred  copies 
of  the  Devonian  Year  Book  have  been  distributed  to  the  men, 
some  back  copies  with  articles  on  "  Devonshire  and  the  War  " 
and  "  The  Devonshire  Regiment  "  having  been  included  in  the 
parcel.  The  Year  Book  Committee  have  some  further  copies 
which  might  be  put  to  this  good  use,  if  any  friend  would  like  to 
place  them  at  the  disposal  of  the  visitors,  at  the  nominal  price 
of  one  shilling  per  copy. 

Coming  to  the  actual  visitation  work,  about  one  thousand 
men  have  been  visited  in  thirty  different  hospitals — over  one 
hundred  at  King  George's  Hospital  alone.  Amongst  them  was 
a  Tiverton  man,  who,  in  spite  of  a  smashed  thigh  and  shoulder, 
gunshot  wounds  all  over  his  face,  and  the  loss  of  his  left  eye, 
yet  maintained  a  cheerful  demeanour.  In  the  same  hospital 
were  a  Lance-Sergt.  of  the  1st  Devons,  hailing  from  Plymouth, 
suffering  from  the  loss  of  a  foot,  and  a  man  from  Brent,  who 
had  lost  both  his  left  eye  and  left  leg.  Two  spinal  cases  were 
also  visited  here,  both  of  whom  were  later  transferred  to  the 
Devon  and  Exeter  Hospital — one  a  Torquay  man,  and  the  other 
a  private  in  the  Royal  Lancashire  Regiment,  a  native  of  Cul- 
lompton,  who  died  after  removal  to  Exeter.  At  Epsom  an 
Exeter  man  was  visited  who  had  lost  both  arms.  At  the  Coulter 
Hospital,  Grosvenor  Square,  a  Whipton  man  who  had  lost  a 
leg  and  been  shot  in  the  back  was  lying  on  his  stomach  for  seven 
months.  As  his  recovery  was  considered  doubtful,  his  father 
and  mother  were  fetched  from  Devon  by  the  Committee,  and 
entertained  during  their  visit  to  their  son.  Fortunately,  he 
ultimately  recovered.  In  the  same  hospital  was  a  farmer's  son 
from   Okehampton,   who,   learning  that   a  wounded  comrade 


12  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

required  a  quart  of  blood  to  save  his  life,  cheerfully  gave  it, 
although  he  himself  was  lying  wounded  in  the  arms  and  leg. 
Surely,  to  minister  to  the  comfort  and  well  being  of  such  men 
is  a  privilege  the  Association  should  be  proud  to  embrace. 
Corporal  Lacey,  of  Exmouth,  who  was  awarded  the  Military 
Medal,  was  also  amongst  the  wounded  men  looked  after.  These 
are  only  a  few  cases  typical  of  many  in  London  hospitals,  some 
as  far  out  as  Epsom  and  Southall,  and  in  several  cases  wives 
and  mothers  have  been  brought  up  from  Devonshire  to  visit 
their  wounded  husbands  and  sons. 

A  recital  of  the  mere  facts  of  these  cases  can,  however,  give 
little  idea  of  the  magnificent  work  the  ladies  are  doing.  At 
each  visit  little  comforts  are  conveyed  to  the  men,  and  the 
sympathy  of  Devonians  with  the  sufferings  of  their  fellows  has 
found  an  avenue  of  practical  expression.  Far  in  value  beyond 
the  little  material  comforts  which  the  visitors  take  to  the  wounded 
men,  is  the  assurance  which  the  visits  convey,  that  Devon  men 
who  have  fought  and  bled  for  their  country  are  not  unthought 
of  or  uncared  for  by  their  fellow  county  folk  ;  that,  although 
far  from  home  and  relatives,  they  are  yet  amongst  friends,  and 
that  there  are  those  at  hand  who  understand  and  share  their 
longing  for  a  link  with  the  old  home,  people  who  can  enter  into 
that  love  for  the  old  county  which,  to  paraphrase  Kingsley, 
has  been  at  the  root  of  their  patriotism  and  has  inspired  their 
valour  and  sacrifices. 

This  undercurrent  of  feeling  cannot  be  described,  but  is 
assuredly  felt  by  Devonshire  men  and  women,  and  it  forms  a 
very  real  bond  around  them.  Again  and  again  it  has  proved 
to  be  not  merely  a  sentiment,  but  a  basis  of  sympathy  which  has 
enabled  our  ladies  to  render  services  which  would  be  difficult 
if  not  impossible  to  strangers.  Letters  are  written  for  men 
who  have  lost  the  use  of  hand  or  eye.  Advice  has  been  asked 
and  given  on  domestic  affairs,  and  in  one  case  at  least,  serious 
domestic  misunderstandings  were  satisfactorily  cleared  up. 
Visitors  have  been  able  to  talk  with  the  men  about  their  own 
locahties,  about  the  people  they  know,  and  the  response  has 
been  wonderful.  Sympathetic  and  pleasant  conversation  on 
such  matters  enable  the  men  temporarily  to  forget  their  pain 
and  give  them  something  to  look  forward  to  from  one  visit  to 
another. 

"  For  those  who  weak  and  broken  lie 
In   weariness  and  agony," 

these  visits  are  valuable  accessories  to  the  surgical  treatment 
they  are  receiving.  The  hospitals  provide  the  necessary  founda- 
tion for  their  restoration  and  healing,  but  the  visits  create  an 


The  First  Roll  of  Worthies  oj  Devon  13 

atmosphere  which  undoubtedly  gives  the  healing  art  a  greater 
chance  of  success.  Falstaff,  as  he  lay  dying,  babbled  of  the 
green  fields  of  his  youth,  and  in  weakness  and  extremity  the 
mind  naturally  reverts  to  its  earlier  associations. 

Some  of  the  objects  for  which  the  London  Devonian  Associa- 
tion was  formed  were  to  encourage  local  patriotism,  to  promote 
Devonian  interests,  and  to  provide  opportunities  for  friendly 
intercourse  amongst  Devonians  in  London.  These  objects 
are  being  reahzed  by  the  Visitation  Committee  with  an  intensity 
the  founders  of  the  Association  little  anticipated  when  they 
formulated  their  objects.  Surely,  in  this  respect,  "  they  builded 
better  than  they  knew."  But  the  work  cannot  be  continued 
without  further  funds.  Two  successful  concerts  have  been 
held  for  this  purpose,  and  friends  have  generously  assisted. 
If,  however,  the  good  work  is  to  go  on,  further  funds  must  be 
forthcoming,  and  the  opportunity  is  open  for  any  who  would 
like  to  assist  financially.  The  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Visitation 
Committee,  Miss  Maude  A.  Churchward,  409,  Oxford  Street, 
W.  1 ,  or  the  Hon.  Treasurer  of  the  Association,  Mr.  H.  Brinsmead 
Squire,  London  County  and  Westminster  Bank,  90,  Wood 
Street,  E.C.2,  will  gratefully  receive  and  acknowledge  any 
contributions.     Who  will  help  ? 

Francis  A.  Perry. 


The  First  Roll  of  Worthies  of  Devon. 

By  Nathanael  Carpenter,  D.D.i 

Wherein  can  any  Province  of  Great  Brittaine  challenge 
precedency  before  us  ?  Should  any  deny  us  the  reputation 
of  Arts  and  Learning,  the  pious  Ghosts  of  Jewell?-  Raynolds? 
and  Hooker^  would  rise  up  in  opposition,  whom  the  World  knows 
so  valiantly  to  have  displayed  their  Banners  in  defence  of  our 
Church  and  Religion.  Should  they  exclude  us  from  the  reputa- 
tion of  knowledge  in  State  and  PoUtic  affairs  ?     Who  hath  not 


^(1589-1628  ?)  b.  at  Northleigh  ;  his  Geography,  from  which  this  extract 
is  taken,  was  published  in  1625.  »(i5*2-i57i)  b.  at  Berrynarbor  ;  bishop 
of  Salisbury,  author  of  A  Defence  of  the  Church  of  England.  •(1549- 1607) 
b.  at  Pinhoe  ;  president  of  Corpus  Christi  Coll.,  Oxford,  one  of  the 
translators  of  the  Bible.     *(i554  ?-i6oo)   b.  at   Heavitree ;     master  of 


14  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

acquainted  himself  with  the  name  of  Sir  William  Petre,^  our 
famous  Benefactor,  whose  desert  chose  him  chief  Secretary  to 
three  Princes  of  famous  memory  ?  Who  hath  not  known  or 
read  of  that  prodigie  of  wit  and  fortune.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,^ 
a  man  unfortunate  in  nothing  else  but  the  greatness  of  his  wit 
and  advancement  ?  whose  eminent  worth  was  such,  both  in 
Domestic  Policy,  Foreign  Expeditions,  and  Discoveries,  Arts, 
and  Literature,  both  Practic  and  Contemplative,  which  might 
seem  at  once  to  conquer  both  Example  and  Imitation.  For 
valour  and  chivalrous  Designs  by  Sea,  who  reads  not  without 
admiration  the  acts  of  Sir  Francis  Drake,''  who  thought  the 
circuit  of  this  Earthly  Globe  too  little  for  his  generous  and 
magnanimous  Ambition  ?  Of  Sir  Richard  Grenville,^  who 
undertaking  with  so  great  a  disadvantage,  so  strong  an  Enemy  ; 
yet  with  an  undaunted  Spirit  made  his  Honour  legible  in  the 
wounds  of  the  proud  Spaniard,  and  at  last  triumphed  more  in 
his  own  honourable  Death  than  the  other  in  his  base  conquest  ? 
Of  Sir  Humfrey  Gilbert,*  Sir  Richard  Hawkins, ^^  Davies,^^ 
Frobisher,^^  and  Captain  Parker,^^  with  many  others  of  worth, 
note,  and  estimation,  whose  names  live  with  the  Ocean  ?  In 
the  Catalogue  of  able  and  worthy  Land-Soldiers,  whose  eye 
would  not  at  first  glance  on  my  Lord  Belfast}'^  who  lately 
deceased  to  the  great  grief  of  his  Country,  because  in  such  a 
time  which  most  requires  his  assistance  ?  Courage  and  Wisdom, 
which  are  often  at  odds  and  seldom  meet,  in  him  shook  hands 
as  friends  and  challenged  an  equal  share  in  his  perfections. 
His  wise  managing  of  his  affairs  in  Ireland,  so  well  commends 
his  own  Loyalty,  and  his  Master's  choice,  that  the  whole  Realm 
may  truly  be  said,  for  the  most  part  to  owe  her  Peace  to  his 
industry.  Should  I  speak  of  Generous  Magnificence  and  Favour 
of  Learning  showed  by  Heroical  Spirits  in  the  general  Munificence 
extended  to  our  whole  University,  what  Age  or  Place  can  give 
a  Parallel  to  renowned  Bodley,^''  whose  name  carries  more 
persuasion  than  the  tongue  of  the  wisest  Orator  ?  His 
magnificent  Bounty,  which  showed  itself  so  extraordinarily 
transcendent,  as  well  in  erection  of  his  famous  Librar)^  which 


the  Temple,  author  of  Laws  of  Ecclesiastical  Polity.  *(i505  ?-i572)  b.  at 
Torquay ;  Secretary  of  State.  •(1552  ?-i6i8)  b.  at  East  Budleigh. 
'(1540  P-I596)  b.  at  Tavistock.  *(i54i-i59i)  b.  at  Bideford  (?).  '(1539  ?- 
1583)  b.  at  Compton  Ceistle.  ^"(1562  ?-i622)  b.  at  Plymouth  ;  son  of 
Sir  John  Hawkins.  ^'(155°  ?-i6o5)  b.  at  Sandridge.  i*A  Yorkshireman  ; 
d.  at  Py mouth,  1594.  ^'WiUiam  Parker  (d.  1618),  a  sea-captain  who 
became  mayor  of  Plymouth.  ^*Arthur  Chichester,  Baron  Chichester  of 
Belfast   (1563-1625)   b.   at  Raleigh,   near  Barnstaple ;     lord   deputy  of 


The  First  Roll  of  Worthies  of  Devon  15 

he  (as  another  Ptolemy)  so  richly  lumisht,  as  other  munificent 
Largesses  to  our  English  Athens,  was  yet  further  crowned  by 
his  vnse  choice,  as  proceeding  from  one  who,  being  both  a  great 
Scholar  and  a  prudent  Statist,  knew  as  well  how  to  direct  as 
to  bestow  liberality.  If  Founders  and  Benefactors  of  private 
Colleges  may  find  place  in  this  Catalogue  of  Worthies,  the 
sweet  hive  and  receptacle  of  our  Western  wits  can  produce  in 
honour  of  our  Country  a  famous  Stapledon,^^  Bishop  of  Exeter, 
and  worthy  Founder  of  Exon  College,  whose  large  bounty  was 
afterwards  seconded  (next  to  Edm.  Stafford}^  Bishop  of  Sarum, 
a  Western  Man)  by  the  pious  charge  and  liberality  of  Mr.  fohn 
Peryam}^  Sir  John  Acland}^  and  very  lately  by  Mr.  Dr. 
Hakewill,  whose  worth}'  Encomium  I  (though  unwillingly)  leave 
out,  lest  I  should  seem  rather  to  flatter  than  commend  his 
Worth.  But  what  needs  he  my  poor  Mention  ?  His  learned 
works  published  to  the  World,  and  his  Pious  Monuments 
bestowed  on  our  House,  spake  in  silence  more  than  I  can  utter 
out  of  the  highest  pitch  of  Invention.  To  all  which  I  might 
add  Mr.  Nicholas  WadhamP-  whose  Hberal  hand  having  aug- 
mented the  number  of  our  Colleges  with  an  absolute  and 
complete  Foundation,  has  left  Muses  enough  to  preserve  his 
Name  unto  eternity.  Had  I  the  hke  privilege  to  mention  the 
livmg  as  the  dead,  we  should  not  find  wanting  out  of  the  ashes 
of  the  generous  Heroes,  of  our  Devonian  confines,  many  genuine 
and  worthy  Sons  standing  up  in  their  Fathers'  places,  to  show 
the  world  a  succession  as  well  of  wts  as  of  times.  There  would 
appear  at  once  upon  the  stage  our  famous  Dr.  Sutdiffe,^  the 
worthy  Dean  of  Exeter,  whose  magnanimous  endeavours,  as 
well  in  his  learned  conflicts  with  pernicious  Romanists  as  in 
erecting  a  College  to  oppose  our  sworn  enemies,  the  Jesuits, 
will  (no  doubt)  lengthen  out  the  end  of  his  declining  age  with 
Fame  and  immortality.  I  could  offer  to  your  admiration  the 
Worth  and  Workes  of  our  renowned  Rector,  Dr.  Prideaux,^ 
His  Majesty's  learned  Professor  of  Divinity  in  our  University, 
in  whom  the  Heroical  wits  of  Jewell,  Rainolds,  and  Hooker, 
as  united  into  one,  seem  to  triumph  anew,  and  threaten  a  fatal 


Ireland.  **{i545-i6i3)  b.  at  Exeter.  ••(I26i-i326)  b.  at  Annery,  near 
Bideford.  *'(i344-i4i9)  a  Wilts  man,  bishop  of  Exeter  from  1395  ; 
d.  at  Bishop's-Clyst.  "Brother  of  Sir  William,  the  judge  (1534-1604), 
6.  at  Exeter,  "(rf.  1613)  b.  at  Acland,  Landkey.  *»(i578-i649)  6.  at 
Exeter  ;  rector  of  Exeter  Coll.,  Oxford.  *"(i532-i6o9)  b.  at  Branscombe. 
**A  Yorkshireman  ;  dean  of  Exeter  iiora.  1588  to  1629  ;  founded  his 
college  at  Chelsea  in  1609,  but  it  was  a  failure.  "(1578-1650)  b.  at  Harford, 
near  Ivybridge ;  rector  of  Exeter  Coll.,  1612-42,  professor  of  divinity. 


1 6  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 8 

blow  to  the  Babylonish  Hierarchy  ;  Insomuch  that  he  may 
justly  challenge  to  himself  that  glory  which  sometimes  Ovid 
speaking  of  his  own  country  : — 

Mantua  Virgil,  Verone  Catullus  praise, 
I  will  the  glory  of  the  Romans  raise. 

Neither  want  the  laws  of  our  Land,  out  of  this  one  source, 
sufficient  props  to  defend  their  Country's  and  the  Kingdom's 
right.  The  admired  sufficiency  of  Justia  Doddridge,'^  testified 
to  the  world  by  so  large  a  report,  and  expressed  in  his  incompar- 
able skill  in  the  Laws  (besides  his  endowment  of  Arts  and  other 
Learning,  seconded  by  the  deserved  Fame  of  Mr.  William  Noy^^) 
can  hardly  scape  my  pen,  being  so  deeply  dipped  in  the  middle 
of  my  Native  Country.  I  care  not  what  envy  I  stir  up  in 
others,  so  my  mother,  Exeter  College,  which  sometimes 
cherished  in  her  bosom  these  two  worthy  Darlings,  and  since 
found  her  courtesy  returned  back  with  interest,  indulgently 
permit  me  this  Hberty. 

Besides  these  choice  flowers  cropt  from  our  Hesperian  garden, 
no  question  but  many  more  would  be  found  out  alive  or  dead, 
whom  fame,  if  not  injurious,  cannot  suffer  to  sleep  without 
deserved  memory.  I  have  hitherto  touched  such  eminent  wits 
and  persons,  of  whom  for  their  profession  sake  the  Church  or 
Common-wealth  have  greater  reason  to  take  especiall  notice. 
Many  inferior  faculties  are  yet  left  wherein  our  Devon  hath 
displayed  her  abilities  as  well  as  in  the  former,  as  in  Philoso- 
phers, Historians,  Orators,  and  Poets,  the  blazoning  of  whom 
to  the  life,  especially  the  last,  I  had  rather  leave  to  my  worthy 
friend,  Mr.  W.  Browne^^  ;  who,  as  he  hath  already  honoured  his 
country  in  his  elegant  and  sweet  '  Pastorals,'  so  questionless 
will  easily  be  entreated  a  little  farther  to  grace  it,  by  drawing 
out  the  line  of  his  Poetic  Ancestors,  beginning  in  fosephus 
Iscanus^"^  and  ending  in  himself. 


1615-41,  bishop  of  Worcester,  1641.  "(1555-1628)  6.  at  Barnstaple  ; 
bur.  in  Exeter  Cath.  **A  Cornishman-;  attorney-general.  **(i59i-i643  }) 
b.  at  Tavistock.  *' Joseph  of  Exeter  [fl.  1190)  b.  at  Exeter  ;  Latin  poet, 
accompanied  archbp.  Baldwin  to  Palestine ;    wrote  De  Bello  Trojano. 


[c 


SYDNEY    SIMMONS.     ESQ..    J  P. 


opposite  />.  17. 


Two  London  Devonian  Benefactors  ly 

Two    London    Devonian    Benefactors. 

I. — Mr.    Sydney  Simmons,  J. P. 

A  GREAT  benefactor,  both  to  the  place  of  his  birth  in  Devon 
and  the  suburb  of  his  adoption  in  London,  is  Mr.Sydney  Simmons, 
J. P.,  "  a  man  who  has  the  head  to  make  money  and  the  heart 
to  give  it  away,"  as  Sir  William  Treloar,  when  Lord  Mayor  of 
London,  said  of  him  ten  years  ago.  The  occasion  was  a  com- 
plimentary banquet  and  the  presentation  of  the  freedom  of 
his  native  borough  of  Okehampton  to  Mr.  Simmons  in  recogni- 
tion of  his  munificent  gift  of  Simmons  Park  and  Simmons  Homes. 
Two  years  later  Mr.  Simmons  presented  another  park — Friary 
Park — to  Friem  Bamet,  in  North  London,  for  the  purpose  of  a 
public  recreation  ground,  at  a  cost  of  £7,500  ;  and,  the  death 
of  King  Edward  occurring  just  before  the  time  fixed  for  opening 
the  park  with  great  rejoicings,  he  added  a  memorial  to  the 
deceased  monarch  in  the  form  of  a  statue  of  "  Peace,"  mounted 
on  a  granite  base,  constructed  to  represent  a  Dartmoor  tor. 
Recently,  he  has  again  shown  his  generosity  to  his  native  town 
by  the  gift  of  Okehampton  Castle,  which  he  purchased  in  1906, 
and  has  since  thoroughly  explored  and  restored,  as  described 
in  the  two  excellent  articles  by  Dr.  Edward  H.  Young  in  the 
Devonian  Year  Books  for  1914  and  1915  respectively. 

Mr.  Simmons  was  born  in  the  lit<le  moorland  town  on  Septem- 
ber 10th,  1840.  His  father  carried  on  a  printing  business  next 
door  to  the  White  Hart  Hotel,  a  famous  stage  coach  hostelry 
on  the  Exeter  and  Plymouth  road.  Possibly  this  accounts 
for  the  fact  that  Mr.  Simmons  has  been  a  great  traveller — he 
thinks  he  must  have  been  born  a  traveller.  His  first  journey 
was  to  Exeter  with  his  mother,  in  a  wagon  drawn  by  three  horses, 
and,  starting  from  outside  the  Town  Hall  at  eight  in  the  evening, 
they  reached  Exeter  at  seven  the  next  morning.  His  next 
journey  was  to  a  school  in  Lincolnshire,  where  he  stayed  four 
or  five  years,  returning  in  time  to  see  the  Great  Exhibition  of 
1851.  After  spending  some  years  in  Devonport  and  Plymouth, 
he  came  to  London  in  1862.  Here  he  soon  "  fell  on  his  feet," 
and  became  the  representative  of  a  carpet  manufacturer,  his 
business  duties  taking  him  to  the  United  States  and  to  Canada. 
On  his  first  visit  to  Boston  his  steamer  crossed  in  7  days  and 
22  hours — then  a  record  time.  Fifty  times  he  crossed  the 
Atlantic,  travelling  on  an  average  30,000  miles  a  year  for  many 
years. 

2 


i8  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

To  quote  his  own  words  in  returning  thanks  at  the  banquet 
above-mentioned  :  "I  think  I  may  fairly  claim  to  have  worked 
hard,  but  I  have  also  had  my  share  of  pleasure  out  of  hfe,  as 
well  as  some  adventure.  I  have  been  in  accidents  by  rail  and 
steamboat,  and  have  had  experiences  in  hotel  fires  as  well  as 
city  fires.  I  have  taken  dinner  in  the  mammoth  caves  of  Ken- 
tucky, and  have  been  on  a  steamboat  that  has  stuck  on  the 
sawdust  banks  of  the  river  Ottawa.  I  have  smoked  my  pipe 
in  the  wigwam  of  a  North  American  Indian,  and  have  danced 
with  niggers  on  a  Mississippi  boat.  I  was  nearly  a  week  on 
an  ice  floe,  surrounded  by  icebergs,  on  my  way  to  Newfoundland. 
I  have  visited  most  of  the  towns  on  the  Continent,  have  had  a 
gamble  at  Monte  Carlo,  and  fished  in  Norway.  Switzerland 
I  know  almost  as  well  as  I  know  Dartmoor.  I  have  been  out- 
side and  inside  the  pyramids  of  Egypt,  have  snapped  caravans 
of  camels  on  the  way  from  Fez  to  Morocco,  and  the  King  of 
Spain  and  his  mother  in  the  park  at  Madrid.  I  have  taken 
coffee  with  Arabs  on  the  sand  dunes  of  the  great  Sahara  desert, 
but  never  felt  so  big,  nearly  eight  feet  high,  as  when  I  hstened 
to  the  drums  and  fifes  of  H.M.  regiment  coming  down  the  narrow 
streets  and  echoing  in  the  great  Rock  of  Gibraltar.  Devonians, 
it  is  said,  never  forget  their  beloved  Devon,  no  matter  where 
they  may  be,  and,  as  something  of  a  traveller  myself,  I  can 
attest  that  wherever  I  have  met  a  man  of  Devon  I  have  met 
a  friend  ;  whether  it  has  been  amidst  the  bustle  of  the  great 
cities  of  the  United  States,  within  hearing  of  the  thunder  of 
Niagara,  or  under  the  shadow  of  the  Egyptian  Pyramids,  Devon 
has  ever  been  a  magic  word — an  open  sesame  to  the  heart  of 
the  exile." 

After  relinquishing  his  business  as  a  traveller,  Mr.  Simmons 
returned  to  London,  and  was  very  successful  as  the  managing 
director  of  a  large  carpet-cleaning  firm.  His  house  at  Friern 
Barnet  is  appropriately  named  "  Okehampton,"  and  here  he  has 
resided  for  about  30  years,  but  always  he  had  a  warm  comer  in 
his  heart  for  his  native  moorland  town,  for  ever  watched  by  Yes 
Tor  and  Cosdon,  two  of  the  highest  points  on  Dartmoor.  "  To 
all  Devonians  Dartmoor  is  a  name  to  conjure  with,  but  to  many 
of  those  who  have  never  visited  beautiful  Devon  it  is  not  much 
more  than  a  name,  conveying  to  some  just  an  impression  of  a 
vast  bleak  moor,  to  others  an  idea  of  flatness  with  fog  and  bog, 
wild  cattle,  and,  most  sinister  of  all,  a  place  of  dreadful  captivity 
for  desperate  criminals.  How  different  are  the  emotions  evoked 
by  the  name  of  Dartmoor  in  the  breast  of  the  man  of  Devon 
exiled  from  his  native  soil.  To  such  a  one,  who,  perhaps,  spent 
his  boyhood  close  to  the  moor,  as  did  Mr.  Simmons,  the  very 


/g" 


} 


JOHN    COLES.    ESQ..    J. P. 


Opposite  p.  iq. 


Two  London  Devonian  Benefactors  19 

name  brings  back  memories  of  happy  days  spent  in  long  tramps 
and  panting  climbs  over  the  moor  and  up  the  tors  ;  of  jolly 
days'  fishing  and  catching  the  trout  that  flash  like  arrows  across 
the  pools  of  the  moorland  streams,  of  adventurous  days  when 
wrapped  in  fog  the  tors  loomed  gigantic  and  indefinite,  whilst 
the  well-remembered  way  assumed  new  and  strange  aspects, 
and  the  lad  of  Devon  would  begin  to  think  of  all  he  had  been 
told  of  fairy  and  pixy.  Then  the  fog  would  roll  away,  and  the 
gorgeous  sunlit  scene  would  be  once  more  disclosed  to  view." 
Mr.  Simmons  shares  with  Charles  Kingsley  that  "  intense  love 
of  his  own  country  which  is  the  root  of  all  true  patriotism, 
valour,  ci\dlization."  The  park  which  he  presented  to  Oke- 
hampton  in  July,  1907,  is  romantic,  with  many  points  of  beauty, 
enshrined  in  the  valley  of  the  East  Ockment  ;  and  within  its 
bounds  are  three  blocks  of  homes  which  are  settled  on  a  Simmons' 
Home  Trust,  with  a  hberal  endowment.  The  Castle  stands  on  a 
rocky  mound  surrounded  by  trees,  with  the  West  Ockment  wind- 
ing at  its  base  ;  as  it  is  outside  the  borough,  the  formation  of  a 
trust  was  necessary,  and  £1,000  has  been  invested  for  the  upkeep 
of  the  grounds,  so  that  there  will  be  no  expense  to  the  ratepayers. 

With  reference  to  Friary  Park,  it  was  described  by  a  district 
councillor  as  "  one  of  the  little  pictures  of  Middlesex."  It 
formed  part  of  the  principal  manor  of  Friem  Barnet,  which  was 
in  ancient  times  one  of  the  extensive  possessions  of  the  Priory 
of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem.  Sir  William  Weston,  the  last  of  the 
Priors,  held  a  court  there  in  1539,  and  Henry  VHI,  after  the 
dissolution,  granted  the  manor  'to  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of 
St.  Paul's,  in  whose  possession  it  remained  until  1800,  when  it 
was  purchased  by  John  Bacon,  Esq.,  the  lessee. 

But  Mr.  Simmons'  generosity  is  not  limited  to  such  objects 
as  these.  In  1909,  when  many  people  were  out  of  work,  his 
firm  supplied  soup  and  bread  to  from  300  to  400  poor  children 
for  months,  five  days  a  week,  the  staff  giving  their  dinner  hour 
to  attend  to  them.  On  July  15th,  1915,  a  "  Court  of  Roses  " 
was  held  on  the  lawn  of  Mr.  Simmons'  house  in  aid  of  the  Serbian 
Relief  Fund,  and  realized  the  sum  of  £80.  On  August  11th, 
1917,  Mr.  Simmons  entertained  65  Devonian  wounded  soldiers 
from  London  Hospitals  at  a  Garden  Party,  which  is  more  fully 
described  in  the  report  of  the  County  Folk  Visitation  Committee. 

II.— Mr.    John    Coles,    J. P. 

Among  the  Devonians  of  the  Metropolis,  Mr.  John  Coles,  J. P., 
now  in  the  85th  year  of  his  age,  and  still  in  the  full  enjoyment 
of  vigorous  health  and  mental  activity,   holds  an  honoured 


20  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

place.  He  comes  of  a  good  Devon  stock,  his  father  being  an 
agriculturist  of  repute,  and  his  mother  a  member  of  the  old 
Devonshire  family  of  Tidboald.  Born  at  Washfield,  within 
sound  of  the  Tiverton  church  bells,  he  was  sent  to  school,  first 
at  Tiverton  and  subsequently  at  Exeter.  His  journeys  to  and 
from  the  cathedral  city  by  stage  coach  are  still  fresh  in  his 
memory  after  the  lapse  of  more  than  70  years.  His  real  educa- 
tion came  in  the  great  school  of  London  business  life.  In  the 
year  1850,  at  the  age  of  16,  on  the  nomination  of  a  relative  (the 
late  Mr.  G.  H.  Pinckard),  he  entered  the  office  of  a  life  assurance 
company  in  the  Metropolis  at  a  salary  of  ;^40  a  year.  From 
that  day  to  this  his  career  has  been  one  of  honourable  advance- 
ment. Devoting  himself  to  the  study  of  mathematics  and  other 
kindred  subjects,  he  passed  in  three  successive  years  (1853-6) 
the  examinations  of  the  Institute  of  Actuaries,  of  which  he 
afterwards  became  a  Fellow.  In  1863  he  was  admitted  a  member 
of  the  Stock  Exchange,  joining  the  firm  of  J.  and  J.  Whitehead 
(now  Whitehead  and  Coles),  of  which  he  was  for  many  years 
the  head.  The  honour  he  achieved  in  the  City  was  shown  in  a 
variety  of  ways — notably  by  his  election  to  the  directorate  of 
several  important  and  influential  Companies,  including  the 
Clerical,  Medical,  and  General  Life  Assurance  Company,  the 
General  Reversionary  Company,  and  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
(in  the  interests  of  which  he  several  times  visited  Canada).  He 
was  Chairman  of  the  East  and  West  India  Docks  Committee 
in  1888.  In  1903,  by  the  unanimous  vote  of  his  colleagues,  he 
was  chosen  Chairman  of  the  Clerical,  Medical,  and  General 
Assurance  Company  ;  and  his  speeches  at  the  annual  meetings 
of  the  institution  have  always  been  marked  by  a  thorough 
mastery  of  the  problems  of  world  finance. 

Mr.  Coles  was  in  1884  adopted  as  the  prospective  Liberal 
candidate  for  Tiverton  ;  but  before  an  election  took  place,  the 
borough  lost  its  separate  representation  and  became  the  centre 
of  a  county  division.  In  1885  he  contested  the  St.  Albans 
division  of  Hertfordshire.  In  1890  he  was  made  a  J. P.  for  the 
County  of  London.  He  is  a  Past  Master  of  the  Wheelwrights' 
Company.  He  married  in  1863,  Amelia,  daughter  of  Mr.  F. 
Lermitte,  of  Brighton,  who  died  about  20  years  ago.  He  has  a 
family  of  five  sons  and  four  daughters. 

When  in  the  first  week  in  August,  1914,  war  broke  out, 
Mr.  Coles  was  one  of  the  financiers  personally  consulted  by 
the  then  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  as  to  the  measures  to 
be  taken  to  prevent  panic  and  to  safeguard  the  interests  of 
the  country. 

To  enumerate  in  detail  the  many  benefactions  which  Tiverton 


Two  London  Devonian  Benefactors  21 

has  received  from  Mr.  Coles  would  be  to  mention  almost  every 
public  and  philanthropic  movement  in  this  borough  for  the 
past  thirty  years.  By  a  gift  of  £1,000  in  1887  he  secured  for 
the  borough  the  site  of  a  beautiful  park,  to  the  equipment  and 
adornment  of  which  he  gave  further  generous  contributions. 
The  Technical,  Science,  and  Art  School  has  from  time  to  time 
been  munificently  aided  by  Mr.  Coles  :  thanks  to  his  generosity 
it  is  equipped  with  a  first-class  gymnasium,  housed  in  an  historic 
building  bequeathed  to  the  town  by  a  pious  benefactor  more 
than  300  years  ago.  The  Tiverton  Hospital  has  on  many 
occasions  benefited  by  Mr.  Coles's  bounty  :  notably  by  the 
acquisition  of  an  up-to-date  laundry,  a  nurses'  block  (known 
as  the  "  Coles  Institute  "),  and  the  augmentation  of  the  endow- 
ment by  £1,000,  the  gift  of  Mr.  Coles  in  1909.  Blundell's  School, 
Tiverton,  of  which  Mr.  Coles  is  a  Governor  and  Vice-Chairman, 
is  indebted  to  him  for  a  physics  laboratory,  costing  about  £1,000  : 
also  for  a  donation  of  £500  towards  the  cost  of  an  extension 
necessitated  by  the  growth  and  progress  of  the  School.  A  portrait 
of  the  late  Archbishop  Temple,  by  Herkomer,  a  replica  of  which 
hangs  in  Lambeth  Palace,  adorns  the  Big  School  at  Blundell's  : 
it  was  the  gift  of  Mr.  Coles  at  the  School  Tercentenary  (1904). 
Among  the  rewards  competed  for  every  year  at  Blundell's  are 
the  "  Coles  Memorial  Prizes "  for  mathematics.  The  entire 
expense  of  restoring  the  tower  and  bells  of  Washfield  parish 
church  was  defrayed  by  Mr.  Coles.  His  benefactions  to  the 
Poplar  Hospital,  the  Union  Jack  Club,  and  other  national 
institutions,  have  been  on  an  equally  munificent  scale. 

Of  Mr.  Coles's  private  acts  of  kindness  and  generosity  many 
delightful  incidents  could  be  recorded,  were  it  not  for  the  fact 
that  it  has  ever  been  his  practice  (in  the  words  of  one  of  his 
favourite  poets,  from  whose  writings  he  often  quotes),  "to  do 
good  by  stealth,  and  blush  to  find  it  fame."  One  of  his  oldest 
friends  has  spoken  of  him  thus  :  "He  has  always  had  a  good 
hard  head,  an  exceedingly  soft  heart,  and  he  has  gone  about 
during  the  whole  of  his  lifetime  doing  good." 

In  1903  Mr.  Coles  was  presented  with  the  honorary  freedom 
of  the  borough  of  Tiverton,  a  distinction  which  he  shared  with 
the  then  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  (Frederick  Temple)  and 
the  then  Lord  Chancellor  (the  Earl  of  Halsbury).  In  a  speech 
on  that  interesting  occasion  Mr.  Coles  spoke  thus  in  praise  of 
his  native  county  : — 

"  I  love  Devonshire,  with  its  fertile  valleys,  its  orchards,  its 
red  sandstone,  its  people,  and  the  remarkable  place  it  occupies 
in  our  island  story. 


22  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

'  Oh,  'tis  a  sweet  and  fair  land. 

Oh,  'tis  a  rich  and  rare  land, 

Yes,  'tis  a  rare  and  fair  land. 

This  native  land  of  mine.' 

^'  We  Devonians  are  almost  as  clannish  as  the  Scotch,  and 
I  hope  this  may  never  die  !  A  friend  has  sent  me  the  following 
lines  from  Westward  Ho  ! — 

'  It  was  among  the  ways  of  good  Queen  Bess, 
Who  ruled  as  well  as  ever  mortal  can.  Sir, 
When  she  was  stogg'd,  and  the  country  in  a  mess. 
She  was  wont  to  send  for  a  Devon  man.  Sir.'  " 


Men    of    Devon. 


This  county,  as  it  is  populous,  so  are  the  natives  of  a  good  and 
healthy  constitution  of  body  ;  of  proportion  and  stature  gener- 
ally tall,  strong,  and  well  compact  ;  active  and  apt  for  any 
forcible  exercises  ;  (and  if  I  may  leave  to  borrow  a  stranger's 
words  in  their  encomium),  bold,  martial,  haughty  of  heart, 
prodigal  of  life,  constant  in  affections,  courteous  to  strangers, 
yet  greedy  of  glory  and  honour. 

For  martial  affairs,  by  land  or  sea,  forward  and  valiant 
and,  as  a  great  and  noble  commander  of  late  times  said  of  one, 
(intimating,  as  it  seemed,  the  like  in  general,)  in  service,  painful ; 
in  peril,  resolute  ;    in  action,  industrious ;    in  execution,  quick 
and  ready  ;  in  council,  provident ;  fierce,  yet  with  judgment. 

Thomas  Westcote, 
View  of  Devonshire  in  1630. 


Devon  Land — A  Song  of  Exile  23 


Devon  Land — A  Song  of  Exile. 

[These  verses  may  be  sung  to  the  tune  of  "  Auld  Lang  Syne,"  or  "  Ella- 
combe  "  (A.  and  M. — 366),  repeating  the  second  half  of  tune  for  chorus.] 

O  Western  land  !    O  Devon  land  ! 

Land  of  the  good  red  earth  ! 
None  like  thy  sons  so  proudly  boast 

The  soil  that  gave  them  birth  : 
No  fresh-turned  fallow  otherwhere 

Such  wealth  of  coloiu*  yields ; 
No  air  so  fragrant  with  the  breath 

Of  fertile-furrowed  fields. 

Chorus : 

Though  other  lands  are  fair  to  see  ; 

Though  far  from  thee  we  roam  ; 
Queen  of  our  hearts  thou  still  shall  be — ■ 

Our  own  dear  Devon  home  ! 

O  Western  land  !     O  Devon  land  ! 

Land  of  the  frequent  hill  ! 
In  camp  and  trench,  'neath  Indian  skies, 

To  thee  our  thoughts  turn  stiU  : 
In  dreams  we  tread  thy  fern-fringed  lanes — 

Close-screened  by  hedgerows  deep — 
And  view  again  the  prospect  spread 

Around  thy  hillsides  steep. 

Though  other  lands,  etc. 

O  Western  land  !     O  Devon  land  ! 

Land  of  the  upland  moor  ! 
Where  Devon's  sons  on  Devon's  breast 

Find  welcome  ever  sure  : 
There  golden  gorse-blooms  cheerly  gleam  ; 

There  purple  heather  glows  ; 
And  billowy  brakes  of  bracken  sway 

With  every  breeze  that  blows. 

Though  other  lands,  etc. 


The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


O  Western  land  !    O  Devon  land  ! 

Land  of  the  granite  crovm  ! 
Thy  cloud-kissed  tors,  like  sentinels, 

On  coombe  and  cleeve  look  down  : 
Through  changing  centuries,  unchanged, 

Those  silent  watchers  stand  ; 
Enduring  as  the  love  that  links 

Our  hearts  to  thee,  dear  land  ! 

Though  other  lands,  etc. 

O  Western  land  !     O  Devon  land  ! 

Land  of  the  winding  stream  ! 
Not  Eden's  rivers  flowed  more  fair. 

Thy  yearning  exiles  deem  : 
Of  Tamar,  Torridge,  Taw,  and  Teign, 

Of  Exe,  and  Dart,  and  Yealm, 
Of  Erme  and  Avon,  Culme  and  Lyn, 

The  thronging  memories  whelm. 

Though  other  lands,  etc. 

O  Western  land  !     O  Devon  land  ! 

Land  of  blue  sea  and  sky  ! 
The  wave-washed  cliffs  with  wooded  slopes. 

In  varied  beauty  vie  : 
The  western  winds  still  sweep  thy  shores — 

O'er  Channel,  Bay,  and  Sound — 
As  when  they  wafted  homeward  those 

Who  first  the  world  sailed  round. 

Though  other  lands,  etc. 

O  Western  land  !    O  Devon  land  ! 

Land  of  the  sea-dog  breed  ! 
How  should  the  sons  of  heroes  fail. 

In  England's  hour  of  need  ? 
On  Polar  ice,*  on  sun-browned  veldt, f 

On  ocean,  and  in  air. 
And  where  the  trenches  scar  the  soil, — 

Still  grows  thy  record  there. 

Though  other  lands,  etc. 


•  Captain  Scott.  f  Wagon  Hill,  S.A. 


Devon  Land — A  Song  of  Exile  25 

O  Western  land  !     O  Devon  land  ! 

Land  of  all  lands  the  queen  ! 
Now,  as  of  yore,  thy  stalwart  sons 

In  farthest  climes  are  seen  : 
But  north,  and  south,  and  east,  and  west. 

Thy  liegemen  all  are  we  ; 
E^rth  has  no  land  that  can  compare, 

Dear  Devon  land,  with  thee  ! 

Chorus : 

Though  other  lands  are  fair  to  see  ; 
Though  far  from  thee  we  roam  ; 
'  Queen  of  our  hearts  thou  still  shalt  be — 
Our  own  dear  Devon  home  ! 

Cullompton.  C.  H.  Morgan. 


I 


Devonshire    Scenery. 

It  is  the  simple  truth  to  say  that  Devon  contains  scenery  of  a 
beauty  which  is  not  surpassed,  and  of  a  variety  that  is  nowhere 
equalled,  in  all  England.  Hills,  the  beauty  of  whose  outline 
conceals  their  want  of  altitude  ;  deep  and  fertile  valleys,  through 
which  flow  streams  and  rivers  of  extraordinary  beauty,  now 
flashing  down  swift  and  brown  and  foam-flecked  from  the  moor, 
now  gliding  among  richly  wooded  pasture,  now  issuing  in  har- 
bours where  the  great  tradition  of  sea  power  has  lain  unques- 
tioned during  untold  centuries  ;  a  coast  line,  which  when  low 
falls  into  sunny  bays  of  exquisite  charm,  and  when  lofty  rises 
into  unmatched  grandeur  ;  a  stem  and  rugged  upland  of  vast 
extent,  all  glorious  with  furze  and  fern  and  purple  heather,  a 
wonderland  of  tradition  and  romance,  the  background  of  almost 
every  landscape  in  Devon — could  anyone  look  out  over  such  a 
noble  country  without  some  swelling  of  the  heart,  some  sympathy 
with  the  pride  of  those  who  feel  it  is  their  own  land,  the  one  in 
which  both  they  and  their  fathers  before  them  came  to  life  ? 

A.  H.  Norway, 
Highways  and  Byways  in  Devon  and  Cornwall. 


26  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


2)ieb  for  tbeir  Country. 

Adams. — Died  on  April  22, 19 17,  of  wounds  received  in  Mesopotamia, 
Capt.  R.  M.  Adams,  —  Sikhs,  son  of  W.  Adams,  of  Plymouth. 

Albrecht. — Killed  in  action  on  Aug.  2,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  John 
Ernest  North  Albrecht,  R  J'.A.,  son  of  Charles  Edwin  Albrecht, 
of  Plympton,  age  19. 

Allin. — Died  on  Dec.  13,  191 7,  from  wounds  received  in  action, 
2nd  Lieut.  Harold  Wyse  Allin,  King's  Shropshire  Light  Infan- 
try, son  of  Mr.  Allin,  of  Loddiswell,  age  28. 

Balkwill. — Killed  in  action  in  France  on  April  9,  1917,  2nd  Lieut. 
William  Homiman  Balkwill,  Wilts  Regt.,  son  of  Charles  H. 
Balkwill,  of  Kingsbridge,  age  25. 

Bate. — Killed  in  action  on  Aug.  13,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Maurice 
Charles  Thornton  Bate,  London  Regt.,  son  of  the  Vicar  of 
Chittlehampton,  age  19. 

Bellamy. — Killed  in  action  on  April  2,  1917,  Lieut.  David  Hum- 
phrey Bellamy,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Major  C.  V.  Bellamy,  of 
Crapstone,  South  Devon. 

Bennett. — Killed  in  an  air  engagement  on  April  29,  1917,  Flight 
Sub-Lieut.  Samuel  L.  Bennett,  R.N.,  son  of  Mr.  Bennett,  of 
Tipton  St.  John's,  age  25. 

Bennett. — Killed  in  action  before  May  8,  191 7,  Lieut.  Vere  Ray- 
mond Bennett,  Sherwood  Foresters,  attached  Machine  Gun 
Corps,  son  of  H.  R.  Bennett,  of  Whitchurch,  Tavistock. 

Blake. — Killed  on  Oct.  4,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  John  Morgan  Blake, 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Dr.  Morgan  Dix  Blake,  age  19. 

Bolitho. — Killed  on  Oct.  25,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Godfrey  Richard 
Bolitho,  Devon  Regt.,  attached  Royal  Flying  Corps,  son  of 
the  late  Capt.  Edward  Bolitho,  R.N.,  and  of  Mrs.  Bolitho, 
Rockbear  House,  Exeter,  age  24. 

Brearlev. — Killed  on  June  20,  191 7,  Capt.  Arthur  Joseph  Brearley, 
Devon  Regt.,  transferred  to  Royal  Engineers,  son  of  Mr. 
Brearley,  of  Small  Heath,  Birmingham,  age  27. 

Butcher. — Killed  in  action  on  June  11,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Gilbert 
T.  Butcher,  North  Staffs  Regt.,  son  of  G.  P.  Butcher,  of  South 
Brent,  age  29. 

Cain. — Killed  in  action  on  July  31,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Ernest  William 
Cain,  Wilts  Regt.  son  of  the  late  J.  Cain,  of  Plymouth,  age  19. 

Caley. — Mortally  wounded  on  Aug.  22,  1917,  Capt.  Vernon  Chris- 
topher Russell  Caley,  M.C.,  Royal  Warwick  Regt.,  son  of  Rev. 
W.  B.  Russell  Caley,  formerly  vicar  of  St.  Matthias,  Plymouth. 

Calkin. — Killed  in  action  in  France  on  April  9,  1917,  2nd  Lieut. 
John  Ernest  Calkin,  Northumberland  Fusiliers,  attached 
Tyneside  Scottish,  son  of  Mr.  Calkin,  of  Salcombe,  age  25. 


Died  Jot  their  Country  27 


Clapham. — Died  from  wounds  received  in  action  on  March  27, 
1917,  Lieut.  Barnard  Aubrey  Clapham,  Essex  Regt.,  of  Ply- 
mouth, son  of  the  late  A.  H.  Clapham,  of  Woodford  Bridge, 
Essex,  age  38. 

Clark. — Died  on  Nov.  20,  191 7,  from  wounds  received  in  action 
in  Palestine,  Major  F.  A  Clark,  of  Mannamead,  Plymouth, 
age  44. 

Clark. — Killed  on  May  3,  191 7,  Lieut.  Henry  Featherstone  Clark, 
Devon  Regt.,  attached  Gloucester  Regt.,  son  of  Henry  Atwood 
Clark,  of  Yelverton,  age  23, 

Clarke. — Killed  in  action  in  France  on  May  6,  191 7,  Lieut.  Stanley 
Vingoe  Clarke,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  William  Clarke, 
of  Saltash,  age  28. 

Cohen. — Died  in  France  on  Aug.  11,  191 7,  from  wounds  received 
in  action,  Lieut,  (temp.  Capt.)  John  Icely  Cohen,  Devon  Regt., 
of  Plymouth,  age  25. 

Coupland-Smith. — Killed  on  July  2,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Frederic 
Vyoyan  Coupland-Smith,  Royal  Field  Artillery,  son  of  F.  G. 
Coupland-Smith,  of  Sampford  Peverell,  age  21. 

Cox. — Died  in  hospital  from  illness  contracted  at  the  Front,  before 
March  20,  1917,  Capt.  Eustace  Richard  Alan  Calthrop  Cox, 
M.C.,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Rev.  W.  E.  Cox,  of  Dartington, 
bom  at  Lynton,  age  30. 

CuMMiNG. — Killed  in  action  in  France  before  May  19,  191 7,  2nd 
Lieut.  Ijonel  George  Gumming,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Mr.  gum- 
ming, of  Plympton. 

Dalbv. — Died  at  Basra  on  Oct.  14,  191 7,  after  an  operation.  Major 
Herbert  E.  Dalby,  R.A.M.C.,  of  St.  Marychurch,  son  of  the 
late  Dr.  Dalby,  R.N.,  of  Torquay. 

Day. — Died  of  wounds  on  April  11,  1917,  Lieut. -Col.  T.  H.  Bingham 
Day,  Devon  Regt. 

Drewe. — Killed  in  action  on  July  12,  191 7,  Major  Adrian  Drewe, 
Royal  Garrison  Artillery,  son  of  J .  C.  Drewe,  of  Drewsteignton. 

Duncan. — Killed  on  May  9,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Kenneth  Duncan, 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of  John  Duncan,  of  Hove,  age  24. 

Durham. — Killed  at  sea  on  March  23,  191 7,  Lieut.  Arthur  Edwin 
Durham,  R.N.,  son  of  Prebendary  Durham,  of  Newton  Abbot, 
age  28.  He  was  on  active  service  in  the  Persian  Gulf  in  1910-1 1 
and  on  the  East  Coast  of  Africa,  for  which  he  received  the 
SomaUIand  and  Persian  Gulf  medals. 

Ede. — Killed  in  action  on  Dec.  12,  1917,  Engr.-Lieut. -Commander 
Ernest  Grant  Ede,  R.N.,  of  H.M.S.  PelUw,  son  of  the  late 
Commander  J.  Gordon  Ede,  of  Paignton. 

Edwardes. — Killed  in  action  on  Feb.  6,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Henry 
Frederick  Edgecumbe  Edwardes,  B.A.,  Duke  of  Cornwall's 
Light  Infantrj',  son  of  Edgecumbe  Edwardes,  of  Crediton. 


28  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


Etheredge. — Killed  in  action  on  July  13,  1917,  Lieut.  Eckley  O. 
Etheredge,  Royal  Field  Artillery,  son  of  A.  E.  Etheredge,  of 
Plymouth. 

EwEN. — Killed  in  East  Africa  on  Jan.  24,  191 7,  Lieut.  Guy  C.  Ewen, 
Nigerian  Regt.,  son  of  Walter  C.  H.  Ewen,  of  Tiverton,  age  27. 

Farmar-Cotgrave. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  6,  1917,  Lieut. 
Montague  Lewis  Farmar-Cotgrave,  Canadians,  son  of  R.  de  M. 
Farmar-Cotgrave,  of  Plymouth,  age  24. 

Ferguson. — Died  of  wounds  on  Sept.  23,  1917,  Capt.  Harry  H.  E. 
Ferguson,  Highland  Light  Infantry,  son  of  G.  Ferguson,  of 
Plymouth,  age  29. 

Fletcher-Watson. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  4,  1917,  Lieut. 
Humphrey  John  Fletcher-Watson,  Australian  Infantry,  son 
of  the  late  P.  Fletcher- Watson,  of  Paignton,  age  40. 

Foster. — Killed  in  action  on  April  14,  191 7,  Capt.  Douglas  Cameron 
Foster,  Scottish  Rifles,  son  of  the  late  Brigadier -General  T.  D. 
Foster  and  of  Mrs.  Foster,  Salcombe. 

Fox. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  17,  1917,  Lieut. -Commander  Charles 
Leonard  Fox,  R.N.,  son  of  the  late  Henry  Charles  Fox,  of 
Plymouth,  age  33. 

Galton. — Killed  on  April  23,  19 17,  Lieut.  Francis  William  Joseph 
Galton,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Major  Galton,  of  Droitwich,  age  21. 

Gameson. — Killed  on  March  17,  19 17,  2nd  Lieut.  George  Henry 
Molyneux  Gameson,  Northumberland  Fusiliers,  son  of  the 
late  John  Herbert  Gameson,  of  Yealmpton,  age  24. 

Gascoyne-Cecil. — Killed  in  action  on  Dec.  i,  1917,  Lieut.  Randle 
Gascoyne-Cecil,  Trench  Mortars,  son  of  the  Bishop  of  Exeter, 
age  28. 

Gibson. — Died  of  wounds  on  Oct.  17,  191 7,  Capt.  (temp.  Lieut. - 
Col.)  Harold  Gibson,  R.A.M.C.,  son  of  Surg.  Lieut.-Col.  G.  J. 
Gibson,  A. M.S.,  of  Totnes,  age  33. 

Gloster. — Killed  in  action  on  Nov.  6,  191 7,  Lieut.  Gerald  Charles 
Edward  Gloster,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Brigadier-General  G.  M. 
Gloster,  C.M.G.,  late  Devon  Regt.,  age  20. 

Gould. — Killed  by  submarine  on  Dec.  13,  191 7,  Sub- Lieut.  William 
Henry  FeUx  Gould,  R.N.R.,  son  of  C.  Gould,  of  Tavistock, 
age  24. 

Gribble.—^- Killed  in  action  on  Nov.  30,  191 7,  Lieut.  Charles  Herbert 
Gribble,  The  Buffs,  attached  Royal  Guernsey  Light  Infantry, 
son  of  the  late  H.  E.  Gribble,  sohcitor,  and  of  Mrs.  Gribble, 
South  Brent,  age  28. 

Griffin. — Died  in  hospital  on  Oct.  11,  1917,  as  the  result  of  an 
accident  while  flying,  Capt.  Cecil  S.  J.  Griffin,  Gordon  High- 
landers, attached  Royal  Flying  Corps,  son  of  Lieut.-Col.  C.  P.  G. 
Griffin,  of  Brad  worthy,  age  22. 

Hacker. — Killed  on  active  service  on  Oct.  26.  191 7,  Capt.  Norman 
Hacker,  Dorset  Regt.,  son  of  Sidney  Hacker,  of  Newton  Abbot. 
A  well-known  Devon  County  Rugby  footballer. 


Died  fcr  their  Country  29 


Hambly. — Killed  in  action  in  France  on  May  14,  1917,  2nd  Lieut. 
Dudley  Charles  Hambly,  Dorset  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  A.  G. 
Hambly,  of  Plymouth,  age  26. 

Harris. — Killed  in  action  on  July  31,  1917,  Capt.  Arthur  Lea 
Harris,  Loyal  North  Lancashire  Regt.,  son  of  Rev.  S.  F.  Harris, 
of  Cotleigh. 

Harvey- James. — Killed  in  action  on  April  14,  191 7,  Capt.  Arthur 
Keedwil  Harvey-James,  East  Kent  Regt.,  son  of  the  late 
Stephen  Harvey-James,  LC.S.,  and  of  Mrs.  Harvey-James, 
Westward  Ho.  Was  on  the  stage  as  Scott  Craven,  and  wrote 
several  books  under  that  name. 

Hawker. — Died  from  wounds  on  Nov.  9,  191 7,  Capt.  Reginald  S. 
Hawker,  Yeomanry  Machine  Gun  Company,  son  of  Ernest  W. 
Hawker,   of   Ivybridge. 

Hearn. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  18,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Leonard 
W.  Hearn,  Devon  and  Cornwall  Light  Infantry,  late  Devon 
Regt.,  son  of  J.  E.  Hearn,  of  Dartmouth,  age  27. 

Hepburn. — Died  from  wounds  on  Aug.  3,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Roger 
Paul  Hepburn,  M.C  ,  R.E.,  son  of  the  late  Sir  Henry  Hepburn 
and  of  Lady  Hepburn,  of  Bradninch,  age  24. 

Hext. — Killed  oh  April  28-29,  1917.  2nd  Lieut.  Thomas  Marwood 
Hext,  King's  Royal  Rifles,  son  of  Lieut. -Col.  F".  M.  Hext,  of 
Pinhoe,  age  19. 

Hine-Haycock. — Killed  on  May  3.  191 7,  Capt.  Ralph  Hugh  Hine- 
Haycock,  Yorkshire  Light  Infantry,  son  of  Col.  R.  W.  Hine- 
Haycock,  of  Sidmouth,  age  25. 

Hockaday. — Killed  in  action  in  Belgium  on  Oct.  10,  1917,  2nd 
Lieut.  Harold  F.  H.  L.  Hockaday,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  F.  T. 
Hockaday,  of  Truro,  age  23. 

Hodge. — Killed  in  action  on  July  31,  191 7,  Lieut.  Andrew  B. 
Hodge,  Leinster  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  M.  Hodge,  of 
St.  Luke's,  Plymouth,  age  24. 

HoLDSWORTH. — Killed  on  May  8,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Charles  John 
Holdsworth,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Lieut.  J.  W.  Holdsworth, 
late  of  Clapham  Park,  age  33. 

HoRSFALL. — Killed  on  Oct.  9,  191 7,  Lieut. -Col.  A.  G.  Horsfall, 
D.S.O.,  Duke  of  Welhngton's  Regt.,  son  of  J.  G.  Horsfall, 
CLE.,  of  Exmouth,  age  41. 

Hudson. — Died  from  wounds  on  Feb.  13,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Edward 
Stanley  Hudson,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Rev.  E.  F.  W.  Hudson, 
of  Saunton,  age  24. 

Hussey. — Killed  in  action  on  March  25,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Harold 
E.  Hussey,  Devon  Regt..  attached  Manchester  Regt.,  son  of 
Rev.  James  Hussey,  of  Torquay. 

Inchbald. — Killed  in  action  on  April  2,  1917,  Capt.  John  C.  E. 
Inchbald,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Chantrey  Inchbald,  Thurlestone. 

Jacob. — Killed  in  action  in  France  on  Nov.  29,  1917,  Lieut.  Cecil 
Otway  Reed  Jacob,  Devon  Regt.,  attached  Lincolns,  son  of 
Major  Jacob,  of  Aldershot,  age  26. 


30  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


James. — Killed  on  May  3,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Kenneth  Lister  James, 
The  Buffs,  son  of  Rev.  C.  L.  James,  of  Broad  Hembury, 
age  28. 

Jones. — Killed  on  March  26,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Evelyn  Llewellyn 
Hustler  Jones,  Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers,  of  Teigngrace,  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  Owen  Jones  and  of  Mrs.  Jones,  Newton  Abbot. 

JuPE. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  26,  1917,  Capt.  Charles  Eric  Jupe, 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of  C.  W.  Jupe,  of  Winscombe,  Somerset, 
age  27. 

Kelly. — Killed  in  action  on  Jan.  11,  191 7,  Lieut.  Robert  M.  Kelly, 
Yeomanry,  son  of  Rev.  Maitland  Kelly,  of  Kelly,  age  34. 

Langworthy. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  4,  19 17,  Lieut.  William 
Southmead  Langworthy,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Capt.  W.  S. 
Langworthy,  R.A.M.C,  of  Dartmouth,  age  22. 

Lewis. — Died  of  wounds  on  Sept.  9,  191 7,  Lieut. -Col.  Richard 
Percy  Lewis,  Manchester  Regt.,  formerly  Devon  Regt.,  son  of 
the  late  Richard  Lewis,  age  44.  Served  in  Boer  War  and 
received  Queen's  medal  with  four  clasps,  and  King's  medal 
with  two  clasps  ;  also  took  part  in  the  Nandi  Expedition  of 
1905-6,  and  received  the  medal  with  clasp.  A  famous  wicket- 
keeper. 

LiMBERY. — Killed  in  action  on  Sept.  26,  1917,  Capt.  Kenneth 
Thomas  Limbery,  R.A.M.C,  son  of  T.  Limbery,  of  Teignmouth. 

Littler. — Killed  in  an  aerial  action  on  July  3,  1917,  2nd  Lieut. 
Tom  Littler,  Royal  Flying  Corps,  son  of  John  Littler,  of  Brix- 
ham,  age  19. 

Lovett-Thomas. — Died  from  wounds  on  March  11,  1917,  2nd 
Lieut.  Richard  Sackville  Lovett-Thomas,  Royal  Field  Artillery, 
son  of  L.  H.  Lovett-Thomas,  of  Northam,  age  20. 

LuscoMBE. — Killed  in  action  on  May  3,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Cridland 
John  Luscombe,  Bedford  Regt.,  son  of  John  Luscombe,  of 
Ugborough,  age  19. 

Lyon. — Killed  in  the  North  Sea  on  Oct.  21,  1917,  Lieut. -Commander 
Herbert  Inglis  Nigel  Lyon,  R.N.,  son  of  Vice- Admiral  Herbert 
Lyon,  of  Devonport,  age  31.  He  had  previously  fought  in 
the  battles  of  Coronel,  Falkland  Islands,  and  Jutland. 

McEachran. — Killed  on  Feb.  3,  1917,  Lieut  Charles  McEachran, 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of  J.  J.  McEachran,  of  Campbeltown  and 
Cardiff,  age  28. 

Mallock. — Killed  on  Nov.  5,  1917,  Major  Charles  Herbert  Mallock, 
D.S.O.,  Royal  Field  Artillery,  of  Cockington  Court,  son  of 
the  late  Richard  Mallock,  M.P.,  age  39, 

Malone. — Killed  in  action  on  April  23,  1917,  Lieut.  Brian  Wilmot 
L'Estrange  Malone,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Lieut. -Col.  Malone, 
of  Trevalyer,  near  Penzance,  age  20. 

March-Phillipps. — Killed  on  Nov.  20,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Spencer 
Lisle  March-Phillipps,  Tank  Corps,  son  of  Hugh  March-Phillipps, 
of  Kenn,  age  23. 


Died  for  their  Country  31 


Martin. — Killed  in  action  on  Dec.  i,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Claude 
Martin,  Coldstream  Guards,  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Martin 
and  of  Mrs.  Martin,  Plympton,  age  40. 

Mathews. — Killed  at  sea  on  Dec.  23rd,  191 7,  Engr.-Lieut.- 
Commander  George  Joseph  Mathews,  R.N.,  son  of  G.  Y. 
Mathews,   of  Tavistock,   age   35. 

Maton. — Killed  on  May  9,  191 7,  Capt.  Leonard  Evelyn  Leigh 
Maton,  M.C.,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Leonard  Maton,  of  Kensing- 
ton, age  34. 

Matthews. — Killed  on  Oct.  2,  191 7,  Capt.  John  Bredel  Matthews. 
M.C.,  North  Staffs.  Regt.,  attached  Leicester  Regt.,  son  of 
Major  N.  H.  Matthews,  born  at  Torrington,  age  26. 

Miller. — Died  from  the  effect  of  wounds  on  June  7,  191 7.  2nd 
Lieut.  Francis  Samuel  Miller,  Royal  Engineers,  son  of  Mrs. 
Miller,  of  Harpford. 

Miller. — Killed  on  April  24,  191 7,  Lieut.  William  Reginald  Francis 
Miller,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Herbert  W.  Miller,  of  Exmouth, 
age  20. 

Mills. — Killed  on  Aug.  5,  191 7,  Capt.  and  Adj.  Frank  Symons  Mills, 
Somerset  Light  Infantry,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  B.  Mills,  some- 
time Vicar  of  Christ  Church,  Plymouth,  Totnes,  and  St.  Paul's, 
Tiverton,  age  32. 

Moore. — Killed  in  action  on  Dec.  2,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  James  V. 
Moore,  Oxford  and  Bucks  Light  Infantry,  son  of  J.  Moore,  of 
Yelverton,  age  30. 

Morgan. — Killed  in  action  on  April  4,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Sidney 
Herbert  Morgan,  East  Surrey  Regt.,  son  of  R.  J.  Morgan,  of 
Exeter,  age  30. 

MovsE. — Died  from  wounds  received  in  action  before  March  i, 
191 7,  Major  John  Jenkins  Moyse,  Bedford  Regt.,  son  of 
Dr.  Charles  E.  Moyse,  of  Montreal,  and  grandson  of  the  late 
Charles  W.  Moyse,  of  Torquay. 

Murray. — Died  on  Nov.  19,  1917,  from  wounds  received  in  action 
in  German  East  Africa,  Lieut.  F.  Stanley  Murray,  North 
Stafford  Regt.,  attached  King's  African  Rifles,  son  of  F.  W. 
Murray,  of  Plymouth. 

Neilson. — Killed  in  action  on  April  14,  1917,  Lieut.  Somerville 
Montgomerie  Neilson,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  M.  M. 
Neilson,  of  Inverness,  and  Mrs.  Neilson,  of  Chudleigh,  age  30. 

Newton. — Killed  on  April  15,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  William  Leslie 
Newton,  Durham  Light  Infantry,  son  of  the  late  J.  W.  Newton, 
musical  director  of  H.M.  Royal  Marines,  Plymouth  Division, 
age  23. 

Nixon. — Died  on  Sept.  26,  19 17,  Capt.  M.  A.  Nixon,  Rifle  Brigade, 
of  Northam,  age  51. 

Noel. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  26,  19 17,  2nd  Lieut.  Francis 
Methuen  Noel,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Admiral  Noel,  age  28. 


32  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


Paddison. — Killed  on  Aug.  16,  1917,  Capt.  Henry  Jepson  Paddison, 
M.C.,  Worcester  Regt.,  son  of  Richard  Paddison,  of  Tiverton, 
age  21. 

Parsons.— Killed  on  April  9,  191 7,  Lieut.  Samuel  Reginald  Parsons, 
Wilts  Regt.,  son  of  John  Parsons,  of  Heavitree,  age  20. 

Partington. — Killed  on  Feb.  3,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  John  Bertram 
Partington,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  T.  Partington, 
of  Battle,  age  33. 

Pendrigh.— Died  from  wounds  received  on  July  31,  1917,  2nd 
Lieut.  Alexander  Conrad  Cuthbertson  Pendrigh,  Devon  Regt., 
son  of  David  C.  Pendrigh,  of  Reuter's,  age  19. 

Perkins. — Killed  on  April  2,  1917,  Lieut.  Audley  St.  John  Perkins, 
Devon  Regt.,  son  of   A.  E.  Perkins,  J. P.,  of  Taunton,  age  33. 

Perraton. — Reported  wounded  and  missing  on  April  29,  191 7, 
now  presumed  dead,  2nd  Lieut.  Frank  M.  Perraton,  M.C., 
Royal  Fusiliers,  son  of  W.  Perraton,  of  Plymouth. 

Peters. — Killed  in  action  in  France  on  April  23,  1917,  Lieut. 
William  John  Peters,  M.C.,  Devon  Regt.,  of  Chulmleigh, 
age  32. 

Pine. — Killed  in  action  on  Aug.  15,  191 7,  Lieut.  Frank  Pine, 
formerly  Public  School  Battalion,  son  of  Mrs.  Pine,  of  Barn- 
staple. 

Platt. — Died  from  wounds  received  in  Belgium  on  March  27,  1916, 
Lieut.  John  Rookhurst  Platt,  Royal  Field  Artillery,  of  Youlston 
Park,  near  Barnstaple. 

Pole-Carew. — Killed  in  action  on  Nov.  6,  191 7,  Lieut.  Wymond 
N.  R.  Pole-Carew,  Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light  Infantry,  son  of 
C.  E.  Pole-Carew,  of  Totnes,  age  21. 

Pope. — Killed  inaction  on  Oct.  16,  1917,  Lieut.  Philip  Gladstone 
Pope,  Royal  Field  Artillery,  of  Dawlish,  son  of  Sydney  Philip 
Pope,  of  Tiverton. 

Porter. — Killed  in  action  in  East  Africa  on  June  9,  1916, 
Lieut.  C.  J.  Porter,  130th  King  George's  Own  Baluchis, 
an  Associate  of  the  London  Devonian  Association,  son  of 
Roderick   Porter,  of  Saltash. 

Pretyman.— Killed  on  July  4,  191 7,  Lieut.  Frank  Remington 
Pretyman,  Scots  Guards,  son  of  William  Pretyman,  of  Torquay, 
age  26. 

Pretyman. — Presumed  killed  in  Gallipoli  on  Aug  10,  1915,  2nd 
Lieut.  Maurice  William  Pretyman,  Royal  Engineers,  son  of 
William  Pretyman,  of  Torquay,  age  26. 

Priestley. — Died  from  wounds  on  Nov.  11,  191 7,  Capt.  Charles 
Lacey  Priestley,  Gloucester  Regt.,  son  of  C.  W.  Priestley,  of 
Torquay,  age  20. 

PucKRiDGE. — Killed  in  action  on  March  28,  191 7,  Capt.  Christopher 
Francis  Hewitt  Puckridge,  Duke  of  Cornwall's  Light  Infantry, 
son  of  Rev.  OUver  Puckridge,  of  Pinhoe,  age  22. 


\ 


Died  for  their  Country  33 


Raymont. — Killed  in  action  in  France  on  May  6,  1917,  Lieut. 
W.  C.  Raymont,  son  of  S.  Raymont,  of  Tavistock,  age  26. 

Read. — Killed  on  April  2,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Edward  Macartney 
Read,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  William  Macartney  Read,  of  Silver- 
ton,  age  28. 

Rendle. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  10,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Anthony 
Darley  Russel  Rendle,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  C.  E.  Russel  Rendle, 
of  Ashburton,  New  Zealand,  age  21. 

RowE. — Died  on  Nov.  30,  191 7,  from  wounds  received  in  action, 
Capt.  Percy  T.  Rowe,  Royal  Field  Artillery,  son  of  the  late 
Thomas  Rowe,  of  Exeter. 

Saltren-Willett. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  11,  1917,  Lieut. -Col. 
A.  J.  Saltren-Willett,  Royal  Artillery,  son  of  the  late  Capt. 
John  Saltren-Willett,  Royal  Horse  Artillery,  of  Petticombe, 
Torrington. 

Sandoe. — Killed  in  action  on  May  7,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  M.  W.  A. 
Sandoe,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Dr.  Sandoe,  of  Broadclyst,  age  21, 

Sargent. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  5,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Reginald 
FitzGerald  Sargent,  Royal  Irish  and  Machine  Gun  Corps, 
son  of  Rev.  John  FitzGerald  Sargent,  formerly  vicar  of  Sal- 
combe,  age  35. 

Searle. — Killed  in  action  in  France  on  April  23,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut. 
Alec  Searle,  Royal  Engineers,  son  of  Mrs.  Searle,  of  Plymouth, 
age  27. 

Silk. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  26,  1917,  Lieut.  Thomas  William 
Silk,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  W-  R.  Silk,  of  Kingston-upon-Thames, 
age  20. 

Smythe. — Killed  on  Sept.  7,  1917,  Major  Andrew  Graham  Conran 
Smythe,  Royal  Garrison  Artillery,  son  of  Capt.  Smythe,  of 
Plympton,  age  35. 

Statton. — Died  from  wounds  on  April  18,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Percival 
Graham  Statton,  King's  Liverpool  Regt.,  a  member  of  the 
London  Devonian  Association,  son  of  W.  G.  Statton,  of  Ply- 
mouth, age  22. 

Stidston. — Died  on  Aug.  3,  191 7,  from  wounds  received  in  action 
in  France,  Capt.  William  Popkiss  Stidston,  Leinster  Regt., 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Samuel  Stidston,  of  Shaugh  Prior,  age  33. 

Stretton. — Killed  on  Oct.  16,  1917,  Capt.  Alexander  Lynam  de 
Courcy  Stretton,  M.C.,  South  Lancashire  Regt.,  and  Nigerian 
Regt.,  son  of  Capt.  W.  de  C.  Stretton,  of  Salcombe,  age  31. 

Studholme. — Killed  on  Oct.  4,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  Paul  F.  W.  Stud- 
holme,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  W.  P.  Studholme,  of  Exeter,  bom 
in  New  Zealand,  age  19. 

Sunderland. — Killed  on  July  31,  191 7,  Lieut. -Col.  Alfred  Joseph 
Elton  Sunderland,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  James  Sunderland, 
of  Leighton  Buzzard,  age  42.  Tool:  part  in  the  South  African 
War,  and  received  the  Queen's  medal  with  six  clasps  and  the 
King's  medal  with  two. 


34  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


Sussex. — Killed  on  Aug.  26,  1917,  Capt.  Edgar  W.  Sussex,  M.C., 
Cameronians,  son  of  William  Sussex,  of  Moretonhampstead, 
age  24. 

Teglio. — Killed  in  action  in  Mesopotamia  on  April  11,  1917,  2nd 
Lieut.  Max  Teglio,  Devon  Regt.,  attached  Worcesters,  son  of 
William  Teglio,  of  Tavistock,  born  at  Plymouth,  age  21. 

Tripe. — Killed  in  action  in  France  on  Nov.  23,  1917,  Lieut.  A.  K. 
Tripe,  Devon  Royal  Garrison  Artillery  and  Tank  Corps,  son 
of  Capt.  W.  D.  Tripe. 

Tucker. — Killed  in  action  on  April  23,  191 7,  Capt.  James  Parke 
Tucker,  Sherwood  Foresters,  son  of  W.  E.  Tucker,  of  Paignton, 
age  22. 

Turner. — Killed  on  Feb.  3,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Richard  Radford 
Turner,  Royal  Sussex  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Richard 
Turner,  of  Barnstaple,  age  20. 

Vaughan. — Killed  in  action  on  July  31,  1917,  Lieut,  and  Adjt. 
Harold  Vaughan,  Royal  Field  Artillery,  son  of  Lieut. -Col.  E. 
H.  Vaughan,    of  Kenton. 

ViCARY. — Died  from  wounds  on  Nov.  10,  1917,  Capt.  Gilbert  Dove 
Vicary,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Charles  G.  Vicary,  of 
Newton  Abbot,  age  33. 

Walter. — Killed  on  Oct.  8,  191 7,  Lieut.  Cecil  Walter,  Devon  Regt., 

son  of  Major  F.  E.   Walter,  M.V.O.,  late  Royal  Artillery,  age 

35- 
Watts. — Died  from  wounds  on  Aug.  ri,  1917,  2nd  Lieut.  Harold 

Vaughan  Iremonger  Watts,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Francis  Watts, 

of  Newton  Abbot,  age  36. 

Webb. — Killed  in  action  on  Nov.  11,  1917,  Lieut.  Henry  Dennis 
Webb,  Machine  Gun  Corps,  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Henry 
Webb,  of  Torquay,  age  24. 

Weekes. — Accidentally  killed  while  flying  near  Bethune  in  France, 
on  May  7,  19 17,  2nd  Lieut.  Reginald  Penkivil  Olive  Weekes, 
Royal  Flying  Corps,  son  of  Capt.  R.  N.  Weekes,  R.A.M.C, 
of  Modbury,  age  19. 

Whitehead. — Killed  on  Jan.  12,  1917,  Lieut. -Col.  John  Holberton 
Whitehead,  commanding  Indian  Infantry,  son  of  J.  N.  White- 
head, of  Torquay,  age  48. 

Williams. — Killed  in  action  in  British  East  Africa  on  Aug.  3,  191 7, 
Lieut.  Guy  Williams,  King's  African  Rifles,  son  of  R.  H. 
Williams,  of  Torquay,  age  26. 

Williams. — Killed  on  Oct.  3,  1917,  Lieut.  Sir  B.  Robert  Williams, 
Bart.,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Sir  William  R.  Williams, 
of  Heanton  Punchardon,  age  28. 

Williams. — Died  from  wounds  on  Nov.  10,  191 7,  2nd  Lieut.  L.  C. 
Williams,  Lincoln  Regt.,  son  of  Harry  Williams,  of  Torquay, 
age  19. 

Wilson. — -Killed  on  active  service  on  Feb.  24,  19 17,  Commander 
Charles  P.  Wilson,  R.D.,  R.N.R.,  of  Bradworthy. 


Died  for  their  Country  35 


WiNNicoTT. — Killed  in  action  in  France  on  Dec.  6,  1917,  Lieut. 
Russell  Winnicott,  M.C.,  Royal  Flying  Corps,  son  of  Richard 
W.  Winnicott,  of  Plymouth,  age  19. 

WoLFERSTAN. — Killed  in  action  in  France  on  April  3,  19 17,  2nd 
Lieut.  Stanley  Wolferstan,  Dorset  Regt.,  son  of  H.  Wolferstan, 
of  Plymouth,  age  19. 

Wood. — Killed  in  action  on  Oct.  22,  1917,  Capt.  Matthew  Rodney 
Wood,  M.C.,  Lancashire  Fusiliers,  son  of  Chris.  W.  Wood,  of 
Weston,  near  Honiton,  age  21. 

WooLLcoMBE. — Killed  on  Feb.  3,  19  r  7,  Major  John  Morth  Wooll- 
combe,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  the  late  Henry  Woollcombe,  of 
Ashbury,  age  38.  Served  in  the  South  African  War,  receiving 
the  Queen's  and  King's  medals  and  two  clasps. 

Wreford. — Killed  in  action  on  April  23,  191 7,  Capt.  Bertram 
William  Heyman  Wreford,  Devon  Regt.,  son  of  Dr.  Heyman 
Wreford,  of  Exeter,  age  22. 


April 


on    Waggon    Hill. 


Lad,  and  can  you  rest  now, 

There  beneath  your  hill ! 
Your  hands  are  on  your  breast  now, 

But  is  your  heart  so  still  ? 
'Twas  the  right  death  to  die,  lad, 

A  gift  without  regret, 
But  unless  truth's  a  lie,  lad. 

You  dream  of  Devon  yet, 
*        *        *        * 

Your  name,  the  name  they  cherish  ? 

'Twill  fade,  lad,  'tis  tnie  : 
But  stone  and  all  may  perish 

With  little  loss  to  you. 
While  fame's  fame  you're  Devon,  lad, 

The  Glory  of  the  West  ; 
Till  the  roll's  called  in  heaven,  lad, 

You  may  well  take  your  rest. 

Henry  Newbolt, 

Collected  Poems. 


36  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


Notes    and    Gleanings. 

Our  President — An  Unreported  Episode. 

It  was  in  the  timbered  hall  of  Gray's  Inn,  whose  old  legal  cloisters 
open  from  the  modern  street  and  Hnk  the  broad,  busy  Holbom 
of  to-day  to  London  of  the  Armada  time.  The  gathering  on 
Friday,  December  14th,  1917,  was  significantly  connected  with 
the  rise  of  the  air-force  which  may  have  to  be  for  us  in  the  future 
what  the  Fleet  has  been  in  the  past.  Queen  Elizabeth,  Bacon, 
Cromwell,  in  their  habits  as  they  lived,  had  once  been  here  where 
the  Prime  Minister  came  to  speak.  With  that  Queen's  picture 
shining  at  one  end,  with  the  other  historical  portraits,  the 
wainscot  blazoned  panel  by  panel,  the  great  carven  gallery,  the 
clambering  arches  of  the  oak  roofing,  the  array  of  notable  guests, 
amongst  whom  Lord  Halsbury  at  ninety-three  was  a  venerable 
resolute  figure — this  was  a  scene  which  would  deserve  to  be 
recorded  by  some  memorc(fele  painter  if  art  had  yet  found  the 
means  to  give  scenes  so  lighted  their  right  stir  and  illumination 
on  canvas. 

And  at  the  end,  when  the  Prime  Minister  had  left,  there  was 
an  episode  so  sudden,  staunch,  generous,  so  powerful  to  add  a 
living  and  moving  touch  to  the  silent  memories  of  those  walls, 
and  to  knit  the  long  generations  of  our  national  being  to  each 
other,  that  it  never  can  be  forgotten  by  those  who  took  part  in 
it.  We  record  it  here  because  we  would  wish  it  to  be  realized 
by  the  whole  country.  There  were  calls  for  Lord  Halsbury  to 
speak.  He  was  bom  when  Trafalgar  and  Waterloo  seemed 
almost  events  of  yesterday  to  the  majoiity  of  our  people.  Physic- 
ally and  morally,  he  seems  still  to  be  the  very  embodiment  of 
the  fibre  and  temper  of  that  day  when  men  enough  knew  how 
to  endure  and  win.  When  this  unquenchable  youngster  of 
ninety-three  stood  on  his  feet,  short,  square,  sturdy,  strong- 
jawed  and  strong- browed,  reverend  and  leonine,  he  swept  away 
all  casuistry  and  artifice,  he  went  straight  to  the  clean  issue 
between  right  and  wrong,  between  honour  and  ignominy,  between 
strength  and  surrender — he  spoke  with  so  sterhng  a  stamp  and 
weight  of  integrity  and  character,  with  so  honest  a  flow  of  natural 
wrath  against  both  iniquity  and  cowardice,  that  it  did  all  men 
good  who  heard  him,  brought  them  back  to  the  primal  qualities 
of  justice  as  of  courage,  and  refreshed  the  very  root  of  every 
civic  virtue  that  is  sound  either  for  peace  or  war. 


Notes  and  Gleanings  37 


It  wakened  that  kind  of  enthusiasm  which  lifts  the  heart 
and  means  something  for  the  next  day  and  after.  It  was  Hke 
the  Hving  direct  voice  of  Old  England  heard  again.  And  this 
speech,  following  Mr.  Lloyd  George's,  but  coming  from  one 
nearly  twice  the  Prime  Minister's  age,  completed  an  episode 
vivid  and  lasting  amongst  the  impressions  of  this  time.  Why 
don't  the  Bench  and  Bar  give  a  banquet  to  their  veteran,  and 
let  him  speak  to  the  nation  at  more  length  from  the  height  of  his 
years  and  his  spirit  -^ — The  Observer. 

A  Devonian  General  at  the  Front. 

General  Sir  Herbert  Charles  Onslow  Plumer,  G.C.M.G., 
G.C.V.O.,  K.C.B.,  A.D.C.,  commands  the  2nd  Army  in  France 
and  Flanders,  which  has  had  one  of  the  hardest  and  most 
thankless  tasks  in  the  war.  It  owes  much  of  its  success  to  the 
personality  of  the  Army  Commander,  who  holds  a  peculiar 
place  in  the  affections  of  his  troops.  He  always  plays  for  "  the 
side,"  and  can  be  counted  upon  by  G.H.Q.  to  co-operate  with 
selfless  loyalty  in  any  enterprise  that  may  be  afoot.  Over  and 
over  again  General  Plumer  has  uncomplainingly  denuded  his 
army  of  guns,  munitions,  staff  officers,  and  other  essentials, 
because  they  were  more  urgently  needed  elsewhere.  For  this 
reason  his  brilliantly  organized  victory  at  Messines,  and  his 
recent  striking  successes  in  the  Ypres  campaign,  caused  un- 
bounded pleasure  to  his  brother  officers  throughout  the  entire 
British  Army.  General  Plumer  looks  older  than  he  is,  but 
were  he  older  than  he  looks  he  would  still  be  the  right  man  in 
the  right  place.  He  has  emphatically  come  into  his  own  during 
the  Great  War,  and  there  are  very  few  officers  in  the  German 
Army  who  are  his  equal,  for  all  their  swank. 

Sir  Herbert  Plumer  [is  the  son  of  the  late  Hall  Plumer,  Esq., 
of  Malpas  Lodge,  Torquay,  and]  was  bom  in  Devon  on  March  13, 
1857.  In  1876  he  entered  the  York  and  Lancaster  Regiment, 
and  served  with  it  in  the  Soudan  War  of  1884.  In  South 
Africa,  in  1896,  he  raised  and  commanded  a  corps  of  mounted 
rifles  for  service  in  the  Matabele  rebellion,  being  mentioned 
in  dispatches  and  receiving  the  brevet  of  Lieut. -Colonel.  In 
the  South  African  War  of  1899-1902  he  won  his  first  great 
reputation  in  the  field.  He  commanded  the  Rhodesian  Field 
Force,  and  was  the  first  British  soldier  to  cross  the  enemy 
frontier. 

For  months  he  attempted  to  reach  Mafeking  from  the  north, 
and,  after  the  happy  relief  of  that  historic  town,  he  was  one 
of  the  most  active  and  resolute  of  column  commanders  in  the 
Transvaal.      This  "  small,  quiet,  resolute  man,"  as  a  historian 


38  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

describes  him,  had  the  power  of  enforcing  discipHne  and  inspiring 
confidence  in  the  diverse  elements  under  him. 

In  1902  he  became  Major-General,  and  in  1908  Lieutenant- 
General.  In  1904-5  he  was  Quartermaster-General  to  the 
Forces  and  third  military  member  of  the  Army  Council.  In 
1911-14  he  was  General  Officer  Commmanding  the  Northern 
Command. 

Sir  Herbert  Plumer  did  not  appear  in  the  field  in  the  European 
war  till  January,  1915,  when  he  was  given  command  of  the  new 
"  V  "  Corps,  holding  the  southern  side  of  the  Ypres  salient. 
When  General  Smith-Dorrien  retired  in  April  of  that  year  from 
the  command  of  the  Second  Army,  Sir  Herbert  succeeded  him. 
It  was  that  army  which  fought  the  second  battle  of  Ypres  and 
has  since  remained  on  the  left  flank  of  the  British  front  in  the 
West.  It  has  seen  severe  fighting,  such  as  the  Hooge  battle 
of  August,  1915,  the  advance  at  Hooge  during  the  battle  of 
Loos  in  September,  1915,  the  struggle  at  the  Bluff  in  the  spring 
of  1906,  and  the  action  of  the  Canadians  at  Ypres  in  June  of 
the  same  year.  The  Ypres  salient  has  become  historic  as  the 
most  critical  part  of  the  British  line. 

The  Second  Army  was  not  engaged  during  the  battle  of  the 
Somme  or  the  first  stages  of  the  battle  of  Arras,  but  on  Thursday, 
June  7,  1917,  attacking  on  the  whole  front  from  the  Ypres 
salient  to  Ploegsteert  Wood,  it  carried  all  its  objectives,  with 
the  vital  Wytschaete-Messines  ridge,  put  an  end  to  the  embar- 
rassment of  the  Ypres  sahent,  took  over  7,000  prisoners,  and 
accounted  for  at  least  30,000  of  the  enemy^ — the  whole  at  a 
small  expense  of  British,  lives.  The  action  was  probably  the 
most  perfectly  planned  and  executed  in  the  history  of  the  cam- 
paign. 

Sir  Herbert  Plumer  is  the  best  type  of  British  Regular  officer, 
an  enthusiast  for  the  historic  traditions  of  the  Army,  a  soldier 
with  wide  experience  in  many  lands  and  many  different  forms 
of  campaign.  His  patience  and  stamina  and  perfect  judgment 
have  made  him  for  many  months  a  brilHant  warden  of  the 
Flanders  marshes. — "  Generals  of  the  British  Army,"  publishea 
by  authority  from  the  offices  of  "  Country  Life.'  " 

A    TlVERTONIAN    V.C, 

During  the  year  1917  a  Devonian  has  again  been  awarded 
the  much-coveted  honour  of  the  Victoria  Cross.  The  recipient 
is  Private  Thomas  Henry  Sage,  of  Tiverton,  who  was  formerly 
in  the  Devon  Regiment,  but  is  now  in  the  Somerset  Light  In- 
fantry.    The  award  is  officially  stated  to  be — 


Notes  and  Gleanings  39 


"  For  most  conspicuous  bravery  during  an  attack  on  an  enemy 
strong  post.  He  was  in  a  shell  hole  with  eight  other  men,  one 
of  whom  was  shot  while  in  the  act  of  throwing  a  bomb.  The 
live  bomb  fell  into  the  shell  hole,  and  Private  Sage,  with  great 
courage  and  presence  of  mind,  immediately  threw  himself  on 
it,  thereby  undoubtedly  saving  the  lives  ot  several  comrades, 
though  he  himself  sustained  very  severe  wounds." 

Private  Sage,  who  is  thirty-six  years  of  age,  is  a  married  man, 
with  a  family  of  four  little  children,  the  eldest  of  whom,  a  girl 
of  ten,  takes  a  gratified  and  intelligent  interest  in  her  fath.-rr's 
honourable  record.  He  is  a  native  of  Tiverton,  his  father  being 
a  mason,  formerly  in  the  employ  of  the  Tiverton  Town  Council. 
His  sister  is  working  at  munitions  in  Tiverton.  As  a  boy  he 
attended  Chilrott's  School,  of  which  Mr.  Cowell  was  master. 

For  several  years  Private  Sage  worked  as  a  blacksmith  for 
Mr.  Pethick  at  his  forge  in  Newport  Street.  Subsequently  he 
was  em.ployed  at  Messrs.  Starkey,  Knight  &  Ford's  brewery  at 
Tiverton.  He  bore  an  excellent  character,  as  a  steady,  hard- 
working, unassuming  man.  Moreover,  he  was  of  good  physique, 
vigorous,  and  robust.  Early  in  the  war  he  joined  up,  being  one 
of  37  men  who  went  voluntarily  from  the  brewery,  and  he  has 
since  seen  much  service,  first  with  the  Devons,  and  more  recently 
with  the  Somerset  Light  Infantry. 

Private  Sage's  wife  is  living  at  Bartow's  Causeway,  Tiverton, 
and  she  recently  heard  through  a  letter  from  her  husband  that 
the  Colonel  had  notified  him  that  he  had  been  recommended 
for  the  highest  award  for  bravery  in  the  field,  but,  with  the 
modesty  characteristic  of  heroes,  he  asked  her  to  keep  it  quiet 
and  not  let  everybody  know,  lest  the  papers  should  get  hold  of 
it.  In  conversation,  Mrs.  Sage  let  fall  a  few  sentences  which 
threw  a  gleam  of  ladiance  not  only  upon  the  man's  heroism, 
but  also  upon  his  wife's  modest  acceptance  of  it.  She  said : 
"  I  remarked  in  one  of  my  letters  to  him — '  You  don't  seem 
to  have  thought  about  yourself.'  "  His  reply  was :  "  Well, 
they  were  all  married  men  in  my  company,  and  I  thought  one 
life  was  better  than  the  hves  of  them  all.  I  don't  know  what 
gave  me  the  presence  of  mind  to  do  it."  The  wife,  with  happy 
tears  in  her  eyes,  added,  after  repeating  the  words  ot  her  husband  : 
"  It  must  have  been  God." 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Tiverton  Town  Council,  convened  for 
another  purpose,  the  Mayor  announced  to  the  Council  the  fact 
that  lor  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  borough  a  Tivertonian 
had  won  the  V.C,  and  moved  that  a  letter  of  congratulation 
be  sent  to  Private  Sage.  The  announcement  was  received  with 
acclamation.     Councillor  Salter  seconded  the  proposition  ;    and 


40  The  Devonian  Ye^r  Book,  1918 

it  was  carried  unanimously.    The  flag  was  hoisted  at  the  Town 
Hall  in  honour  of  the  event. 

Private  Sage  was  then  in  hospital  at  Epsom,  recovering 
from  his  wounds.  He  has  lost  his  right  eye  ;  but  the  eyelid, 
which  was  shot  away,  has  been  restored  by  skilful  surgery. 
A  jagged  piece  of  shrapnel  has  been  removed  from  his  thigh. 

A  Friend  of  King  Edward  VH. 

On  Sept.  25,  1917,  our  most  distinguished  Vice-President, 
the  Earl  of  Mount  Edgcumbe,  P.C,  G.C.V.O.,  V.D.,  passed 
away  in  his  85th  year,  at  the  Winter  Villa,  Stonehouse.  He 
was  the  fourth  holder  of  the  title,  to  which  he  succeeded  in 
1861,  having  previously  sat  for  two  years  as  M.P.  for  Plymouth 
under  the  title  of  Viscount  Valletort.  Born  on  November  5, 
1832,  he  was  from  his  earliest  years  a  favourite  at  Court,  and 
was  especially  chosen  as  a  companion  to  the  Prince  of  Wales 
(afterwards  King  Edward  VH.)  when  a  young  man.  Between 
the  years  1866  and  1879  he  was  his  associate  both  at  home  and 
in  foreign  travels.  In  the  latter  year  he  was  made  Lord 
Chamberlain  of  the  Household,  and  other  high  offices  he  held 
were  those  of  Lord  High  Steward  of  Queen  Victoria's  Household, 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  Cornwall,  Vice-Admiral  of  Cornwall,  member 
of  the  Council  of  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall,  A.D.C.  to  Queen 
Victoria,  and  Special  Deputy  Warden  of  the  Stannaries. 

In  1858  he  married  Lady  Katherine  Elizabeth  Hamilton, 
fourth  daughter  of  the  first  Duke  of  Abercom,  who  bore  him 
one  son  and  three  daughters.  The  Countess  died  in  1874,  and 
eleven  years  ago  the  Earl  married  his  first  cousin,  the  widow 
of  the  Earl  of  Ravensworth,  who  died  three  years  later.  He 
is  succeeded  by  his  only  son.  Viscount  Valletort,  bom  in  1865, 
and  married  in  1911  to  Lady  Edith  ViUiers,  daughter  of  the 
Earl  of  Clarendon. 

The  late  Earl  was  described  many  years  ago  as  the  "  patron 
personality  "  of  the  community  of  the  three  towns,  Plymouth, 
Devonport,  and  Stonehouse,  for  there  was  not  a  good  movement 
in  the  district  which  had  not  his  sympathetic  and  practical 
support.  He  was  ever  recognized  as  a  splendid  type  of  the 
fine  old  Enghsh  gentleman,  and  was  honoured  as  such,  having 
a  unique  record  of  public  service. 

The  loss  of  the  Earl  of  Mount  Edgcumbe  will  be  keenly  felt 
in  many  spheres,  for  his  versatility  was  remarkable.  His 
association  with  the  Volunteer  movement  covered  the  whole 
of  its  local  history  down  to  the  time  he  retired  as  Brigadier-. 
General.  He  was  the  first  chairman  of  the  Cornwall  County 
Council,   retiring  thirteen  years  ago,   and  he  was  Provincial 


Notes  and  Gleanings  41 

Grand  Master  of  Cornwall  Freemasons,  and  Deputy  Grand 
Master  of  England.  A  work  to  which  his  lordship  gave  his 
whole  heart,  and  which  he  lived  to  see  brought  to  a  most  success- 
ful issue,  was  that  of  the  Industrial  Training  Ship  bearing  his 
name.  Other  subjects  which  largely  appealed  to  him  were 
nursing  and  the  effort  to  stamp  out  the  scourge  of  consumption  ; 
he  took  an  active  part  in  establishing  the  home  for  training 
nurses  in  Durnford  Street,  Stonehouse,  and  became  the  president 
of  Didworthy  Sanatorium,  near  Brent,  as  well  as  of  the  Edward 
VII.  Memorial  Dispensary  at  Plymouth. 

A  Literary  Politician. 

A  few  days  only  after  the  death  of  the  Earl  of  Mount  Edgcumbe 
the  Association  lost  another  of  its  Vice-Presidents  in  the  person 
of  Sir  George  Heynes  Radford,  M.P.,  LL.B.,  Liberal  member 
for  East  Islington  since  1906.  He  died  at  his  residence,  Chiswick 
House,  Ditton  Hill,  Surrey,  on  October  5,  1917,  at  the  age  of  66. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  National  Liberal  Club  Buildings  Co., 
Ltd.,  and  vice-chairman  of  the  National  Liberal  Club.  He 
represented  West  IsUngton  on  the  London  County  Council  from 
1895  to  1907.  He  was  admitted  a  soUcitor  in  1872,  was  a 
magistrate  for  Surrey,  and  was  knighted  in  1916.  He  took 
a  prominent  part  in  London  County  Council  elections,  and 
was  for  two  years  chairman  of  the  Council's  Parliamentary 
Committee. 

Sir  George,  who  was  bom  at  Plymouth,  was  associated  with 
Mr.  Birrell  in  the  issue  of  Obiter  Dicta.  The  essay  on  "  Falstaff," 
in  the  first  series,  has  a  footnote  :  "  This  essay  is  by  another 
hand."  The  identity  of  the  other  hand  was  revealed  on  the 
publication  of  the  second  series  in  1887,  when  Mr.  Birrell  wrote  : 
"  I  am  sorry  not  to  have  been  able  to  persuade  my  old  friend, 
George  Radford,  who  wrote  the  paper  on  '  Falstaff '  in  the 
former  volume,  to  contribute  anything  to  the  second  series  of 
Obiter  Dicta."  Separate  publications  of  his  are  Occasional  Verses 
and  Shylock  and  Others. 

In  1882  he  married  Emma  Louise,  daughter  of  Daniel  Radford, 
J.P.  She  is  a  F.R.Hist.S.  and  a  member  of  the  Council  of  the 
Devonshire  Association,  and  has  contributed  to  the  Transactions 
of  the  latter  many  valuable  papers,  viz.,"  Lydford  Church  and 
Rectors,"  "  Lady  Howard  of  Fitzford,"  "  Thomas  Larkham," 
"  Sydenham,"  "  Andrew  and  Nicholas  Tremayne,"  "  Edmund 
and  Richard  Tremayne,"  "  Nicholas  Radford,"  "  Lydford 
Town,"  "  The  Wyses  and  Tremaynes  of  Sydenham,"  "  The 
Fight  at  Clyst  in  1455,"  "  Tavistock  Abbey,"  and  "  The  Charter 
of  Tavistock." 


42  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


A  Great  Anglo-Indian. 

Although  not  a  native  of  Devon,  for  he  was  bom  in  India, 
Sir  George  Christopher  Molesworth  Birdwood,  K.C.I.E.,  spent 
his  early  years  at  Plymouth,  the  ancestral  home  of  his  family, 
and  always  regarded  himself  as  a  Devonian.  He  took  lus 
M.D.  degree  at  Edinburgh  and  the  diploma  of  the  Royal  College 
of  Surgeons  in  1854,  and  at  the  close  of  that  year  he  was  appointed 
to  the  Indian  Medical  Staff  on  the  Bombay  Establishment. 
He  soon  became  Professor  at  the  Grant  Medical  College,  and 
with  the  help  of  the  great  Parsee  and  Hindu  merchants  he 
established  the  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum  at  Bombay.  He 
was  on  the  Bench  of  Justices,  then  the  municipal  authority 
in  Bombay  ;  and  in  1864  he  was  elected  Sheriff.  His  labours 
so  broke  down  his  health  that  he  had  to  leave  India  in  1868, 
but,  as  one  of  the  makers  of  New  Bombay,  he  left  an  imperishable 
impress  on  the  city,  where  his  birthday  was  annually  observed 
with  rejoicing  and  his  bust  in  the  University  Senate  Hall 
regarded  as  a  shrine. 

On  his  return  to  England  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
Indian  collections  in  a  series  of  special  exhibitions  begun  at 
South  Kensington  in  1871,  and  at  the  close  of  the  series  he  was 
permanently  appointed  to  the  India  Office,  where  his  work  was 
chiefly  concerned  with  exhibitions.  He  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  Primrose  Day. 

"  His  literary  output  was  prodigious.  In  almost  every 
creation  of  his  pen  there  are  sentences  and  paragraphs,  and 
sometimes  continuous  pages,  of  striking  picturesqueness  and 
originality  in  praise  of  India,  its  landscape,  life,  and  labour. 
Some  two  years  aga  he  collected  a  good  many  of  his  writings 
in  '  Sva '  (myself).  At  once  yielding  and  dominating,  sympa- 
thetic and  cynical,  shrewd  and  quixotic,  but  invariably  self- 
sacrificing,  generous,  and  helpful  in  every  worthy  cause,  he 
exemplified  Aristotle's  conception  of  the  magnanimous  man 
as  one  who  asks  no  favour  for  himself,  or  rarely,  but  is  ever 
ready  to  serve  others,  and  while  distant  in  demeanour  towards 
the  high  and  fortunate,  is  considerate  to  the  lowly  and 
strugghng." 

At  an  interview  with  him,  after  he  had  attained  the  age  of 
84,  he  said  : 

"  Behold  me  now — a  saint  !  To-day  I  have  reached  the 
figure  of  age  mightily  cherished  by  the  wise  Hindu.  It  is  called 
by  him  '  chaurasi,'  which  means  '  the  eighty-four-er ' — being 
the  sacred  number  obtained  by  multiplying  the  signs  of  the 
Zodiac  by  the  number  of  the  planets. 


Notes  and  Gleanings  43 


"  When  a  man  is  '  chaurasi ' — such  as  I — he  is  totally  exempt 
from  all  punishments,  celestial  or  mundane.  He  may  become 
as  big  a  scamp  as  he  pleases  ;  and  I  feel,  as  the  true  '  chaurasi  ' 
of  Ealing,  that  I  should  very  much  like  to  be  a  scamp,  for  a 
change.  My  spirit  is  willing — but  my  legs  are  weak  !  I  am 
'  chaurasi ' — but  I'm  eighty-four !  So  I  suppose  I  shall  have 
to  go  on  in  the  old  way,  but  with  new  and  strange  things  to 
meditate  over. 

"  The  war  has  overwhelmed  me  and  mine.  Twenty-nine 
members  of  my  family  are  in  it,  and  four  bearing  my  name  have 
already  paid  the  great  sacrifice.  One,  truly,  has  so  far  borne 
a  charmed  life.  He  is  my  nephew— General  Birdwood,  the 
bright  star  of  the  Anzacs." 

Sir  George  was  bom  at  Belgaum  in  the  Deccan  on  December 
8,  1832,  being  the  eldest  son  of  General  Christopher  Birdwood, 
sometime  Commissary-General  to  the  Bombay  Army,  and  he 
died  at  Ealing  on  June  28,  1917.  He  married  in  1856  the  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Mr.  Edward  Tolcher,  R.N.,  of  Harewood 
House,  Plympton,  and  has  three  sons  and  two  daughters. 
— The  Times  and  the  Globe. 

Mother  Plymouth. 

More  than  London,  more  than  Winchester,  more  than  Ox- 
ford, more  than  any  city  that  has  been  the  capital  of  England, 
"  Mother  Plymouth,  sitting  by  the  sea,"  seems  the  mother  of 
b9th  great  nations,  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States.  Cen- 
turies before  those  summer  days  of  1588,  when  the  Httle  English 
Fleet  (seven  ships  and  one  boat  ofit  Plymouth's  own)  lay  biding 
its  time  in  the  Cattewater,  its  captains  playing  bowls  on  the 
Hoe  while  the  Spanish  Armada  drew  magnificently  nearer  and 
nearer  its  doom.  Mother  Plymouth  spread  out,  time  and  again, 
her  wings  to  ward  off  England's  enemies.  Plymouth,  mother 
of  John  and  Richard  Hawkins,  foster-mother  of  Drake  and 
Humphrey  Gilbert,  sent  out  these,  and  Frobisher,  Raleigh, 
Stukeley,  and  a  dozen  other  Elizabethan  captains  to  find  and  . 
found  the  Greater  Britain  ;  from  Plymouth  Captain  Cook  set 
sail  on  the  voyages  that  discovered  for  Britain  New  Zealand 
and  Australia ;  from  Plymouth,  "  niother  of  full  forty  Ply- 
mouths,"  flowed,  for  many  years,  the  great  streams  of  emigrants 
whose  toil  and  adventure  built  up  new  Englands  on  three  con- 
tinents. And  Plymouth,  sturdy  foe  of  tyranny  and  oppression, 
gave  shelter  and  God-speed  to  the  Mayflower.  On  both  sides 
of  the  Atlantic  it  is  a  familiar  story  how  the  Mayflower,  barque 
of  180  tons  (a  pilgrims'  "  cockleshell "  indeed !),  set  sail  in 
1620  from  Southampton  ;    how  by  stress  of  weather  she  was 


44  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

forced  to  take  refuge  in  Plymouth  Sound  ;  how  those  on  board 
her  were  "  courteously  entertained  and  kindly  used  by  divers 
Christians  there  living";  and  how,  in  memory  of  the  last  port 
of  England  at  which  they  had  touched,  they  gave  the  name  ot 
Plymouth  to  the  spot  where  they  landed  in  Massachusetts  Bay. 
"  Mayflower,  1620,"  says  the  stone  in  the  Barbican  of  Mother 
Plymouth  ;  and  it  need  say  no  more.  The  Mayflower  was 
not  the  first  ship  to  carry  emigrants  for  conscience  s  sake  from 
Plymouth  to  the  New  World  ;  but  to  English  and  to  Americans 
alike  "  Mayflower,  1620"  stands  for  the  whole  story. 

To-day,  two  free  and  independent  nations  stand  side  by  side 
in  a  struggle  for  freedom,  independence,  and  the  right  ;  and 
so  standing  they  stand  closer  to  each  other,  are  more  truly 
one  with  each  other,  than  ever  they  were  in  times  when  they 
.were  tied  with  bonds.  The  spirit  which  the  Mayflower  carried 
westward  is  to-day  returning  eastward — in  something  other 
than  barques  of  180  tons — eastward  to  England*  on  the  way  to 
France  and  Flanders  ;  and  still  the  quest  is  freedom  for  body 
and  for  soul.  Mother  Plymouth  is  justified  of  her  children. — 
The  Times. 

Drake's  Drum  Again. 

Three  hundred  and  two  score  years  ago,  at  Callao  de  Lima, 
a  small  ship,  late  the  Pelican  and  now  the  Golden  Hind,  so- 
called  from  the  bearings  on  the  armorial  coat  of  Hatton,  dashed 
amongst  thirty  Spanish  ships  and  plundered  them  all.  On 
board  the  Golden  Hind  Francis  Drake  watched  the  crew  take 
their  action  stations  and  load  and  shoot  the  minions,  the  sakers, 
and  the  culverins.  And  while  he  watched,  a  drum  rolled  from 
the  deck  below  the  great  poop  lantern  fronting  the  crucifix. 
It  was  somewhat  slackened  and  out  of  tune,  but  the  drummer 
did  the  double  roll  as  the  Hind  slipped  into  the  harbourage. 
The  thirty  Spaniards  were  plundered  to  the  glory  of  God  and 
Elizabeth,  and  the  enrichment  ot  the  crew,  and  captains  of  the 
venture. 

Then  down  the  Spanish  coast  came  word  of  a  great  galleon, 
the  Cacafuego,  laden  down  with  plate  and  gold  ingots  from  the 
Spanish  mines.  Pearls  and  other  gems  there  were  on  board  her, 
and  by  good  repute  she  was  a  prize  worth  having.  So  northward 
sailed  the  Hind,  always  some  way  behind  the  galleon,  until 
every  man  on  board  the  chasing  ship  was  on  watch  for  the  quarry. 
Drake  himself  offered  a  golden  chain  to  the  man  who  should 
sight  her,  and  a  man  of  Plymouth  saw  the  bellying  sails  first. 
Again  the  drum  rolled,  and  this  time  the  roll  ot  it  was  like  the 
bay  ot  the  hounds  as  they  chase  the  deer  across  the  moors.     The 


Notes  and  Gleanings  45 

quarry  was  in  sight,  and  never  a  man  on  the  Hind  but  knew 
how  the  hunt  would  end.  The  Spaniard  made  but  Httle  resist- 
ance, and  the  booty  was  so  vast  that  Drake  and  his  men  thought 
of  nothing  but  Westward  Ho  !  again.  Far  north  he  went  in  a 
vain  search  for  the  straits  that  fancy  said  lay  above  San  Fran- 
cisco. His  men  were  washed  white  with  the  tropic  sea  fevers, 
and  their  blood  was  too  thin  to  withstand  the  rigours  of  even 
the  temperate  seas  farther  north.  Again,  disregarding  the 
dangers  from  Spaniards,  he  turned  south,  and  on  September  26th, 
1580,  they  reached  the  shores  of  England,  and  the  white  cliffs 
and  green  trees  of  Plymouth  showed  up  in  the  early  morning 
mist. 

And  as  the  little  ship  came  in  past  Rame  Head,  Cawsand  Bav, 
and  Pickleton  Point,  the  drum  rolled  again  on  the  quarterdeck, 
and  the  crew,  in  sad-coloured  silks,  and  the  remnants  of  the  finer 
clothing  of  the  ravished  dons,  lined  the  bulwarks  and  strained 
their  eyes  to  the  crowd  that  clustered  on  the  quay.  Thin  and 
hardened,  with  muscles  of  the  toughness  of  Damascus  steel,  they 
sprang  ashore  to  greet  their  friends  and  wives  and  sweethearts. 
That  night,  when  the  taverns  spilled  their  night's  guests  on  the 
Hoe,  a  procession  formed  and  marched  away  to  the  house  where 
Frankie  Drake  lay,  and  he  woke  to  the  sound  of  a  slackened 
parchment  played  with  a  devil-may-care  roll.  And  the  song 
that  they  sang  to  the  roll  of  the  drum  was  a  song  that  had  put 
the  fear  of  the  Lord  into  the  famiUars  of  the  Inquisition  and  the 
galley  masters  of  the  Spaniards  away  on  the  imdemeath  part 
of  the  world.  The  drum  is  still  to  sound  for  us,  and  if  you  go 
listen  on  the  Channel  shores  you  can  hear  it  mutter  ceaselessly 
out  to  sea.  If  ever  danger  threatened  England  Drake  said  the 
drum  should  beat  again,  and  he  knew  what  he  meant  when  he 
said  it.  Now  danger  does  threaten  us,  and  the  roll  of  the  sticks 
and  the  thrum,  thrum,  of  the  parchment  can  be  heard  from  the 
Start  to  the  Wash. 

•  The  sons  of  the  men  who  started  from  Plymouth  a  bare  thirty 
years  after  Drake  rounded  Penlee  in  the  Pelican  are  here  again 
in  the  Channel,  and  their  battles  have  yet  to  be  fought.  They 
call  themselves  Americans,  but  their  title  matters  Httle.  We 
claim  them  and  they  claim  us.  If  they  listen  they  may  hear 
Drake's  Drum  sounding  down  the  Channel,  and  they  must  not 
heed  the  people  who  would  tell  them  that  the  sound  they  hear 
is  the  noise  of  the  guns  in  France. 

For  it  is  the  roll  of  Drake's  Drum,  played  for  the  men  who 
stayed  in  England  and  for  the  men  who  followed  his  ship's  wake 
to  the  Americas.— The  Times. 


46  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


The  Great  Picture  Case. 

For  seven  days  in  the  month  of  May,  1917,  a  remarkable 
trial  took  place  in  the  High  Court  of  Justice,  before  Mr.  Justice 
Darling,  concerning  the  authorship  of  a  full-length  picture  of 
two  ladies,  which  had  been  sold  by  Messrs.  Lewis  &  Simmons, 
art  dealers,  of  New  Bond  Street,  to  Mr.  Henry  Huntington, 
of  New  York,  for  the  sum  of  ;f20,000.  The  plaintiff,  Mr. 
Huntington,  alleged  that  the  defendants  represented  the  picture 
to  be  a  portrait  of  Mrs.  Siddons  and  her  sister.  Miss  Fanny 
Kemble,  by  the  famous  portrait-painter  Romney,  whereas  it 
was  not  a  portrait  of  these  ladies  and  was  not  by  Romney,  and 
he  claimed  damages  for  breach  of  warranty.  Many  expert 
witnesses  were  examined :  "  some  said  it  was  undoubtedly 
by  Romney,  and  some  most  undoubtedly  that  it  was  not  by 
Romney,  and  some,  having  very  small  data  to  go  upon,  expressed 
the  opinion  that  it  was  by  Ozias  Humphry,"  in  which  case  it 
was  worth  only"  £400.  On  the  seventh  day  the  case  came  to 
an  abrupt  and  dramatic  end,  for  both  sides  had  independently 
obtained  information  of  the  original  sketch  for  this  picture  in 
the  library  of  the  Royal  Academy,  bearing  Humphry's  usual 
signature — a  Roman  capital  H  within  an  O.  The  painting, 
therefore,  was  "  proved  to  demonstration  "  to  be  by  this  artist, 
and  it  probably  represents,  not  Mrs.  Siddons  and  her  sister, 
but  the  Ladies  Horatia  and  Maria  Waldegrave. 

Now,  this  is  of  special  interest  to  us,  because  Ozias  Humphry 
was  a  Devonian,  bom  at  Honiton  on  September  8,  1742.  He 
was  celebrated  chiefly  as  a  miniature  painter,  and  commenced 
his  career  in  this  form  of  art  in  1764.  After  spending  four  years 
in  Italy,  he  returned  to  London  in  1777,  and  attempted  to  gain 
his  Hving  by  painting  life-size  oil  portraits,  but  did  not  succeed 
as  well  as  in  his  old  style,  to  which  he  reverted.  However, 
owing  to  failing  eyesight,  he  gave  this  up  and  turned  his  attention 
to  crayon  drawing,  in  which  he  was  also  successful.  Eventually 
he  became  quite  blind,  and  died  at  Thornhaugh  Street,  Bedford 
Square,  on  March  9,  1810,  aged  67  years.  He  became  A.R.A. 
in  1779,  R.A.  in  1791,  and  portrait-painter  in  crayon  to  the 
King  in  1792. 

On  production  of  the  sketch,  the  defendants  at  once  agreed 
to  take  the  picture  back,  to  re-pay  the  £20,000  with  interest, 
and  to  pay  the  costs  of  the  action.  They  also  offered  the  picture 
— which  was  practically  the  only  important  work  in  oils  sur- 
viving from  that  artist — to  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  or 
to  the  Royal  Academy ;  or,  failing  them,  to  the  Metropolitan 
Museum  of  New  York.    An  interesting  feature  of  the  case  is 


Notes  and  Gleanings  47 


the  evidence  it  gives  of  the  falHbility  of  experts  and  ot  the 
fictitious  value  of  pictures.  The  same  painting  which  was 
worth  £20,000  when  supposed  to  be  by  Romney,  drops  in  value 
to  £400  when  known  to  be  by  Humphry.  As  a  work  of  art 
it  would  be  no  better  for  being  by  one  artist,  and  no  worse  for 
being  by  the  other ;  but  the  purchaser  was  willing  to  pay 
£19,600  for  a  name,  and  his  only  grievance  was  that  he  did  not 
get  it.  A  rose  by  any  other  name  may  smell  as  sweet,  but,  to 
the  eye  of  picture-buyers,  a  painting  by  another  name  does  not 
look  as  good. 

The  Fate  of  Hallsands. 

Twenty  years  ago  Hallsands,  near  the  Start  Lighthouse, 
was  a  picturesque  and  secluded  fishing  village,  consisting  of 
thirty-seven  cottages  built  into  the  tall  dark  cliffs,  "  just  as 
the  house-martins  plaster  their  nests  against  the  eaves."  To-day 
nothing  remains  but  ruins,  for  the  violent  storms  of  the  26th 
and  27th  of  January,  1917,  completed  the  destruction  which 
had  been  threatened,  and  had  in  fact  been  going  on,  for  some 
years.  Indeed,  as  early  as  1905  eight  cottages  had  been  washed 
awav,  ten  more  had  been  seriously  damaged  but  repaired,  and 
others  had  sustained  lesser  injuries.  The  whole  village  would 
have  disappeared  had  not  a  number  of  new  sea-walls  been  built 
in  1903-4.  Fortunately  they  weathered  the  last  storm  unhurt, 
for  had  any  of  them  failed  on  the  night  of  Friday,  the  26th 
January,  many  lives  must  have  been  lost. 

From  Mr.  R.  Hansford  Worth's  graphic  account  of  the  catas- 
trophe, we  learn  that  on  this  evening  the  seas  ran  right  on  to 
the  sea-walls  before  breaking,  and  crashed  solidly  on  to  road 
and  houses  in  volumes  of  water  many  feet  in  depth.  The 
inhabitants  took  refuge  in  back  rooms,  on  tables  to  keep  out 
of  the  water,  and  there  "  wet,  cold,  but,  if  we  know  them,  not 
unduly  anxious,  they  awaited  the  ebb.  To  go  outside  was  to 
go  to  certain  death  ;  to  remain  was  the  one  chance  of  safety, 
qualified  by  the  probability  that  the  house  would  collapse,  as 
indeed  happened  to  nearly  every  house  at  the  next  tide.  With 
low  water  there  was  midnight  activity  in  the  little  village  ; 
through  the  storm  the  men  and  women  carried  their  furniture 
and  household  goods,  to  place  them  in  the  chapel  on  the  hill 
top  and  in  sheds.  The  wind  was  tremendous  ;  pictures  were 
torn  from  the  hands  which  held  them  and  whirled  away  in  the 
darkness.  The  men  could  hardly  bear  up  under  the  weight  of 
the  gale  beating  upon  their  loads.  The  village  was  practically 
abandoned ;    the  seas  of  the  next  high  tide  swept  and  wrecked 


48  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

it.  Of  twenty-nine  houses  standing  on  the  Friday  many  had 
disappeared  entirely  by  Sunday  noon  ;  all  were  wrecked,  and 
only  one,  the  highest  in  the  village,  was  still  inhabited.  That 
one  house  had  another  immediately  in  tront  of  it  hopelessly 
broken  up,  and  a  timber  from  the  ruin  was  cast  up  on  its  roof. 
Some  buildings  have  so  completely  disappeared  that  not  even 
their  foundations  are  visible.  Others  have  their  walls  or  part 
of  their  walls  still  standing  ;  a  few  seem  at  a  casual  glance 
fairly  intact  except  for  their  windows  and  their  roofs,  but  these 
apparently  favoured  structures  must  on  examination  be  con- 
demned." 

The  poor  people  are  incHned  to  think  that  the  disaster  was 
mainly  due  to  the  dredging  of  shingle  in  front  of  their  village 
for  making  concrete  for  the  Kevham  Docks  Extension  Works, 
but  this  probably  only  hastened  the  catastrophe.  "  That  the 
Government  should  have  allowed  it  astonished  people  who 
knew  this  coast  intimately,  and  disaster  to  Hallsands  was  pre- 
dicted "  ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  "  the  hardihood — the  fool- 
hardihood  one  might  almost  say — that  ever  induced  mortal 
man  to  build  habitations  in  this  perilous  position  under  the 
threatening  edge  of  the  cliffs  and  on  the  margin  of  the  waves 
can  be  appreciated  only  by  those  who  look  upon  the  place." 
At  any  rate,  Mr.  Worth  says  :  "  Let  no  doubt  remain  in  any 
mind,  the  village  of  Hallsands  can  never  be  reconstructed  on 
its  former  site,  except  to  meet  again  its  present  fate." 

"  Before  the  dredging  began  there  were  38  fishermen.  In  1914, 
before  the  war,  there  were  36  fishermen  working  18  boats.  In 
1917,  before  the  storm,  only  8  boats  fished  from  Hallsands. 
Each  boat  is  worked  by  two  men  in  partnership,  and  the  men 
of  Hallsands  had  other  work  to  do.  Eight  of  the  fishing  com- 
munity had  joined  the  services,  chiefly  as  Naval  reservists, 
four  were  coast  watching,  ten  other  natives  of  the  place  were 
in  the  services,  men  who,  after  their  spell  in  the  Navy,  would 
return  home  and  settle  down  to  the  fishing.  The  elder  men 
at  home  have  kept  to  their  occupation,  which  is  itself  a  service 
to  the  country,  if  it  is  also  their  livehhood.  And  these  are  the 
men  so  engaged  whose  homes  and  whose  houses — for  most 
owned  their  own  cottages — have  now  been  destroyed.  The 
very  cause  and  origin  of  their  troubles  was  a  mistaken  action 
by  two  Government  departments  directly  intended  for  the 
nation's  benefit.  If  not  justice,  then  at  least  gratitude  should 
appeal  to  the  nation  to  reinstate  in  their  possessions  and  in 
their  means  and  opportunity  of  livehhood  the  men  of  Hallsands." 


Notes  and  Gleanings  49 


Dame  Partington  and  her  Mop. 

The  fate  of  Hallsands  and  the  irresistible  force  of  the  sea 
remind  one  of  the  story  of  "  Dame  Partington  and  her  Mop," 
which  is  also  localized  in  Devonshire.  The  origin  of  this 
story,  which  has  become  almost  proverbial,  is  given  in  the 
memoir  of  the  Rev.  Sydney  Smith,  written  by  his  daughter, 
Lady  Holland,  and  is  as  follows  :  "  When  we  were  staying  with 
Lord  Morley  at  Saltram,  my  father  received  the  news  that 
Lord  Grey  had  appointed  him  to  a  Prebendal  stall  at  St.  Paul's, 
in  exchange  for  the  one  of  inferior  value  he  held  at  Bristol, 
which  had  previously  been  presented  to  him  by  his  friend. 
Lord  Lyndhurst.  These  glad  tidings,  together  with  the  charm 
of  the  place,  the  weather,  the  society  of  our  charming  hostess, 
and  the  many  kind,  warm  old  friends  he  found  assembled  there, 
who  all  seemed  to  rejoice  really  as  if  the  benefit  had  been  con- 
ferred on  themselves,  produced  such  an  effect  on  his  spirits, 
that  it  would  be  difficult  to  forget  that  week.  I  hardly  ever 
remember  him  more  brilliant.  On  his  return  he  wrote  the 
little  squib  of  Mrs.  Partington  and  her  battle  with  the  Atlantic, 
which  had  a  success  quite  unlooked  for,  spreading  in  every 
direction  ;  and  sketches  of  Mrs.  Partington  and  her  mop  were 
to  be  seen  in  the  windows  of  all  the  picture  shops  about  the 
country."  The  Taunton  Courier  of  October  12,  1831,  reports 
a  speech  made  by  the  Rev.  Prebendary  on  the  Reform  Bill, 
where  he  says:  "  I  do  not  mean  to  be  disrespectful,  but  the 
attempt  of  the  Lords  to  stop  the-  progress  of  Reform  reminds 
me  very  forcibly  of  the  great  storm  at  Sidmouth,  and  of  the 
conduct  of  the  excellent  Mrs.  Partington  on  that  occasion. 
In  the  winter  of  1824,  there  set  in  a  great  flood  upon  that  town 
— the  tide  rose  to  an  incredible  height — the  waves  rushed  in 
upon  the  houses,  and  everything  was  threatened  with  destruction. 
In  the  midst  of  this  sublime  and  terrible  storm.  Dame  Partington, 
who  hved  upon  the  beach,  was  seen  at  the  door  of  her  house 
with  mop  and  pattens,  trundling  her  mop,  and  squeezing  out 
the  sea-water,  and  vigorously  pushing  away  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
The  Atlantic  was  roused,  Mrs.  Partington's  spirit  was  up ; 
but  I  need  not  tell  you  that  the  contest  was  unequal.  The 
Atlantic  Ocean  beat  Mrs.  Partington.  She  was  excellent  at 
a  slop  or  a  puddle,  but  she  should  not  have  meddled  with  a 
tempest ;  be  at  your  ease — be  quiet  and  steady.  You  will 
beat  Mrs.  Partington."  Both  the  writing  of  the  squib  and  the 
speech  at  Taunton  took  place  in  October,  1831,  but  which  had 
the  precedence  does  not  appear. 


50  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


Slapton  Ley. 

In  great  contrast  to  the  picture  of  the  fate  of  Hallsands  is 
the  vision  ot  the  neighbouring  Slapton  Ley,  conjured  up  by  a 
member  of  the  British  Forces  in  German  East  Africa : — 

"  Marching  on  Tanga,  marching  the  parched  plain 
Of  wavering  spear-grass  past  Pangani  river, 
England  came  to  me — me  who  had  always  ta'en 
But  never  given  before — England,  the  giver. 
In  a  vision  of  three  poplar  trees  that  shiver 
On  still  evenings  of  summer,  after  rain. 
By  Slapton  Ley,  where  reed-beds  start  and  quiver 
When  scarce  a  ripple  moves  the  upland  grain." 

"  A  longer  glimpse  "  of  this  charming  spot  and  its  many 
beauties  was  given  by  Mr.  Eden  Phillpotts  in  The  Times  of 
July  14,  1916  :— 

"  The  little  lake  lies  separated  from  the  sea  by  a  beach  of 
bright  shingle,  on  one  side  of  which  grow  sea-holly  and  horn 
poppies  and  convolvulus,  while  the  other  gleams  with  purple 
drifts  of  the  viper's  bugloss  and  silver  wormwood,  just  breaking 
into  lemon-coloured  bloom.  Rare  plants  nestle  round  about 
also,  for  almost  within  the  reach  of  the  tides  the  purple  spurge 
straggles  with  ruddy  fingers,  while  beside  the  fresh  water  of 
the  ley  that  minute  and  infrequent  herb,  the  strapwort,  dwells. 
Littorella  is  in  the  marsh  with  water  gladiolus  ;  and  the  hound's 
tongue  stands  ashore  beside  black  henbane — that  maligned  but 
not  malignant  beauty.  Her  pale,  maze-coloured  blossoms  are 
fretted  with  purple  traceries  round  the  gloomy  centre  of  each 
blossom  ;  her  scent  so  strange,  her  foliage  so  exquisite,  her 
power  so  tremendous,  win  admiration  and  respect.  Here  she 
dreams — a  creature  apart,  a  plant  of  mystery,  holding  the  keys 
of  sleep  and  death. 

"  The  lake  and  the  shore,  separated  by  a  straight  white  road, 
blend  into  a  complete  picture.  The  blue  sea  sweeps  to  the 
horizon  ;  the  lagoon  extends  all  rippled  with  light  and  wind 
to  its  winding  bank  of  elm  trees  and  undulating  lands  whitening 
to  harvest  above  them.  Green  reeds  wave  in  long,  true  lines 
against  the  water,  and  where  the  wind  is  still  images  of  the 
upland  are  reflected  and  shine.  Beneath  the  reeds  lie  acres  of 
brighter  green,  flecked  with  sunshine,  floating  in  a  medley  and 
lifting  their  rims  and  pattines  in  lushfulness  of  life.  Amid 
their  foliage  white  water  lilies  star  the  ley  and  twinkle  in  galaxies 
upon  the  green. 

"  Arundo,  the  great  reed,  masses  grandly  here,  and  each 
spear-shaped  blade  rubs  against  its  neighbour  until  the  whole 


Notes  and  Gleanings  51 


rond  makes  silky,  sleepy  music,  and  hushes  the  hour  to  silence. 
Above  them  a  grey  haze  floats,  like  a  little  cloud.  It  moves 
not,  for  it  is  woven  of  last  year's  naked  flower-stalks,  and  its 
place  will  soon  be  yielded  up  to  the  purple  panicles  of  autumn 
and  another  harvest. 

"  Swans  breast  the  water,  black  coots,  brown  dabchicks, 
and  moorhens  go  their  way  upon  it  ;  while  overhead  the  gulls 
swoop  and  cackle  to  them  of  the  wonders  of  the  deep.  Rabbits 
hop  along  the  low  dunes,  and  where  the  water  meadows  open 
at  lake-side  there  graze  sheep,  very  white  after  shearing.  And 
above  spreads  a  bright  sky  wherein  light  is  diffused  to  an  equable 
and  pearly  lustre,  just  slashed  and  fretted  with  blue,  like  a  fair 
sea  shell." 

The  Lion  Sermon. 

The  "  Lion  Sermon,"  preached  annually  in  the  church  of 
St.  Katherine  Cree,  is  of  special  interest  to  London  Devonians, 
seeing  that  the  founder  was  a  native  of  Devon.  Within  the 
altar  rails  of  this  church  is  a  bust  of  Sir  John  Gayer,  with  these 
two  passages  of  Scripture  on  either  side,  "  The  eyes  of  the  Lord 
are  over  the  righteous,  and  His  ears  ate  open  unto  their  prayers," 
and,  "  The  effectual  fervent  prayer  of  a  righteous  man  availeth 
much  "  ;  while  underneath  is  a  brass,  erected  in  1888  by 
descendants  of  the  knight,  with  a  long  inscription  which  begins 
as  follows : — 

In  Memory*  of 

Sir  John  Gayer,   Knt., 

Founder  of  the  "  Lion  Sermon,"  who  was  descended  from 

the  old  West  Country  Family  of  Gayer, 

and  was  born  at  Plymouth, 

and  became  Sheriff  of  this  City  of  London  in  1635, 

and  Lord  Mayor  of  London  in  1647. 

A  subsequent  paragraph  informs  us  that  "  He  resided  in  this 
parish,  and  '  Dyed  in  peace  in  his  owne  house '  on  the  20th  of 
July,  1649."  Sir  John  was  a  man  of  remarkable  enterprise 
for  his  time,  and  travelled  far  in  furtherance  of  his  business  as 
a  "  Turkey  Merchant."  On  one  occasion,  while  journeying 
through  Arabia  with  a  caravan  of  traders,  he  got,  towards 
nightfall,  separated  from  his  company,  and  found  himself  com- 
pelled to  spend  the  hours  of  darkness  alone  in  the  desert.  Falling 
on  his  knees,  he  made  a  solemn  vow  that  all  the  profits  of  his 
expedition  should  be  given  to  God  and  the  poor,  if  the  hand  of 


52  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 8 

Divine  Providence  should  bring  him  back  in  safety  to  his  home. 
While  he  was  praying,  a  lion  of  magnificent  size,  with  bristling 
mane,  and  eyes  aglow,  approached  him  ;  its  hot  bieath  passed 
over  him,  as  the  creature  sniffed  at  him,  and  he  saw  its  great 
form,  dusky  in  the  dim  Ught,  prowling  around  and  again  around 
him  ;  then,  without  harming  a  hair  of  his  head,  the  monarch 
of  the  desert  stalked  off  into  the  darkness.  Sir  John  spent  the 
remainder  of  the  night  upon  his  knees ;  and  in  the  morning 
succeeded  in  rejoining  his  companions,  and  in  due  time  returned 
home.  In  fulfilment  of  his  vow  he  gave  large  benefactions  to 
the  poor  of  his  own  parish  during  the  rest  of  his  lifetime  ;  and 
at  his  death  left  £200  for  their  rehef,  on  condition  that  "  a  sermon 
should  be  occasionally  preached  in  the  church  to  commemorate 
his  deliverance  from  the  jaws  of  the  lion." — ^Tyack,  Lore  and 
Legend  of  the  English  Church. 


D 


evon. 


Deep-wooded  combes,  clear-mounded  hills  of  morn, 
Red  sunset  tides  against  a  red  sea-wall, 
High  lonely  barrows  where  the  curlews  call. 

Far  moors  that  echo  to  the  ringing  horn — 

Devon  !  thou  spirit  of  all  these  beauties  bom, 
All  these  are  thine,  but  thou  art  more  than  all  ; 
Speech  can  but  tell  thy  name,  praise  can  but  fall 

Beneath  the  cold  white  sea-mist  of  thy  scorn. 

Yet,  yet,  O  noble  land,  forbid  us  not 

Even  now  to  join  our  faint  memorial  chime 

To  the  fierce  chant  wherewith  their  hearts  were  hot 
Who  took  the  tide  in  thy  Imperial  prime  ; 

Whose  glory's  thine  till  glory  sleeps  forgot 
With  her  ancestral  phantoms,  Pride  and  Time. 

Henry  Newbolt, 
Songs  of  Memory  and  Hope — Murra}: 


Eastward  Ho  !  "  53 


Eastward    Ho  ! 

(By  permlMion  of  the  Author  and  of  (he  Editor  of  Everyman.) 

"  See,  there  walks  Sir  Richard  Grenville!"  cried  the  Torridge 

to  the  Taw, 
"  Many  suns  have  lit  our  waters  since  that  comely  face  we  saw! 
Oh,  his  bonny  eyes  are  sparkling,  as  they  sparkled  long  ago. 
As  he  hears  the  surf  a-booming  on  the  Ridge  at  Westward  Ho  !  " 
"  'Tis  his  ghost  !  "  said  Taw  to  Torridge.     "  Mark  how  silently 

he  glides  ! 
Those  are  spirit  eyes  a-gazing  out  across  our  mingling  tides. 
See,  the  moon  is  shining  through  him  as  he  lifts  his  gleaming 

sword, 
Whilst  his  phantom  voice  goes  ringing  through  the  woods  to 

Bideford." 

A  Grenville  !     A  Grenville  !    Come,  who  is  for  a  Grenville  ? 
With  my  body  fought  your  fathers  ;    with  my  spirit  shall  ye 

fight. 
It  was  Westward  Ho  !  before,  in  that  little  Spanish  war  ; 
Now  it's  Eastward  Ho  !  for  Flanders,  and  may  God  defend 

the  right ! 

Eastward  Ho  !     Eastward  Ho  ! 
Men  of  England,  let  us  go, 
Crying,  "  Eastward  Ho  !  for  Flanders,  and  may  God  defend 

the  right !  " 

"  See  the  men  of  Northern  Devon  !  "  cried  the  Torridge  to 

the  Taw, 
"  They  have  risen  in  their  thousands — such  a  sight  you  never 

saw  ! 
From  the  heights  of  Contisbury  to  grim  Hartland  in  the  West  ; 
Bustling  town  and  peaceful  village,  each  has  given  of  its  best  !  " 
"  They  have  heard,"  said  Taw  to  Torridge,  "  one  who  with 

his  spirit's  breath 
Fiercely  fans  that  flame  of  courage  which  can  light  men  unto 

death. 
Though  no  mortal  eyes  may  see  him  as  he  lifts  his  gleaming 

sword. 
Yet  the  heart  may  hear  him  calling  through  the  woods  to 

Bideford  !  " 


54  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

A  Grenville  !    A  Grenville  !    Come,  who  is  for  a  Grenville  ? 
There  is  work  enow  out  yonder  ere  the  foe  be  put  to  flight. 
It  was  Westward  Ho  !  before,  in  that  httle  Spanish  war  ; 
Now  it's  Eastward  Ho  !  for  Flanders,  and  may  God  defend 
the  right  ! 

Eastward  Ho  !     Eastward  Ho  ! 

Men  of  England,  let  us  go. 
Crying,  "  Eastward  Ho  !  for  Flanders,  and  may  God  defend 


the  right 


Dudley  Clark. 


The  Pride  of  North  Devon. 

Among  all  the  heroic  faces  which  the  painters  of  that  age  have 
preserved,  none,  perhaps,  hardly  excepting  Shakespeare's  or 
Spenser's,  Alva's  or  Parma's,  is  more  heroic  than  that  of  Richard 
Grenvile,  as  it  stands  in  Prince's  Worthies  of  Devon  ;  of  a  Spanish 
type,  perhaps  (or  more  truly  speaking,  a  Cornish),  rather  than 
an  English,  with  just  enough  of  the  British  element  in  it  to  give 
delicacy  to  its  massiveness.  The  foiehead  and  whole  brain  are 
of  extraordinary  loftiness,  and  perfectly  upright  ;  the  nose 
long,  aquiline,  and  dehcately  pointed  ;  the  mouth  fringed  with 
a  short  silky  beard,  small  and  ripe,  yet  firm  as  granite,  with  just 
pout  enough  of  the  lower  lip  to  give  hint  of  that  capacity  of 
noble  indignation  which  lay  hid  under  its  usual  courtly  calm  and 
sweetness  ;  if  there  be  a  defect  in  the  face,  it  is  that  the  eyes 
are  somewhat  small,  and  close  together,  and  the  eyebrows, 
though  delicately  arched,  and,  without  a  trace  of  peevishness, 
too  closely  pressed  down  upon  them  ;  the  complexion  is  dark, 
the  figure  tall  and  graceful ;  altogether  the  likeness  of  a  wise 
and  gallant  gentleman,  lovely  to  all  good  men,  awful  to  all  bad 
men  ;  in  whose  presence  none  dare  say  or  do  a  mean  or  a  ribald 
thing  ;  whom  brave  men  left,  feeling  themselves  nerved  to  do 
their  duty  better,  while  cowards  slipped  away,  as  bats  and  owls 
before  the  sun.— -Charles  Kingsi.ey,  Westward  Ho ! 


fy 


SIR     RICHARD    GRENVILLE 


O^osiU  p.  U' 


New  Light  on  Sir  Richard  GrenvilU  55 

New  Light  on  Sir  Richard  Grenville. 

By  R.  PEARSE  CHORE.  B.A. 

{Abstract  of  two  Papers  read  before  the  Devonshire  Association 
at  Barnstaple,  July  25th.  1917.) 

1  — THE  PROJECTED   SOUTH   SEAS  VOYAGE. 

The  story  of  "  The  Last  Fight  of  the^Revenge  "  is  known  to 
everybody.  As  Bacon  says,  it  is  "  memorable  even  beyond 
credit,  and  to  the  height  of  some  heroical  fable."  It  has  been 
told  in  stately  prose  by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  and  in  immortal 
verse  by  Lord  Tennyson.  Froude,  in  his  briUiant  essay  on 
"  England's  Forgotten  Worthies,"  and  Kingsley,  in  his  stirring 
novel  of  Westward  Ho!  have  swelled  the  chorus  of  praise. 

The  glamour  thus  cast  upon  our  hero's  glorious  end  has  had 
the  unfortunate  effect  of  obscuring  the  previous  events  of  his 
life,  and  causing  us  to  regard  him  merely  as  a  very  gallant, 
though  possibly  wrong-headed,  fighter.  But  he  had  been  for 
many  years  one  of  the  leading  spirits,  even  among  the  great 
men  of  Elizabeth's  reign — a  pioneer  of  exploration  and  colo- 
nization, and  a  profound  patriot. 

Little  is  known  of  his  early  days,  but  he  was  born,  probably 
at  Bideford  in  North  Devon,  about  the  year  1542.  His  father. 
Sir  Roger  Grenville,  was  drowned  in  the  Mary  Rose  when 
Richard  was  only  four  or  five  years  old,  and  his  mother  soon 
afterwards  married  Thomas  Arundel,  of  Clifton,  in  Cornwall, 
We  first  hear  of  him  in  history  as  taking  part  in  a  campaign 
against  the  Turks,  with  several  of  his  West-country  friends 
and  relations,  after  which  he  went  across  to  Ireland,  and  was 
associated  with  other  West-country  gentlemen  in  an  attempted 
settlement  of  Munster.  They  undertook  to  occupy  at  their 
own  cost,  and  at  their  own  risk,  the  whole  of  the  confiscated 
territory  of  the  Earl  of  Desmond.  Without  waiting  for  the 
Queen's  approval  of  their  scheme,  Grenville  and  his  wife's 
cousin,  Sir  Warham  St.  Leger,  seized  a  number  of  farms  and 
castles  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Cork,  and  then  hastened  to 
London  to  quicken  her  Majesty's  resolution,  leaving  their  wives 
in  charge  of  their  newly-acquired  property.  The  moment  of 
their  absence  was  seized  by  James  Fitzmaurice,  the  Earl  of 
Desmond's  brother,  to  call  his  people  under  arms.  Lady  St. 
Leger  and  Mrs.  Grenville  had  just  time  to  escape  into  Cork ; 


56  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

the  whole  establishment — tenants,  servants,  farm-labourers — 
had  their  throats  cut,  and  ten  thousand  of  their  cattle  were 
driven  off  into  the  hills. 

Grenville  apparently  remained  in  England,  and  for  a  short 
time  devoted  himself  to  home  affairs,  becoming  M.P.  for  Corn- 
wall. Foiled  in  his  attempt  at  the  settlement  of  Ireland,  he 
■turned  his  attention  farther  afield,  and,  after  a  few  years' 
meditation,  relieved  by  parliamentary  duties  and  piracy,  he 
propounded  a  remarkable  and  far-reaching  plan  of  exploration 
and  colonization,  which  was  afterwards  followed  by  Drake  in 
his  famous  voyage  of  drcumnavigation.  On  August  9th,  1573, 
Drake  returned  from  r^ ombre  de  Dios,  having  ascended  the 
"  great  and  goodly  high  tree  "  to  view  the  South  Sea,  and 
"  besought  Almighty  God  of  his  goodness  to  give  him  life  and 
leave  to  sail  once  an  English  ship  in  that  sea."  This  probably 
gave  Grenville  the  idea  that  the  best  way  to  discover  the  North- 
west passage  was  to  make  the  attempt  from  the  Pacific  side 
instead  of  from  the  North  Atlantic,  passing  through  Magellan's 
Strait  and  the  South  Sea  to  the  "  Straits  of  Anian  "  (supposed 
to  be  considerably  south  of  what  is  now  known  as  Bering's 
Strait).  He  developed  this  idea  with  rare  insight,  and  wrote 
a  treatise  to  prove  the  superiority  of  his  plan  over  Gilbert's. 
It  is  entitled  :  "A  discourse  concerning  a  Strait  to  be  dis- 
covered toward  the  north-west  passing  to  Cathaia  and  the 
Orientall  Indians,  with  a  confutation  of  their  error  that  think 
the  discovery  thereof  to  be  most  conveniently  attempted  to 
the  North  of  Baccalaos  "  (that  is,  Newfoundland  and  Labrador). 
A  copy  of  the  treatise  is  endorsed  by  Burghley  himself :  "  Mr. 
Greynf eld's  voyage  "  ;  and  it  was  probably  written  specially 
for  him.  But  this  was  only  a  part  of  Grenville's  great  scheme, 
for  he  proposed  first  to  found  a  settlement  on  the  River  Plate, 
and  then  pass  the  Strait  of  Magellan  and  estabhsh  settlements 
wherever  a  good  country  for  such  could  be  found. 

In  furtherance  of  this  portion  of  the  scheme,  he,  with  "  certain 
gentlemen  of  the  west  parts,"  presented  a  petition  to  the  Queen 
on  March  22nd,  1573-4,  asking  her  to  allow  this  enterprise  for 
discovery  of  sundry  rich  and  unknown  lands,  "  fatally  (and  as 
it  seemeth  by  God's  providence)  reserved  for  England "  and 
the  honour  of  her  Majesty.  This  petition  is  neither  signed 
nor  dated,  but  it  is  endorsed  by  Burghley :  "  22nd  March, 
1573[-4].  Supplication  of  certain  gentlemen  in  the  west  parts 
for  a  new  navigation.  To  the  Queen's  Majesty."  Then,  in 
another  hand,  somebody  has  added:  "Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert, 
Sir  George  Peckham,  Mr.  Carlile  and  Sir  Richard  Greenvile 
and  others.       Voyages."       This  second  endorsement  was  ob- 


New  Light  on  Sir  Richard  Grenville  57 

viously  added  at  a  later  date,  and  it  is  incorrect  for  several 
reasons,  viz.  :  (1)  Grenville  was  not  knighted  until  1577  ;  (2) 
Sir  George  Peckham,  a  life-long  friend  of  Gilbert  and  executor 
of  his  will,  and  Mr.  Christopher  Carleill,  Walsingham's  son-in- 
law,  were  not  in  any  sense  "  gentlemen  in  the  west  parts,"  but 
they  were  both  associated  with  expeditions  to  North  America, 
while,  as  we  shall  see  in  a  letter  and  articles  addressed  to  the 
Lord  Admiral,  this  expedition  was  for  a  "  south  voyage  "  for  "  a 
discovery  of  lands  beyond  the  equinoctial  [that  is,  the  equator]  ; 
(3)  Gilbert  himself  at  this  time  was  busily  engaged  on  his  own 
scheme  for  the  discovery  of  the  North-West  passage,  and  is 
not  likely  to  have  favoured  a  rival  scheme,  as  this  undoubtedly 
was  ;  (4)  there  is  no  other  evidence  of  Grenville  being  associated 
with  any  of  Gilbert's  enterprises.  This  misleading  endorse- 
ment has  given  rise  to  much  confusion,  for  there  is  no  indication 
in  the  Calendar  that  it  is  in  a  different  hand  from  Burghley's. 
It  has  not  only  vitiated  biographies  of  Gilbert,  but  it  has  also 
had  the  unfortunate  effect  of  depriving  Grenville  of  the  credit, 
which  is  undoubtedly  his  due,  of  being  the  leading  spirit  of 
the  enterprise  and  the  pioneer  of  the  idea  of  exploration,  trading, 
and  colonization  in  the  South  Sea.  Sir  John  Laughton,  for 
example,  in  his  very  inadequate  and  unsympathetic  life  of 
Grenville,  in  the  Dictionary  of  National  Biography,  actually 
adduces  this  endorsement  to  prove  that  Grenville  was  knighted 
before  the  date  of  this  petition,  ignoring  the  fact  that  he  is 
nowhere  else  described  as  a  knight  until  1577. 

The  petition  to  the  Lord  Admiral,  like  that  to  the  Queen, 
is  neither  signed  nor  dated,  but  it  is  endorsed  by  Burghley  :  "  To 
my  Lord  Admiral  for  the  south  voyage  of  the  western  gentle- 
men," and  the  accompanying  articles  are  endorsed  with  the 
date,  1573[-4],  and  the  heading  :  "  A  discovery  of  lands  beyond 
the  equinoctial."  They  form  a  very  able  and  business-like 
statement,  setting  out  under  eight  different  headings  the  nature 
of  the  scheme,  its  practicability,  and  the  advantages  likely  to 
accrue  from  it.  Briefly,  the  adventurers  propose  to  discover, 
trade  with,  and  occupy  any  lands  south  of  the  equator  not 
already  possessed  by  any  Christian  Prince.  They  had  ships 
of  their  own  well  prepared,  mariners  and  sailors  to  whom  the 
passage  "  almost  thither "  was  known,  and  they  point  out 
that  the  West  Country  Hes  the  apt  est  of  all  parts  of  England 
for  na\-igation  southward.  They  offered  to  perform  the  whole 
voyage  at  their  own  charges,  and  to  provide  at  least  four  good 
ships,  at  a  cost  of  £5,000,  viz.,  £2,000  in  shipping  and  furniture, 
£2,000  in  victuals  and  necessaries  for  the  company,  and  £1,000 
in  cloth  and  merchandize  for  trading  purposes.     Among  the 


58  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

many  advantages  they  mention:  (1)  the  enlarging  of  Christian 
faith,  free  from  the  unnatural  and  incredible  absurdities  of 
papistry ;  (2)  the  increase  of  English  navigation,  "  of  which 
commodity,  both  for  wealth  and  safety,  enough  cannot  be 
said  "  ;  (3)  the  likelihood  of  bringing  great  treasure  of  gold, 
silver,  pearl,  and  other  commodities  from  those  countries ; 
(4)  the  setting  of  our  idle  and  needy  people  to  work,  both  in 
navigation  and  in  the  manufacture  of  cloth  and  other  goods 
for  export ;  (5)  abating  the  prices  of  spices  and  such  goods 
now  obtained  from  the  Portuguese  and  Spaniards,  and  conse- 
quently increasing  the  quantity  of  gold  and  silver  from  Spain 
itself,  in  order  to  counterbalance  the  value  of  our  cloth.  They 
say  their  strength  would  be  such  that  they  would  have  no  fear 
of  attacks  from  Portuguese  or  Spaniards  who  might  "  envy 
their  passage,"  besides  which  they  meant  to  keep  the  ocean 
and  not  enter  any  of  their  ports,  and  no  injury  would  be  offered 
to  any  prince  or  country,  nor  any  offence  of  amity.  They  ask 
her  Majesty  to  grant  her  letters  patent  to  the  authors  and  fellow- 
ship of  this  voyage  in  nature  of  a  Corporation,  and  also  special 
letters  of  commendation  to  all  princes  and  peoples  for  their 
loving  and  favourable  entertainment  and  traffic. 

The  full  scheme,  as  set  out  in  Grenville's  "  Discourse,"  was 
certainly  plausible  and  ingenious.  Admitting  that  the  actual 
distance  to  the  "  Straits  of  Anian  "  was  much  greater  by  way 
of  Magellan's  Strait  than  by  the  North- West  passage,  Grenville 
maintained  that,  nevertheless,  the  voyage  could  be  accomplished 
that  way  with  much  greater  facility.  On  the  one  hand,  the 
voyage  to  the  north  was  by  unknown  and  tempestuous  seas, 
navigable  only  during  three  months  of  the  year ;  on  the  other 
hand,  the  voyage  to  the  south  was  altogether  by  seas  known 
and  already  discovered,  even  as  far  as  Magellan's  Strait.  And 
as  for  commodities,  even  if  the  Strait  be  not  found,  the  southern 
voyage  would  so  far  excel  the  northern  as  gold,  silver,  and 
spice  doth  wax,  tar,  and  tallow ;  and  in  ease  and  safety  to 
the  traveller,  as  far  exceeding  as  the  day  doth  the  night  or  the 
summer  the  winter.  Grenville  proposed  to  leave  England  in 
the  summer,  so  that  he  might  easily,  as  he  reckoned,  reach 
Magellan's  Strait  before  the  equinox  (Sept.  21),  and  then 
bestow  three  weeks  at  least  in  plotting  and  discovering  the 
islands  and  other  commodities  for  fortification  of  the  Strait, 
if  need  were.  Then  before  Christmas  he  expected  with  facility 
to  arrive  at  the  Straits  of  Anian.  He  would  then  have  a  quarter 
of  a  year  to  discover  these  Straits  and  make  plots  of  every 
bay,  road,  port,  or  channel  therein,  and  to  sound  all  such  places 
as  in  that  passage  may  cause  peril.     In  which  time  the  sun 


New  Light  on  Sir  Richard  GrenvUU  59 

would  again  have  arrived  at  the  equinoctial  (March  21),  so 
that  he  would  have  the  whole  summer  to  return  from  the 
northern  seas,  and  the  first  three  months  to  employ  in  traffic 
with  Cathaia  or  other  islands  adjoining  the  said  Strait.  Five 
years  later,  Drake,  having  passed  through  Magellan's  Strait 
and  captured  much  Spanish  treasure  in  the  South  Seas,  en- 
deavoured to  find  his  way  home  through  the  "  Straits  of  Anian," 
but,  driven  back  by  the  cold,  he  altered  the  direction  of  his 
sailing  towards  the  Moluccas,  and  so  completed  the  circum- 
navigation of  the  world. 

It  has  been  supposed  that  nothing  further  came  of  Grenville's 
petition,  but  there  is,  hidden  away  among  the  State  Papers  of 
1590,  what  appears  to  be  a  draft  of  Letters  Patent  which  can 
only  refer  to  this  expedition.  We  have  the  evidence  of  Captain 
John  Oxenham  himself,  and  of  his  pilot  and  master,  taken  in 
the  Inquisition  at  Lima,  that  the  Queen  actually  gave  Grenville 
"  a  licence  to  come  to  the  Strait  of  Magellan  and  to  pass  to  the 
South  Sea,  in  order  to  search  for  land  or  some  islands  where 
to  found  settlements,  because  in  England  there  are  many  in- 
habitants and  but  httle  land  "  ;  he  averred  that  he  himself 
saw  the  licence  and  "  it  was  very  large  "  ;  and  he  added  that 
Grenville  had  spoken  many  times  with  him,  trying  to  persuade 
him  to  accompany  him,  but  he  did  not  wish  to  do  so.  There 
can  be  little  doubt  that  this  licence  was  the  document  I  have 
referred  to,  but  why  it  is  in  the  Calendar  of  State  Papers  allotted 
to  the  year  1590 — although  tentatively — passes  one's  com- 
prehension, because  nearly  all  of  the  ten  patentees  named  were 
well-known  persons,  and  of  these  four  at  least  were  dead  at 
that  date,  and  two — Grenville  himself  and  Bassett — described 
as  plain  "  esquires,"  had  been  knighted  long  before.  These 
"  gentlemen  in  the  west  parts,"  who  were  thus  associated  with 
Grenville,  were  Piers  Edgecombe,  Arthur  Bassett,  John  Fitz, 
Edmund  Tremayne,  William  Hawkyns,  Alexander  Arundell, 
Thomas  Digges,  Martyn  Dare,  esquires,  and  Dominick  Chester 
of  Bristol,  merchant.  Fltz  and  Tremayne  were  cousins  of 
Grenville,  and  the  latter  was  also  his  brother-in-law,  Alexander 
Arundell  was  his  half-brother,  and  Wilham  Hawkyns,  brother 
of  Sir  John,  was  a  famous  merchant  and  pirate  at  Plymouth, 
who  was  associated  with  Grenville  in  other  enterprises.  Thomas 
Digges  was  a  mathematician,  and  the  scientific  man  of  the 
company,  and  he  was  the  only  one  who  was  not  a  Devonian  or 
had  no  connection  with  Devon.  Dominick  Chester  was|a 
considerable  merchant,  who  is  described  sometimes  as  "of 
Bristol,"  and  sometimes  as  "  of  Barnstaple."  The  terms  of 
the  draft  are  very  broad  and  remarkable,  and  give  very  wide 


6o  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

powers  to  the  patentees.  They  were  authorized  to  appoint 
governors ;  to  make  laws,  rules,  and  ordinances ;  to  limit 
pains  and  penalties,  both  pecuniary,  corporal,  capital,  and  of 
death  or  otherwise  howsoever ;  offenders  to  slay,  execute, 
and  put  to  death,  or  otherwise  correct,  without  other  judicial 
proceedings  but  by  the  law  martial  according  to  their  discre- 
tions ;  and  deserters  upon  their  return  into  any  our  dominions 
were  to  be  executed  and  put  to  pains  of  death,  as  open  rebels 
by  martial  law  without  mercy,  remission,  or  favour. 

The  Lord  Admiral,  no  doubt,  declined  the  proffered  position 
as  "  chief  of  the  enterprise,"  but  apparently  his  place  was  taken 
by  his  deputy.  Sir  Arthur  Champemowne.  On  May  17,  1574, 
a  letter  was  sent  to  the  Spanish  Governor  of  the  Netherlands, 
informing  him  that  an  English  gentleman,  named  Grenfield,  a 
great  pirate,  and  another  called  Champemowne,  Vice-Admiral 
of  the  West,  with  others,  recently  armed  seven  ships,  four  large 
and  three  small,  with  the  avowed  intention  of  going  on  a  voyage 
of  discovery  to  Labrador,  but  they  now  assert  that  they  are 
going  to  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  their  fleet  being  increased  by 
three  sail,  making  ten  ships  in  all,  including  the  Castle  of  Comfort, 
a  celebrated  ship  of  240  tons,  the  largest  of  them.  The  fleet 
is  very  well  fitted  and  found,  and  will  carry  1,500  men,  soldiers 
and  sailors,  500  of  them  being  gentlemen.  For  a  long  time, 
owing  to  the  opposition  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  Grenville  had 
been  unable  to  get  permission  to  go,  but  he  had  at  length  ob- 
tained this  on  condition  that  he  would  first  perform  some 
prescribed  service  for  the  assistance  of  the  Earl  of  Essex  in 
Ireland,  probably  the  transport  of  2,000  soldiers  into  Ireland. 
When  this  was  done,  it  was  too  late  in  the  season  to  start  on 
the  voyage,  and  the  great  expedition  was  abandoned.  Oxen- 
ham  declared  that  the  Queen  revoked  the  licence,  because  she 
had  learnt  that  beyond  the  Strait  of  Magellan  there  were  settle- 
ments made  by  Spainards,  who  might  do  them  harm.  Grenville 
sold  the  ships,  and  it  is  not  unhkely  that  Oxenham's  own,  and 
two  others  that  were  being  fitted  out  in  the  autumn  of  this  year 
to  plunder  Nombre  de  Dios  and  Panama,  were  among  them. 

The  Castle  of  Comfort  was  a  very  powerful  vessel,  and  there 
is  reason  for  believing  that  she  was  the  ship  of  that  tonnage 
which  was  built  at  Bideford  in  or  before  1566.  She  was  the 
ship  in  which  George  Fenner  defeated  the  seven  Portuguese 
galleons,  but  she  afterwards  belonged  to  Grenville  and  William 
Hawkyns,  and  had  to  answer  for  various  acts  of  piracy. 

The  failure  of  the  great  South  Seas  scheme,  whatever  its 
cause  may  have  been,  was  certainly  a  great  disappointment  to 
Grenville,  for  we  find  him  abandoning  all  ideas  of  active  service 


New  Light  on  Sir  Richard  Grenvillc  6r 

and  deciding  to  spend  the  rest  of  his  life  as  a  plain  country 
gentleman.  He  occupied  himself  in  such  matters  as  obtaining 
a  charter  for  the  town  of  Bideford,  and  in  converting  Buckland 
Abbey,  which  he  had  inherited  from  his  grandfather,  into  a 
comfortable  private  residence.  The  great  hall  remains  very 
much  as  he  left  it,  with  the  date  1576  over  the  fireplace.  He  it 
was  who  put  up  the  curious  plaster  work  at  one  end,  representing 
a  knight  who  has  retired  from  the  world  and  taken  to  a  life  of 
religious  contemplation.  The  knight  has  turned  his  war-horse 
loose,  hung  up  his  shield  upon  the  Tree  of  Life,  and,  with  a 
skull  and  an  hour-glass  beside  him,  sits  quietly  meditating 
upon  death  and  eternity. 


II.-THE  NORTH   DEVON  FLEET  AGAINST 
THE  ARMADA. 

For  some  years  after  his  retirement  to  Buckland  Abbey,  Gren- 
ville  lived  the  life  of  an  ordinary  country  squire,  doing  his  duty 
as  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  and  acting  on  various  Royal  Com- 
missions of  enquiry  into  cases  of  piracy  and  other  local  matters. 
He  was  one  of  the  first  Aldermen  of  his  new  borough  of  Bideford, 
and  in  1577,  as  High  Sheriff  of  Cornwall,  it  fell  to  his  lot  to 
apprehend  Mr.  Tregian  and  others  "  for  matters  of  religion." 
Tregian  had  harboured  a  Romish  priest  named  Cuthbert  Mayne, 
who  was  arrested  by  Grenville,  and,  after  trial  at  Launceston, 
was  found  guilty  of  having  a  Papal  bull,  holy  grains,  and  an 
Agnus  Dei,  and  was  sentenced  to  be  drawn,  hanged,  and 
quartered.  One  of  his  quarters  was  sent  to  be  set  up  at 
"  Bastable  in  Devonshire,  where  he  was  bom  "  (really  at  Youl- 
ston,  about  3  miles  off).  Cardinal  Allen  himself  informs  us 
that  for  his  services  in  this  matter  Grenville  was  knighted,  and 
fixes  the  exact  date  between  August  and  November,   1577. 

During  some  comparatively  quiescent  years  of  his  life,  Gren- 
ville was  engaged  on  many  important  works,  such  as  making 
a  survey  of  all  the  castles  and  forts  in  Cornwall,  acting  as  Com- 
missioner for  the  works  at  Dover  Harbour,  attending  the  musters 
for  training  the  local  soldiery,  and  such  like.  In  1580  he  and 
his  wife  conveyed  Buckland  Abbey  to  their  friends  John  Hele 
and  Christopher  Harris,  who,  in  turn,  passed  it  on  to  Sir  Francis 
Drake,  in  exchange  for  seme  of  "  the  comfortable  dew  "  which 
he  had  collected  on  his  famous  voyage  of  circumnavigation. 
Henceforth,  Grenville  seems  to  have  divided  his  time  between 
his  "  poor  house  of  Stow  "  and  his  manor  of  Bideford. 

In  1585  he  was  induced  by  his  cousin,  Sir  Walter  Raleigh, 


6z  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

to  abandon  his  life  of  retirement  and  to  take  charge  of  a  large 
and  important  expedition  for  the  colonization  of  the  newly- 
discovered  country  of  Virginia.  The  details  of  this  expedition 
are  well-known,  and  I  need  now  only  note  the  names  of  the 
ships.  They  were  the  Tiger  of  140  tons,  a  fly-boat  called  the 
Roebuck,  of  140  tons,  the  Lion  of  100  tons,  the  Elizabeth  of  50 
tons,  the  Dorothy,  a  small  barque,  and  two  small  pinnaces. 
Grenville  returned  home  in  the  Tiger,  capturing  on  the  way  a 
large  Spanish  treasure  ship  of  300  or  400  tons.  According  to 
John  Stukeley,  his  brother-in  law,  who  accompanied  him,  the 
booty  was  worth  ^^50,000. 

The  next  year  Raleigh  prepared  and  sent  a  ship  of  100  tons 
(probably  the  Lion)  for  the  supply  and  relief  of  the  infant  colony, 
but,  before  its  arrival,  the  colonists  at  their  own  request  had 
been  all  taken  off  by  Drake,  then  on  his  way  home  from  the 
sacking  of  St.  Domingo,  Cartagena,  and  St.  Augustine.  About 
a  fortnight  later  Grenville  himself  arrived  with  three  ships — 
probably  the  Roebuck,  the  Tiger,  and  the  Spanish  prize — the 
lateness  of  his  arrival  being  due  to  the  fact  that  his  ship  (the 
Spanish  prize)  was  beneaped  at  starting  on  Bideford  Bar.  He 
landed  fifteen  men  in  Virginia,  and  on  his  way  home  captured 
another  prize.  In  1587  he  was  appointed  to  survey  the  coast 
defences  in  anticipation  of  a  Spanish  invasion,  and  he  was 
consequently  unable  to  take  charge  of  another  expedition  to 
Virginia,  so  one  John  White  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  company 
of  150  men  and  the  fleet  of  three  sail,  the  Admiral  of  120  tons 
(the  Lion),  a  fly-boat  (probably  the  Roebuck),  and  a  pinnace. 
White  found  no  trace  of  the  men  left  by  Grenville,  and,  at  the 
request  of  the  colonists,  he  returned  to  England  for  supplies, 
arriving  on  November  5. 

This  was  a  very  inopportune  moment,  for  the  whole  country 
was  busily  engaged  in  plans  for  resisting  the  expected  Spanish 
invasion.  Both  Raleigh  and  Grenville  were  on  the  Committee 
of  "  noble  and  experienced  captains  "  who  were  appointed  to 
consider  and  report  on  the  best  means  of  land  defence,  and  on 
December  9,  Grenville  was  sent  to  Plymouth  in  connection 
with  their  scheme. 

Steps  had  already  been  taken  for  the  maritime  defence  of 
the  West  of  England.  It  was  decided  that  four  out  of  the 
eight  ships  the  Queen  had  guarding  the  west  end  of  the  Channel 
should  be  sent  to  Drake,  and  that  ten  merchantmen,  of  from 
80  to  100  tons,  should  be  fitted  out  in  Bristol  and  the  West- 
country ;  the  whole  14  vessels  taking  1,500  or  2,000  men, 
sailors  and  soldiers  together.  It  was  uncertain  whether  they 
would  be  commanded  by  Grenville,  a  gentleman  who  had  been 


Nexv  Light  on  Sir  Richard  Grenville  63 

sailing  as  a  pirate,  or  Frobisher,  who  it  was  thought  would 
agree  with  Drake  better  than  the  other.  It  was,  indeed,  said 
that  Grenville  would  not  serve  under  Drake. 

On  February  28,  1588,  the  Spanish  ambassador  wrote  that 
Grenville  had  been  ordered  to  remain  with  20  merchant-men 
and  pirate  ships  on  the  English  coast  opposite  Ireland,  and  he 
mentions  the  fact  that  Grenville  had  recently  been  on  a 
plundering  voyage  to  the  coast  of  Spain.  From  another  source 
we  learn  that  he  brought  back  22  Spaniards  as  prisoners,  whom 
he  treated  as  slaves,  making  them  carry  stones  on  their  back 
for  some  building  operations  of  his,  and  chaining  them  up  all 
night.  Twenty  of  them  died  or  escaped,  but  he  still  kept  two 
pilots. 

It  seems  clear  that  the  Spanish  ambassador  had  not  only 
received  an  exaggerated  estimate  of  the  size  of  the  fleet,  but 
had  entirely  mistaken  its  object,  which  at  this  date  was  merely 
the  relief  of  the  Virginian  colonists.  Immediately  after  the 
arrival  of  Governor  White  the  previous  November,  Raleigh 
had  taken  steps  to  send  a  pinnace  at  once  with  letters  to  promise 
them  a  good  supply  of  shipping  and  men  the  following  summer, 
"  which  pinnace  and  fleet,"  we  are  told,  "  were  accordingly 
prepared  at  Bideford  under  the  charge  of  Sir  Richard  Grenville." 
Mr.  R.  W.  Cotton,  in  his  paper  on  "  The  North  Devon  Fleet  in 
1588,"  read  before  the  Devonshire  Association  in  1879,  makes 
the  extraordinary  assertion  that  neither  the  pinnace  nor  the 
letters  were  ever  dispatched,  although  the  account  from  which 
he  is  quoting  is  actually  a  description  of  the  sending  of  two 
smcill  pinnaces,  the  Brave  of  30  tons,  and  the  Roe  of  25,  with 
fifteen  planters  and  provisions.  These  pinnaces,  however, 
did  not  sail  until  April  22,  after  the  main  fleet  had  been  diverted 
for  another  purpose,  and,  being  unable  to  refrain  from  piracy, 
they  got  badly  beaten  and  had  to  return,  reaching  Bideford 
again  on  May  22. 

At  any  rate,  Bideford,  which  was  already  noted  as  a  ship- 
building port,  must  have  been  very  busily  engaged  during  the 
early  part  of  1588  in  fitting  out  the  "  seven  or  eight  "  ships 
required  for  the  Virginian  expedition.  Mr.  Cotton  states  that 
there  appears  to  be  no  authority  for  the  seven  ships  of  Grenviile's 
squadron  as  given  in  Westward  Ho  !  but  on  the  last  day  of  March, 
when  a  special  embargo  was  placed  on  all  shipping  throughout 
the  kingdom,  the  Privy  Council  wrote  a  special  letter  to  Gren- 
ville, saying  that,  whereas  he  had  seven  or  eight  ships  and 
pinnaces  ready  for  a  voyage  he  intended  to  make  to  the  West 
Indies,  he  was  commanded  on  his  allegiance  to  forbear  to  go 
his  intended  voyage,  and  to  have  the  ships  ready  to  join  with 


64  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

her  Majesty's  Navy  as  he  should  hereafter  be  directed.  Gren- 
ville,  like  a  true  patriot,  immediately  and  without  hesitation 
did  what  he  could  to  comply  with  the  Council's  order.  On 
April  9  they  wrote  again,  saying  that  whereas  he  did  advertise 
their  Lordships  of  his  intended  repair  to  Cape  Cornwall  or  the 
Scillies  for  commodity  of  wind,  to  be  better  able  upon  any 
occasion  to  repair  where  most  use  might  be  of  his  service,  their 
Lordships  could  not  but  allow  his  purpose  therein,  and  they 
required  him  to  send  immediately  to  Drake  such  ships  as  were 
of  greatest  burden  and  fittest  for  service,  but  the  remainder 
he  might  dispose  of  and  employ  in  his  intended  voyage  as  he 
should  think  good  ;  but  her  Majesty,  considering  the  danger 
of  the  present  time  and  his  knowledge  and  experience  in  martial 
affairs,  thought  it  convenient  that  he  himself  should  remain 
where  he  was,  to  give  his  assistance  and  advice  to  the  Lieutenants 
of  Cornwall  and  Devon. 

A  letter  was  also  sent  to  Drake  informing  him  of  this  matter 
that  did  so  greatly  tend  to  the  strengthening  of  her  Majestj^'s 
Navy.  We  see  that  on  April  9  Grenville  was  ready  to  sail 
with  his  fleet  of  seven  or  eight  ships,  "  only  staying  but  for  a 
fair  wind  to  put  to  sea,"  and  that  on  April  22  two  of  these 
ships,  "  of  lesse  burthen,"  actually  did  sail.  We  may,  therefore, 
reasonably  assume  that  the  remainder,  being  the  five  or  six 
ships  "  of  greatest  burthen  and  fittest  service,"  were  the  five 
or  six  ships  referred  to  in  Wyot's  Diary  as  ha\ing  gone  over 
the  bar  to  join  Drake  at  Plymouth.  The  entry  in  the  Diary 
gives  no  indication  of  date,  from  which  Mr.  Cotton  infers  that 
"  they  sailed  at  different  times  and  not  altogether,"  but,  as 
they  certainly  arrived  at  Pljonouth  together,  there  appears 
to  be  no  justification  for  this  assumption.  It  is  almost  certain 
that  they  sailed  before  the  pinnaces,  and  Grenville  was  still 
at  Bideford  on  April  17.  Now  Grenville's  ships  arrived  at 
Pl^TTiouth  with  the  Bristol  ships,  which  were  ordered  to  be  put 
in  readiness  on  April  12.  Allowing  a  week  for  preparation,  we 
may  fairly  assume  that  Grenville's  squadron  sailed  on  or  about 
April  20,  and  joined  the  Bristol  squadron  in  the  entrance  of  the 
Severn  Sea.  They  reached  Plymouth  about  May  12,  when 
Captains  Fenner  and  Crosse  wrote  to  Drake,  who  was  then  in 
London,  that  "  here  are  arrived  all  the  ships  from  Bristol  and 
all  the  west  parts  with  Sir  Richard  Grenville  and  Mr.  St.  Leger, 
for  which  two  we  pray  your  consideration  in  moneys  they 
demand  for  victual."  This  seems  to  imply  that  Grenville 
accompanied  the  squadron,  although  Mr.  Cotton  says  "it  is 
almost  certain  that  he  did  not."  Further,  it  is  probable  that 
he  remained  with  the  fleet  until  news  had  been  received  of  the 


I 


Nap  Light  on  Sir  Richard  GrenviUe  65 

Spaniards,  for  on  May  28  the  Lord  Admiral  wrote  to  Burghley 
that  GrenviUe  had  brought  him  information  from  some  captured 
Spanish  fishermen  from  Cape  St.  Vincent,  that  "  the  Spanish 
fleet  was  to  come  out  with  the  first  wind."  However,  Gren\'ille's 
duty  on  the  arrival  of  the  Armada  certainly  lay  on  land,  for,  as 
White  tells  us,  he  was  "  personally  commanded  not  to  depart 
out  of  Cornwall,"  of  whose  forces  he  was  the  leading  Captain, 
having  under  him  303  able  trained  and  furnished  men. 

The  list  of  ships  in  an  early  edition  of  Stow's  Annals — quoted 
by  Mr.  Cotton — is  hopelessly  confused,  and  makes  no  distinction 
between  Howard's  and  Drake's  divisions  of  the  English  fleet. 
Among  the  ships  "  from  Queenborough  toward  Plymouth  the 
16th  of  May  under  the  Lord  Admiral,"  are  included  three  of 
Barnstaple,  viz.,  the  galleon  Dttdley,  the  God  Save  Her,  the 
Tiger,  together  with  the  three  ships  and  a  pinnace  of  Bristol, 
the  two  ships  and  a  pinnace  of  Exeter,  nine  ships  and  two  pin- 
naces of  Phmouth,  and  "  sundry  others  of  the  west  parts." 
But  we  know  that  these  ships  were  in  different  categories,  for 
the  so-called  Barnstaple  ships  and  the  Plymouth  ships  were 
"  merchant  ships  appointed  to  serve  westwards  under  Sir 
Francis  Drake,"  and  were  paid  for  entirely  by  the  Queen,  whereas 
the  Bristol  and  Exeter  ships  were  "  coasters  under  the  Lord 
High  Admiral,"  being  the  local  contingents  demanded  by  the 
Privy  Council  and  paid  for  the  first  two  months  by  the  respective 
towns. 

Nearly  all  the  towns  sent  their,  quota  of  ships,  except  Barn- 
staple and  Torrington,  whose  mayors  sent  a  whining  plea  of 
poverty.  Poole  only  was  exempted.  Mr.  Cotton  assumed 
that  nothing  further  happened,  but  we  find  the  Lord  Admiral 
caused  a  ship  of  200  tons,  called  the  Seraphin,  bound  for  the 
Newfoundland,  to  be  seized  and  made  to  serve  at  the  cost  of 
these  towns,  or  if  they  were  really  unable  to  bear  the  charge, 
the  Hundreds  of  Braunton,  Fremington,  and  Shebbear  were 
to  contribute.  This  ship  belonged  to  George  Norwood,  of 
Torrington,  and  he  paid  the  whole  cost  of  \ictualHng  and  furnish- 
ing, but  the  Earl  of  Bath,  Lord  Lieutenant,  was  required  to 
levy  and  collect  the  charge  upon  the  said  towns  and  himdreds. 
Whether  Norwood  ever  got  his  money  refunded  is  doubtful, 
but  his  ship  nowhere  appears  in  the  official  lists,  and  in  any 
case  she  must  have  been  too  late  to  take  part  in  the  action. 

The  John  of  Barnstaple,  which  Mr.  Cotton  gives  as  the  fourth 
member  of  the  North  Devon  Fleet,  is  entered  in  the  list  of 
"  voluntary  ships  which  joined  when  the  Armada  was  on  the 
coast,  and  were  paid  by  the  Queen  during  service."  It  is, 
therefore,  quite  impossible  that  she  could  have  formed  one  of 

5 


66  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

the  five  ships  that  sailed  with  Grenville.  Sir  John  Laughton 
and  Sir  William  Clowes  assert  that  this  ship  belonged  to  Gren- 
ville, but  give  no  authority  for  the  statement.  I  venture  to 
suggest  that  she  may  have  been  a  Portuguese  prize  ship,  called 
the  St.  John,  captured  on  the  seas  in  1586  by  a  Barnstaple 
man-of-war  under  colour  of  letters  of  reprisal,  and  she  may 
have  been  the  ship  called  John  Evangelist,  that  sailed  in  White's 
last  expedition  to  Virginia  in  1590. 

But  these  were  not  the  only  ships  sent  from  North  Devon. 
William  Nicholls,  of  Northam,  sent  a  ship  and  a  pinnace  under 
somewhat  peculiar  circumstances.  The  towns  of  Gloucester 
and  Tewkesbury  had  been  ordered  to  pay  for  furnishing  a  ship 
whose  captain  was  Nicholas  Webb,  but  finding  that  "  they 
could  with  less  charges  furnish "  Nicholls'  ships,  they  mis- 
informed the  Council  that  Webb's  ship  was  not  at  that  time 
at  the  seas  according  to  their  Lordships'  appointment,  and  they 
were  consequently  directed  by  the  Council  to  furnish  the  ship 
and  pinnace  belonging  to  Nicholls. 

There  can  be  little  doubt  that  Mr.  Cotton  is  right  in  including 
the  three  named  Barnstaple  ships,  viz.,  Galleon  Dudley,  God 
Save  Her,  and  Tiger,  and  I  think  we  need  have  no  hesitation 
in  taking  for  the  fourth  ship,  the  Bark  St.  Leger,  owned  and 
commanded  by  Grenville's  brother-in-law,  John  St.  Leger,  of 
Annerj .  However,  it  did  not  form  one  of  Grenville's  own 
contribution,  for,  as  we  have  seen,  Grenville  and  St.  Leger 
were  separately  considered  in  their  demands  for  money  for 
victuals,  and  the  Bark  Sellenger,  although  entered  among  the 
merchant  ships  under  Drake,  is  also  among  the  "  voluntary 
ships  "  partially  paid  by  the  Queen,  for  we  find  she  was  paid 
for  the  wages  of  80  men  for  6  weeks,  ^^84,  for  one  month's 
victuals  £56,  and  for  the  tonnage  of  160  tons  £24 — total  £164. 
With  regard  to  the  fifth  ship  there  is  a  difficulty.  We  know 
that  on  July  17,  Howard  and  Hawkins  sent  an  estimate  to 
Burghley  for  £1,960  for  the  wages  of  700  men  for  four  months 
in  eight  ships  of  Sir  Richard  Grenville  and  others,  and  on  August 
28,  Hawkins  gave  a  list  of  eleven  ships  of  Sir  Richard  Grenville 
and  others.  Of  these  eleven  ships,  four  had  been  appointed 
to  serve  under  Drake  as  early  as  December,  1587,  and  may 
therefore  be  rejected.  One  belonged  to  Millbrook,  and  another 
to  Dartmouth,  so  that  for  the  fifth  ship  in  Grenville's  squadron 
we  have  left  only  the  Bark  Fleming  or  Golden  Hind,  which  was 
the  ship  that  brought  the  news  of  the  first  approach  of  the 
Spanish  Armada.  It  has  been  stated  that  Fleming  was  a 
Scotchman,  presumably  on  account  of  his  name,  but  the  name 
belongs  equally  to  North  Devon,   and  indeed,   the  parish  of 


New  Light  on  Sir  Richard  Grenville  67 

Bratton  Fleming  is  so  called  after  the  Fleming  family.  The 
name  was  still  common,  and  several  were  shipowners.  At 
the  beginning  of  1590  Fleming  was  employed  in  protecting 
the  north  coast  of  Devon  and  Cornwall  from  the  pirates  and 
leaguers  that  did  haunt  that  shore.  Two  of  the  five  ships, 
therefore,  belonged  to  private  owners,  but  the  other  three  were 
generally  recognized  as  Grenville's  own,  and  were  certainly 
under  his  sole  control,  though  it  is  more  than  Hkely  that  they 
belonged  in  part  to  Raleigh,  who  was  responsible  for  fitting 
out  the  Virginian  expedition. 

When  the  Spanish  Armada  actually  appeared,  Grenville  was 
at  Stow,  but  he  hastened  to  Plymouth,  for  the  purpose  of  super- 
intending the  land  defences  of  that  port.  However,  he  certainly 
arrived  too  late  to  form  one  of  the  famous  company  on  Plymouth 
Hoe,  described  by  Kingsley,  and,  as  we  know,  his  services  for 
land  defence  were  not  really  required.  On  September  14,  he 
was  ordered  to  stay  all  shipping  on  the  north  coast,  for  the 
purpose  of  transporting  700  soldiers  to  Waterford.  The  ships 
were  to  be  under  Grenville's  leadership,  to  be  used  in  the  manner 
he  proposed  for  destroying  the  Spanish  ships.  His  device  was 
apparently  to  convert  some  of  them  into  fire-ships,  as  had  been 
done  with  such  conspicuous  success  against  the  Spanish  Armada 
off  Calais.  For  a  second  time  his  preparations  proved  to  be 
of  no  effect,  but  he  and  Raleigh  went  across  to  Ireland,  and 
during  the  next  two  or  three  years  occupied  themselves  with 
the  plantation  of  Munster.  In  October,  1590,  he  was  ordered 
"  to  make  his  repair  to  her  Majesty  for  some  causes  of  service 
which  he  shall  understand."  What  this  service  was  does  not 
definitely  appear,  but  it  was  probably  the  last  service  of  all, 
in  which  he  made  such  a  glorious  end. 

The  details  of  this  action  are  so  well  known  that  it  is  not 
necessary  to  describe  it.  The  following  year  Sir  Warham  St. 
Leger,  petitioning  Burghley  on  behalf  of  John  Grenville, 
describes  his  father  as  one  "  who  lived  and  died  her  Majesty's 
most  loyal  and  vowed  soldier  and  servant,"  and  who,  "  even 
to  the  end,  carried  a  true  testimony  of  his  loyal  mind  towards 
his  prince  and  country,  as  the  world  generally  doth  witness  " — 
a  character  which  is  borne  out  by  our  hero's  own  dying  words  : 
"  Here  die  I,  Richard  Greenfield,  with  a  joyfull  and  quiet  mind, 
for  that  I  have  ended  my  hfe  as  a  true  soldier  ought  to  do, 
that  hath  fought  for  his  country,  Queene,  religion,  and  honor, 
whereby  my  soule  most  joyfull  departeth  out  of  this  bodie,  and 
shall  alwaies  leave  behind  it  an  everlasting  fame  of  a  valiant 
and  true  soldier,  that  hath  done  his  dutie,  as  he  was  bound  to 
do.     But  the  others  of  my  company  have  done  as  traitors  and 


68  The  Devonian  Year  Book,   1918 

dogs,  for  which  they  shall  be  reproached  all  their  lives  and 
leave  a  shameful  name  for  ever."  There  spake  the  true  Gren- 
ville,  a  man  reputed  by  contemporaries  to  be  "  of  intolerable 
pride  and  insatiable  ambition,"  "  of  nature  very  severe,  so  that 
his  own  people  hated  him  for  his  fierceness  and  spake  very 
hardly  of  him,"  "  a  stubborn  man,  head-strong  and  rash,"  and 
so  on.  On  the  other  hand,  he  was  recognized  as  a  man  of  "  great 
and  stout  courage,"  who  "  had  performed  many  vahant  acts 
and  was  greatly  feared,"  and  "  got  etemall  honour  and  reputation 
of  great  valour,  and  of  an  experimented  Souldier,"  "  being  in 
his  lifetime  the  Spaniard's  terror."  So  also  in  modern  times 
opinions  are  divided  as  to  the  meritoriousness  of  his  action. 
Sir  John  Laughton  says :  "  One  ship,  the  Revenge,  by  the 
ignorance,  disobedience  or  presumption  of  her  commander, 
Sir  Richard  Greynvile,  was  caught,  beset,  and  overpowered. 
Greynvile's  obstinate  defence  against  great  odds  has  rendered 
the  combat  celebrated  in  story  and  in  song  ;  but  its  true  moral 
is  the  disastrous  effect  of  disobedience."  A  more  judicious 
estimate  is  furnished  by  Mr.  Julian  Corbett,  who  says  :  "  Strongly 
as  we  may  condemn  the  obstinate  presumption  to  which  the 
Revenge  was  sacrificed,  it  is  certain  that  unless  an  officer  be 
touched  with  a  breath  of  the  spirit  that  sped  that  day  on  the 
San  Paolo  in  the  midst  of  the  enemy,  he  is  unfit  to  command 
a  ship-of-war.  Without  a  glow  of  its  fire,  ships  become  but 
counters  and  tactics  sink  to  pedantry." 


The  Revenge. 

And  the  sun  went  down,  and  the  stars  came  out  far  over  the 

summer  sea. 
But  never  a  moment  ceased  the  fight  of  the  one  and  the  fift}'- 

three. 
Ship  after  ship,  the  whole  night  long,  their  high-built  galleons 

came, 
Ship  after  ship,  the  whole  night  long,  with  her  battle-thunder 

and  flame  ; 
Ship  after  ship,  the  whole  night  long,  drew  back  with  her  dead 

and  her  shame. 
For  some  were  sunk  and  many  were  shatter'd,  and  so  could  fight 

us  no  more — 
God  of  battles,  was  ever  a  battle  like  this  in  the  world  before  ? 

Tennyson,  Ballads  and  other  Poems. 


The  North  Devon  Railways  and  an  Early  Director        69 

The  North  Devon  Railways  and  an 
Early  Director. 

The  history  of  the  North  Devon  Railways  is  curious  and 
interesting.  A  few  days  before  the  opening  of  the  Bristol 
and  Exeter  Railway,  described  in  the  Devonian  Year  Book 
for  1917,  there  appeared  in  Herepath's  Journal,  and  Railway 
Magazine,  an  advertisement  of  the  Exeter  and  Crediton  Railway, 
with  a  capital  of  £60,000,  in  1,200  shares  of  £50  each,  length 
less  than  six  miles,  and  chairman  James  W.  Buller,  Esq.,  father 
of  General  Sir  Redvers  H.  Buller,  V.C,  but  apparently  it  was 
not  until  July  1,  1845,  that  the  company  was  incorporated. 
The  railway,  on  the  broad-gauge  system,  started  from  Cowley 
Bridge  Station  of  the  Bristol  and  Exeter  Company,  and  ter- 
minated by  a  junction  with  the  North  Devon  broad-gauge  line 
at  Crediton,  and  was  worked  under  lease  by  the  London  and 
South  Western  Company,  which  at  that  time  had  not  advanced 
farther  west  than  Salisbury. 

The  North  Devon  Railway  was  incorporated  as  the  Ta\^ 
Vale  Railway  in  1838,  revived  July  21,  1845,  for  a  line  from 
Crediton  to  Barnstaple  (35  miles).,  with  a  branch  to  the  docks 
at  Fremington  Pill.  By  an  Act  obtained  in  1847,  this  company 
received  power  to  construct  branches  to  Bideford  and  South 
Molton,  etc.,  and  a  further  Act  was  passed  in  1851  which  altered 
the  title  of  the  company  to  the  "  North  Devon  Railway  Com- 
pany." The  line  was  opened  in  August,  1854,  and  on  November 
2,  1855,  the  Bideford  Extension  Railway  was  opened — an 
independent  broad-gauge  line,  over  six  miles  in  length,  from 
Fremington  Pill  to  Bideford.  Both  lines  were  at  first  leased 
to  Mr.  Brassey,  but  in  1862  they  were  leased  to  the  London 
and  South  Western  Railway,  which  had  reached  Exeter  in 
1860.  The  lease  was  for  1,000  years,  at  £15,000  for  the  first 
year,  and  £16,000  per  annum  afterwards;  but  on  January  1, 
1865,  this  lease  was  cancelled,  and  the  two  fines  were  amalga- 
mated with  the  London  and  South  Western  system. 

The  little  line  from  Exeter  to  Crediton  was  long  a  bone  of 
contention  between  the  Great  Western  and  South  Western 
companies,  and  became  a  regular  "  Vicar  of  Bray  "  railway. 
Originally  broad-gauge  to  connect  with  the  Bristol  and  Exeter 
Railway,  it  became  narrow-gauge  ;    but,   being  isolated  from 


7o  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 8 

any  other  narrow-gauge  line,  it  was  broadened  again,  and  to- 
gether with  the  North  Devon  Railway,  by  this  time  extended 
to  Bideford,  it  was  worked  with  broad-gauge  rolling-stock 
pending  the  completion  of  the  South  Western  Railway  to  Exeter, 
for  this  railway  had  now  obtained  a  controlling  influence  over 
the  whole  North  Devon  system. 

The  South  Western  line  from  Yeovil  to  Exeter  was  opened 
on  July  18,  1860,  with  similar  rejoicings  and  ceremonies  to 
those  which  took  place  at  the  opening  of  the  Bristol  and  Exeter 
Railway  on  May  1,  1844.  An  Act  had  been  already  obtained  for 
the  construction  of  a  junction  line,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  in 
length,  from  Queen  Street  Station  to  St.  David's,  and  the  laying 
of  narrow-gauge  rails  over  the  Bristol  and  Exeter  main  line  to 
Cowley  Bridge  junction,  and  thence  to  Crediton  and  over  the 
North  Devon  Railway.  In  1862,  as  we  have  seen,  both  the 
Crediton  and  North  Devon  lines  were  leased  to  the  South 
Western  Railway,  so  that,  as  far  as  Yeoford  Junction,  these  lines 
were  then  available  for  the  proposed  extension  to  Plymouth. 

The  original  Chairman  of  the  North  Devon  Railway  was 
Mr.  Wilham  Tite,  M.P.,  and  the  Deputy-Chairman  was  Mr. 
John  Sharland,  who  was  also  a  Director  of  the  Bideford  Extension 
and  Chairman  of  the  Exeter  and  Crediton  Railways.  The  line 
was  a  single  one  from  Cowley  Junction,  and  had  no  crossing 
loops  at  stations  ;  the  first  train  to  arrive  at  a  meeting  point 
had  to  shunt  into  a  siding  to  allow  the  other  to  pass,  there  being 
only  one  platform  for  both  up  and  down  trains.  The  bridges 
were  nearly  all  of  wood,  and  the  terminus  at  Bideford  on  the 
extension  railway  was  an  old  wooden  building  with  two  plat- 
forms. An  engine  turntable  was  provided  at  the  end  of  the 
down  platform,  with  the  road  placed  in  position  for  incoming 
trains  ;  but,  as  frequently  the  table  was  left  turned  the  wrong 
way,  drivers  of  incoming  trains  had  often  narrow  escapes 
from  running  their  engines  into  the  turntable  pit.  The  water 
supply  for  locomotive  purposes  at  Bideford,  Barnstaple,  South 
Molton  Road,  and  Crediton,  was  pumped  by  horse  power.  The 
engine  sheds  were  situated  at  Bideford,  Barnstaple,  and  Crediton, 
but  all  repairs  to  engines,  wagons,  etc.,  were  carried  out  at 
Barnstaple,  where  wheel  lathe,  screw  lathe,  smith's  shop  and 
accessories  were  provided. 

Mr.  Sharland,  the  Deputy-Chairman,  who  had  done  so  much 
to  make  these  railways  a  success,  died  in  1859,  before  the  London 
and  South  Western  Railway  had  reached  Devon.  From  an 
obituary  notice,  published  in  the  North  Devon  Journal  of  October 
13,  1859,  which  has  been  kindly  lent  to  me  by  his  nephew,  who 
is  one  of  our  members,  I  extract  the  following  : — 


The  North  Devon  Railways  and  an  Early  Director        71 

"  Mr.  Sharland  was  bom  at  Prixford  Barton,  in  the  parish 
of  Marwood,  near  Barnstaple,  and  commenced  life  as  a  clerk 
in  the  old  North  Devon  Bank  ;  he  afterwards  was  appointed 
Manager  of  a  Bank  at  Leighton  Buzzard  ;  and  he  eventually 
established  himself  in  London,  as  the  head  of  an  extensive  and 
lucrative  concern  in  Bishopsgate  Street  Within. 

"  When  the  Taw  Vale  Extension  Line  was  projected  in  1845, 
Mr.  Sharland  became  one  of  the  most  active  of  the  Directors. 
His  intimate  acquaintance  with  North  Devon  gave  him  a  deep 
anxiety  in  the  furtherance  of  the  undertaking,  and  he  was,  to 
the  last,  a  zealous  promoter  of  the  Company's  interests.  In 
1848  and  1849,  when  the  railway  panic  and  the  systematized 
opposition  of  landowners,  combined  with  heavy  Parliamentary 
litigation,  had  occasioned  a  suspension  of  the  works,  and  their 
resumption  was  a  matter  of  great  doubt,  Mr.  Sharland  never 
abandoned  the  hope  that  his  long-cherished  scheme  would  one 
day  be  carried  out,  and  he  never  relaxed  in  his  efforts  to  secure 
that  object.  Fortunately,  at  that  crisis,  Mr.  Tite  was  placed 
upon  the  Direction.  The  London  and  South  Western  Company 
had  embarked  largely  in  the  Taw  Vale  line,  with  a  view  of  making 
it  a  part  of  their  projected  extension  through  Salisbury  and 
Yeovil  to  the  West  of  England  ;  but  the  adverse  decision  of 
the  Gauge  Commissioners,  and  the  little  prospect  that  seemed 
of  these  railways  being  made,  suggested  to  them  the  necessity 
of  winding  up  the  whole  affair,  and  they  requested  Mr.  Tite  to 
examine  into  the  circumstances,  with  a  view  of  paying  the 
liabilities  and  bringing  the  concern  to  an  immediate  close.  A 
personal  inspection  of  the  district  led  that  gentleman,  however, 
to  form  a  different  opinion,  and  he  urged  upon  the  South  Western 
Board  the  expediency  of  proceeding  with  the  works,  rather  than 
their  abandonment.  Measures  were  accordingly  taken  for  a 
renewal  of  operations,  and  Mr.  Sharland  again  applied  himself 
with  his  habitual  energy  to  assist  in  raising  the  necessary  funds ; 
and  the  result  of  those  efforts  of  himself  and '  brother  directors 
was  the  ultimate  completion  and  opening  of  the  line. 

"  During  all  the  proceedings  attending  the  rise,  progress,  and 
completion  of  the  railway,  Mr.  Sharland  took  a  very  prominent 
part,  and  throughout  he  devoted  himself  to  the  service  of  the 
Company.  His  experience  in  accounts,  his  punctuality,  which 
had  passed  into  a  proverb,  and  his  prompt  attention  to  all 
matters  under  consideration,  peculiarly  fitted  him  for  the  post 
of  a  railway  director.  He  was  thoroughly  conversant  with  the 
most  minute  details  of  the  Cornpany's  affairs,  from  the  issuing 
of  the  first  prospectus  to  the  last  half-yearly  statement,  and  he 
seemed  to  think  himself  under  a  filial  obligation  to  the  place  of 


72  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  igi8 

his  birth  to  labour  incessantly  to  get  the  railway  made ;  and, 
this  end  attained,  he  continued  to  keep  a  watchful  eye  over  the 
interests  of  the  shareholders.  Whatever  he  took  in  hand  he 
did  thoroughly  and  earnestly  and  well.  Indeed,  but  a  few 
weeks  ago,  with  the  Chairman,  he  accompanied  the  London 
and  South  Western  directors  on  a  visit  of  inspection  to  this 
part  of  the  county  preparatory  to  the  opening  of  their  new  line 
to  Exeter,  when  the  working  of  the  North  Devon  as  a  part  of 
the  South  Western  system  would  seem  to  follow  as  a  natural 
result,  full  of  important  consequences  to  this  locahty. 

"  We  have  felt  these  remarks  due  to  the  late  Deputy-Chairman 
of  the  North  Devon  Railway,  as  a  man  born  and  bred  in  the 
district,  the  architect  of  his  own  fortune,  whose  exertions  have 
helped  to  confer  a  lasting  benefit  on  Barnstaple  and  its  neigh- 
bourhood, and  whose  business-hke  habits,  inflexible  integrity  and 
kindness  of  heart,  secured  him  the  entire  confidence  of  those  with 
whom  he  worked,  and  the  warm  esteem  and  regard  of  a  large 
circle  of  friends,  who  respect  his  memory  and  regret  his  loss." 

The  subsequent  development  of  railways  in  North  Devon 
can  only  be  indicated  briefly.  The  first  section  of  the  South 
Western  Railway  from  Yeoford  to  Okehampton  was  opened 
in  1867,  and  the  line  was  completed  to  Lydford  in  1873,  where 
a  junction  was  effected  with  the  Tavistock  and  Launceston 
branch  of  the  South  Devon  Railway,  over  which  running  powers 
had  been  secured  subject  to  a  narrow-gauge  rail  being  laid 
down  under  special  conditions  as  to  right  of  way.  By  this 
means  the  South  Western  Railway  obtained  access  to  Plymouth 
on  May  17,  1876,  but  in  1883  an  Act  was  obtained  for  an  in- 
dependent railway  under  the  title  of  the  Plymouth,  Devonport, 
and  South  Western  Junction  Railway,  which  was  opened  in 
1890.  The  Torrington  extension  was  opened  on  July  18,  1872  ; 
the  Ilfracombe  fine  on  July  20,  1874  ;  the  line  from  Okehampton 
to  Holsworthy  on  January  30,  1879  (extended  to  Bude,  August 
10,  1898)  ;  and  the  fine  from  Halwill  Junction  to  Launceston 
on  July  21,  1886. 

The  Devon  and  Somerset  Railway  (from  Taunton  to  Barn- 
staple) had  been  constructed  on  the  broad-gauge  system  by  an 
independent  company  in  1868,  and  on  completion  was  eventually 
leased  to  the  Bristol  and  Exeter  Railway,  which  was  absorbed 
by  the  Great  Western  in  1876.  The  Tiverton  and  North  Devon 
Railway  (from  Tiverton  to  Dulverton)  was  opened  in  August, 
1884,  and  the  Exe  Valley  Railway  in  1885.  The  Lynton  and 
Barnstaple  Light  Railway  was  opened  in  May,  1898  ;  and  the 
Bideford  and  Westward  Ho  !  Light  Railway  in  June,  1901,  but 
this  has  been  temporarily  suspended  on  account  of  the  W^ar. 


A  Dialect  Letter  73 


A  Dialect    Letter. 

The  following  letter,  with  a  full  glossary  of  the  dialect  words 
and  phrases,  was  communicated  by  the  Editor  to  the  Devonshire 
Association  in  1913.  It  represents  the  dialect  as  spoken  in 
South  Devon  about  fifty  or  sixty  years  ago,  and  may  be  regarded 
as  an  excellent  specimen,  introducing  many  idiomatic  phrases. 
As  the  glossary  is  too  copious  to  be  given  in  full  in  the  Year 
Book,  the  text  only  is  reproduced,  ^\^th  explanatory  foot-notes. 

"  I  take  this  yer  chance  to  zen'  to  'e,  an'  tell  'e  about  me  an' 
Tom  gwain  auver  to  zee  Oncle.  Tom  was  in  zich  hurry  to  zet 
voar  that  he  was  spuddlin'  1  avaur  vive  o'clock.  Us  zot  away2 
purty  airly.  I'd  a-got  up  my  best  shoes,  an'  Tom  he  was  up 
in  his  best  hat.  Mary  would  ha'  putt  us  gwain,^  but  down 
home,4  where  it  lie'th  lew,^  't  had  a-been  deevin',^  an'  her  thort 
her'd  be  voagin'  o'  mux  7  till  her  was  gerried  »  up  to  huxions.^ 
zo  her  bide  home.^  When  us  com'd  up  a  tap  10  o'  the  clapper,ii 
't  was  all  a-vraur  12  up,  an'  the  pillum  ^^  blaw'd  right  in  our  faces. 
Us  went  along  purty  good  coo'se,!-*  on'y  Tom's  always  bad  in 
his  knee  an'  fetch'th  his-zel'  in  gwain,i'>  zo  that  hynder'd  us  a 
bit.  When  us  com'd  to  Oncle's,  Aunt  toald  us  her'd  been 
puttin'  out  eye  i^  vor  us  siverl  days.  Oncle  was  to  baid  in  his 
voot,i7  an'  hadn'  been  down  auver  stairs  zince  Zinday  was 
wick, 18  but  he  was  better  an'  caal'd  down  to  us  to  com  up  in 
chimber.19  He'd  hain'd  up  ^  his  haid  an'  zot  up  on  eend  21  the 
baid.  He  ax'd  us  to  putch,22  an'  us  zot  tellin'  23  most  pairt  o' 
hour.  He'd  a-putt  cow-fiop24  leave  to  's  voot,  an'  that's  most 
principlest  thing  for  the  infurmation.25  He  was  bad,  sure  'nuff, 
las'  wick,  hadn'  a-got  no  stummick26  to  's  mait,  an'  didn'  ait 
nat  the  vally  2v  o'  a  mail's  mait,  an'  Aunt  tried  allbut  iv'rything  ; 
her  thort  he'd  be  a  parfit  natomy,28  but  the  doctor  gie'd  zom 
trade  29  to  crave  un  to  appetite,3o  zo  las'  Thisdaysi  Aunt  kill'd 

*  Stirring,  fussing  about ;  *  set  off  ;  ^  gone  a  little  way  with  us,  to  see 
us  off  ;  *  at  home  ;  *  sheltered,  protected  from  the  wind  ;  •  thawing  ; 
'  trampling  in  the  mud  ;  *  plastered  ;  •  hocks,  plural  of  hock,  the  back 
part  of  the  knee-joint;  '"upon  the  top;  "hill;  '^  frozen ;  '*  dust ; 
•*  good  course — brisk  pace  ;  **  is  shghtly  lame  in  walking  ;  '*  expecting, 
looking  out;  "in  bed  with  a  bad  foot;  '*  last  Sunday  week;  "into 
the  upstair  room,  the  bedroom  ;  *"  covered  up  ;  *'  at  the  end  of  ;  "  pitch, 
take  a  seat ;  ^  talking,  conversing  ;  ;  ^*  foxglove  ;  **  inflammation  ; 
*•  appetite  ;  *'  value,  meaning  amount  or  quantity  ;  **  perfect  anatomy, 
that  is,  a  skeleton  ;    *•  medicine  ;    ^  create  an  appetite  ;     ^^  Thursday  ; 


74  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

the  young  stag  32  an'  strubsa  un,  an'  I  help  swail'ds^  un,  an' 
her  boil'd  up  a  few  broth.^s  an'  Oncle  let  down  two  or  dree  ^6  o'n. 
When  us  com'd  down  vrom  chimber,  us  went  auver  to  the  Blue 
Anchor  arter  zom  plummin'  37  vor  Aunt.  I  catch'd  the  skirt 
o'  my  coat  in  the  hapse^s  o'  the  geat,  an'  brauk'd^Q  out  piece 
o'  un  ;  't  was  much'^o  I  hkdn'  a-tor'd  un  all  abroad.^i  Aunt 
gie'd  us  a  glorious  dinner ;  her  geam^z  's  fairly  a-dring'd^a  up 
wi'  salary,^-*  an'  I  love't  dearly,  but  her  zaid  there  was  a  sight  ^5 
o'  yokes  bad  about,  an'  us  shouldn'  ait  no  runch^s  ;  her  gie'd 
us  bootivul  apple-mait  tho',  an'  us  ait  till  us  was  quaat.47  Her 
toald  us  be  sure  an'  ait  plenty  o'  dinner,  vor  fear  us  should  be 
leary48  avaur  us  got  home.  Us  was  very  comfer'ble,  sure 
'nuff,  an'  nivver  thort  how  long  us  'd  a-stapt,  'vaur  us  yerd  the 
clock  strick  vower.  "  Massy  h,49  Tom  !  "  says  I,  "  'tis  vower 
o'clock."  "  Soce,"  ^  says  he,  "  you  don't  zay  zo  !  "  "  'Tis 
tho',"  says  I,  "  an'  Mother  '11  be  in  a  fine  vling,^!  an'  her'll  gie't 
to  us  if  us  be  late  ;  vor  her  an'  Mary  was  comin'  agin  ^2  us. 
Us  mus'  rin  vor't."  Oncle  an'  Aunt  toald  us  to  mind^  they 
to  all  our  vokes,  an'  us  cut  away  home,  zo  vast  as  us  could  lay 
legs  to  groun'.54  About  a  mile  vrom  Oncle's,  ther  'd  been  a  bit 
o'  a  ruzement.'^'o  n'  two  trees,  or  zay  dree  then.^e  was  lie'd  along 
the  road,  but  us  got  auver  'em  purty  suant.^^  "  I'H  wadge,^^ 
Tom,"  says  I,  "  us  shall  be  gwain  athurt  ^^  the  groot-veel'  ^o 
in  the  dimmet."  61  An'  zo  us  was,  an'  when  us  com'd  down 
auver  the  clapper,  the  moon  was  shinin'  a  tap  o'  the  haihn'  62 
o'  Father's  bam.  Mother  an'  Mary  was  com  agin  us,  an'  was 
lookin'  vor  us  back,  an'  I  thort  sure  Mother  would  ha'  discoos'd 
us  auver  63  vor  bein'  wantin'  ^4  zo  long,  but  her  didn'  zay  nort 
about  it. 

"  Mind  me  to  brither  shoemaker.  I'll  waam  ^5  he'll  wish  he'd 
a-been  'long  wi'  us.  Mary  zaith  her's  fairly  got  the  flickets^e 
up   to   zee  my  bad  writin',  but  my  hands  be  all  a-scrim'd^^ 


^-  cock  ;  ^  plucked  ;  ^*  help  to  singe  ;  ^*  a  little  broth  ;  broth  is  always 
plural ;  ^^  spoonfuls  or  mouthfuls  understood  ;  ^'  barm,  yeast ;  ^*  hasp, 
latch  ;  ^*  broke — tore  ;  '"'  a  strange  thing,  marvel,  wonder  ;  *^  asunder  ; 
•**  garden  ;  ^^  crowded  ;  **  celery  ;  **  large  number  ;  **  green  stuff,  raw 
vegetables  ;  *'  fully  satisfied,  implying  that  they  had  eaten  so  much 
they  could  only  quaat,  that  is,  sit  down  ;  ^*  empty,  hungry  ;  "  "  Mercy 
law,"  generally  "  Law  massy  "  ;  ^"indeed — soce  generally  means  friends, 
mates  ;  ^^  rage  ;  "^  against,  to  meet ;  *^  remember  ;  **  a  common  idiom, 
though  one  would  expect  feet  instead  of  legs  ;  **  landslip  ;  **  a  common 
phrase,  meaning  "  two,  or  it  might  be  three  "  ;  *'  moderately  easily  or 
smoothly  ;  '*  wager  ;  »'  athwart,  across  ;  '°  ploughed  field,  groot  mean- 
ing dry  earth  or  grit ;  **  twilight ;  **  slated  roof  ;  '^  given  us  a  lec- 
ture,   scolded     us  ;    •*  absent ;     **  warrant ;     *'  blushes  ;     *^  benumbed. 


A  Dialect  Letter  75 


up  wi'  the  coald,  an'  bezides  I've  a-got  chilpots^s  'pon  'em. 
Our  roses  be  all  a-daver'd  ^o  ;  I  reckon  'tis  wi'  the  vraust. 
The  cockabels  7o  be  hangin'  to  the  shillin'  stonesJi  I  vorgot  to 
zay  that  Cousin  Bill's  been  bad  in  's  vinger ;  he  was  swell'd 
up  zo  hard  you  mid  zo  well  ha'  tried  to  brit  72  a  stone.  Mother 
zaith  'twas  apse.^a  eithermore  74  a  nimpingang  75  ;  he  zaith  he 
squatt  76  un.     It  made  un  look  cruel  77  bad. 

"  I'm  thinkin'  you  an'  Jack  mid  zo  well  ha'  a  bit  o'  a  spree, 
an'  com  auver  to  our  houze  wance  vor  the  wick.  If  you  com 
purty  airly,  you  can  stap  a  good  bit  an'  be  home  again  avaur 
candle-teenin'.78  I  s'pose  you've  a-got  mind  in  79  our  young 
zow,  I  main  he  ^o  that  was  varried  ^^  that  time  when  poor  ol' 
Gramfer  He'd  by  the  wall  ^2 — us  kill'd  las'  Monday,  an'  Mother 
an'  Mary  've  made  a  fine  lot  o'  pot  an'  pudd'n.83  Father  wa5 
on  wi'  'em  ^4  that  they  was  boilin'  o'm  too  long,  an'  they  'd  be 
all  zimzaad,85  but  they  bain't.  The  hin  what  you  gie'd  ma 
hath  a-got  nist  up  'n  the  hay-tallet  se  ;  he  ^^  's  zo  fat  's  a  peg, 
an'  the  veathers  o'n  be  zo  plum  ^7  's  a  waant,88  but  I  zim  ^^  he'll 
be  broody  avaur  long. 

"  or  Becky  lie'th  jist  in  wan  way.  Her's  a  wisht^  poor 
blid,8i  an'  the  doctor  zaith  her's  very  dangerous.^  Her  'th 
a'got  the  flusy  faiver,93  but  her  hath'n  nivver  be  to  her-zel'^ 
zince  her  poor  ol'  man  died  o'  the  narrowstaples,^^  or  the  stan dry's 
vire,^  or  'siplis,  or  'ot  they  caal't.  I'm  afeard  our  Betsy  's  got 
no  shakes  o'  a  place  ^7  ;  her  missis  is  oncommon  widdy-waddy  ^s 
zoart  o'  'oman,  an'  zo  itemin'^^  there's  no  plaizin'  her.  Her's 
purty  neari  too.  Mother  wish'fh  vor  Betsy  to  stap  out  the 
winter  if  her  can,  any  way,  'cause  her  zaith,  havin'  zich  sight 
o'  maidens  home  pick'th  away  2  good  bit  o'  money.  Our  young 
Squire  stap'th  in  zomtimes,  an'  hang'th  up^  his  mully*  in  the 
Hnny,5  an'  then  I  go  an'  clap^  'n  in  the  stable  an'  gie  'n  a 


shrivelled  up  ;  •*  chilblains  ;  ••  faded,  withered  ;  "•  icicles  ;  "  tile-stones 
on  the  roof,  eaves ;  '*  to  dent  or  make  a  cavity  in ;  ''  abscess  ; 
'^or  else;  '*a  whitlow;  '•squeezed;  "very;  '*  candle-lighting  ; 
'•  remember  ;  *"  It  is  said  that  everything  in  the  dialect  is  he,  except  a 
Tom-cat !  *^  farrowed ;  ^^  the  interval  between  death  and  burial ; 
^  sausages,  called  in  various  parts  of  the  county  black-pots,  bliddy-pots, 
hog's  pudd'ns ;  **  finding  fault  with  them ;  **  boiled  until  too  soft, 
sodden  ;  *•  hay-loft ;  *'  soft ;  *'  mole  ;  *•  I  think,  it  seems  to  me  ; 
*"  pitiable — probably  it  was  originally  ill-wished,  bewitched  ;  •'  blood, 
used  to  denote  an  old  or  decrepit  person  ;  **  dangerously  ill ;  "^  influenza  ; 
•*  has  never  been  herself  ;  •*  erysipelas  ;  ••  St.  Anthony's  fire,  erysipelas  ; 
•'  a  place  of  little  value,  not  much  good  ;  »*  constantly  changing  her 
mind,  wavering,  unsteady  ;  *•  faddy,  cranky  ;  *  stingy  ;  *  runs  away  with  ; 
^  fastens   or  ties   up  ;    *  donkey  ;    *  shed  ;      •  put    roughly   and   hastily  ; 


76  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


3'afful  7   o'  wuts,  8  zo  t'other  day  momin'  he  gie'd  me  scute, 
an'  if  you  com  I  wish  vor  'ee  to  bring  me  handkercher  Hke 
that  there  wan  your  Peggy  'th  a-got.     Mother's  very  naishio 
an'   git'th   coald  in   her  niddickn  'pon  times,  an'  I  think  a 
handkercher  would  hynder  't. 

"  Us  zeed  Farmer  Dick  go  'long  las'  Zinday  up  in  all 's  bais'ly  12 
clothes ;  'twas  quite  onstummickable.i^  Aunt  Sally  zaith 
her  knaw'd  they'd  com  to  ruin,  his  missus  was  zich  oncommon 
'oman  to  bring  things  gwain,i4  an'  he  wadn'  nivver  the  wan  to 
gie  her  riggin'^^  vor  't.  Aunt  zaith,  her  mind'th  wan  time  they 
ax'd  she  an'  the  maidens  down  to  tay ;  'twas  summer  time, 
an'  they  gie'd  'em  yaws'  i^  milk  craim,  an'  that's  the  richest  o' 
craims,  but  'twadn'  good  'nuff  vor  Missus,  sure,  an'  her  must 
na'  saft  i7  sugar  'pon  't.  Aunt  zaid  her'd  turn  the  stone.is  an' 
nivver  go  there  no  more,  vor  her  wouldn'  let  her  maidens  zee 
no  zich  doin's. 

"Aunt  'th  a-zend  word  that  Oncle's  a  power i^  better;  he 
croaked  20  out  about  in  th'  apple-gearn  21  yis'day,  an'  look'th 
up  more  pearter^z  'n  what  he  did,  but  he's  walsh,23  poor  man, 
now,  an'  no  Hkes  to  be  no  ither,  jist  vor  prisint.  He  com'd 
down  an'  zot  in  the  parlour,  where  'tis  plaunchen  vloor,24  Jas' 
wick. 

"  Tom  was  bad  in  's  jaws  las'  night  ;  he  walk'd  vo'th  an' 
back,  an'  to  an'  agin  25  the  chimber  till  he  was  jist  rampin'.26 
He'th  jist  had  his  tooth  draw'd  ;  there  was  zich  maurs27  to  'n 
you  would  be  be  bless'd  to  zee  't.  The  doctor  gie'd  'n  two 
twicks,28  an'  bullyragg'd23  Tom  'cause  he  scritch'd.so  He  zaid 
he  hadn'  a-got  no  more  heart  'n  a  goose-chick."  ^^ 


'  handful ;  *  oats  ;  *  tip,  reward  ;  ^''  delicate,  tender  ;  "  nape,  back 
of  the  neck  ;  '*  beastly,  dirty,  filthy  ;  1^  disgusting  ;  ^*  to  squander  ; 
**  scolding;  1*  ewes';  i' soft,  moist;  **make  a  solemn  resolution; 
i»  very  much  ;  -"  craAvled,  crept ;  -^  apple-garden,  orchard  ;  ^^  brighter, 
livelier ;  ^^  weak ;  ^^  a  boarded  floor,  instead  of  the  usual  stone,  and 
therefore  warmer  ;  **  backwards  and  forwards,  and  to  and  fro  ;  ^*  suffer- 
ing intensely,  and  so  unable  to  keep  still ;  2'  roots  ;  **  sudden  twists  or 
jerks  ;  *•  abused,  scolded  violently  ;  ^'screamed  ;  ^^  no  more  pluck  than 
a  gosling. 


Some  Recent  Devonshire  Literature  77 


Some   Recent  Devonshire   Literature. 

Compiled  by  H.  Tapley-Soper,  City  Librarian,   Exeter. 

{This  list  aims  at  including  all  books  by  Devonians,  by  residents  in  Devon, 
and  books  about  Devon.  The  compiler  will  be  grateful'if  readers  will  inform 
him  of  any  omissions,  in  order  that  they  may  be  included  in  next  year's  list. 
Publishers  are  invited  to  send  to  the  compiler  copies  of  books  for  notice  in 
future  issues  of  the  Year  Book.) 

Anderson,  Arthur  Henry.  "  Kingsbridge,  Salcombe,  and  the 
Kingsbridge  Estuary."  (Homeland  Association,  1/-  net.) 
1917. 

Burge,  Reginald.  "  There's  a  Destiny."  (Heath  Cranton.) 
1917. 

Cook,  Sir  Theodore  Andrea.  "  The  Mark  of  the  Beast."  (Mur- 
ray, 5/-  net.)     1917. 

Cook,  Sir  Theodore  Andrea.  "  Twenty-five  Great  Houses  of 
France."     ("Country  Life"   Library,  42/-  net.)     1917. 

Dalton,  John  Neale.  "  The  Collegiate  Church  of  Ottery  St. 
Mary."     (Cambridge   University   Press,    25/-   net.)     1917. 

Dennys,  Joyce,  Hampden  Gordon,  and  M.  G.  Tyndall.  "  Our 
Hospital :  Anzac,  British,  Canadian  "  (Sketches  and  Verses 
about  an  Exeter  V.A.D.  Hospital).     (John  Lane,  3/6.)     1917. 

Frankau,  Gilbert.  "  City  of  Fear "  (Verse).  (Chatto  and 
Windus,  3/6.)     1917. 

Fortescue,  J.  W.  "  The  Three  Pearls."  A  Fairy  Tale.  (Mac- 
millan,  6/-  net.)     1915. 

Galsworthy,  John.     "  Beyond."     (Heinemann,  6/-.)     1917. 

Gastrell,  K,,  and  M.  Gibson.  "  Munitions "  (Verses  and 
Sketches).     (1/-   net.)     1917. 

Gordon,  Hampden,  and  Joyce  Dennys.  "  Our  Girls  in  War 
Time"    (Verses  and   Sketches).     (John   Lane,  3/6.)     1917. 

Hadow,  G.  E.  "  Sir  Walter  Raleigh :  Selections  from  his 
History  of  the  World,  his  Letters,  etc."  (Oxford  University 
Press,  3/6  net.)     1917. 

Hardy,  Oswald  H.  "In  Greek  Seas,  and  other  Poems  of 
Travel."     (John  Lane,  3/6  net.)     1917. 

Harris,  James  Rendel.  "  The  Ascent  of  Oljonpus."  (Man- 
chester University   Press,   5/-  net.)     1917. 

Harris,  James  Rendel.  "  Picus,  who  is  also  Zeus ."  (Cam- 
bridge University  Press,  4/-  net)     1917. 


78  The  Devonian  Year  Book,   1918 

Harris,  James  Rendel.     "  The  Origin  of  the  Prologue  to  St. 

John's    Gospel."     (Cambridge    University    Press,    4/-    net.) 

1917. 
Harris,   James   Rendel.     "  Testimonies,."   Part   I.     (Cambridge 

University  Press,  5/-  net.)     1917. 
Kemahan,  Coulson.     "  In  Good  Company."     (John  Lane,  5/- 

net.)     1917. 
"  Lavington,    Margaret "    (Margaret    Roberts).     "  Cackles   and 

Lays  :    Rhymes  of  a  Hen-Wife."     (John  Lane,  2/6  net.) 
Parr,    Olive    Katharine    ("  Beatrice    Chase ").     "  Tales   of   my 

Knights  and  Ladies."      (Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,  1/-  net.) 

1917. 
Parr,  OHve  Katharine  ("  Beatrice  Chase  ").     "  White  Knights 

on  Dartmoor."     (Longmans,  Green  &  Co.,   1/-  net.)     1917. 
Parry,  H.  Lloyd,  and  Harold  Brakspear.     "  St.  Nicholas  Priory, 

Exeter."     (At  the  Priory,  6d.  net.)     1917. 
Phillpotts,  Eden.     "  The  Nursery."     (Heinemann,  6/-.)     1917. 
Phillpotts,  Eden.     "  Plain  Song,  1914-1916  "  (Poems).     (Heine- 
mann, 3/6.)     1917. 
Presland,  [Mrs.]  John.      "  Lynton  and  Lynmouth  :  a  Pageant  of 

CHff  and  Moorland."     Illustrated  by  F.  J.  Widgery.     (Chatto 

&  Windus,  7/6net.)     1917. 
Satow,  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Ernest.     "  Guide  to  Diplomatic  Practice." 

(Longmans,   28/-.)     2  vols.,    1917. 
Stabb,     John.     "  Some    Old    Devon    Churches :    their    Rood 

Screens,  Pulpits,   Fonts,    etc.,"    vol.  3.     (Simpkin,  Marshall, 

7/6  net.)     1916. 
"  Stag's  Head."     "  Old  Torquay."     (Drawings  and  Antiquarian 

Notes.)     (Published  by  the  Author,  Mayfield,  Seaton,  1  /-.) 
Temple,  William.     "  Issues  of  Faith."    (A  Course  of  Lectures) 

(Macmillan,  2/6  net.) 
Terry,   Sir  H.   M.   Imbert.     "  A   Misjudged  Monarch   (Charles 

Stuart)."     (Heinemann,    15/-.) 
Watkin,  Hugh  R.     "  History  of  Totnes  Priory  and  Mediaeval 

Town."     (Published  by  the  Author,  Torquay.     Subscription 

price,  42/-.)     3  vols., '1914-17. 
WilHamson,  C.  N.  &  A.  M.   "  Cowboy  Countess."     (2/6.)    1917. 
Williamson,  C.   N.   &    A.   M.      "  This  Woman   to  this  Man." 

(Methuen,  3/6.)     1917. 
WilHamson,  C.  N.  and  A.  M.     "  Tiger  Lily."     (Mills  &  Boon, 

6/-.) 


Affiliated  Societies  79 


Affiliated  Societies. 


BARUMITES    IN    LONDON. 

Founded  1893. 

President :   Hubert  Bath,  Esq. 

Hon.    Secretary :     F.    Gabriel,    Roborough,    17,    Paxk   Avenue    South. 

Crouch  End,  N.8. 
Object :  To  promote  social  gatherings  and  good-fellowship. 
Subscription  :    is.  per  annum. 
Qualification  :  Connection  with  Barnstaple  or  its  neighbourhood.    Limited 

to  men. 
Meetings  :   Annual  dinner  in  London. 

LONDON  BIDEFORDIAN  ASSOCIATION. 

Founded  1914. 

President :   S.  R.  Chope,  Esq.,  Ex -Mayor  of  Bideford, 

Vice-Presidents  :   The  Right  Hon.  the  Earl  of  Halsbury,  P.C.  ;    C.  S. 

Carnegie,  Esq.,  J. P. ;  W.  T.  Charlewood,  Esq. ;  R.  Pearse  Chope, 

Esq.,  B.A.  ;   W.  Crosbie  Coles,  Esq.  ;   T.  Cutland,  Esq.  ;   Charles 

Garvice,  Esq.,  F.R.S.L.  ;   Dr.  J.  Heard  ;   Rev.  T.  Newton  Leeke  ; 

Capt.  McNeill  Martin  ;    W.  F.  Mountjoy,  Esq.  ;    J.  Omer,  Esq.  ; 

C.  S.  Parker,  Esq.  ;    R.  W.  Puddicombe,  Esq.  ;    H.  N.  G.  Stucley, 

Esq.,  J. P.,  C.A. 
Hon.  Treasurer  :    A.  Hayne-Evans. 
Hon.  Secretaries  :   George  H.  Heywood  and  F.  R.  Cann,  336,  Holloway 

Road,  N.7 
Objects  :  To  strengthen  the  bond  of  friendship  and  to  keep  in  touch  with 

those  from  "  the  Little  White  Town  on  the  Hill." 
Qualification  :    Persons  connected  with   Bideford  and  district  by  birth, 

marriage,  descent,  or  former  residence. 
Subscription  :    Gentlemen,  2s.  6d.  per  annum  ;    ladies,  is.  6d. 
Meetings  :    Annual  dinner  in  London  and  other  social  gatherings  during 

the  winter  months. 

THE    EXETER    CLUB. 

(London  and  District  Branch.) 

Founded  1880. 

President :    J.  J.  Harris,  Esq. 

Vice-President :    H.  M.  Etherington,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  Harold  D.  Powfi,  7b,  Peterborough  Villas, 
Fulham,   S.W.6 

Assistant  Hon.  Secretary  :   H.  P.  Kelly. 

Press  Correspondent :    A.  S.  Adams. 

Objects  :  To  promote  friendly  and  social  intercourse  ;  to  maintain  the 
status  of  the  Exeter  Training  College  for  school maisters,  and  to  give 
opportunities   for   inter-communication   for    mutual   assistance. 


8o  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

Qualification  :   Training  at  St.  Luke's  College,  Exeter. 

Subscription  :    2s.  6d.  per  annum. 

Meetings  :  Monthly,  in  addition  to  annual  dinner  and  Bohemian  concert . 
In  connection  with  this  Club  are  the  old  Exonians'  Cricket  Club, 
with  the  same  Hon,  Secretary,  and  the  Exonian  Lodge,  No.  3415,  the 
Secretary  of  which  is  F.  J.  Thomson,  31,  Angell  Road,  Brixton,  S.W.g. 

THE  OLD  EXONIAN  CLUB. 

{London  Section.) 

Founded   1904. 

President :   Sir  Henry  S.  Hartnoll,  M.A. 

Vice-Presidents  :    W.  A.  Cunningham,  Esq.,  M.A.  ;    Rev.  A.  A.  David, 

D.D.  ;    E.  T.  England,  Esq.,  M.A.  ;    J.  H.  Fisher,  Esq.,  F.R.C.S.  ; 

Charles  Scott,  Esq.,  J. P. 
Hon.  Secretary  :    Lieut.  A.  Goff  {on  active  service),  H.  Wreford-Glanvill 

{pro  tern.),  British  Dominions  House,  Royal  Exchange  Avenue,  E.C.3. 
Objects  :  To  renew  acquaintance  between  Old  Exonians  living  in  London, 

and  to  arrange  dinners  and  other  entertainments. 
Qualification  :   Education  at  the  Exeter  School. 
Subscription  :    3s.  6d.  per  annum. 
Meetings  :   Annual  dinner  in  London,  and  other  gatherings  from  time  to 

time. 
The  School  Magazine  (free  to  members)  is  issued  each  term. 

THE    OLD    OTTREGIANS'    SOCIETY. 

("  Ottregians  in  London.") 

Founded  1898. 

President :    The  Right  Hon.  The  Lord  Coleridge. 

Vice-Presidents  :  The  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  H.  Kennaway,  Bart.,  C.B. ; 

The  Hon.  Stephen  Coleridge  ;    The  Hon.  Gilbert  Coleridge  ; 

The  Hon.  Geoffrey  Duke  Coleridge. 
Chairman  :    Edward  J.  Barrett. 
Vice-Chairman  :    Tom  Clarke. 

Assistant  Secretaries  :    John  Digby  and  Harold  Drawer. 
Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :    Sidney  H.  Godfrey,  i,  Hadley  Gardens, 

Chiswick,  W. 
Objects:  To  renew  old  acquaintances;  to  strengthen  the  bond  of  friiend- 

ship  ;    to  give  advice  and    assistance  to  friendless    Ottregians  ;    to 

discuss  home  topics,  and  to  publish  home  news. 
Qualification  :  Natives  of  the  postal  district  of  Ottery  St.  Mary,  and  persons 

who  have  lived  for  any  length  of  time  in  the  town. 
Subscription  :   2S.  6d.  per  annum  ;   ladies,  is.  6d. 
Meetings  :  Once  in  eight  weeks  at  the  Ottregian  Room,  The  Cabin,  Strand, 

W.C.,  and  once  a  year  at  Kew  Gardens,  an  annual  concert  at  the 

Cripplegate   Institute   Hall,   and   a   special   train   on   Whit-Mondays 

to  Ottery  St.  Mary. 
A  Benevolent  Fund. 
A  journal  (free  to  members),  containing  news  of  Ottery  St.  Mary,  and 

of  Ottery  people  all  over  the  world. 

Notwithstanding  the  war,  the  meetings  of  members  have  been  held 
throughout  the  year  and  have  been  largely  attended.  A  series  of  whist 
drives  have  been  held  at  Chiswick,   Brixton,  and  Hammersmith,  with 


Affiliated  Societies  8i 


excellent  results.  The  patriotism  of  Ottregians  is  shown  by  over  six 
hundred  serving  with  the  Army  and  Navy.  The  Society's  finances  are 
as  usual,  in  an  excellent  condition,  and  the  Benevolent  Fund  has  been 
of  real  use.  The  meetings  have  been  characterized  by  a  spirit  of  great 
brotherliness. 

THREE    TOWNS    ASSOCIATION 

{Plymouth,  Stonehouse,  and  DEvoNPORr)  in  London. 

Founded  1897. 

President  :    W.  H.  Pawley,  Esq. 

Vice-Presidents :    Major  The    Hon.  Waldorf  Astor,  M.P.  ;    A.  Shirley 

Benn,  Esq..  M.P.  ;    Sir  Clement  Kinloch-Cooke,  M.P.  ;    Sir  John 
Jackson,  M.P  ;    J.  A.  Hawke,  Esq.,  K.C.  (Recorder  of  Plymouth)  ; 

The  Right  Hon.  H.  E.  Duk6,  K.C,  M.P.,  P.C.  ;    Dr.  Blake  Odgers 

K.C.   (Recorder   of  Bristol)  ;    The   Mayor    ok    Plymouth  ;    H.    H. 

Vivian,  Esq.,  J. P. ;  Captain  A.  E.  Spender,  J.P.  ;  W.  J.  McCormack, 

Esq.,  J.P.  ;    Rev.  A.  J.  Waldron  ;    W.  Fowell,   Esq.  ;    FraKk   I, 

Lyons,  Esq.  ;    W.  T.  Madge,  Esq. 
Hon.  Treasurer  :    W.  J.  N.  Webber. 
Hon.  Recreation  Secretary  :    Staff- Seifjjt.   F.  C.  Warren. 
Hon.  Gen.  Secretary:  F.  C.  Gurry.  93,  Peterborough  Rd,,  Fulham,  S.W.  6 
Object :     The   promotion   of   social    and   intellectual   intercourse   among 

the  members  and  associates. 
■Qualification  :    Connection  with  the  Three  Towns  by  birth  or  residence. 
Subscription  :   Gentlemen  3s.  6d.  per  annum,  ladies  is.  per  annum. 
Meetings  :     Annual    dinner,    children's    party,    dances,    smokers,    whist 

drives,  Bohemian  concerts,  summer  outing. 
Headquarters  :  St.  Bride  Institute,  Bride  Lane,  Ludgate  Circus,  E.C.  4. 
The  annual  dinner,  summer  outing,  and  dances  were  omitted  from 
last  season's  programme,  but  all  our  other  functions  were  held,  and  were 
fairly  well  attended.  As  the  result  of  collections  made  at  some  of  the 
meetings,  the  Salcombe  Lifeboat  Disaster  Fund,  the  Y.M.C.A.  Hut 
Fund,  and  other  war  funds  profited  to  the  extent  of  over  £1^.  In  addition, 
members  on  active  service  have  each  received  a  small  souvenir  from  the 
the  Association.  Many  wounded  soldiers  from  the  Three  Towns  have 
been  visited  in  various  London  hospitals  during  the  year.  By  the  death 
of  Sir  George  Radford,  M.P.,  one  of  our  Vice-Presidents,  the  Association 
has  lost  a  generous  friend.  We  have  also  to  regret  the  death  of  our 
Treasurer,  Mr.  W.  M.  Bircham,  who  had  held  that  office  since  the  founda- 
tion of  the  Association,  and  had  also  been  President  and  Secretary.  Mr. 
W.  J.  N.  Webber  was,  at  the  Annual  Meeting,  elected  Treasurer  in  succes- 
sion to  Mr.  Bircham.  As  far  as  possible  the  programme  for  the  ensuing 
season  will  be  similar  to  that  of  season  1916-17. 

THE    TIVERTONIAN    ASSOCIATION. 
Founded  1909. 

President :    C.  Carew,  Esq.,  M.P. 

Vice-Presidents  :  Sir  George  Kekewich,  K.C.B.  ;  Sir  Robert  Newman, 
Bart.,  D.L.,  J.P.  ;  Colonel  E.  T,  Clifford.  V.D.  ;  Sir  Ian  M.  Heath- 
coat  Amory,  Bart.,  J.P.  ;  Rev.  Martin  Anstey,  M.A.,  B.D. ; 
Rev.  W.  p.  Besley,  M.A.  ;  Rev.  S.  J.  Childs-Clarke,  M.A.  ; 
G.  E.  Cockram,  Esq.  ;  John  Coles,  Esq.,  J.P.  ;  F.  Chubb-Finch, 
Esq.  ;  Thos.  H.  Ford,  Esq.,  J.P.  ;  The  Mayor  of  Tiverton  (A.  T. 
Gregory,  Esq.)  ;  E.  V.  Huxtable,  Esq.  ;  S.  G.  Jarman,  Esq. ; 
Lewis  Mackenzie,  Esq. ;  H.  Mudford,  Esq.,  J.P. ;  E.  J.  Snell,  Esq, ; 
F.  G.  Wright,  Esq. 


82  The  Devonian  Year  Book,   1918 

Chairman  of  Committee  :    Frank  Snell. 

Deputy  Chairman  :    F.  A.  Perry. 

Hon.  Treasurer  and  Assistant  Se:retary  :  E.  T.  Clarke. 

Hon.  Secretary:   W.  Passmore,  ioi,  Elspeth  Road,  Clapham   Common, 

S.W.  II. 
Representative  in  Tiverton  :    H.  Hippisley. 
Objects  :  To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  Tivertonians  ;  to  assist 

those  in  need ;  and  to  advise  and  influence  young  men  starting  on  a 

commercial  or  professional  career. 
Qualification :      Persons    connected    with    the    Tiverton    Parliamentary 

Division  by  birth,  descent,  marriage,  or  former  residence. 
Subscription  :   Ordinary  Members  (Ladies  or  Gentlemen),   2S.  per  annum  . 

Hon.  Members — Gentlemen,  los.,  Ladies,  5s. 
Meetings :  Concerts,  whist  drives,  dances,  and  annual  dinner  during  the 

winter  months. 
The  Association  has  been  affiliated  to  St,  Bride  Institute.     Membership 

over  4  "50. 

The  continuance  of  the  War  again  necessitated  the  relinquishment  of 
the  excursion,  dance,  and  concert,  and  the  confinement  of  the  Associa- 
tion's functions  to  whist  drives,  of  which  a  series  were  held  to  afford 
members  opportunities  for  coming  together  Considering  the  times, 
these  were  well  attended,  and  members  evidently  appreciated  the  oppor- 
tunities of  keeping  in  touch  with  the  Association  At  one  whist  drive 
the  prizes  were  distributed  by  Lieut.  Brooks,  of  the  Coldstream  Guards, 
who  was  awarded  a  commission  from  the  ranks  for  distinguished  service 
in  the  field.  Five  members  of  the  Committee — Major  Skinner,  Capt. 
Yandle,  E.  T.  Clarke,  F.  Elston,  and  F.  Studley — as  well  as  a  large  number 
of  other  members,  have  been  serving  with  H.  M.  Forces,  several  having 
obtained  commissions  ;  but  it  is  with  deep  sorrow  that  the  Committee  has 
to  report  the  death  of  one  of  their  number — Driver  F.  Studley,  R.F.A., 
a  native  of  Uflculm,  who  was  killed  in  action  in  France  early  in  November, 
Two  or  three  others  have  been  killed,  and  several  have  been  wounded, 
some  of  whom  have  been  visited  in  London  Hospitals.  The  Hon.  Secretary 
will  always  arrange  that  any  wounded  Tivertonian  in  the  London  district 
shall  be  visited,  if  notification  be  made  to  him.  The  Association  has  lost 
two  Vice-Presidents  by  death  during  the  year — Alderman  John  Thorne, 
J. P.,  and  Alderman  W.  Thorne.  The  latter  gentleman  had  the  distinction 
of  being  Mayor  of  Tiverton  at  the  accession  of  King  Edward  VII., 
and  also  at  the  accession  of  King  George  V.  Both  gentlemen  were  keenly 
interested  in  the  welfare  of  the  Association.  Arrangements  have  been 
made  for  carrying  on  the  Association  on  the  same  lines  as  last  season. 


WEST    BUCKLAND    SCHOOL    OLD    BOYS'    ASSOCIATION, 

(London  Branch.) 

Founded  1899. 

President :  Alderman  Thomas  Parry,  J. P.  (late  Chairman  of  tlxe  Mon- 
mouthshire County  Council). 

Vice-Presidents :  G.  William  Hill,  Esq.,  M.D.,  B.Sc ;  Prof.  T.  B. 
Abell,  M.I.N. a. 

Chairman  :    Prof.  T.  A.  Hearson,  M.Inst.C.E,,  M.I.N.A.,  F.C.I. P.A. 

Hon.  Secretary  {pro  tern.)  :  A,  Taylor,  West  Buckland  School,  South 
Molton,  North  Devon. 


Affiliated  Societies  85 


Objects  :  To  keep  Old  Boys  in  touch  with  the  School  and  with  each  other  ; 

to  promote  gatherings  among  Old  Boys  for  pleasure  and  sport ;    and 

to  further  the  interests  of  the  School  generally. 
Qualification  :    Education  at  West  Buckland  School. 
Subscription  :   Life  membership,  half  a  guinea. 
Meetings  :   Annual  dinner  in  London,  and  other  social  gatherings  during 

the  winter  months. 
The  School  Magazine  (2S.  per  annum)  is  issued  each  term,  containing 
news  of  Old  Boys  all  over  the  world. 

No  meetings  were  held  during  the  season  1916-17,  owing  to  the  large 
number  of  Old  Boys  on  active  service.  (A  Roll  of  Honour  is  being  kept 
of  all  who  are  serving  their  country  in  various  ways,  and  the  Head  Master 
is  anxious  to  make  it  as  accurate  and  complete  as  possible.  Old  Boys 
are  requested  to  forward  to  him  full  names  and  particulars  of  rank,  etc.) 
The  number  of  members  has  been  steadily  increasing,  and  is  now  442. 
F.  H.  Shelley,  who  succeeded  C.  Wheeler  as  Hon.  Secretary,  has  "joined 
up,"  and  the  duties  are  now  being  carried  on  by  A.  Taylor,  at  the  School. 

Nearly  20  Old  Boys  have  passed  through  Sandhurst  or  Woolwich  in 
the  regular  Army  since  the  war  began.  As  far  as  can  be  traced,  about 
300  are  serving  :  24  have  been  killed,  and  more  than  30  wounded.  Lieut.- 
Col.  T.  P.  Puddicombe  and  Major  C.  W.  Wheeler  have  been  awarded  the 
D.S.O.,  Capt.  V.  C.  Martyn,  Lieut.  C.  B.  Callander,  and  Lieut.  R.  H. 
Smyth  have  gained  the  MiUtary  Cross,  and  Sapper  H.  Babbage,  the  D.C.M. 

J.  G.  Small,  Mayor  of  Nottingham,  has  been  assisting  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  National  Service.  W.  S.  Abell  has  been  made  a  member  of  the 
Advisory  Committee  of  Merchant  Shipping,  and  Sir  Leonard  Rogers  a 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society.  Rev.  J.  F.  Chanter  and  R.  P.  Chope  were 
Vice-Presidents  of  the  Devonshire  Association  at  its  meeting  in  Barnstaple 
in  July,  1917.  Dr.  S.  R.  Dyer  has  been  appointed  Medical  Inspector  of 
Prisons  in  England  and  Wales  under  the  Home  Office. 

SOCIETY    OF    DEVONIANS    IN    BRISTOL 
Founded  1891. 

President :    A.  Beer,  Esq. 

Vice-President :    Alderman  H.  W.  Twiggs. 

Hon.  Treasurer :    A.  Dodge. 

Hon.  Secretary  :    H.  Garland,  180,  Redland  Road,  Bristol. 

Objects  :  To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  Devonians  in  Bristol 
by  social  gatherings,  and  to  assist  benevolent  or  charitable  objects, 
with  a  special  regard  to  those  in  which  Devonians  are  interested. 

Qualification  :    Natives,  and  others  connected  with  Devon. 

Subscription  :   5s.  per  annum  ;    ladies,  2s.  6d. 

Meetings  :   Annual  dinner,  and  concerts,  etc.,  from  time  to  time. 

The  Society  possesses  a  Presidential  Badge,  each  Past-President  con- 
tributing a  link  for  a  chain. 

The  Committee  feel  that  no  apology  is  necessary  for  their  having  re- 
frained from  arranging  the  usual  social  gatherings  during  the  year.  It 
will  be  realized  by  all  that  in  these  times  of  stress  and  anxiety  no  real 
enjoyment  would  be  derived  from  any  form  of  entertainment  that  could 
be  provided. 

The  outstanding  event  of  the  year  was  the  entertainment  by  the  Society 
of  about  350  wounded  soldiers  at  the  Museum  in  March  last.  The  Lord 
Mayor  of  Bristol,  Dr.  Barclay  Baron,  Past  President  of  the  Society, 
accepted  the  invitation  to  be  present  on  this  occasion,  and  addressed 


84  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

words  of  welcome  and  cheer  to  the  guests.  After  the  tea  an  excellent 
programme,  consisting  of  ventriloquism,  items  in  the  Devonshire  dialect, 
songs,  etc.,  was  thoroughly  enjoyed.  The  Committee  are  indebted  to 
Alderman  Fuller  Eberle  for  his  co-operation  in  making  the  arrangements 
for  the  afternoon  and  for  his  generous  donation  of  ten  guineas  towards 
the  expenses. 

To  those  members  who  have  joined  His  Majesty's  forces  the  Committee 
have  sent  hearty  greetings  and  best  wishes,  and  it  is  gratifying  to  learn 
that  these  members  are  safe  and  well. 

The  finances  of  the  Society  remain  in  a  satisfactory  condition,  the 
balance  in  hand  being  £62  8s.  2d.,  of  which  ^50  4s.  5d.,  is  allocated  to 
the  Benevolent  Fund.  It  is  pleasing  to  note  that  there  were  only  13 
applications  for  relief  from  Devonians  in  distress  during  the  year. 

There  is  a  slight  falling  off  in  the  membership  owing  to  removals  and 
two  resignations,  but  it  is  fully  anticipated  that,  with  the  passing  of  the 
prevailing  gloom,  other  Devonians  will  attach  themselves  to  the  Society. 

It  is  with  deep  regret  that  the  loss  by  death  of  Colonel  H.  B.  O.  Savile, 
C.B.,  has  to  be  recorded.  He  was  a  highly-esteemed  Past  President  of 
the  Society,  and  always  evinced  an  interest  in  its  welfare. 

Members  are  reminded  that  they  are  eligible  as  Associates  of  the  London 
Devonian  Association.  The  subscription  is  2s.  6d.  per  annum,  and  each 
Associate  receives  a  copy  of  the  Devonian  Year  Book. 


CARDIFF   DEVONSHIRE   SOCIETY. 

Founded   1906. 

President  :    W.  T.  Symonds,  Esq.,  J. P. 

Vice-Presidents  :     Hon.    Stephen    Coleridge  ;     Sir    Harry    T.    Eve  ; 

Rt.  Hon.   George   Lambert,  M.P.  ;     Sir  Robert  Newman,  Bart. ; 

Jas.  Radley,  Esq. 
Chairman  :    Sir  Wm.  Crossman. 
Hon.   Treasurer  :    A.   Akenhead. 
Hon.  Secretaries  :  E.  W.  Benjamin  and  John  Evans,  99,  St.  Mary  Street, 

Cardiff. 
Objects  :  To  bring  Devonians  in  Cardiff  more  closely  together,  to  foster  the 

traditions  of  the  County,  and  to  raise  a  fund  to  afford  temporary  reUef 

to  necessitous  and  deserving  Devonians. 
Qualification  :   Birth  or  descent. 
Subscription  :   5s.  per  annum. 
Meetings  :   Annual  dinner. 


THE  ASSOCIATION  OF  WEST  COUNTRYMEN  IN  FOLKESTONE 

Founded  19 13. 
President:    T.  Boundy,  Esq.   (Tiverton). 
Vice-Presidents :    Rev.   T.   T.    Broad  ;    D'Arcy  Clayton,    Esq.    (South 

Molton) . 
Hon.  Treasurer  :    H.  Chapple,  Esq.   (Chittlehampton) . 
Hon.     Secretary  :   W.    E.   Cross,    Esq.    (Exeter),  91,     Sandgate     Road, 

Folkestone. 
Objects  :    Social    intercourse,    entertainments,    excursions,    and    assisting 

benevolent  and  charitable  funds. 
Qualifications  :    Birth  or  descent  :    Devon,  Cornwall,  or  Somerset. 
Subscription  :    Gentlemen,  2s.  6d.  ;    Ladies,  is. 


Affiliated  Societies  85 


Once  again  the  Association  is  able  to  report  a  successful  and  progressive 
year.  The  Christmas  parcels  to  members  serving  at  Home  and  Abroad 
with  H.M.  Forces  were  much  appreciated,  and  it  is  the  intention  of  the 
Committee  to  repeat  this  on  a  larger  scale  this  year.  The  whist  drives 
have  been  continued  with  increasing  success,  the  latest  being  attended 
by  nearly  100.  Three  summer  outings  have  taken  place :  the  first 
under  ideal  conditions,  when  70  members  visited  Hatch  Park,  by  kind 
permission  of  the  late  Sir  Wyndham  Knatchbull,  and  convalescent  soldiers 
were  also  entertained.  The  other  two  excursions  were  taken  to  Mersham, 
and  at  one  of  these  our  old  friend,  "Jan  Stewer,"  rode  over  from  the 
camp  at  which  he  then  was  and  entertained  the  party  on  the  lawn  in  his 
own  inimitable  style.  Before  proceeding  to  the  Front,  "  Jan  "  appeared, 
by  the  kindness  of  Mr.  D'Arcy  Clayton,  at  the  Lea  Pavilion,  Folkestone, 
with  great  success  before  a  crowded  audience,  the  members  of  the  Associa- 
tion occupying  the  front  seats  of  the  house. 

Further,  the  Society  is  able  to  report  a  gratifying  increase  in  member- 
ship, and,  an  improved  financial  position.  Reference  should  be  made 
to  the  loss  to  the  Society  of  Mr.  Cyril  G.  Church,  the  talented  organist  of 
the  Parish  Church,  who  is  leaving  to  take  up  a  new  position  as  organist 
of  Holy  Cross  Church,  Crediton. 

LEICESTER  AND  SOUTH  MIDLANDS  DEVON  AND  CORNWALL 

ASSOCIATION. 
Founded  1900. 

President  :   E.  G.  Tardrew,  Esq. 

Vice-Presidents :  H.  Burdett,  Esq.;  C.  J.  Hopkins,  Esq.;  F.  C.  Pulsford, 

Esq. ;   J.  Titley,  sen.,  Esq. 
Hon.  Treasurer  :  W.  A.  Clarke. 

Joint  Hon.  Secretaries  :    F.  W.  Honey  and  J.  Titley. 
Objects  :   To  promote  social  intercourse  between  Devonians  and  Comish- 

men  resident  in  the  district,  and  the  study  and  cultivation  of  the 

folklore  of  the  two  counties. 
Qualification  :    Birth,   parentage,  or  residence  for  20  years  in  Devon  or 

Cornwall. 
Subscription  :   2s.  6d.  per  annum. 
Meetings  :   Annual  dinner. 

DEVONIANS    IN    LIVERPOOL    AND    DISTRICT. 
Founded  1895. 

President :   Henry  Smith,  Esq.  (Dartmouth). 

Vice-Presidents  :  Thomas  Beer,  Esq.  (Exeter)  ;  John  Jones,  Esq. 
(Plymouth)  ;  Capt.  A.  B.  Toms  (Plymouth)  ;  Lieut.  T.  W.  Warren, 
R.N.R.  (Plymouth)  ;    John  R.Watkins,  Esq.  (Plymouth). 

Hon.  Treasurer  :    F.  G.  Smith  (Topsham). 

Hon.  Secretary  :    Fred.  J.  Andain  (Exeter),  22,  Cromer  Drive,  Wallasey. 

Object :    Social  intercourse. 

Qualification  :    Birth,  parentage  on  either  side,  residence,  or  marriage. 

Subscription  :    2s.  6d.  per  annum. 

Meetings :     Annual    dinner,    social    gatherings,    whist  drives,   children's 
parties,  etc. 
In  consequence  of    the  War  the  whist  drives    and  children's  parties 

were  abandoned,  but  four  socials  and  the  annual  dinner  were  held,  and 

proved  very  successful. 


86  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


PORTSMOUTH    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 

President :    Lieut.  H,  E.  Lidiard,  R.N.S.M. 

Vice-Presidents  :  J.  Carpenter,  Esq.  ;  W.  Dart,  Esq.  ;  J.  W.  Gieve, 
Esq.  ;    R.  K.  Niner,  Esq.  ;    P.  G.  D.  Winter,  Esq. 

Hon.  Treasurer  :    E.  G.  Stephens. 

Entertainment  Secretary  :  W.  J.  Davies. 

Hon.  Secretary  :  W.  G.  Collins,  35,  Lyndhurst  Road,  North  End,  Ports- 
mouth. 

Objects  :  To  bring  together  Devonians  residing  in  Portsmouth  and  district, 
to  form  a  common  county  bond  of  friendship,  and  to  assist  as  far 
as  possible  those  in  need. 

Qualifications  :    Birth,  parentage,  ten  years'  residence,  or  marriage. 

Meetings  :   Annual  dinner,  whist  drives,  dances,  concerts,  outings,  excur- 
sions,  etc. 
The  President's  Chain  of  Office,  bearing  the  arms  of  Devon  and  Ports- 
mouth, the  nucleus  of  which  was  the  gift  of  J.  Carpenter,  Esq.  (Tiverton), 

has  a  link  added  to  it  by  the  President  of  each  year,  bearing  his  name. 

READING  AND  DISTRICT  DEVON  AND  CORNISH  ASSOCIATION. 

Founded  1895. 

President :    Rev.  G.  F.  Coleridge,  R.D.,  M.A. 

Vice-Presidents  :  E.  Bowden,  Esq.  ;  J.  Bucknell,  Esq.  ;  H.  Chown, 
Esq.;  J.  Ellis,  Esq.;  Rev.  Canon  W.  W.  Fowler,  M.A.,  D.Sc. ; 
R.  Hall,  Esq.;  J.  Harris,  Esq.;  J.  Morse,  Esq.;  G.  E.  B.  Rogers, 
Esq.  ;  J.  H.  RowE,  Esq. ;  H.  O.  Serpell,  Esq. ;  G.  Shorland,  Esq. : 
P.  W.  Teague,  Esq. ;  W.  J.  Toye,  Esq.,  M.A. ;  and  Dr.  J.  Hopkins 
Walters. 

Chairman  of  Committee  :    Rev.  Canon  W.  W.  Fowler,  M.A.,  D.Sc. 

Hon.  Treasurer  :   Councillor  A.  I.  Maker. 

Hon.  Auditor  :  T.  R.  Kittow. 

Hon.  Secretaries  :  Clement  Tregay,  17,  Donnington  Road,  Reading ; 
F.  H.  Yellen,  47,  Market  Place,  Reading. 

Objects  :  To  maintain  the  interest  of  members  in  the  old  Counties  ;  to 
foster  the  wholesome  clannish  characteristics  of  Devonians  and 
Cornishmen  ;    and  to  encourage  friendly  intercourse  among  members. 

Qualification  :    Birth  or  descent. 

Subscription  :    is.  per  annum  (minimum). 

Meetings :  Annual  dinner,  annual  river  trip,  social  gatherings,  whist 
drives,  dances,  etc. 

SWANSEA    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 
Founded  1894. 

President :   T.  R.  de  Gay,  Esq. 

Vice-Presidents  :  S.  Daniel,  Esq. ;  J.  Dyer,  Esq. ;  W.  A.  Ford,  Esq. ; 
J.  B.  Gill,  Esq. ;  T.  W.  Hews,  Esq. ;  W.  R.  Jefford,  Esq. ;  C.  H. 
Newcombe,  Esq. ;  C.  T.  Passmore,  Esq. ;  H.  Salter,  Esq. 

Chairman  :    H.  Salter,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretaries  :    S.  T.  Drew  and  F.  Lane. 

Objects  :  To  promote  fraternal  feelings,  social  intercourse  and  entertain- 
ment ;  to  purchase  books  on  the  history  of  Devon,  and  to  render 
assistance  in  case  of  need. 

Qualification  :    Birth  or  descent. 

Subscription  :    is.  per  annum. 

Meetings  :  Social  gatherings  at  intervals,  summer  excursion  in  August, 
annual  dinner  in  November. 


Affiliated  Societies  87 


DEVONIAN  SOCIETY  IN  CALCUTTA. 
Founded  1901. 
President :    J.  Cottle,  Esq.  « 

Vice-President :    Dr.  H.  Pedler. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :   R.  P.  Adams,  3,  Lee  Road,  Calcutta. 
Objects  :  To  promote  a  common  County  bond  of  friendship,  and  to  render 

aid  to  Devonians  in  India. 
Qualification  :   Birth  or  long  residence. 
Subscription  :   Rs.  12  per  annum. 
Meetings :    Annual  dinner  and  ball,  generally  in  January. 

THE    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY    OF    RHODESIA. 

Patrons  :  Sir  Lewis  Michell,  C.V.O.  ;   R.  T.  Coryndon,  Esq.,  C.M.G. 

President :    Dr.  J.  Dyke  Acland. 

Vice-Presidents  :  E.  Basch,  Esq.  ;  W.  Bridgman,  Esq.  ;  J.  W.  Maynb, 
Esq.  ;   V.  A.  New,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  C.  F.  Osmond,  P.O.  Box  165,  Bulawayo, 
Rhodesia. 

Objects  :  To  encourage  and  promote  social  intercourse  and  good  fellow- 
ship ;  to  advance  the  interests  of  Devonians  in  Rhodesia,  and  to 
co-operate  with  kindred  societies  ;   and  to  help  Devonians  in  distress. 

Qualification  :    Birth,  parentage,  or  seven  years'  residence. 

Subscription  :    los.  6d.  per  annum,  or  3  guineas  for  Ufe  membership 

THE    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY    OF    MONTREAL. 

President :  Prof.  Charles  E.  Moyse  (Torquay),  B.A.,  LL.D.,  Vice- 
Principal  and  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of  Arts,  McGill  University. 

Vice-Presidents :  Mrs.  Moyse  ;  W.  H.  Blackaller,  Esq.  (Crediton)  ; 
F.  H.  Devenish,  Esq.  (Exeter)  ;  W.  Livermore,  Esq.  (Woodbury)  ; 
C.  W.  Parkin,  Esq.  (Barnstaple)  ;  W.  Priston,  Esq.  (Torquay)  ; 
E.  W.  T.  Raddon,  Esq.  (Exmou^h). 

Treasurer  :    W.  Livermore. 

Assistant  Secretary  :  F.  H.  Devenish. 

Auditors  :    J.  Gourd  (Exmouth)  ;    H.  S.  T.  Piper  (Plymouth). 

Committee :  Mrs.  Rouet  (Torquay)  .•  W.  Cowley  (Woodbury)  ;  W. 
Lock  (Woodbury)  ;  H.  Markland  (Exeter)  ;  J  as.  Mock  (Ilfra.- 
combe)  ;    G.    Pillage   (Torquay). 

Secretary  :    C.  W.  Parkin,  5,  Mansfield  Street. 

Objects  :  To  renew  old  acquaintances,  to  form  new  ones,  and  with  those 
who  hold  a  common  interest  and  are  bound  by  mutual  ties;  to  per- 
petuate the  traditions,  literature,  folklore,  etc.,  of  Devon  ;  to  foster 
the  study  of  these  locally ;  and  to  promote  the  spirit  of  fraternity  among 
our  fellow-countrymen  in  Canada  as  it  exists  among  them  at  home. 

Qualifications  :  Natives  of  Devon,  their  immediate  descendants,  or  (subject 
to  the  approval  of  the  Committee)  former  residents  in  Devon. 

Subscription  :    One  dollar. 

Meetings  :  The  First  Wednesday  in  each  month,  at  St.  George's  Hall, 
5,  Mansfield  Street. 

The  year's  record  has  been  very  satisfactory,  considering  the  absence 
of  many  of  the  more  active  members  at  the  Front.  The  decision  to 
admit  ladies  to  full  membership  has  caused  a  great  development  in  the 
social  life  of  the  Society.  The  formation  of  a  Cornish  Society  in  Montreal 
has  resulted  in  friendly  intercourse,  and  on  Dominion  Day  the  two  Societies 
combined  in  entertaining  the  West  Countrymen  of  one  of  His  Majesty's 


88  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 8 

warships  then  in  the  port,  when  many  pleasant  hours  were  spent  in  a 
picnic  on  an  island  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  A  subscription  list  has  been 
opened  fpr  a  sum  to  be  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Mayoress  of  Exeter 
for  the  benefit  of  Devonian  soldiers  and  sailors.  During  the  year  the 
Society  has  attended  many  patriotic  functions.  The  Annual  Meeting, 
held  October  3,  showed  great  promise  of  an  interesting  programme  for  the 
coming  winter  session,  while  the  first  social  gathering  in  November  was 
a  marked  success.  The  Society  has  nearly  forty  members  who  have 
enlisted  voluntarily  for  active  service. 

DEVONIAN    SOCIETY    OF    OTTAWA. 

Founded  1912. 

President :    Lieut. -Col.  S.  Mavnard  Rogers. 

Vice-Presidents  :  Commander  P.  C.  W.  Howe,  R.N.  ;  Hon.  W.  H.  Hoyle, 

M.P. ;  Hon.  F.  D.  Monk,  M.P.  ;  Rev.  G.  P.  Woollcombe. 
Chairman  :    W.  E.  Hooper,  Esq. 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  A.  J.  Mudge,  505,  Cooper  St.,  Ottawa,  Ont. 
Objects  :   To  promote  a  spirit  of  fraternity  amongst  Devonians  in  Ottawa 

and  district,  by  means  of  social  intercourse  ;    to  foster  a  continued 

love  of  the  County  ;    and  to  advance  and  protect  the  interests  of 

Devonians  generally. 
Qualification  :    Birth,  descent,  marriage. 
Subscription  :    One  dollar  per  annum. 
Meetings  :    The  third  Monday  in  each  month  at  Moreland  Hall,  Corner 

Fourth  Avenue  and  Bank  Street. 

THE    TORONTO    DEVONIAN    SOCIETY. 

Founded  1907. 

President  :    C.  Lee  Hutchings,   Esq. 

Vice-President  :    J.  H.  Hayden,  Esq. 

Hon.  Treasurer  :    W.  White. 

Assistant  Secretary  :    F.  M'Lean. 

Hon.  Secretary  :    W.  Skelton,  ioi,  Leslie  Street,  Toronto,  E. 

Objects  :  To  renew  old  acquaintances  and  to  form  new  ones  with  those  who 
hold  a  common  interest ;  to  foster  a  knowledge  of  the  traditions, 
literature,  folklore,  etc.,  of  Devonshire  ;  and  to  promote  the  spirit 
of  fraternity  among  Devonians  in  Canada. 

Qualification  :    Birth  or  descent. 

Subscription  :    One  dollar  per  annum. 

Meetings  :  The  second  and  fourth  Thursdays  of  each  month,  in  the  Sons 
of  England  Hall,  Richmond  Street  East,  the  meetings  to  be  alter- 
nately of  a  business  and  social  character. 

DEVON,  CORNWALL,  AND  SOMERSET  SOCIETY  OF  MANITOBA. 

Founded  1907. 

Hon.  Presidents  :    Major  W.  A.  Dyer  ;    J.  Hooper,  Esq. 

President  :    W.  H.  Daw,  Esq.   (Devon). 

Vice-Presidents  :  W.  J.  Vicary,  Esq.  (Devon)  ;  S.  S.  Leach,  Esq.  (Corn- 
wall) ;    A.  E.  Partridge,  Esq.  (Somerset). 

Executive  :  Messrs.  E.  W.  Paul,  F.  Vooght,  and  F.  PooK  (Devon), 
W.  Norris,  C.  Slater,  and  H.  Smell  (Somerset). 

Ladies'  Auxiliary — Hon.  President:    Mrs.   Cullingford   (Devon). 

President :    Mrs.  Pile  (Devon). 


Affiliated  Societies  89 


Commiliee  :  Mrs.  Ware,  Mrs.  Vicary,  Mrs.  Pook  (Devon),  Mrs.  Butland, 
Mrs.  Cann,  Misses  Tippett  and  Leach  (Cornwall),  Mrs.  Norris, 
Mrs.  Thatcher,  Mrs.  Smell,  Misses  Ferris  and  Stone  (Somerset). 

Pianist  :    Miss  L.  Seamer  (Devon). 

Hon.  Secretary  and  Treasurer  :  S.  G.  Ware  (Devon),  509,  Agnes  Street, 
Winnipeg. 

Objects  :  To  renew  old  acquaintances,  to  form  new  ones  with  those  who 
hold  a  common  interest  and  are  bound  by  mutual  ties  ;  to  perpetuate  - 
the  traditions,  literature,  folklore,  etc.,  of  Devon;  to  foster  the  study 
of  these  locally  and  of  the  County  at  large ;  and  to  promote  the  spirit 
of  fraternity  amongst  our  fellow-countrymen  abroad  as  it  exists 
among  them  at  home. 

Qualifications  :  Devonian  men  and  women,  and  others  connected  with 
the  County. 

Subscription  :    One  dollar  for  men  ;    ladies,  50  cents. 

Meetings  :    The  third  Thursday  in  each  month. 

The  seventh  Annual  Meeting  was  held  at  the  Fairbairn  Hall,  Winnipeg, 
on  Thursday,  Sept.  20,  1917,  when  24.50  dollars  were  given  to  the  Red 
Cross  Fund,  and  nine  new  members  were  elected.  It  was  reported  that, 
at  an  enjoyable  social  meeting  on  Jan.  18,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Daw  unveiled  the 
Roll  of  Honour,  which  bears  nearly  forty  names.  The  Roll  was  illuminated 
and  given  to  the  Society  by  the  Devon  Vice-President,  W.  J.  Vicary, 
Esq.,  and  the  frame,  of  polished  oak  with  gold  fittings,  was  presented 
by  Mr.  F.  Pook.  The  President  paid  a  feeling  tribute  to  the  memory 
of  Mr.  Samuel  Cann,  the  Cornwall  Vice-President,  who  passed  away 
suddenly  on  Jan.  17. 

VICTORIA    DEVONIANS,    B.C. 
Founded  191 2. 

President  :    Hon  Edgar  Dewdney. 

Chairman  :   Henry  Martyn,  Esq.  (Devonport). 

V ice-Chairmen  :  Alan  Dumbleton,  Esq. ;  Jos.  H.  List,  Esq.  (Barnstaple). 

Recorder:    H.  Pike  (Torquay). 

Hon.  Auditor :   W.  Curtis  Sampson  (South  Molton). 

Joint  Hon.  Secretaries  and  Treasurers  :  Fred.  J.  Henson  (Tiverton), 
S.  Henson   (Tiverton),  Box  1208,  Victoria,  B.C. 

Objects  :  (i)  To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  Devonians  residing  • 
in  Victoria  and  district,  by  means  of  meetings  and  special  re-unions, 
and  by  keeping  in  communication  with  Devonians  at  home  and 
elsewhere.  (2)  To  foster  a  knowledge  of  the  history,  folklore,  litera- 
ture, music,  arts  and  antiquities  of  the  county  of  Devon.  (3)  To 
carry  out  from  time  to  time  approved  schemes  for  the  benefit  of 
Devonians  residing  at  home  and  in  Victoria  and  district. 

Qualifications  :  Birth,  descent,  marriage,  or  residence  of  more  than  five 
years  in  Devon. 


90  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

Devonian  Societies  not  Affiliated. 

{With  Names  and  Addresses  of  Secretaries.) 

(A)  At  Home. 

Bath  and  District  Devonian  Society. — A.  T.  Harris. 

Bexhih-  and  District  West-Country  Association. — F.  B.  Temple, 
Bexhill. 

Birmingham  and  Midland  Devonian  Society. — T.  W.  Hussey,  21 
First  Avenue,  Selly  Park,  Birmingham. 

Bournemouth  and  District  West-Country  Association. — E.  S. 
Rosevear,    100,   Alma   Road,   Bournemouth. 

West-Country  Association,  Eastbourne. — W.  Percy  Glanfield  and 
E.  Akery,  Albemarle  Hotel,  Eastbourne. 

The  Association  of  West-Countrymen  in  Hampshire. — F.  A.  Grant, 
37,  Padwell  Road,  The  Avenue,  Southampton. 

Hull  Devonian  Society. — F.  C.  Wood,  Spring  Bank,  Hull. 

Devonian  Society  in  Manchester  and  District. — J.  A.  Bustard, 
4,  Mauldeth  Road,  Withington,  Manchester. 

Devon  and  Cornwall  Society,  Newport  (Mon.)  and  District. — 
J.  Cowling,  3,  Annesley  Road,  Maindee,  Newport  (Mon.). 

Northamptonshire  West-Country  Association. — W.  Chaffe,  North- 
ampton. 

Reigate  and  Redhill  and  District  Devon  and  Cornwall  Associa- 
tion.— Henry   Libby,    "  Cromer,"    Ringwood    Avenue,    Redhill. 

Rochester,  Chatham,  Gillingham,  and  District  Devon  and  Corn- 
wall Association. — W.  J.  Manicom. 

Devon,  Cornwall,  and  West-Country  Association  for  the  County 
OF  Surrey. — W.   J.  Davis,  Lulworth,  Guildford. 

Society  of  West-Countrymen  in  West  Kent  (Tunbridge  Wells, 
Tonbridge  and  District). — O.  B.  Geake,  48,  Dudley  Road,  Tunbridge 
Wells. 

Devonians  in  Weston-super-Mare. — T.  J.  Kerslake,  Alexandra  Parade, 
Weston-super-Mare. 

Weymouth  and  District  Devonian  Society. — Mr.  Billingsly,  Wey- 
mouth. 

Devonians  in  the  Isle  of  Wight. — W.  Ormsby  Rymer,  33a,  Holyrood 
Street,  Newport,  I.W. 

Devonians  and  Cornishmen  in  Worcestershire. — W.  J.  Pearce  and 
C.  D.  Willis,  Berrow's  Worcester  Journal  Office,  Worcester. 

(B)  Abroad. 

West  of  England  Association  of  Cape  Town. — A.  F.  Steer,  P.O.  Box 

1 1 69,  Cape  Town. 
Cornwall  and  Devon  Association  of  Durban  and  District. — W.  H. 

Trevaskis,  263,  Clark  Road,  Durban. 
West  of  England  Association  in  Edmonton,  Alberta. — E.  G.  Rendell, 

236,  Jasper  Avenue,  W.,  Edmonton,  Alberta,  Canada. 
Hong-Kong  Devonian  Society. — P.  Jacks,  Hong-Kong. 
Cornwall  and   Devon  Association   of   New   South   Wales.' — James 

Jenkin,  St.  Day,  Wilberforce  Avenue.  Rose  Bay,  Sydney,  N.S.W. 


Rules  of  the  London  Devonian  Association  91 

Rules  of   the  London  Devonian 
Association. 

1.  Name. — ^The  name  of  the  Society  shall  be  "  The  Londoh 

Devonian  Association." 

2.  Objects. — ^The  objects  of  the  Society  shall  be  : — 

{a)  To  encourage  the  spirit  ot  local  patriotism — "  that 
righteous  and  God-given  feeling  which  is  the  root  of 
all  true  patriotism,  valour,  civilization " — the  spirit 
that  animated  the  great  Devonian  heroes  who  defeated 
the  Spanish  Armada  and  laid  the  foundations  of  the 
British  Empire. 

(6)  To  form  a  central  organization  in  London  to  promote 
Devonian  interests,  and  to  keep  Devonians  throughout 
the  world  in  communication  with  their  fellows  at 
home  and  abroad. 

(c)  To  promote  friendly  intercourse  amongst  De- 
vonians residing  in  London  and  district,  by  means  of 
meetings  and  social  re-unions. 

(d)  To  foster  a  knowledge  of  the  History,  Folklore, 
Literature,  Music,  Art,  and  Antiquities  of  the  County. 

(e)  To  carry  out  from  time  to  time  approved  schemes 
for  the  benefit  of  Devonians  residing  in  London  or 
elsewhere. 

3.  Constitution. — ^The  Society  shall  consist  of  Life  and  Ordinary 

Members  and  Associates.* 

4.  Qualification. — Any  person    residing   in  London  or  district 

who  is  connected  with  the  County  of  Devon  by  birth, 
descent,  marriage,  or  former  residence,  shall  be  eligible 
for  membership,  but  such  person  shall  be  nominated  by  a 
Member  and  the  nomination  submitted  to  the  Committee, 
who  shall  at  their  first  Meeting  after  receipt  of  the  nomina- 
tion by  the  Hon.  Secretary,  decide  by  vote  as  to  the  accept- 
^      ance  or  otherwise  of  the  nomination, 

5.  Subscription. — The  annual  subscription  to  the  Society  shall 

be  5/-  for  gentlemen,  and  2/6  for  ladies  and  those  under 
21  years  of  age.     Members  ot  other  recognized  Devonian 

*  All  DaTonlans  (whether  by  birth,  descent,  marriage,  or  residence)  not  at  present 
residing  in  London  or  district  are  aligibie  as  Associates.  The  subscription  is  2/6  per 
annum,  or  two  guineas  for  life,  and  each  Associate  receives  a  copy  of  the  Year  Book. 


92  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


Associations  in  London  shall  be  admitted  as  Members  on 
the  nomination  of  their  representatives  on  the  Committee 
at  an  annual  subscription  of  2/6.  The  subscription  for 
Life  Membership  shall  be  two  guineas  for  gentlemen  and 
one  guinea  for  ladies.  Subscriptions  will  be  payable  on 
election  and  each  subsequent  30th  September.  The 
name  of  any  Member  whose  subscription  is  in  arrear  for 
six  months  may  be  removed  from  the  list  of  Members  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Committee.. 

6.  Officers. — The  Officers  of  the  Society  shall  be  a  President, 

Chairman,  Hon.  Secretary,  Hon.  Subscription  Secretary 
and  Hon.  Treasurer,  all  of  whom  shall  be  elected  at  the 
Annual  Meeting. 

7.  Management. — The   management   of   the   Society   shall   be 

vested  in  a  Committee,  consisting  of  the  President,  Chair- 
man, Hon.  Secretary,  Hon.  Assistant  Secretary,  Hon. 
Treasurer,  and  fifteen  other  Members,  and  a  representative 
elected  by  each  of  the  other  Devonian  Associations  in 
London,  such  representatives  to  be  Members  of  the  Society. 

■8.  Meetings  of  Committee. — The  Committee  shall  meet  at  least 
once  a  quarter.     Seven  to  form  a  quorum. 

9.  Chairman    of    Committee.— The    Committee    at    their    first 

Meeting  after  the  Annual  Meeting  shall  elect  a  Chairman 
and  a  Deputy-Chairman  from  Members  of  the  Association. 

10.  Power  of  Committee.— The  Committee  shall  be  empowered 
to  decide  all  matters  not  dealt  with  in  these  rules,  subject 
to  an  appeal  to  a  General  Meeting. 

H.  Auditors. — Two  Members,  who  are  not  Members  of  the 
Committee,  shall  be  elected  at  each  Annual  Meeting  to 
audit  the  Accounts  of  the  Society. 

12.  Annual  General  Meeting. — The  Annual  General  Meeting 
shall  be  held  in  the  month  of  October,  when  all  Officers, 
five  Members  of  the  Committee,  and  Auditors  shall  retire, 
but  be  ehgible  for  re-election.  The  business  of  the  Annual 
General  Meeting  shall  be  the  election  of  Officers,  five 
Committee  men,  and  two  Auditors ;  presentation  of 
Annual  Report  and  Balance  Sheet  for  the  year  ending 
30th  September  ;  and  any  other  business,  due  notice  of 
which  has  been  given  to  the  Hon.  Secretary,  according  to 
the  Rules. 


Rules  of  the  London  Devonian  Association  93 

13.  Special  General  Meeting. — A  Special  General  Meeting  shall 
be  summoned  by  the  Hon.  Secretary  within  fourteen 
days  by  a  resolution  of  the  Committee,  or  within  twenty- 
one  days  of  the  receipt  of  a  requisition  signed  by  30  Mem- 
bers of  the  Society,  such  requisition  to  state  definitely  the 
business  to  be  considered. 

14.  Notice  of  Meeting. — Seven  days'  notice  shall  be  given  of  all 
General  Meetings  of  the  Society,  the  date  of  postmark  to 
be  taken  as  the  date  of  circular. 

15.  Alteration  of  Rules. — No  alteration  or  addition  to  these 
Rules  shall  be  made  except  at  the  Annual  Meeting  (when 
due  notice  of  such  alteration  or  addition  must  have  been 
sent  to  the  Hon.  Secretary  on  or  before  23rd  September) 
or  at  a  Special  General  Meeting.  A  copy  of  the  proposed 
alteration  or  addition  shall  be  sent  to  Members  with  notice 
of  Meeting. 

The  Association  is  affiliated  to  the  Conference  of  English 
County  Societies  in  London,  whose  headquarters  are  at  Cannon- 
Street  Hotel,  E.C.4. 

Oak  shields,  with  the  arms  of  the  Association  painted  in  proper 
colours,  may  be  obtained  from  Messrs.  Southwoods,  96,  Regent 
Street,  W.l.     Price,  with  motto,  6s.,  without  motto,  4s.  6d. 

Badges,  with  the  arms  in  enamel  and  gilt,  price  4s.  3d.,  or 
brooches,  price  3s.  3d.,  may  be  obtained  from  Mr.  W.  J.  Carroll, 
33,  Walbrook,  E.C.4.     Gold  brooches,  price  25s. 

A  few  copies  of  the  Devonian  Year  Books  for  1910,  1911, 
1912,  1913,  1914,  1915,  1916,  and  1917  remain  in  stock.  Price 
2s.  6d.,  by  post  2s.  lOd.  Application  should  be  made  to 
Mr.  Francis  A.  Perry,  4,  Kirchen  Road,  West  EaUng,  W.13. 


■94  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 


List   of    Members   and   Associates. 

An  asterisk  (*)  indicates  Life  Member. 
A  double  dagger  {%)  indicates  Associate. 

Abell,  Prof.  T.   B.,  M.I.N.A.   (Exmouth),  Ashleigh,  Greenbank  Drive, 

Liverpool. 
Abell,    Prof.    W.    S.,    M.LN.A.    (Exmouth),    11,    Wedderburn    Road, 

Hampstead,  N.W.  3.     Committee. 
Acland,    Major   Theodore   Dyke,   M.D.    (Columb-John),    19,    Bryanston 

Square,  W.  i.      Vice-President. 
Adams,  A.  A.,  F.C.A.  (Werrington),  Frankfield,  Stanhope  Road.  Homsey 
Lane,  N.  6. 
J  Adams,  Maxwell  (Wolborough),  13,  South  Parade,  Southsea. 
JAdams,  R.  A.,  Chingswell  Street,  I3ideford,  North  Devon. 
^Alexander,  J.  J.,  M.A.,  J. P.,  The  Grammar  School,  Tavistock,  South 

Devon. 
"{Amery,  J.  S.,   Druid,  Ashburton,  Devon. 
Andrews,  Mrs.  E.  (Tiverton),  855,  Fulham  Road,  S.W.  6. 
Andrews,  Mrs.  Lilian  (Plymouth),  3,  Old  Cavendish  Street,  Cavendish 
Square,  W.  i. 
^Anning,  W.,  J. P.,  (Starcross),  Hatherleigh,  Maindee,  Newport,  Hon. 
Anstey,    Rev.    Martin,    B.D.,    M.A.    (Tiverton),    Leswynne,    Sunnyside 
Road,  N.  19. 
JAshton,  S.  H.  (Beafofd),  Blaney,  King  William's  Town,  South  Africa. 
Astor,  Major  the  Hon.   Waldorf,  M.P.   (Plymouth),  Cliveden,  Taplow. 
Vice-President. 

Bailey,  E.  E.  (Lynton),  29,  Elmfield  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  S.W.  17. 
Bailey,  Mrs.   (Lynton),  29,  Elmfield  Road,  Upper  Tooting,  S.W.  17. 
Baily,  James  (Teignmouth),  144,  Harborough  Road,  Streatham,  S.W.  16. 
Baker,   Richard   (Filleigh),  Coventry  Restaurant,   Rupert  Street,  W.  i 
Baker,  Mrs.   (Filleigh),  Coventry  Restaurant,  Rupert  Street.  W.  i. 
Barnes,  Capt.   R.   Stewart   (Yealmpton),  45,   Finsbury  Square,   E.C.  2. 

Hon.  Assistant  Sec. 
Barnes,  Mrs.  (Brixham).  9,  Russell  Road,  Crouch  End,  N.  8. 
Bastin,   T.   W.    (Paignton),    Messrs.    Bastin,    Merryfield,    &   Cracknell, 

Great  Castle  Street,  W.  i. 
Battishill,    Miss    Marion,    (Plymouth),    14,    Holmewood    Road,    South 

Norwood,  S.E.  25. 
*Beare,  J.  H.   (Holbeton),  88,  Sistova  Road,  Balham,  S.W.  12. 
Beare,  Mrs.  (Holbeton),  88,  Sistova  Road,  Balham,  S.W.  12. 
Bell,  Major  A.  Clive  Morrison-,  M.P.  (Honiton),  Harpford  House,  Ottery 

St.  Mary.      Vice-President.     {Prisoner  of  War.) 
Bell,  Lieut.-Col.  E.  F.  Morrison-,  M.P.  (Ashburton),  Pitt  House,  Chud- 

leigh.      Vice-President. 
Belsey,  Herbert  H.  (Barnstaple),  32,  South  Eaton  Place,  S.W.  i. 
Benn,    A.    Shirley,    M.P.    (Plymouth),    18,    Bolton    Gardens,    S.W.  10. 

Vice-President. 
Besley,  Rev.  Canon  W.  P.,  M.A.  (Barnstaple),  Amen  Court,  St.  Paul's, 

E.C.  4.        Vice-President. 
Bidgood,  G.  S.  (Tiverton),  8,  Hornsey  Lane  Gardens,  Highgatc,  N.  6. 


Ltst  of  Members  and  Associates  95 

Bidgood,  Mrs.  (Tiverton),  8,  Hornsey  Lane  Gardens,  Highgate,  N.  6. 
Bidgood,  R.  (Tiverton),  20,  Beaconsfield  Road.  New  Southgate,  N. 
Bird,  Wm.  (Shaldon),  58,  Devonshire  Road,  Harrow. 
Blackmore,  F.,  10,  Lancaster  Gardens,  West  Ealing,  W.  13. 
♦Bourne,  C.  W.  (Ilfracombe),  19,  Fairlawn  Road,  Merton,  S.W.  19. 
Bowen,  Stanley  J.  (Bideford),  10,  St.  Paul's  Avenue,  Cricklewood,  N.W.  2. 
(On  military  service.) 
JBoyce,  Ven.  Archdeacon  (Tiverton),  St.  Paul's  Rectory,  Cleveland  Street, 
Sydney,  N.S.W. 
Bragg,  S.  (Exeter),  8,  Atherstone  Terrace,  Gloucester  Road,  S.W.  7. 
Brice,   E.   F.   (Tiverton),  Medical  School,  Middlesex  Hospital,  W. 
Bridgeman,  G.  E.  (Ugborough),  8,  Lavender  Sweep,  Clapham  Common, 

S.W.  II. 
Bridgeman,  S.  J.  S.  (Ugborough),  8,  Lavender  Sweep,  Clapham  Common, 

S.W.  II. 
Bristol,  Society  of  Devonians  in  : — 

JCoates,  Lieut.-Col.  Herbert,  V.D.  (West  Town),  7,  St.  Stephen's 

Avenue. 
JDavey,  F.  E.  R.  (Exeter),  13,  Cranbrook  Road,  Redland. 
J  Dodge,  Albert  (Teignmouth),  Trafford  House,  Elmgrove  Road. 
J  Garland,    H.    (Barnstaple),    180,    Redland   Road.     Hon.   Secretary. 
JRoberts,  W.   (Tiverton),   107,  Bishop  Road,  Bishopston. 
JSkewes,  J.  C.  (Bere  Alston),  21,  Clare  Street. 
JSouthwood,  W.  J.  (Salcombe),  9,  Royal  Promenade. 
JWidlake,  E.  (Combe  Martin),  Sunny  Mount,  Hanham. 
Brodie,  C.  H.,  F.R.LB.A.  (Exeter),  77,  Park  Lane,  Croydon. 
Bromham,    Addison    J.    (Barnstaple),    Norham    House,    Sheen    Road, 
Richmond,  Surrey. 
♦Brooks,  C.  (Plymouth). 
Broomfield,  T.  (Exeter  Club),  28,  South  Street,  Greenwich,  S.E.  10. 
Brown,  A.  S.   (Sidbury),  61,  Hubert  Grove,  Landor  Road,  Stockwell, 

S.W.  9. 
Brown,  Mrs.  A,  S.  (Sidbury),  61,  Hubert  Grove,  Landor  Road,  Stockwell, 

S.W.  9. 
Brown,  Miss  E.  M.  (descent),  i,  Loraine  Place,  HoUoway  Road,  N.  7. 
^Browning,  Walter,  2,  Dix's  Field,  Exeter. 
Bryant,  H.  W.  (Devonport),  31,  Palace  Road,  Crouch  End,  N. 
Bryant,  Mrs.  E.  M.  (Torquay),  31,  Palace  Road,  Crouch  End,  N. 
Bryant,  Lieut.  S.  W.  (Plymouth),  R.E.  Office,  Falmouth.     (On  military 
service.) 
*Burlace,  J.  B.,  F.R.G.S.,  F.Z.S.  (Brixham),  38,  Crofton  Road,  Eahng, 

W.  5.     Vice-President  ;    Committee. 
♦Bum,  Colonel  C.  R.,  M.P.,  A.D.C.  (Torquay),  48,  Cadogan  Place,  S.W.  i. 
Buse,  A.  G.  (Shebbear),  16,  Stamford  Street,  S.E.  i. 
Byrne,  W.  (Kingsteignton),  The  Elms,  Orange  Hill,  Edgware. 

Calcutta,  Devonian  Society  in,  per  R.  P.  Adams,  Hon.  Sec,  3,  Lee  Road. 
Callaway,  B.   (Exeter),   17,  Kenwyn  Road,  Raynes  Park,  S.W. 
Callaway,  Mrs.   (Exeter),   17,  Kenwyn  Road,  Raynes  Park,  S.W. 
Campbell,  R.  J.  P.  (Exeter),  15,  St.  Margaret's  Road,  Plumstead,  S.E.  18. 
Cann.  C.  E.   (Barnstaple),  Holt  House,  East  End  Road,  Church  End, 

Finchley,  N. 
Cann,  G.  H.  (Northam),  35,  Grosvenor  Avenue,  East  Sheen. 
Cann,  Mrs.  G.  H.  (Xortham),  35,  Grosvenor  Avenue,  East  Sheen. 
Carditi  Devonshire  Society,  per  E.  W.  Benjamin  and  John  Evans,  Hon. 

Sees.,  99,  St.  Mary  Street. 


96  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

Carroll,  C.  (Torquay),  48,  Manor  Road,  Stoke  Newington,  N.  16.     (On 

military  service.) 
I  Carter,  Miss  Ellen  G.,  Hartland,  North  Devon. 

♦Carter,   G.    E.    L.,    B.A.,    I.C.S.    (Exmouth),   Municipal   Commissioner^ 
Hyderabad,  Sind,  India. 
Carter,  Mrs.  Lilian  (Exeter),  86,  St.  James's  Road,  Barnsbury,  N.  7. 
♦Catmur,  Benjamin  (descent),  4,  Wallwood  Road,  Leytonstone,  E.  11. 
Gaunter,  L.  G.  (Exeter),  Eversholt  Lodge,  New  Bamet,  Herts. 
JCawley    R.  (Sidmouth),  17,  Manor  Road,  Folkestone. 
Champion,  Norman  W.  (Shaldon),  8,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill, 

S.VV.  2.     Committee.     {On  military  service.) 
Champion,  W.  (Shaldon),  8,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W.  2. 
JChanter,   Rev.   J.   F.,   M.A.,   F.S.A.   (Barnstaple),  Marlands,   Exmouth, 

Devon. 
JChapman,  J.  (Plymouth),  8,  New  Street,  Boston.     {On  military  service.) 
JChapple,  W.  E.  Pitfield,  The  Shrubbery,  Axminster,  Devon. 
JCharlewood,  W.  T.,   J. P.,  Springfield,  Bideford,  North  Devon. 
Chettleburgh,    Maurice    (Plympton),    20,    Napier   Avenue,    Hurlingham, 

S.W.  6. 
Chettleburgh,   Mrs.    A.    (Plympton),    20,   Napier   Avenue.    Hurlingham, 
S.W.  6. 
JChope,  H.  F.  (Hartland),  12,  Whiteley  Wood  Road,  Ranmoor,  Sheffield. 
JChope,  Mrs.  M.  H.   (Hartland),  41,  View  Terrace,  Aberdeen. 
♦Chope,    R.    Pearse.    B.A.    (Hartland),   Patent  Office,    25,    Southampton 

Buildings,  W.C.  2.    Deputy -Chairman. 
JChope,  S.  R.,  Beverley,  Bideford,  North  Devon. 
{Chope,  W.  H.,  13,  High  Street,  Bideford,  North  Devon. 
Chubb,  Miss  Sarah  J.   (Lifton),  The  Colet  School   House,   108,  Charles 

Street,  Stepney,  E.  i. 
Churchward,  Miss  Doris  (Torquay),  409,  Oxford  Street,  W.  i. 
JChurchward,  E.  T.,  2,  Elgin  Terrace,  Torquay. 
Churchward,  Miss  M.  A.  See  Parkyn,  Mrs.  Horace. 
Churston,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord,  C.V.O.  (Brixham),  Lupton,  Brixham.      Vice 

President. 
Clark,  Major  W.  H.  D.,  O.B.E.  (Plymouth),  Patent  Office,  25,  Southamp 

ton  Buildings,  W.C.  2. 
Clarke,  E.  (Exeter  Club),  14,  Claude  Road,  Upton  Park,  E.  7. 
JClarke,    H.    Leigh   (Torrington),    London    and    South    Western    Bank, 

Wanstead,  Essex. 
Clarke,  John  (Honiton),  45,  Marloes  Road,  Kensington,  W.  8. 
JClarke,  Miss  Kate  M.,  2,  Mont  le  Grand,  Exeter. 

Clifford,  Colonel  E.  T.,  V.D.  (Exeter),  6,  Cranley  Gardens,  South  Kensing- 
ton,  S.W.  7.      Vice-President;    Chairman  of  Association. 
Coad,  R.  Lawson  (Ilfracombe),  27,  Old  Jewry,  E.C.  2. 
Cole,  N.  (Salcombe),  45,  Allerton  Road,  Lordship  Park,  Stoke  Newington, 

N.  16.     Committee. 
Cole,   Mrs.    N.    (Salcombe),   45,   Allerton   Road,   Lordship   Park,   Stoke 
Newington,  N.  16. 
JCole,  S.   J.,  M.R.C.S.   (Hartland),   Highchff,  Hartland  Road,   Bideford. 
JColeridge,  Rev.  Canon  G.  F.,  M.A.,  R.D.  (Cadbury),  Crowthorne  Vicarage, 

Berks. 
*Coles,  John,  J. P.,  4,  Kensington  Park  Gardens,  W.  11, 
Coles,   W.   Crosbie   (Bideford),   3,   Clevedon  Mansions,   Parliament  Hill 

Fields,  N.W.  5. 
Colwill,  C.  (North  Petherwin),  Canberra  House,  18  and  19,  Silk  Street* 
Cripplegate,  E.C.  2. 


Lisi  of  Members  and  Associates  97 

JCompton,  Harold  A.  (Torquay),  Westhill,  ElmswcU,  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 
Connett,  W.  W.  (Exeter),  4,  Abbots  Road,  Exeter. 

Copp,  A.  E.  G.  (Barnstaple),  31,  South  Park  Road,  Wimbledon,  S.W.  19. 
Cornish,  J.  F.  (Tiverton),  42,  Seymour  Street,  Euston  Square,  N.W.  i. 
Cornwall,  Sir  Edwin  A.,  M.P.,  L.C.C.   (Lapford),  3,  Whitehall  Court, 

S.W.  I.       Vice-President. 
•Cory,  Sir  Clifford  J.,  Bart.,  M.P.  (Bideford),  98,  Mount  Street,  W.  i. 

Vice-President. 
JCouch,  E.   (Brixham),   16,  Palace  Avenue,   Paignton,  South  Devon. 
JCouch,  Mrs.  A.  W.  (Brixham),  16,  Palace  Avenue,  Paignton,  South  Devon. 
Couch,  G.  W.  (Exeter),  Vernon  Lodge,  Carshalton,  Surrey. 
Courtney,    Mrs.    (Barnstaple),    The    Library    House,     Minett    Library, 

Knatchbull  Road,  Camberwell,  S.E.  5. 
Cox,  Miss  Florence  (Devonport),  1,  Loraine  Place,  Holloway  Road,  N.  7. 
Coysh,  R.  F.  (Dartmouth),  70,  Troughton  Road,  Charlton,  S.E.  7. 
Coysh,  R.  H.  (Dartmouth),  17,  Delafield  Road,  Charlton,  S.E.  7. 
Craigie,  D.  C.  (Honiton),  38,  Wilton  Place,  S.W.  1. 
Cray,  M.  G.  A.  (Exeter  Club),  6,  St.  John's  Mansions,  Clapton  Square, 

E.5. 
JCruse,  Miss  B.  A.,  22,  Woodville  Road,  Torquay. 
JCumming,    Stephen  A.,    The  Corbyn,  Wheatridge    Lane,    Cockington, 

Torquay. 
♦Cummings,  V.  J.,  c/o  Devonian  Society,  Victoria,  British  Columbia. 
Cutclifie,  Lieut.   J.   (Dawlish),   2,  Batoum  Gardens,  West  Kensington 
Park,  W.  6.     {On  military  service.) 

Davey,    Franklin    (Devonport),    Homestead,   Onslow  Road,    Richmond 

Hill,  Surrey. 
Davey,  G.  W.  (Sampford  Spiney),  16,  John  Street,  Bedford  Row,  W.C.  i. 
Committee. 
J  Davis,  W.  J.  (Brixham),  16,  Hercules  Street,  Mile  End,  Portsmouth. 
♦Distin,  Alban  L.  G.  (Paignton),  11,  Melrose  Terrace,  W.  6. 
♦Distin,  Howard,  M.B.  (Paignton),  Holtwhite  House,  Enfield. 
JDobson,  T.  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  Cathcart  Street,  King  William's  Town, 
South  Africa. 
Dodridge,  A.  E.  (Devonport),  Moulin,  Cromwell  Road,  Beckenham,  S.E. 
Dodridge,  Mrs.  (Devonport),  Moulin,  Cromwell  Road,  Beckenham,  S.E. 
JDoe,  George  M.,  Enfield,  Torrington,  North  Devon. 
J  Doe,  Lieut.  G.  W.  A.,  M.C.,  Enfield,  Torrington,  North  Devon. 
Donald,  J.,  (Devonport),  Westleigh,  Whytecliffe  Road,  Purley,  Surrey. 

Committee. 
Drake,  J.  (Yealmpton),  5,  Grange  Road,  Willesden  Green,  N.W.  10. 
JDrake,  Major  W.  Hedley,  Bryn  Willow,  Polsham  Park,  Paignton,  South 
Devon. 
Duke,  Rt.   Hon.   H.   E.,   K.C.,  M.P.    (Plymouth),   i.  Paper  Buildings, 

The  Temple,  E.C.  4.      Vice-President. 
Dunn,  A.  E.  (Exeter),  70,  Victoria  Street,  S.W.  i.     Vice-President. 
Dunn,  F.  W.  (South  Molton),  8,  Westmount  Road,  Eltham,  S.E.  7. 
JDunn,   J.   H.   (Bideford),  Avoca,  Crofts  Lea  Park,  Ilfracombe,  North 
Devon. 

Earl,  T.  S.  (Devonport),  30,  Marlow  Road,  East  Ham,  E. 

Eastmond,  J.   E.   Rawle  (Tiverton),    44,  Charing    Cross,  S.W.  i.     {On 

military  service.) 
Easton,  H.  T.  (Exeter),  Union  of  London  and  Smiths  Bank,  i,  Lombard 

Street,  E.C.  3.     Vice-President. 

7 


98  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

*Ebden,  W.  R.  Hern,  43,  Caledon  Road,  East  Ham,  E.  6. 

JEUiot,  E.  A.  S.,  Slade,  Kingsbridge,  South  Devon. 

J  Elliott,  R.  C,  Havenhurst,  Brixham,  South  Devon. 

^Elliott,  Mrs.  R.  C,  Havenhurst,  Brixham,  South  Devon. 

■^Ellis,  Mrs.  S.  T.  (Devonport),  11,  Maiden  Lane,  Stamford,  Lines. 

Elston,   F.   W.   H.   (Exmouth).     {On  military  service.) 

Endicott,   Miss   Hetty   ( Axininster) ,    102,   Winstanley   Road,   Clapham 
Common,  S.W.  11. 

Eustace,  A.  J.  (Torquay),  26,  Langdale  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

Eustace,  Mrs.  (Torquay),  26,  Langdale  Road,  Thornton  Heath. 

Evans,  G.  F.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  18,  Wood  Street,  E.G.  2. 

Evans,  Miss  Gladys  F.  (Ottery  St.  Mary)   47,  The  Chase,  Clapham,  S.W.  4. 
*Eveleigh,  Miss  Helen  (Exeter),  45,  Cambridge  Terrace,  Hyde  Park,  W.  2. 

Everett,  W.  J.  (Plymouth),  28,  Wray  Crescent,  Tollington  Park,  N.  4. 

Everett,  Mrs.   (Plymouth),  28,  Wray  Crescent,  Tollington  Park,  N.  4. 

Farrant,  H.  G.,  J. P.  (Hemlock),  3,  Paper  Buildings,  The  Temple,  E.G.  4. 

Fitzgerald,  Miss  M.  (Sidmouth),  68,  Basinghall  Street,  E.G.  2. 

Foale,   P.   (Blackawton),   29,  Aldridge  Road  Villas,   Westbourne  Park, 

W.  II. 
Folkestone,  Association  of  West  Countrymen  in,  per  W.  E.  Gross,  Hon. 

Sec,  91,  Sandgate  Road.     (8  copies.) 
Forbes,  Mrs.  J.  (Torquay),  i,  Delafield  Road,  Old  Charlton,  E. 
Ford,  Clift  (Plymouth),  17,  High  Street,  Harlesden,  N.W.  10. 
Ford,  James  (Plymouth),  49,  Nicol  Road,  Harlesden,  N.W.  10. 
*Fortescue,  Rt.  Hon.  Earl,  K.C.B.,  A.D.C.,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Devon, 

Castle  Hill,  South  Molton,  North  Devon.     First  President. 
^Fox,  Bartholomew  (Sidmouth),  Carberry  Tower,  Musselburgh,  Scotland. 
Freeman,   Mrs.  A.    J.  (Axminster),  Rutland  House,  Portsmouth  Road, 
Kingston-on-Thames. 
JFulford,  J.  U.,  Southcott,  Bideford,  North  Devon. 
Fulford,  J.  W.  (Northam),  34,  Strathearn  Road,  Wimbledon  Park,  S.W. 
Fulford,  Mrs.  (Northam),  34,  Strathearn  Road,  Wimbledon  Park,  S.W. 

JGallsworthy,  Frank,  Camperdown,  Ventnor,  Isle  of  Wight. 
*Galsworthy,  John,  Wingstone,  Manaton,  Devon.      Vice-President. 

Gamble,   Rev.   Canon   H.   R.,  M.A.    (Barnstaple),   St.   John's  Rectory, 
Westminster,  S.W.  1.      Vice-President. 

Geen,    Harry    (Okehampton),    la,   Middle   Temple   Lane,   The   Temple, 
E.C.  4.     Committee. 

Gibson,  Thomas  (Appledore),  6,  Moore  Park  Road,  Fulham,  S.W.  6. 

Giles,  Mrs.  (Torquay),  Mead  Lodge,  Calton  Road,  Dulwich,  S.E. 

Gill,  Allen,  F.R.A.M.  (Devonport),  5,  Lincoln  House,  Dartmouth  Park 
Hill,  N.W.  5.      Vice-President. 

Gillham,    H.   (Burlescombe),   222,  Central  Poultry  Market,   Smithfield, 
E.C.  I. 

Gillham,  Mrs.,   129,  Dartmouth  Road,  Cricklewood,  N.W.  2. 

Glanvill,  H.  Wreford-  (Exeter),  35,  Strawberry  Hill  Road,  Twickenham. 
•    Glanville,  J.  Pascoe  (Plymouth),  57,  Heme  Hill,  S.E.  24. 

Gloyne,  Martin  (Tavistock),  i,  St.  Paul's  Avenue,  Cricklewood,  N.W.  2. 
^Goaman,  W.  T.,  Anchorage,  Bideford,  North  Devon. 

Godfrey,  S.  H.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  i,  Hadley  Gardens,  Chiswick,  W.  4. 

Godfrey,  Mrs.  F.  A.  (descent),  i,  Hadley  Gardens,  Chiswick,  W.  4. 

Gooding,  C.  E.  (Exmouth),  136,  Hanover  Road,  Willesden,  N.W.  10. 

Goodman,  W.  H.   (Devonvort),   160,  Ardgowan  Road,  Catford,  S.E.  6. 

Grainger,  H.  (Torquay),  266,  Walworth  Road,  S.E.  17. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  99 

Grant,  Miss  B.  M.  (Torrington),  5,  Argyll  Street,  Oxford  Street,  W.  i. 
Grant,  Mrs.  (Stoke  Fleming),  2,  St.  Mary's  Road,  North  Kensington, 

W.  II. 
Greenhouse,  Mrs.  F.  (descent),  9,  Lynmouth  Road,  Stamford  Hill,  N.  16. 
Grigg,  R.,  A.I.E.E.  (Exmouth),  14,  Sundorne  Road,  Old  Charlton,  S.E.  7. 
Grills,  W.  E.  (Holsworthy),  80,  Wilton  Road,  Muswell  Hill,  N. 
(iuUiford,  W.  (Exeter),  28,  Danby  Street,  Peckham,  S.E. 
^Gumey,  Rev.  Walter  B.  (Bratton  Clovelly),  Poughill  Rectory,  Crediton, 

North  Devon, 

Hall,  A.  B.  (Sidmouth),  Red  Roofs,  Stades  Hill,  Enfield,  N. 
Halsbury,  Rt.  Hon.  The  Earl  of,  P.C.  (Parkham),  4,  Ennismore  Gardens, 

S.W.  7.     President. 
Hambly,  Thomas  (Newton  Abbot),  65,  Napier  Road,  West  Ham,  E.  15. 
Hambly,  Mrs.  M.  E.  (Newton  Abbot),  65,  Napier  Road,  West  Ham,  E.  15. 
Hammick,    Miss    Daisy    (Stoke    Gabriel),    47,    Trinity    Road,    South 

Wimbledon,  S.W.  19. 
Hancock,  H.   H.   M.   (Barnstaple),  56,  Devereaux  Road,  Wandsworth 

Common,  S.W.  11.     Committee. 
Hancock,  Mrs.  (Barnstaple),  56,  Devereaux  Road,  Wandsworth  Common, 

S.W.  II. 
Handford,    W.    (Barnstaple),     Barum,     The     Drive,     Wembley    Park, 

Middlesex. 
Hannaford,  Charles,  47,  Sandringham  Buildings,  W.C. 
Hannaford,  Robert,  59,  King  Street,  Camden  Town,  N.W.  i. 
^Harris,  Miss  Bertha  A.,  Bodley  Cottage,  Parracombe,  R.S.O.,  N.  Devon. 
Harris,  Mrs.   Blanche   (Plymouth),  96,  Croxted  Road,  West  Dulwich, 

S.E.  21. 
Harris,   Gilbert    [Plymouth),   6,    Kelmscott    Road,    Battersea,    S.W.  11. 

Hon.  Auditor. 
Harris,  Mrs.  Gilbert  (Plymouth),  6,  Kelmscott  Road,  Battersea,  S.W.  11. 
Harvey,  Miss  B.   (Bridford),  855,  Fulham  Road,  S.W.  6. 
*  Harvey,  H.  Fairfax,  Elidor,  Rodwell,  Weymouth. 
Haslop,  Mrs.  (Bideford),  5,  Wyndham  Street,  Bryanston  Square,  W:  i. 
Hatch,  J.  C.  (Stonehouse),  87,  South  Lambeth  Road,  S.W.  8. 
Hawken,  William  (Bideford),  39,  Somerton  Road,  Cricklewood,  N.W.  2. 
Haycraft,   H.  C.   (Totnes),  Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  Buildings. 
W.C.  2. 
♦Hayman,  E.,  82,  Doyle  Gardens,  Harlesden,  N.W.  10. 
Haynes,  John  T.,  J. P.  (Hartland),  22,  Knollys  Road,  Streatham,  S.W.  16. 
Heard,  Dr.  J.  (Bideford),  25,  Woodwarde  Road,  East  DuJwich,  S.E.  22. 
J  Heard,  W.  E.,  J.P.  (Northam),  Winchester  House,  Newport,  Mon. 
Hearson,  C.  E.  (Barnstaple),  5,  Templar  Street,  Myatt's  Park,  S.E. 
Hearson,   Prof.   T.   A.,  M.Inst.C.E.    (Barnstaple),    14-15,   Southampton 

Buildings,  W.C.  2. 
Hearson,  Mrs.   (Horrabridge),  81,  Ridgmount  Gardens,  Gower  Street, 

W.C.  I. 
Hearson,  W.  E.  (Barnstaple),  Meadowbank,  Kippington,  Sevenoaks. 
Heddon.  W.  F.  (Topsham),  23,  Coolhurst  Road,  Crouch  End,  N.  8. 
JHenning,  Rev.  J.,  Cockington  Vicarage,  Torquay. 
*Henson,  S.  (Tiverton),  P.O.  Box  1248,  Victoria,  British  Columbia. 
J  Hern,  S.,  Glanwem,  Christchurch,  Newport,  Mon. 
Hesse,  Mrs.  N.  (Tiverton),  103,  Guiliord  Street,  W.C.  i. 
Heywood,  P.  M.  (Bideford),  44,  Roseiithal  Road,  Catford,  S.E.  6. 
Heywood,  G.  H.   (Bideford),  336,  Holloway  Road,  N.  7.     Committee. 
Heywood,  Mrs.  Isabel  (Bideford),  336,  Holloway  Road,  N.  7. 


too  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 8 

Hill,  J.  Arnold,  C.A.  (Holcombe  Rogus),  19a,  Coleman  Street,  E.C.  2. 
Hon.  Auditor. 

Hockaday,  Frank  (Bideford),  52,  Dalmeny  Road,  Tufnell  Park,  N.  7. 

Hockaday,  Fred.  (Dawlish)  82,  Geraldine  Road,  Wandsworth,  S.W.  18. 
|Hodder,  P.  C.  (Aveton  Gifford),  53,  Festing  Grove,  Southsea. 
♦Hodge,  F.  (Heavi tree).  The  Homestead,  Bishop's  Avenue,  East  Finchley,N. 
JHolman,  J.  Bertram  (Bideford),  10,  High  Street,  Tunbridge  Wells. 
JHolmes,  A.  H.,  Bodley  Cottage,  Parracombe  R.S.O.,  North  Devon. 
JHooke,  Rev.  D.  Burford,  D.D.  (Crediton),  20,  Cavendish  Road,  Henleaze, 

Bristol. 
♦Hooper,  A.  Shelton,  J. P.,  Hong-Kong. 

Hooper,  Joseph  (Bridestowe),  195,  Widmore  Road,  Bromley,  Kent. 

Hooper,  Mrs.  Joseph  (Bridestowe),  195,  Widmore  Road,  Bromley,  Kent. 

Hooper,    Mrs.   W.   H.  (Plymouth),    185,  Wakehurst    Road,    Battersea, 
S.W.  II. 

Hooper,  W.  (Christow),  376,  Mare  Street,  Hackney,  E.  8. 

Hooper,  Mrs.  Ada  G.  (descent),  376,  Mare  Street,  Hackney,  E.  8. 
♦Hooppell,  Rev.  J.  L.  E.  (Aveton  Gifford),  St.  Peter's  Vicarage,  Hoxton 

Square,  N.  i. 
J  Hopper,  A.  E.,  Queen  Anne's  Chambers,  Barnstaple. 

Hopkins,  Mr.,  61,  Great  Ormond  Street,  W.C.  i. 

Hopkins,  Mrs.,  61,  Great  Ormond  Street,  W.C.  i. 

Horton,  A.  J.  (Morleigh),  35,  Cranston  Road,  Forest  Hill,  S.E. 
♦Howland,  Harman  J.  (Plymouth). 

♦Hughes,  T.  Cann,  M.A.,  F.S.A.  (Hittisleigh),  78,  Church  Street,  Lancaster. 
Vice-President. 

Hunt,  S.  (Torquay),  16,  Broadway,  Ealing,  W.  5. 

Hunt,  W.  G.  (Torquay),  14,  Fairmount  Road,  Brixton,  S.W.  2. 

Hutchings,  C.  F.  H.  (Exeter),  10,  Old  Devonshire  Road,  Balham,  S.W.  12. 

Hutchings,  Miss  Louie  (Torquay),  205,  Shirland  Road,  W.  9. 
JHuxham,  W.   H.,  Springfield  Terrace,  Bideford,  North  Devon. 

Inman,    W.    (Stoke    Gabriel),     Sherbourne,     Longley    Road,    Tooting, 

S.W.  17.     Committee. 
Inman,  Mrs.  W.   (Stoke  Gabriel),  Sherbourne,  Longley  Road,  Tooting, 

S.W.  17. 
Inman,   Miss   Melina    (Stoke    Gabriel),     Sherbourne,     Longley    Road, 

Tooting,  S.W.  17. 

Jackson,  Sir  John,  M.P.   (Plymouth),  Pounds,  near  Plymouth.     Vice- 
President. 
♦James,  Richard  (Broadclyst),  17,  Bread  Street,  Cheapside,  E.C.  4. 
♦Jarvis,  Mrs.  (Devonport),  4,  Airedale  Avenue,  Chiswick,  W.  4. 
JJeffery,  Frank  C.  (Exeter),  Rockdale,  West  Park  Drive,  Westcliff-on-Sea. 
J  Jeffery,  Mrs.  M.  L.  (Exeter),  Rockdale,  West  Park  Drive,  Westcliff-on-Sea. 
Tones,  Miss  M.   E.    (King's  Tamerton),  51,  Shawfield  Street,  Chelsea, 

S.W.  3. 
Jordan,  Miss  M.  U.  (Exeter),  5,  Kensington  Gardens  Square,  Bayswater, 
W.  2. 
♦Josland,  F.  (Chawleigh),   Claremont,   St.   John's  Road,   Sidcup,   Kent. 

Kekewich,  C.  Granville  (Exminster),  2,  Suffolk  Lane,  Cannon  Street, 
E.C.  4. 
•Kekewich,  Sir  G.  W.,  K.C.B.,  D.C.L.  (Peamore),  St.  Albans,  Feltham, 
Middlesex.     Vice-President. 
Kelly,  A.  (Belstone),  66,  Brayburne  Avenue,  Clapham,  S.W. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  loi 

Kelly,  Mrs.  E.  (Northlew),  66,  Brayburne  Avenue,  Clapham,  S.W. 
Kent,  Mrs.  (Barnstaple),  i6,  Oxford  Road,  Chiswick,  W.  4. 
Kerr,  Mrs.  K.  (Exeter),  28a,  Louisville  Road,  Balham,  S.W.  17. 
Kinsey,  F.  M.  (West  Buckland  School),  16,  Harrow  View,  Wealdstone. 

Lambert,    Rt.    Hon.    George,    M.P.    (Spreyton),    34,    Grosvenor   Road, 
S.W.  I.     Vice-President. 
J  Lancaster,  W.  J.,  J.  P.,  Santa  Margherita,  Torquay. 
Lane,  John  (West  Putford),    The    Bodley    Head,  Vigo    Street,    W.  i. 

Vice-President. 
Lang,  H.  W.  (Stonehouse),  7,  Bayer  Street,  Golden  Lane,  E.C.  i. 
♦Lang,  W.  H.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  19,  Coleraine  Road,  Westcombe  Park, 

S.E.  3. 
♦Larkworthy,  J.  W.  (Meeth),  Bucklands,  Nether  Street,  North  Finchley.N. 

Committee. 
•Larkworthy,    Mrs.  J.  W.   (Meeth),    Bucklands,    Nether   Street,    North 
Finchley,  N. 
Lascelles,  W.  H.  (Exeter),  28,  Barclay  Road,  Croydon. 
Lavers,  W.   (Yealmpton),  3,  Paddenswick  Road,  Hammersmith,  W.  6. 
Lawday,   Miss    Kate   (Kingsnympton),   45,   Cambridge    Terrace,   Hyde 

Park,  W.  2. 
Lawrence,  R.  L.  (Cullompton),  i  and  2,  Russia  Row,  Milk  Street,  E.C.  2. 
Lawrence,  R.  Reginald  (Cullompton),  i  and  2,  Russia  Row,  Milk  Street, 

E.C.  2. 
JLaycock,  C.  H.,  Cross  Street,  Moretonhampstead,  Devon. 
Leat,  J.,  B.A.,  Stoke  Road,  Slough. 
JLee,  F.,  Abbotsville,  Bideford,  North  Devon. 
Leicester  and   South  Midlands  Devon   and  Cornwall  Association,  per 

F.  W.  Honey  and  J.  Titley,  jun.,  Hon.  Sees. 
Lethbridge,  C.  J.  (Tedburn  St.  Mary),  24,  Great  St.  Helens,  E.C.  3. 
Lethbridge,  Sir  Roper,   K.C.LE.,  Exbourne  Manor,  Exbourne  R.S.O., 
North  Devon.       Vice-President. 
JLidiard,    Lieut.    R.    E.,    R.N.S.M.    (Stonehouse),    50,    Campbell   Road, 
Southsea. 
Liverpool  and  District,  Society  of  Devonians  in,  per  Fred.  J.  Andain, 
Hon.  Sec,  22,  Cromer  Drive,  Wallasey.     (8  copies.) 
J  Jones,  John  (Plymouth),  301,  Edge  Lane,  Liverpool. 
JSmith,  F.  G.  (Topsham),  14,  Elliot  Street,  Liverpool. 
JSmith,  H.  (Dartmouth),  20,  Judge's  Drive,  Liverpool. 
JVivyan,   E.    J.    (Devonport),    i,  Stuart  Road,   Higher  Tranmere, 

Birkenhead. 
JWatkins,  J.  R.  (Plymouth),  5,  Harrington  Street,  Liverpool. 
Lopes,    Sir    H.    Y.-B.,    Bart.    (Maristow),    Roborough,    Devon.       Vice- 
President. 
Lovell,  H.  F.  (Chulmleigh),  49,  Agamemnon  Road,  West  Hampstead, 

N.W.  6. 
Lovell,  J.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  161,  Eardley  Road,  Streatham,  S.W.  16. 
Luxton,  J.  (Coleridge),  184,  Essex  Road,  N.  i. 
♦Lyons,  Frank  I.  (Stonehouse),  15,  Old  Cavendish  Street,  W.  i. 

McCormack,  Lieut.  W.  J.,  J.P.    (Plymouth),   Dunkeld,   Slough,   Bucks. 

Committee. 
Manitoba,  Devon,  Cornwall  and  Somerset  Society  of,  per  S.  G.  Ware, 

Hon.  Sec,  509,  Agnes  Street,  Winnipeg.     (8  copies.) 
♦Manning,  H.  R.  (Brixton),  274,  Poctobello  Road,  W.  11. 
Manning,  Mrs.  (Newton  Abbot),  57,  Napier  Road,  West  Ham. 


102  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191 8 

Manning,  Miss  C.  A.  (Holsworthy),  2,  Langler  Road,  Willesden,  N.W. 
Manning,   Miss   R.    (Holsworthy),   2,   Langler  Road,   Willesden,   N.W. 
•Markham,    Lady    (Arlington),    21,    Eccleston    Square,    S.W.  i.     Vice- 
President. 
JMartin,  Major  Arthur  J.,  R.A.M.C.  (Hatherleigh),  6,  Denbigh  Gardens, 

Richmond,  Surrey. 
♦Marzetti,  Leslie,  120,  Great  Portland  Street,  W.  i. 
Matthews,  H.   B.   (Devonport),   104,  Stanford  Avenue,  Brighton. 
*Metherell,  R.   (Hartland),  Elmscott,  Winchmore  Hill,  N. 
Middleton,  J.  H.,  ro,  Beverley  Gardens,  Barnes  Common,  S.W.  13. 
Mildmay,  Colonel  F.  B.,  M.P.,  Flete,  Ivybridge,  Devon.      Vice-President. 
Millar,  Mrs.  A.  J.  (Burrington),  5,  Denbigh  Road,  Bayswater,  W. 
Milton,  John  (Ide),  72,  Grove  Park,  Denmark  Hill,  S.E.  5.  ■ 
Montreal,  Devonian  Society  of,  per  C.  W.  Parkin,  Hon.  Sec,  5,  Mansfield 

Street.     (8  copies.) 
Morey,  Mrs.  L.  (Plymouth),  i,  Ambleside  Gardens,  Ambleside  Avenue, 
Streatham,  S.W.  16. 
♦Morris,  R.  Burnet,  M.A.,  LL.B.  (South  Molten),  24,  Bramham  Gardens, 
S.W.  5- 
Morrison -Bell,  See  Bell. 
♦Mortimer,   Harold   P.,   J. P.    (South  Molton),  Crofton   Lodge,   Kingsley, 
Cheshire. 
Moss,  Miss  Edith  M.  (Plymouth),  i,  Adela  Avenue,  New  Maiden,  Surrey. 
Mountjoy,   W.   F.    (Bideford),    29,    Josephine    Avenue,    Brixton    Hill, 
S.W.  2. 
♦Moyse,  'Prof.    C.    E.,    LL.D.    (Torquay),   McGill   University,   Montreal, 

Canada. 
Mutten,  A.  W.  (Devonport),    Hillside,    Mount    Pleasant    Lane,    Upper 

Clapton,  E.  5. 
Mutten,  Mrs.   A.   W.    (Devonport),    Hillside,    Mount    Pleasant    Lane, 
Upper  Clapton,  E.  5. 

JNation,  Howard  (Plymouth),  Valparaiso,  Chili,  South  America. 
JNation,  Mrs.  Howard  (Plymouth),  Valparaiso,  Chili,  South  America. 
JNation,  Lewis  William  (Plymouth),  Regent  House,  Simla,  India. 
JNation,  Norman  (Plymouth),   120,  Cotham  Brow,  Cotham,  Bristol. 
JNation,    William    (Plymouth),    c/o   North   China   Insurance   Co.,    Ltd., 

7,   Kiukiang  Road,  Shanghai,  China. 
Nation,   William   (Torrington) ,  60,  Cleveland   Road,   South  Woodford, 

E.  18. 
Newman,  W.  J.  (Brixham),  38,  St.  Anne's  Road,  Harrow-on-the-Hill. 
Newman,  Mrs.  (Brixham),- 25,  Stephenson  Street,  Willesden  Junction, 

N.W. 
Noakes,  F.  W.  (Totnes),  48,  Broadwater  Road,  Tottenham,  N. 
JNorthcote,  J.  C.  (Torquay),  5,  Alexandra  Road,  Kingston  Hill,  Surrey. 
JNorth  Devon  Athenaeum,  Barnstaple. 

Oakley,  R.  O.  (Beer),  Patent  Office,  25,  Southampton  Buildings,  W.C;  2. 

(On  military  service.)  ' 

Olliff,  Mrs.  Amy  (Bideford),  21,  Chartfield  Avenue,  Putney  Hill,  S.W.  15. 

Osborne,  H.  Camille  (Brendon),'  4,  Cambridge  Gardens,  Seven  Kings, 

Essex. 
Ottawa,  Devonian  Society  of,  per  A.  J.  Mudge,  505^  Cooper  Street.: 
JOwen,  W.  A.  (Shaldon),  King  William's  Town,  South  Africa. 
Owen,  W.  D.  (Axmouth),  The  Poplars,  Somerset  Road,  Brentford. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  103 

JPalmer,  F.  W.  Morton,  M.A.,  M.D.,  13,  Orchard  Gardens,  Teignmouth, 

South  Devon. 
Parkyn,  Horace  (Okehampton),  409,  Oxford  Street,  W.  i. 
Parkyn,  Mrs.  Horace  (Okehampton),  409,  Oxford  Street,  W.  i. 
Parr,  G.  H.,  319,  Trinity  Road,  Wandsworth,  S.W.  18. 
Parr,  Mrs.,  319,  Trinity  Road,  Wandsworth,  S.W.  18. 
*Parr,   R.    J.,   O.B.E.    (Torquay),   40,   Leicester  Square,   W.C.  2.     Vice- 

President. 
*Parr,  Mrs.  (Torquay),  40,  Leicester  Square,  W.C.  2. 
Passmore,  Miss  EHiott  (Torrington),  13,  Heme  Hill  Road,  Heme  Hill, 

S.E.  24. 
Passmore,  W.  (Tiverton),  loi,  Elspeth  Road,  Clapham  Common,  S.W.  11. 
Paterson,   Miss   Edith    (Honiton),    16,    Kingsgate  Mansions,   Red   Lion 

Square,  W.C.  i. 
Paul,  J.  I.  (Braunton),  Signal  School,  Crystal  Palace,  Sydenham,  S.E.  19. 
Pawley,  Mrs.   (Plymouth),  98,  Ramsden  Road,  Balham,  S  W.  12. 
JPearce,  Lieut.  J.  Cyprian  (Kingsbridge),  Indian  Army. 
JPedler,  Mrs.  Carter-,  Reeve  Castle,  Bow,  North  Devon. 
Peek,  Rev.  Richard,  M.A.  (Drewsteignton),  De  Lucie,  Sutton,  Surrey. 

Vice-President. 
Peek,  R.  W.  (Torquay),  7,  Freshford  Street,  Earlsfield,  S.W. 
Peek,  Sir  Wilfrid,  Bart.,  Rousdon,  Devon.     Vice-President. 
Peerman,  Alfred  P.  (Torquay),  21,  Bourne  Road,  Crouch  End,  N. 
JPengelley,  T.  Ernest  (Exeter),  The  White  House,  Fakenham,  Norfolk. 
Penny,  A.  J.  (Ottery  St.  Mary),  118,  Cromwell  Road,  Wimbledon,  S.W.  19. 
Perry,  F.  A.  (Tiverton),  4,  Kirchen  Road,  West  Ealing,  W.  13.     Com- 
mittee. 
Peter,  Charles  (Bradninch),  31,  Sydney  Grove,  Hendon,  N.W.  4. 
Phillpotts,  Eden  (Exeter),  Eltham,  Torquay.     Vice-President. 
Philp,  C.  R.  S.  (Plymouth),  Livesey  Library,  682,  Old  Kent  Road,  S.E.  15. 
Philp,  D.  B.  (Devonport),  44,  Homefield  Road,  Chiswick,  W.  4. 
Pickard,  H.  (Beaford),  50,  Wallbutton  Road,  Brockley,  S.E.  4. 
Pickardj  Mrs.  R.  (Beaford),  50,  Wallbutton  Road,  Brockley,  S.E.  4. 
Pickard,  Miss  May,  B.A.   (Beaford),  50,  Wallbutton    Road,    Brockley, 

S.E.  4. 
Pickard,  Miss  Rose  (Beaford),  50,  Wallbutton  Road,  Brockley,  S.E.  4. 
Pike,  W.  A.   (Exeter),  37,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W.  2. 
Pike,  Mrs.  (Exeter),  37,  Holmewood  Gardens,  Brixton  Hill,  S.W.  2. 
*Pilditch,  Sir  PhiHp  E.,  J. P.,  L.C.C.  (Plymouth),  6,  7,  8,  Old  Bond  Street, 

W.  I.      Vice-President. 
♦Pillmann,    J.    C,    J. P.    (Plymouth),   The   Cottage,    Foots   Cray,    Kent. 

Vice-President, 
Pinkham,  Colonel  Charles,  M.B.E.,  J. P.,  Alderman   of  Middlesex   C.C. 

(Plympton),    Linden     Lodge,    Winchester     Avenue,    Brondesbury. 

N.W.  6.        Vice-President  ;    Chairman  of  Committee. 
Pinn,  F.  G.  (Sidmouth),  764,  Fulham  Road,  S.W.  6. 
Pinn,  Mrs.  (Plympton),  764,  Fulham  Road,  S.W.  6. 
Pope,  Alderman  Walter  (Sidmouth),  Baring  Lodge,  High  Road,  Lee, 

S.E.  13. 
Portsmouth  Devonian  Society,  per  W.  G.  Collins,  35,  Lyndhurst  Road, 

North  Elnd. 
Potbury,  T.  R.,  M.A.  (Sidmouth),  53,  Piatt's  Lane,  Hampstead,  N.W.  3. 
Powe,  G.  W.  (Cadbury),  44,  Creswick  Road,  Acton,  W. 
Powe,  H.  D.   (Plymouth),  7b,  Peterborough  Villas,  Fulham,  S.W.  6. 
•Puddicombe,  R.  W.,  C.C.  (Bideford),  Regent  House,  High  Road,  Leyton- 

stone,  E.  II, 


104  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  191S 


Pudifin.   Miss   K.    (Plympton),  6,  Cannhall   Road,  Leytonstone,  E.  11. 
Pullman,  James,  8,  Eastern  Road,  Wood  Green,  N. 

♦Quick,  Francis,  78,  Gillespie  Road,  Highbury,  N.  5. 
Quick.  N.   (Tavistock),  c/o  J.   Quick,   The  Library,   Tavistock,    South 
Devon. 

•Radford,   Lady,   F.R.Hist.S.    (Lydford),   Chiswick   House,   Ditton   Hill, 

Surbiton.  Surrey. 
Randolph,   Lieut.  H.  B.    (Plymouth),    Redlands,    Farnborough    Road, 

South  Farnborough,  Hants. 
Reading  and  District  Devon  and  Cornish  Association,  per  ¥.  H.  Yellen, 

Hon.  Sec,  47,  Market  Place. 
Reed,  W.  J.  C.  (Morchard  Bishop),  81,  Tavistock  Crescent,  Westboume 

Park,  W. 
Reed,  Mrs.  (Morchard  Bishop),  81,  Tavistock  Crescent.  Westbourne  Park, 

W. 
JReichel,  Rev.  Oswald  J.,  M.A.,  B.D.,  F.S.A.,  A  la  Ronde,  Lympstone 

R.S.O.,  Devon. 
Rhodesia,  Devonian  Society  of,  per  C.  F.  Osmond,  Hon.  Sec,  P.O.  Box 

165,   Bulawayo. 
Richards,  James  (Lynton),  46,  Ivanhoe  Road,  Denmark  Park,  S.E.  5. 
Richards,  Mrs.   (Bideford),   137,  Marylebone  Road,  N.W.  i. 
Roberts,   Rev.   R.   O.    (Barnstaple),  The   Rectory,   East  Downe,  Barn- 
staple. 
Robertson,  Right  Rev.  Archibald,  D.D.,  late  Bishop  of  Exeter,  Oxford. 

Vice-President. 
Rogers,  Herbert  (descent),  221,  Willesden  Lane,  N.W.  6. 
♦Rogers,  W.  H.,  J.P  (Bideford),  Orleigh  Court,  Bideford. 
Rowe,  W.  (Plympton),  Tithe  Farm,  South  Harrow,  Middlesex. 
Rule,  J.,  42,  Russell  Square,  W.C.  i. 

Rule,  Mrs.  A.  (Babbacombe),  42,  Ru.ssell  Square,  W.C.  i. 
Ryall,   J.   (Totnes),  94,  Jerningham  Road,  New  Cross,  S.E.  14.     Com- 
mittee. 

St.  Cyres,  Rt.  Hon.  \''iscount  (Pynes),  84,  Eaton  Square,  S.W   i.      Vice- 
President. 
♦Sanders,  C.   Buckley   (Exeter),   Bearsden,  Caterham,  Surrey. 
Sanguine,   A.    H.    (Bideford),    148,    Fleet   Road,    Hampstead,   N.W.    3. 

{On  military  service.) 
Sanguine,  F.  J.  (Bideford),  148,  Fleet  Road,  Hampstead,  N.W.  3.     {On 
military  service.) 
JScott,  T.  .C.,  Balfour,  British  Columbia.     {Prisoner  of  war.) 

Searle,  J.  Edgell,  28,  Larkfield  Road,  Richmond,  Surrey. 
♦Seaton,    Rt.    Hon.    Lord    (Plympton),    Beechwood,    Plympton.      Vice- 
President. 
Selley,   H.    R.    (Topsham),    13,  Wandle   Road,   Wandsworth  Common, 

S.W.   IQ. 

Sharland,  A.  (Barnstaple),  25,  Charleville  Circus,  West  Hill,  Sydenham 

S.E.  26. 
Sharland,    A.    W.     (Exeter),     Edgecumbe,     Ashburton     Road,     East 

Croydon. 
Shaw,  E.  Harved,  22,  St.  Paul's  Churchyard,  E.C.  4.     {Prisoner  of  war.) 
Shawyer,   J.   W.    (Filleigh),   Norwich   House,    13,   Southampton   Street, 

Holborn,  W.C.  i. 
Sheer,  J.  (North  Petherwin),  13.  King's  College  Road,  N.W.  3. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  105 


Shelley,  F,  H.  (Swimbridge),  52,  Solway  Road,  Wood  Green,  N.     {On 

mititarv  service.) 
tShort,  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  78,  London  Road,  Reading. 
Simmons,    Sydney,    J. P.    (Okehampton),    "  Okehampton,"    Torrington 

Park,    North   Finchley,   N.  12.      Vice-President. 
JSimpson,  F.  C,  Maypool.  Churston  Ferrers  R.S.O.,  Devon. 
Skinner,  Major  G.  E.  (Parracombe),  56,  Ley  Spring  Road,  Leytonstone, 

E.  II.     (On  military  service.) 
Skinner,  S.  M.  (Thorverton),  c/o  Messrs.  John  Barker  &  Co.,  High  Street, 

Kensington,  W.  8.     Vice-President. 
JSmall,  A.  (Barnstaple),  Taw  View,  Post  Hill,  Appledore,  North  Devon. 
Smart,   W.   H.    (Plymouth),   3,  Trossachs  Road,   East  Dulwich  Grove, 

S.E.  22.     Committee. 
Smart,  Mrs.  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  3,  Trossachs  Road,  East  Dulwich  Grove, 

S.E.  22. 
Smith,   Granville   (Dartmouth),   Master  of  the   Supreme  Court,    Royal 

Courts  of  Justice,  W.C.  2. 
Smithers,  A.  E.  (Stonehouse),  112,  Newington  Butts,  S.E.  11. 
Smithers,  Mrs.,  112,  Newington  Butts,  S.E.  11. 
Snell,  E.  J.  (Bampton),  518,  Oxford  Street,  W.  i. 
Snell,  Frank  (Bampton),  "  Bampton,"  Etchingham  Park  Road,  Finchley, 

N.3. 
Snell,  J.  (Axminster),  Hanger  Hill  Farm,  Ealing,  W. 
*Snell,    Michael    B.,    J. P.    (Barnstaple),    5,    Copthall    Buildings,    E.G.  2. 

Vice-President. 
Snell,  M.  Bowden,  jun.  (Combemartin),  18,  Broadwater  Down,  Tunbridge 

Wells. 
Snow,  G.  H.  (Barnstaple),  20,  Heathfield  South,  Twickenham. 
^Snow,  R.  (Tavistock),  21,  East  Mount  Road,  York. 
Soames,  D.  (Exeter),  52,  Manor  Road,  Brockley,  S.E.  4. 
Sobey,  H.  W.  (Plympton),  44,  Wellmeadow  Road,  I-ewisham,  S.E.  13. 
Soper,    H.   Tapley-    (Stoke   Gabriel),    Royal   Albert   Memorial   Library, 

Exeter.      Vice-President. 
Southwood,  Miss  Mildred  (descent),  Hazeldene,  Prout  Grove,  Neasden, 

N.W. 
Spear,  Arthur  (Plymouth),  61,  Asylum  Road,  Peckham,  S.E.  15. 
Spear,  Sir  John  W.,  M.P.,  Tavistock.     Vice-President. 
Squire,  H.  Brinsmead  (Torrington),  London  County  and  Westminster 

Bank,  Ltd.,  90,  Wood  Street,  E.C.  2.     Hon.  Treasurer. 
Squire,.  J.  Mallet  (Bideford),  36,  Grasmere  Road,  Muswell  Hill,  N. 
Stamper,  C.  W.  (Tiverton),  4,  6  and  8,  Berkeley  Street,  W.  i. 
Steed,   A.   W.    (Devonport),   25,  Ciavering   Road,   Aldersbrook,   Manor 

Park,  E.  12. 
Steer,  J.  W.  (Plymouth),  45,  Raleigh  Road,  Hornsey,  N.  8, 
Steer,  Rev.  W.  H.  Hornby,  M.A.  (Woodleigh),  52,  Avenue  Road,  Regent's 

Park,  N.W.  8. 
JStentiford,  C.  D.,  J. P.  (Ashburton),  5,  Meadfoot  Terrace,  Mannamead, 

Plymouth. 
Stoneman,  Walter  E.  (Plymouth),  51,  Baker  Street,  Portman  Square, 

W.  I. 
{Stranger,  R.  E.  (Holsworthy),  P.O.  Box  1025,  Cape  Town,  South  Africa. 
Streat,   F.   W.   (Ottery   St.   Mary),    125,   Lavender  Hill,   S.W.  n.     (On 

military  service.) 
Stribling,  J.  R.  (Exeter),  50,  High  Street,  Slough,  Bucks. 
Summers,   J.    (Ottery   St.    Mary),   44.    Grove   Hill   Road,    Camberwell, 
S.E.  5. 


io6  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  1918 

Swansea  Devonian  Society  : — 

♦Drew,  S.  T.  (Barnstaple),  Public  Library,  Hon.  Sec. 

J  Gay,  Thomas  (Salcombe),  26,  George  Street. 

J  Harding,  W.  (Parracombe),  Landore. 

JHews,  T.  G.  (Tiverton),  8,  Clarendon  Road,  Sketty. 

JKerswell,  J.  C.  (Plymouth),  4,  Uplands  Terrace. 

JNewcombe,  C.  H.  K.  (Braunton),  21,  Mirador  Crescent. 

JSalter,  Henry  (Plymtree),  30,  Villiers  Street. 
Symonds,  G.  R.  R.  (Ilfracombe),  Weymouth  Avenue,  Ealing,  W. 

Talbot,  Miss  Mabel  A.    (Hockworthy),  9,  Clarendon  Flats,  Baldeston 

Street,  W. 
Tamlin,  W.  E.  (Plymouth),  i.  Park  Avenue,  Willesden  Green,  N.W. 
Tarring,   F.    W.,   F.R.I.B.A.    (Holbeton),   26,   Coolhurst   Road,   Crouch 

End,  N.  8. 
JTaylor,  A.,  West  Buckland  School,  South  Molton,  North  Devon. 
Taylor,  A.  F.  (St.  Marychurch),  Ingleside,  Hanwell,  W.  7. 
Taylor,  J.  H.  (Northam),  The  Lodge,  Old  Deer  Park,  Richmond,  Surrey. 

Committee. 
Taylor,  Mrs.  C.  (Bideford),  The  Lodge,  Old  Deer  Park,  Richmond,  Surrey, 
Taylor,  Joshua  (Northam),  24,  Maldon  Road,  Acton,  W. 
♦Temple,  Rev.  William,  M.A.   (Exeter),  St.  James's  Rectory,  Piccadilly, 

W.  I.      Vice-President. 
Thomson,  F.  J.  S.  (Exeter),  31,  Angell  Road,  Brixton,  S.W.  9. 
Thorn,  Miss  I.  H.  (Chagford),  23,  Springwell  Avenue,  Harlesden,  N.W. 
Thorn,  Mrs.  L.  (Brixham),  92,  St.  Hilda  Road,  West  Ealing,  W.  13. 
Toley,  A.   (Stockland),  Devonia,  Golden  Manor,  Hanwell. 
Tolley,  H.  (Exeter),   17,  Oakhurst  Grove,  East  Dulwich,  S.E.  22. 
Toronto  Devonian  Society,  per  W.  Skelton,  loi,  Leslie  Street,  E, 
♦Tozer,  Sir  Henry  (Exeter),   i,  Durham  House  Street,  Strand,  W.C.  2. 

Vice-President. 
Tozer,  J.  R.  K.  (Paignton),  3,  Derby  Villas,  Derby  Road,  South  Wood- 
ford. 
Trace,  James  (Petrockstow),  56,  Teignmouth  Road,  N.W.  2. 
JTreliving,  Norman  (Okehampton),  Central  Library,  Leeds. 
Trewin,   Mrs.    Ethel  A.    (descent),   28,    Knatchbull  Road,   Camberwell, 

S.E.  5-  •       . 

Triplet,  Miss  Kate  (Plymouth),  8a,  St.  George  Road,  Eccleston  Square, 

S.W.  I. 
Trobridgc,  F.  (Newton  St.  Cyres),  6,  Dryburgh  Road,  Putney,  S.W.  15. 
Trobridge,  Mrs.  (Newton  St.  Cyres),  6,  Dryburgh  Road,  Putney,  S.W,  15. 
;Truscott,    W.    J.    (Teignmouth),    66,    King's    Road,    Willesden    Green, 

N.W.  10. 
Truscott,  Mrs.  (Teignmouth),  66,  King's  Road,  Willesden  Green,  N.W.  10. 
♦Tucker,    Lieut. -General    Sir    Charles,    G.C.B.,    G.C.V.O.     (Ashburton), 

Chalet  St.  Pierre,  Biarritz. 
Tucker,  E.  R.  (Morchard  Bishop),  54,  Alconbury  Road,  Upper  Clapton, 

E.  5.     (On  military  service.) 
Tucker,   Mrs,    E.   R.    (Morchard   Bishop),   54,   Alconbury   Road,   Upper 

Clapton,  E.  5. 
Tucker,  Miss  Hilda  M.  (Buckfastleigh),  15,  Cedars  Road,  Barnes  Common, 

S.W..4. 
Tyte,  H.  (Barnstaple),  121,  Lansdowne  Road,  Seven  KingSy  Essex. 
Tyte,   Miss  A-   L.    (Barnstaple),   121,   Lansdown*  Road,  Seven   Kings, 

Essex. 
Tyte,  Miss  K.  (Barnstaple),  7a,  Morgan  Mansions,  Holloway  Road,  N. 


List  of  Members  and  Associates  107 

•Upcott,  Lieut.-Colonel  Sir  Frederick  R.,  K.C.V.O.,  C.S.I.  (Cullompton), 

227,  St.  James's  Court,  Buckingham  Gate,  S.W.  i.      Vice-President. 

•Upcott,  Lady  (Cullompton),  227,  St.  James's  Court,  Buckingham  Gate, 

S.W.  I, 

Upham,  W.  U.  Reynell  (Exeter),  4,  Keats  Grove,  Hampstead,  N.W.  3^ 

♦Veitch,  Sir  Harry  J.  (Exeter),  34,  Redchffe  Gardens,  South  Kensington, 
S.W.  10.      Vice-President. 

Vellacott,  R.  H.  (Lynton),  13,  Rectory  Square,  White  Horse  Lane,  E.  i. 

Venn,  W.  H.,  M.A.  (Whimple),  St.  Peter's  College,  Manor  Road,  Brockley, 
S.E.  4. 

Veysey,  G.  H.  Shapland  (Chittlehampton),  15,  Bishopsgate,  E.C.  2.- 
{On  military  service.) 

Vibert,  F.  H.  (Totnes),  Rock  Villa,  Sevenoaks,  Kent. 

Vibert,  Herbert  (Totnes),  104,  Fore  Street,  E.C.  2.     {On  military  service). 

Victoria  Devonians,  British  Columbia,  per  Fred.  J.  Henson  and  S. 
Henson,  Hon.  Sees.,  Box  1208,  Victoria,  B.C. 

Vivian,  Henry  (Cornwood),  6,  Bloomsbury  Square,  W.C.  i.  Vice- 
President. 

Waghom,  Mrs.  Amy  Gj  (Horrabridge),  10,  Army  and  Navy  Mansions, 
109,  Victoria  Street,  Westminster,  S.W.  i.  , 
•Walker,  F.  (Drewsteignton),  68,  Coleman  Street,  E.C.  2. 
WalHs,  John  (Bideford),  359,  Oxford  Street,  W.  i. 
Walrond,  Conrad  M.    (Cullompton),    Braeside,    St.    Catherine's    Lane, 

Eastcote. 
Walrond,  H.  W.  (Cullompton),  London  County  and  Westminster  Bank,. 
Ltd.,  Knightsbridge,  S.W. 
♦Walton,  C.  H.   (Teignmouth),  31,  Sibella  Road,  Clapham,  S.W. 
Ward,  W.  J.  (Plymouth),  29,  Pitfield  Road,  Hoxton,  N.  i. 
Ward,  Mrs.  (Plymouth),  29,  Pitfield  Road,  Hoxton,  N.  i. 
Warran,  F.  (Tavistock),  24,  Dudley  Road,  Wimbledon,  S.W.  19. 
Webber,  R.  A.  (Newton  Abbot),  2,  Dallin  Road,  Plumstead,  S.E.  18. 
Webber,  W.  J.  N.  (Plymouth),  Aspen  Cottage,  Mitcham  Junction,  Surrey. 
Weekes,  G.  R.,  82,  Devonshire  Road,  South  Ealing,  W. 
•Wendon,  W.  (Paignton),  9,  Oxford  Gardens,  North  Kensington,  W.  10. 

Western,  J.  R.  (Cullompton),  12,  Drayton  Park,  Highbury,  N.  5. 
J  Wheeler,    Major    Cordy,    D.S.O.    (Ilfracombe),    Norlands,    Lyndhurst, 

Hants.     {On  military  service.) 
White,  A.  (Diptford),  3,  Aberdeen  Court,  Aberdeen  Park,  N.  5. 
White,  W.  A.  (Exeter),  Crabtree,  Riverside,  Fulham,  S.W. 
♦Whiteaway,    E.    (Combeinteignhead),    4,   5,  6,   &    7,%  Chiswell    Street, 

Finsbury,  E.C.  i. 
J  Whitley,  E.  Forbes  (Efford),  Rhos  Cottage,  Newquay. 
Whitley,  H.  Michell,  M.Inst.C.E.  (Plymouth),  Broadway  Court,  Broad- 
way, Westminster,  S.W.  i.     Vice-President. 
JWindeatt,  E.,  Heckwood,  Totnes,  South  Devon. 
Wingate,  G.  H.  (Plymouth),  29,  Fairholt  Road,  Stoke  Newington,  N.  i6. 
Wingate,  G.  M.  (Plymouth),  20,  Denver  Road,  Amhurst  Park,  N.  16. 
Wingate,  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  66,  Loveday  Road,  West  Ealing,  W.  13. 
JWinget,  W.,  Glenalmond,  Chelston,  Torquay. 

^Winter,  Capt.  P.  G.  D.  (Torquay),  70,  Elm  Grove,  Southsea.     {On  military 
service.) 
Winter,    R.    J.    (Parracombe),    Studland,    Westbury    Road,    Woodside 

Park,  N.  12,        . 
JWise,  H.  Harris  (Plymouth),  Mayfiela,  Woodlantd,  P«u-k,  Newport,  Men. 


io8  The  Devonian  Year  Book,  iqi8 

Witheridge,  W.  H.  (Plymouth),  105,  Dawes  Road,  Fulham,  S.W.  6. 

Wood,  J.  F.  (Stonehouse),  123,  The  Grove,  Wandsworth,  S.W.  18. 
JWoodward,  A.  F.  (Tiverton),  3,  Pelham  Road,  South  Woodford,  Essex. 

Woolley,  W.  B.  (Torquay),  17,  Windermere  Road,  Muswell  Hill,  N. 

WoollcoTibe,  Rev.  H.  S.,  M.A.   (Northlew).      Vice-President. 

Wreford,  C.  W.   (Exeter),  55,  Dyne  Road,  Brondesbury,  N.W.  6. 

Wreford,  Mrs.  C.   W.   (Exeter),  55,  Dyne  Road,  Brondesbury,  N.W.  6. 
:JWrenford,  Rev.  H.  St.   John  E.,  Clannaborough  Rectory,  Bow,  North 
Devon. 

Wright,  F.  G.  (Tiverton),  10,  Old  Deer  Park  Gardens,  Richmond,  Surrey. 
+Wyatt,  F.  B.,  South  Molton,  North  Devon. 

Yandle,  Capt.  Robert  (Tiverton),  22,  Carter  Lane,  E.C.  4.     Committee. 

{On  military  service.) 
Yeo,  James  (Barnstaple),  Woodhurst,  Warlingham,  Surrey. 
Yeo,  S.  A.  Spear  (Exeter),  2,  4,  and  6,  St.  John  Street,  E.C.  i. 
JYoung,  Dr.  E.  H.,  Darley  House,  Okehampton,  Devon. 


Members  are  earnestly  requested  to  notify  alterations  of  address,  and  place 
cf  association  with  Devonshire  [in  cases  where  this  is  omitted),  to  the  Hon. 
Secretary,  John  W.  Shawyer,  Norwich  House,  13,  Southampton 
Street,  Holborn,  London,  W.C.  i. 


648.18  JOH.V   WKIGHT  AND  SONS   LTD.,    PRIWrBR-i   AND   trUBUS.HBKS,    BKISTOI.. 


O 


DA      The  Devonian  year  book 

675 

D^8 

1916-18 


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